Maratha Confederacy

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formidable artillery to relentlessly pursue the enemy. By depriving the opponent of provisions, they compel them to hasten their march, while remaining confident in their own safety from counterattacks. They trail the enemy with their cavalry during marches, and when the enemy halts, they encircle and assault them using their infantry and cannons, making escape nearly impossible. Under no circumstances should you allow the enemy to engage you with their infantry. The Mahrattas possess such powerful artillery that it would be impossible to maintain your camp against it. If you receive word of their approach when they are close and ready to attack, it would be advisable to secure your baggage in any way possible and initiate an attack against them. It is crucial to prevent them from launching an attack on your camp at all costs.

4223:: "Vishwanath consolidated the Maratha power in the Deccan and led an expeditionary force to Delhi (1718-19) as an ally of the Sayyad brothers. He made the Maratha presence felt at the metropolis for the first time, secured the release of Shahu's family members from Mughal captivity, and obtained the confirmation of the Mughal-Maratha Treaty of 1718 from the emperor. This treaty, by which Shahu accepted the nominal suzerainty of the Mughal Crown in return for his right to collect chauth and sardeshmukhi from all the six provinces of 'the Mughal Deccan'...Delhi became the hub of Maratha political and military activities with effect from 1752, and they used the Mughal emperor as a mere tool in their hands to wield the imperial powers in his name and under his nominal suzerainty." 1410: 3265:

armies started to flee and the wazir in desperation and rage shouted, "Comrades whither do you fly, our country is far off". Post battle, Ahmad Shah Abdali, in a letter to one Indian ruler claimed that Afghans were able to defeat the Marathas only because of the blessings of the almighty and that any other army would have been destroyed by the Maratha army on that particular day even though the Maratha Army was numerically inferior to the Durrani Army and its Indian allies. Though Abdali won the battle, he also had heavy casualties on his side. Hence, he sought immediate peace with the Marathas. Abdali wrote in his letter to Peshwa on 10 February 1761:

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of the Emperor, both the English and Scindia treating their suzerain lord with scant respect..The paramount position of the Mughal within the rituals of supreme and sovereign authority may be amply demonstrated by reference to the coins of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Following the doctrine of khutba and sikka, new claimants to hegemony could be expected to be revealed on the coins of different jurisdictions. Yet for much of India they are not to be found. Reference to the graph at the end of this paper will confirm that both the Marathas and the British coined in the name of the Mughal.

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later the Peshwa came to the fort to worship the deity inside the Purandar fort but got caught up by the Kolis. The Kolis looted all the belongings and weapons of the Peshwa and took him prisoner but released him after some time. After this, the Kolis started collecting revenue from the surrounding area. Then, the chief of the Kolis, Kondaji Chivhe, sent a letter to the Peshwa, in which it was written, "What now sir, what is the condition, how is the government doing, have fun". After reading this letter, the Peshwa felt a bit humiliated and in a fit of rage ordered the

3280: 2175:, who had already accepted British protection by a separate treaty on 26 July 1802, supported the new regime. He made a treaty with the British. Also, Yashwant Rao successfully resolved the disputes with Scindia and the Peshwa. He tried to unite the Maratha Confederacy but to no avail. In 1802, the British intervened in Baroda to support the heir to the throne against rival claimants and they signed a treaty with the new Maharaja recognising his independence from the Maratha Confederacy in return for his acknowledgement of British paramountcy. Before the 1013: 68: 2875: 111: 1110: 6235: 56: 2852: 2537: 3330:

result is what we now behold. The French carried to Persia the same military and administrative faculties, and established the origin of the present Persian regular army, as it is styled. When Napoleon the Great resolved to take Iran under his auspices, he dispatched several officers of superior intelligence to that country with the mission of General Gardanne in 1808. Those gentlemen commenced their operations in the provinces of Azerbaijan and Kermanshah, and it is said with considerable success.

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he lived he made no exception for any person; no merit was left unrewarded, no offence went unpunished; and this he did with so much care and attention that he specially charged his governors to inform him in writing of the conduct of his soldiers, mentioning in particular those who had distinguished themselves, and he would at once order their promotion, either in rank or in pay, according to their merit. He was naturally loved by all men of valor and good conduct.

1658:, Shuja-ud-Daula, by which the Rohillas agreed to pay four million rupees in return for military help against the Marathas. Hafiz Rehmat, abhorring unnecessary violence, unlike the outlook of his fellow Rohillas such as Ali Muhammad and Najib Khan, prided himself on his role as a political mediator and sought an alliance with Awadh to keep the Marathas out of Rohilkhand. He bound himself to pay on behalf of the Rohillas. However, after he refused to pay, 2808:

to relinquish Ajmer, which held strategic importance in Rajputana. The pirate leaders of the Konkan were coerced into surrendering their coastal holdings. Treaties were established with significant Rajput States such as Jaipur, Jodhpur, and Mewar, as well as with smaller Rajput States like Banswara, Dungarpur, Partabgarh, Jaisalmer, and Kotah. Additionally, British protection was extended to Bhopal, the States of Bundelkhand, Malwa, and Kathiawar.

3291:, after defeating the Marathas, noted that the Marathas, though poorly led by their generals, had regular infantry and artillery that matched the level of that of the Europeans and warned other British officers from underestimating the Marathas on the battlefield. He cautioned one British general: "You must never allow Maratha infantry to attack head on or in close hand-to-hand combat as in that your army will cover itself with utter disgrace". 1101: 2239: 1491: 1479: 1770: 2863: 10598: 2818: 2794: 2762: 2735: 2697: 2675: 881: 10586: 1800:. Under the leadership of Mahadaji Shinde, the ruler of the state of Gwalior in central India, the Marathas defeated the Jats, the Rohilla Afghans and took Delhi which remained under Maratha control for the next three decades. His forces conquered modern day Haryana. Shinde was instrumental in resurrecting Maratha power after the débâcle of the Third Battle of Panipat, and in this, he was assisted by 1036:, the new Mughal emperor. However, his mother was kept a hostage of the Mughals to ensure that Shahu adhered to the release conditions. Upon release, Shahu immediately claimed the Maratha throne and challenged his aunt Tarabai and her son. The spluttering Mughal-Maratha war became a three-cornered affair. This resulted in two rival seats of government being set up in 1707 at Satara and 1293:, Dost Ali, in the pass of Damalcherry. In the war that followed, Dost Ali, one of his sons Hasan Ali, and several other prominent people died. This initial success at once enhanced Maratha prestige in the south. From Damalcherry, the Marathas proceeded to Arcot, which surrendered to them without much resistance. Then, Raghuji invaded Trichinopoly in December 1740. Unable to resist, 2775:, was reinstated in Poona as a mere figurehead under the control of the British East India Company. In exchange, he agreed to allow the British to station a subsidiary force in his territory and accepted British arbitration in any disputes with other regional powers. This agreement made a war with the Marathas unavoidable. In the ensuing 2190:. The real contest for India was never a single decisive battle for the subcontinent, rather, it turned on a complex social and political struggle for the control of the South Asian military economy. The victory in 1803 hinged as much on finance, diplomacy, politics and intelligence as it did on battlefield manoeuvring and war itself. 3085:, but the Marathas viewed them as legitimate targets because they were trading with, and thus financially supporting, their Mughal and Bijapur enemies. After the representatives of various European powers signed agreements with Shivaji or his successors, the threat of plundering or raids against Europeans began to reduce. 3175: 4141:

Prominent among these chiefs were the Bhonsles who established themselves in Nagpur; the Scindhias who gained control of Gwalior; the Gaekwads who set themselves up in Baroda; and the Holkars who seized hold of Indore. Between the Peshwas and the Maratha chiefs there subsisted a relationship which it

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forts. Because the Kolis did not like Abha Purandare, he removed them from the fortification and posted new Kiledars, due to which the Kolis attacked and captured the forts on 7 May 1764. Five days later, Rudramal Fort was also captured and presented a challenge to the Peshwa Raghunathrao. A few days

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who withdrew to the hills and organised a series of gang robberies, causing widespread terror and misery throughout the country. For twenty years he held out bravely, defeating and killing the generals of the Peshwa's Government sent against him. At last he was so hotly pursued that, on the advice of

1570:

was the fourth Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy. He worked as a unifying force in the Confederacy and moved to the south to subdue Mysore and the Nizam of Hyderabad to assert Maratha power. He sent generals such as Bhonsle, Scindia and Holkar to the north, where they re-established Maratha authority

925:

The Maratha dominion under him comprised about 4.1% of the subcontinent, but it was spread over large tracts. At the time of his death, it was reinforced with about 300 forts, and defended by about 40,000 cavalries, and 50,000 soldiers, as well as naval establishments along the west coast. Over time,

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From the Mughal point of view, the hostilities between the Company Bahadur and the Marathas could appear as a troublesome contest for power between the Imperial Diwan of Bengal and the Vakil-i Mutlaq or Imperial Regent. The actual participants of course were considerably more cynical of the position

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The secretaries Sridhar Lakshman and Krishnarao Madhav managed the communications of the Maratha ruler at Nagpur, while their partner, the merchant-moneylender Baburao Viswanath Vaidya, was the envoy of the Pune-based Peshwa, a powerful Brahmin minister and leader of the allied states comprising the

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Such was the good treatment Shivaji accorded to people and such was the honesty with which he observed the capitulations that none looked upon him without a feeling of love and confidence. By his people he was exceedingly loved. Both in matters of reward and punishment he was so impartial that while

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was permitted to retain a small portion of his ancestral domains until it eventually came under British control during the time of Dalhousie. The independence of Scindia, Holkar, and Berar was completely dismantled, leading to significant territorial reductions for these states. Holkar was compelled

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There is no reason to have animosity amongst us. Your son Vishwasrao and your brother Sadashivrao died in battle – it was unfortunate. Bhau started the battle, so I had to fight back unwillingly. Yet I feel sorry for his death. Please continue your guardianship of Delhi as before, to that I have no

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relinquishing the Upper Doab, his forts and territories northeast of the Rajput States, the districts of Broach and Ahmadnagar, as well as his possessions south of the Ajanta hills. Asirgarh, Burhanpur, and certain districts in the Tapti Valley were returned to Scindia. The Peshwa received the fort

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of the district at the time and it is claimed that Balwantrao became very unhappy after the execution of these kolis. Therefore, in the hope of reestablishing the happiness that he had enjoyed, he erected a temple near the river in Junnar, in which was placed as the object of worship a Punah Ling,

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and had fortified the forts well and the Peshwa faced failure. The humiliated Peshwa started taking the Kolis of Chivhe clan as captives. All those Chivhe kolis who were living in the territory of the Peshwa were declared rebels and started being captured. After this, the Chivhe Kolis sent a letter

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to consider an onslaught on the Mughal forces. In a meticulously planned operation, Ganoji and Aurangzeb's commander, Mukarrab Khan, attacked Sangameshwar when Sambhaji was accompanied by just a few men. Sambhaji was ambushed and captured by the Mughal troops on 1 February 1689. He and his advisor,

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Under the administration of the Peshwas and with the support of several key generals and diplomats (listed below), the Maratha Empire reached its zenith, ruling most of the Indian subcontinent. It was also under the Peshwas that the Maratha Empire came to its end through its formal annexation into

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from Daman in the north to Karwar in the south at the time of his death in 1680. His eastern boundary extended through the districts of Nasik and Poona, encompassing the entire Satara region and most of Kolhapur. Additionally, he held territories in Bellary, Kopal, Sira, Bangalore, Kolar, Vellore,

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he was ordered by the Peshwa to prevent the rebellious activities by rebels. Kolis did not wish to fight with Bamble because he was also a Koli by caste. The Kolis remained quiet for four years but Kolis went again to the jungles because their hereditary rights were cancelled. The troops employed

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The Third Anglo-Maratha War was fought by Maratha warlords separately instead of forming a common front and they surrendered one by one. Shinde and the Pashtun Amir Khan were subdued by the use of diplomacy and pressure, which resulted in the Treaty of Gwalior on 5 November 1817. All other Maratha

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launched a fierce assault on the centre of the Durrani Army, over 10,000 Durrani soldiers were killed alongside Haji Atai Khan, one of the chief commander of the Durrani Army and nephew of wazir Shah Wali Khan. Such was the fierce assault of the Maratha infantry in hand-to-hand combat that Afghan

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The Marathas prioritized technical advancement over establishing a modern command structure, resulting in a trade-off. While they excelled as craftsmen and technicians, successfully replicating the latest foreign military technology, their ability to govern as nation-builders was hindered because

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It is to the military genius of the French that we are indebted for the formation of the Indian army. Our warlike neighbours were the first to introduce into India the system of drilling native troops and converting them into a regularly disciplined force. Their example was copied by us, and the

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for a number of the Patils). Hearing of the measures the government officers were adopting, they moved off to another place; this was partly for their own safety, and partly to save their friends from being harassed and punished for not fulfilling their promise of apprehending them. After the

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for Kora and Allahabad. They turned their attention to Oudh to gain these two territories. Shuja was, however, unwilling to give them up and made appeals to the English and the Marathas did not fare well at the Battle of Ramghat..The Maratha and British armies fought in Ram Ghat, but the sudden

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did not support the Marathas. Historians have criticised the Maratha treatment of fellow Hindu groups. Kaushik Roy says, "The treatment by the Marathas of their co-religionist fellows – Jats and Rajputs was definitely unfair and ultimately had to pay its price in Panipat where Muslim forces had

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influence, was pardoned and placed in military and police charge of a district of sixty villages with powers of life and death to outlaws. In 1798, a fresh disturbance took place among the Kolis. The leader of this outbreak was Ramji Naik Bhangria, who was an abler and more daring man than his

1919:, Ismail Beg's ally, took over Delhi, capital of the Mughal dynasty and deposed and blinded the king Shah Alam II, placing a puppet on the Delhi throne. Mahadaji intervened and killed him, taking possession of Delhi on 2 October restoring Shah Alam II to the throne and acting as his protector. 3294:

He summarised Maratha tactics as follows: the Mahrattas employ two methods in their operations. They primarily rely on their cavalry to disrupt the enemy's supplies, causing distress in their camp and forcing them to retreat. Once the retreat begins, the Mahrattas unleash their infantry and

749:). After he died in 1749, they became the effective rulers. The leading Maratha families—Scindia, Holkar, Bhonsle, and Gaekwad—extended their conquests in northern and central India and became more independent and difficult to control. The Marathas' rapid expansion was halted with the great 2364:

because of their hereditary land rights were refused by the Peshwa. The Kolis assembled a revolutionary army of Shelkande and Kokate Kolis and commenced plundering the surrounding villages and doing other violent activities in the hope of obtaining redress. In response, The Peshwa sent

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The Peshwa was the titular equivalent of a modern Prime Minister. Shivaji created the Peshwa designation in order to more effectively delegate administrative duties during the growth of the Maratha Kingdom. Prior to 1749, the Peshwas held office for 8–9 years and controlled the

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Even when Wellesley became the Prime Minister of Britain, he held the Maratha infantry in utmost respect, claiming it to be one of the best in the world. However, at the same time, he noted the poor leadership of Maratha Generals, who were often responsible for their defeats.

2128:(also called Raghobadada), who wanted to become Peshwa of the confederacy. The British also wanted to end any potential anti-British, French-Maratha alliance at its crib. Maratha forces under Tukojirao Holkar and Mahadaji Shinde defeated a British expeditionary force at the 2044:

People who have sinned against such a holy place are sure to suffer the consequences of their misdeeds at no distant date in this Kali age in accordance with the verse: "Hasadbhih kriyate karma rudadbhir-anubhuyate" (People do deeds smilingly but suffer the consequences

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they struggled to effectively manage the intricate workings of command and failed to address the shortcomings in their general staff system. The fragmented Maratha state was unable to unite due to political divisions, undoing the progress made through technology.

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Delhi had been reduced to ashes many times due to previous invasions, and there was an acute shortage of supplies in the Maratha camp. Bhau ordered the sacking of the already depopulated city. He is said to have planned to place his nephew and the Peshwa's son,

3119:, however, this national army had to make room for a feudal force provided by different Maratha sardars. This new Maratha Army was not homogeneous, but employed soldiers of different backgrounds, both locals and foreign mercenaries, including large numbers of 1672:

in 1771 by the Marathas, left for his capital under their protection. He was escorted to Delhi by Mahadaji Shinde and left Allahabad in May 1771. During their short stay, Marathas constructed two temples in Allahabad city, one of them being the famous

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While the distracted Maratha kingdom of Aurangzeb's later ycars was fighting for survival, none could foresee that the insignificant British settlements of Bombay, Madras and Calcutta would one day become the political and economic bases of a vast

1332:, the Marathas perpetrated atrocities against the local population. The Maratha atrocities were recorded by both Bengali and European sources, which reported that the Marathas demanded payments, and tortured or killed anyone who couldn't pay. 5307:, p. 83: "By Mahadji Shinde's treaty of 1785 with the Sikhs, Maratha influence had been established over the divided Cis-Sutlej states. But at the end of the second Maratha war in 1806 that influence had been pass over to the British." 2078:. After the British had suffered a defeat against Mysore in the first two Anglo-Mysore Wars, the Maratha cavalry assisted the British in the last two Anglo-Mysore Wars from 1790 onwards, eventually helping the British conquer Mysore in the 2784:

and district of Ahmadnagar, while the Nizam acquired the district south of the Ajanta hills. Furthermore, the western part of Berar, lying west of the Wardha River and south of the fortress of Gawilgarh, was also granted to the Nizam.

1836:. In 1783, Mahadaji besieged the fort of Gwalior and conquered it. He delegated the administration of Gwalior to Khanderao Hari Bhalerao. After celebrating the conquest of Gwalior, Mahadaji Shinde turned his attention to Delhi again. 4653:, p. 707: quote: It explains the rise to power of his Peshwa (prime minister) Balaji Vishwanath (1713–20) and the transformation of the Maratha Kingdom into a vast realm, by the collective action of all the Maratha stalwarts. 1637:

after his death. Zabita Khan initially resisted the attack with Sayyid Khan and Saadat Khan behaving with gallantry, but was eventually defeated with the death of Saadat Khan by the Marathas and was forced to flee to the camp of

3208:. The Marathas fortified the entire coastline with sea fortresses with navigational facilities. Nearly all the hill forts, which dot the landscape of present-day western Maharashtra were built by the Marathas. The renovation of 3068:. He established an effective civil and military administration. He believed that there was a close bond between the state and the citizens. He is remembered as a just and welfare-minded king. Cosme da Guarda says of him that: 2270:

was looted by the company as part of the spoils of the war. The British acquired large chunks of territory from the Maratha Empire and in effect put an end to their most dynamic opposition. The terms of surrender Major-general

6440::The reference for this letter – Peshwe Daftar letters 2.103, 146; 21.206; 1.202, 207, 210, 213; 29, 42, 54, and 39.161. Satara Daftar – document number 2.301, Shejwalkar's Panipat, page no. 99. Moropanta's account – 1.1, 6, 7 3248:. After the Third Battle of Panipat, Abdali was relieved as the Maratha Army in the initial stages were almost in the position of destroying the Afghan armies and their Indian Allies, the Nawab of Oudh and Rohillas. The grand 5616: 4040: 3025:

held full-time military commands and their deputies performed their civil duties in their stead. In the later era of the Maratha Confederacy, these deputies and their staff constituted the core of the Peshwa's bureaucracy.

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Madhav Rao died in 1772, at the age of 27. His death is considered to be a fatal blow to the Maratha Confederacy and from that time Maratha power started to move on a downward trajectory, less an empire than a confederacy.

855:

notes, "neither term is fully accurate since one implies a substantial degree of centralisation and the other signifies some surrender of power to a central government and a longstanding core of political administrators".

2227:, which retained local Maratha rulers (descendants of Shivaji and Sambhaji II ruled over Kolhapur). The Maratha-ruled states of Gwalior, Indore, and Nagpur all lost territory and came under subordinate alliances with the 1981:, as per which the Tipu Sultan of Mysore was obligated to pay 4.8 million rupees as a war cost to the Marathas and an annual tribute of 1.2 million rupees, in addition to returning all the territory captured by 1555:

did not heed the advice to leave soldiers' families (women and children) and pilgrims at Agra and not take them to the battlefield with the soldiers, rejected their co-operation. Their supply chains (earlier assured by

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opposition. Only let Punjab until Sutlaj remain with us. Reinstate Shah Alam on Delhi's throne as you did before and let there be peace and friendship between us, this is my ardent desire. Please grant me that desire.

2803:(1817-19), the British achieved widespread success in their military endeavours. They successfully removed the Peshwa from power, confiscated his territories, and compelled him to reside in Bithur near Cawnpore. The 8201:. Vol. I: Jemima Kindersley, Letters from the Island of Teneriffe, Brazil, the Cape of Good Hope and the East Indies (1777), and Maria Graham, Journal of a Residence in India (1812). Taylor & Francis. 1807:

After the growth in power of feudal lords like the Malwa sardars, the landlords of Bundelkhand and the Rajput kingdoms of Rajasthan who refused to pay tribute to him, he sent his army to conquer states such as

7479: 2132:, but the heavy surrender terms, which included the return of annexed territory and a share of revenues, were disavowed by the British authorities at Bengal and fighting continued. What became known as the 953:

headed south in 1681. With his entire imperial court, administration and an army of about 500,000 troops, he proceeded to expand the Mughal empire, gaining territories such as the sultanates of Bijapur and

1892:, his family and areas surrounding Delhi), Panipat (Karnal, Sonepat, Kurukshetra and Ambala), Hisar (Hisar, Sirsa, Fatehabad, parts of Rohtak), Ahirwal (Gurugram, Rewari, Narnaul, Mahendragarh) and Mewat. 2411:

who was a minister in the Maratha Confederacy declared that he would not pardon the Kolis again, as they were such a turbulent race and as no faith could be reposed in them. Nana Fadnavis detached a few

1250:

raided the suburbs of Delhi in a blitzkrieg in the Battle of Delhi (1737). The Nizam set out from the Deccan to rescue the Mughals from the invasion of the Marathas, but was defeated decisively in the

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predecessors and succeeded in avoiding all the efforts of the Government officers to seize him. As force seemed hopeless, the Government offered Ramji a pardon and gave him an important police post.

734:

came at a great cost for his men and treasury and eventually ensured Maratha ascendency and their control over sizeable portions of former Mughal dominions in the north of the Indian subcontinent.

1438:(referred to as the Bhau or Bhao in sources) responded to the news of the Afghans' return to North India by sending a large army north. Bhau's force was bolstered by some Maratha forces under 1539:

The Marathas had antagonised the Jats and Rajputs by taxing them heavily, punishing them after defeating the Mughals and interfering in their internal affairs. The Marathas were abandoned by

937:, who had different mothers and were half-brothers. In 1681, Sambhaji succeeded to the crown after his father's death and resumed his expansionist policies. Sambhaji had earlier defeated the 3306:

India contains no more than two great powers, British and Mahratta, and every other state acknowledges the influence of one or the other. Every inch that we recede will be occupied by them.

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was crowned King of the Holkars and he captured Ujjain. He started campaigning towards the north to expand his dominion in that region. Yashwant Rao rebelled against the policies of Peshwa

1405:

The Marathas defeated the Rohillas, forced them to seek shelter in hills and ransacked their country in such a manner that the Rohillas dreaded the Marathas and hated them ever afterwards.

1812:, Datiya, Chanderi, Narwar, Salbai and Gohad. However, he launched an unsuccessful expedition against the Raja of Jaipur but withdrew after the inconclusive Battle of Lalsot in 1787. The 2082:

in 1799. After the British conquest, however, the Marathas launched frequent raids in Mysore to plunder the region, which they justified as compensation for past losses to Tipu Sultan.

2465:

in the north. Apart from capturing various regions, the Marathas maintained a large number of tributaries who were bound by agreements to pay a certain amount of regular tax, known as

1301:

also came under Maratha attacks during this time. In June 1756 Luís Mascarenhas, Count of Alva (Conde de Alva), the Portuguese Viceroy was killed in action by the Maratha Army in Goa.

7045: 2275:

offered to the Peshwa were controversial amongst the British for being too liberal: The Peshwa was offered a luxurious life near Kanpur and given a pension of about 80,000 pounds.

2013:, killing and wounding many people l, including Brahmins, plundering the monastery of all its valuable possessions, and desecrating the temple by displacing the image of goddess 2779:, the Treaty of Deogaon saw Berar surrender the province of Cuttack, including Balasore, which connected Bengal with Madras. Additionally, the Treaty of Surji Arjangaon led to 1131: 110: 1646:

and looted his fort. With the fleeing of the Rohillas, the rest of the country was burnt, with the exception of the city of Amroha, which was defended by some thousands of

2547:, the Nawab of Oudh, in 1752 to help him defeat the Afghani Rohillas. The Maratha force set out from Pune and defeated the Afghan Rohillas in 1752, capturing the whole of 8775: 926:

the kingdom would increase in size and heterogeneity; by the time of his grandson's rule, and later under the Peshwas in the early 18th century, it became a vast realm.

1820:

from March 1786 to March 1787 in which Tipu Sultan was defeated by the Marathas. By the victory in this battle, the border of the Maratha territory was extended to the

1718:

in southern India established Maratha dominance in the Deccan. On the other hand, Mahadaji's victory over Jats of Mathura, Rajputs of Rajasthan and Pashtun-Rohillas of

4347:, p. 98: Shivaji's coronation and setting himself up as a sovereign prince symbolises the rise of the Indian people in all parts of the country. It was a bid for 2143: 576: 551: 537: 2063:

s) in cash and other gifts and articles. Tipu Sultan's interest in the Sringeri temple continued for many years, and he was still writing to the Swami in the 1790s.

1234:, was appointed Peshwa by Shahu. Bajirao is credited with expanding the Maratha Kingdom tenfold from 3% to 30% of the modern Indian landscape during 1720–1740. The 2167:

in which the Peshwa was defeated. After the Battle of Poona, the flight of the Peshwa left the government of the Maratha state in the hands of Yashwantrao Holkar.(

1285:(Nanasaheb), was appointed as the next Peshwa by Shahu despite the opposition of other chiefs. In 1740, the Maratha forces, under Raghoji Bhonsle, came down upon 675:, the Maratha government also included warriors, administrators, and other nobles from the Maratha and several other Marathi groups from what is known today as 10668: 8630: 2604:

During the confederacy era, Mahadaji Shinde resurrected the Maratha domination over much of Northern India which was lost after the Third Battle of Panipat.

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of the Maratha Confederacy, but following the Second Anglo-Maratha War of 1803–1805, the Marathas lost these territories to the British East India Company.

2193: 1977:

in 1785. The war ended in 1787 with Tipu Sultan being defeated by the Marathas. The Maratha-Mysore war ended in April 1787 following the finalizing of the

6265: 3951:

Pronouncing dictionary of proper names: pronunciations for more than 28,000 proper names, selected for currency, frequency, or difficulty of pronunciation

2890:) was a council of eight ministers that administered the Maratha Kingdom. This system was formed by Shivaji. Ministerial designations were drawn from the 2235:

that retained internal sovereignty under British paramountcy. Other small princely states of Maratha knights were retained under the British Raj as well.

10663: 2420:, who gained information of the hiding place of Kolis and a detachment that marched to apprehend them was so fortunate as to bring them all prisoners to 5218: 4142:

is most difficult to define. The chiefs were to all intents and purposes independent, yet they recognised the Peshwa as the head of the Maratha polity

2211:(1817–1818) resulted in the loss of Maratha independence. It left the British in control of most of the Indian subcontinent. The Peshwa was exiled to 3664: 1397:

The Marathas who were hard pressed for money stripped the ceiling of Diwan-i-Khas of its silver and looted the shrines dedicated to Muslim maulanas.

1238:

was a land battle that took place on 28 February 1728 at the village of Palkhed, near the city of Nashik, Maharashtra, India between Baji Rao I and

2186:

The Second Anglo-Maratha War represents the military high-water mark of the Marathas who posed the last serious opposition to the formation of the

1519:

to assist him in driving out the Marathas from Delhi. Huge armies of Muslim forces and Marathas collided with each other on 14 January 1761 in the

4233:

Kantak, M. R. (1978). "The Political Role of Different Hindu Castes and Communities in Maharashtra in the Foundation of the Shivaji's Swarajya".

1829: 1347:

made peace with Raghuji in 1751 ceding Cuttack (Odisha) up to the river Subarnarekha, and agreeing to pay Rs. 1.2 million annually as the

9453: 2262:

The war left the British, under the auspices of the British East India Company, in control of virtually all of present-day India south of the

1001:, Shankaraji Narayan Sacheev and Melgiri Pandit. In 1697, Rajaram offered a truce but this was rejected by Aurangzeb. Rajaram died in 1700 at 741:

under the leadership of Peshwa Bajirao revived Maratha power and confided a great deal of authority to the Bhat family, who became hereditary

8265: 6863:, Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxx, 1 map, 552. 1362:'s plunder of Delhi in 1756. Delhi was captured by the Maratha army under Raghunath Rao in August 1757, defeating the Afghan garrison in the 3192:

and bringing significant changes in naval warfare. A series of sea forts and battleships were built in the 17th century during the reign of

1677:. After reaching Delhi in January 1772 and realising the Maratha intent of territorial encroachment, however, Shah Alam ordered his general 4167: 3876: 3216:, has been particularly applauded, according to the contemporary European accounts, the defence fortifications matched the European ones. 1393:

of Delhi, which was the place where the Mughal emperors used to receive courtiers and state guests, in one of their expeditions to Delhi.

1458:. The combined army of over 50,000 regular troops re-captured the former Mughal capital, Delhi, from an Afghan garrison in August 1760. 2219:) as a pensioner of the British. The Maratha heartland of Desh, including Pune, came under direct British rule, except the states of 1354:

Balaji Bajirao encouraged agriculture, protected the villagers and brought about a marked improvement in the state of the territory.

1339:

to his kingdom permanently as he successfully exploited the chaotic conditions prevailing in Bengal after the death of its governor

10628: 7051: 5386: 5366: 3288: 2373:

against rebel kolis and surprised them, killed and wounded many of them. The Koli leaders were consequently forced to disperse the

1854: 3302:

Wellesley Charles Metcalfe, one of the ablest of the British Officials in India and later acting Governor-General, wrote in 1806:

3115:. It was a homogeneous body commanded by a regular cadre of officers, who had to obey one supreme commander. With the rise of the 10653: 8124:"Rethinking the Origins of British India: State Formation and Military-fiscal Undertakings in an Eighteenth Century World Region" 981:

Upon Sambhaji's death, his half-brother Rajaram ascended the throne. The Mughal siege of Raigad continued, and he had to flee to

7090:

Selections from the Papers of Lord Metcalfe: Late Governor-General of India, Governor of Jamaica, and Governor-General of Canada

5667: 2349:

and explained the whole matter, after which the Kolis handed over the forts to Madhavrao who returned them to the Chivhe Kolis.

706:

The Marathas became prominent in the politics of the Indian subcontinent during the seventeenth century under the leadership of

10638: 6276: 2823:

The British territory expanded by incorporating the following States under Dalhousie's rule, following the doctrine of lapse:

10623: 10406: 9788: 8227: 8206: 8174: 8112: 8092: 8006: 7985: 7953: 7932: 7911: 7891: 7870: 7749: 7693: 7672: 7651: 7630: 7590: 7569: 7548: 7527: 7503: 7465: 7435: 7414: 7393: 7372: 7351: 7330: 7309: 7281: 7188: 7167: 7109: 7077: 7020: 6999: 6978: 6927: 6906: 6879: 6838: 6817: 6793: 6772: 6748: 6723: 6695: 6674: 6653: 6632: 6398: 6165: 6140: 6115: 6090: 6065: 6040: 6015: 5990: 5917: 5890: 5842: 5811: 5782: 5636: 5473: 5318: 4548: 4514: 4329: 4302: 4271: 4134: 4023: 3985: 3958: 3933: 3838: 3811: 1742:

as a restricted monarch to the throne under Maratha suzerainty, the resurrection of Maratha power in the North was complete.

1343:

in 1727. Constantly harassed by the Bhonsles, Odisha, Bengal and parts of Bihar were economically ruined. Alivardi Khan, the

8770: 8607: 2586: 1367: 1044:

as his Peshwa. The Peshwa was instrumental in securing Mughal recognition of Shahu as the rightful heir of Shivaji and the

989:

for safety. From there, the Marathas raided Mughal territory, and many forts were recaptured by Maratha commanders such as

626: 10312: 4013: 4504: 4261: 2407:. The Kolis had taken an oath that they would cut off the head of Patil of Otur unless the Peshwa afforded them redress. 2091: 1586:

In early 1771, ten years after the collapse of Maratha authority over North India following the Third Battle of Panipat,

67: 10458: 9458: 7301: 6266:

https://www.thegoan.net/global-goenkar/noted-goans-during-peshwe-era-in-pune3-2-goans-follow-illustrious-kin/91809.html

1470:, Maratha power had reached its zenith with a territory of over 2,500,000 square kilometres (970,000 sq mi). 3200:

were mostly indigenous and constructed without foreign aid. Further, in the 18th century, during the reign of Admiral

9102: 8258: 7223: 7146: 6611: 6590: 5526: 5483: 5328: 5172: 4177: 3886: 3739: 2171:, p. 194) He appointed Amrutrao as the Peshwa and went to Indore on 13 March 1803. All except Gaekwad, chief of 1642:

and his country was ravaged by Marathas.Mahadaji Shinde captured the family of Zabita Khan, desecrated the grave of

910:

in 1645 by winning the fort Torna, followed by many more forts, placing the area under his control and establishing

6736:

The Anglo-Maratha Campaigns and the Contest for India: The Struggle for Control of the South Asian Military Economy

5320:

A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid ... – Farooqui Salma Ahmed, Salma Ahmed Farooqui

5071: 2390:

troops retired from the jungles, the Kolis recommenced their operations. Several seasons passed this way but when

1409: 4466:"Deindustrialization in 18th and 19th century India: Mughal decline, climate shocks and British industrial ascent" 10084: 5073:

Statistical, Descriptive and Historical Account of the North-western Provinces of India: Meerut division. 1875–76

1927:, the two most powerful Rajput states, were still out of direct Maratha domination, so Mahadaji sent his general 760:

The structure of the Maratha state was that of a confederacy of four Rajas under the leadership of the Peshwa at

661: 17: 9246: 5504: 5372:

The Despatches, Minutes, and Correspondance, of the Marquess Wellesley, K. G. During His Administration in India

2377:. The government officers learned that Sattu Shelkande, chief of the insurgents, was hiding in the neighboring 1816:

was fought between the Marathas under the command of Tukojirao Holkar (the adopted son of Malharrao Holkar) and

10648: 8916: 7611: 5803: 1246:. The battle is considered an example of the brilliant execution of military strategy. In 1737, Marathas under 3179:

A painted scroll depicting different types of ships of the Maratha Navy including some captured English ships.

3060:

Shivaji was an able administrator who established a government that included modern concepts such as cabinet,

1187:

from the six Mogul provinces of Deccan, and full possession of the territories controlled by Shivaji in 1680.

10522: 8695: 3688:

Bajirao succeeded his father as the Peshwa. His sons, grandsons, and great-grandson succeeded him. They were

3325:

commented about the British East India Company copying the French Indian Army in raising an army of Indians:

3005:

and senior writer of the Chhatrapati. Sometimes considered second to the Peshwa in their absence, not in the

2804: 1297:

surrendered the fort to Raghuji on 14 March 1741. Chanda Saheb and his son were arrested and sent to Nagpur.

1278:, brother of Baji Rao. The Maratha victory in this war was a major achievement of Baji Rao's time in office. 1239: 3430:) – signed a treaty with the East India Company ceding part of the sovereignty of his kingdom to the company 1608:(head of the amirs). After taking control of Delhi, the Marathas sent a large army in 1772 to punish Afghan 10618: 10517: 10401: 8740: 8730: 8330: 8251: 8237:

Land and Sovereignty in India: Agrarian Society and Politics under the Eighteenth Century Maratha Swarajya,

5828: 5392:

Supplementary Despatches and Memoranda of Field Marshal Arthur, Duke of Wellington, K. G.: India, 1797–1805

3552: 3420: 1305: 283: 7903:

Breathing in Bodhi – the General Awareness/ Comprehension book – Life Skills/ Level 2 for the avid readers

3508:

From Balaji Vishwanath onwards, the actual power gradually shifted to the Bhat family of Peshwas based in

3111:

was a national army consisting of personnel drawn mainly from his empire which corresponds to present-day

10633: 10527: 9564: 8750: 8465: 8243: 8064: 1313: 1063:

and later his son, Triambakrao, expanded it Westwards into Gujarat. Peshwa Bajirao and his three chiefs,

7012:

Empires and Indigenes: Intercultural Alliance, Imperial Expansion, and Warfare in the Early Modern World

3228: 2687:

in 1689. However, by the beginning of the 18th century, the Marathas had managed to regain their power.

10576: 8460: 7069: 6740: 6715: 5834: 5774: 5617:"The Maratha Court and the Embassies of Saint-Lubin and M. Montigny: A Truce towards Cordial Relations" 5100: 2121: 1901: 1316:, which further added to the decline of the Nawabs of Bengal. During their invasions and occupation of 1195: 1159:, the most powerful naval chief on the Western Coast who later accepted Shahu as Chhatrapati. In 1719, 4465: 863:

refers to a traditionally Marathi peasantry group, in the past the word has been used to describe all

55: 10485: 9633: 9197: 8885: 8450: 8164: 7760: 6803: 3611: 3496: 1897: 998: 7998:

Islamic Renaissance In South Asia (1707–1867) : The Role Of Shah Waliallah & His Successors

7580: 5907: 1985:. In 1791–92, large areas of the Maratha Confederacy suffered a massive population loss due to the 958:. During the eight years that followed, Sambhaji led the Marathas successfully against the Mughals. 918:

as its capital and successfully fought against the Mughals to defend his kingdom. He was crowned as

10443: 10418: 10268: 9927: 9922: 8931: 8675: 3168: 3160: 3156: 2776: 2768: 2385:

providing security for two or three cultivators, another Patil for five or six poorer Patils and a

2243: 2201: 2183:

during the Second Anglo-Maratha War resulted in the loss of influence over Delhi for the Marathas.

2176: 1956: 1850: 1839:

The Maratha-Sikh treaty in 1785 made the small Cis-Sutlej states an autonomous protectorate of the

820: 4079: 974:

by the Mughals on 21 March 1689. Aurangzeb had charged Sambhaji with attacks by Maratha forces on

10510: 10391: 9932: 9885: 9828: 9527: 9471: 9219: 8936: 8926: 8790: 8780: 8348: 5730: 5139: 4407:, pp. 1941–: The victory at Bhopal in 1738 established Maratha dominance at the Mughal court 3472: 3314: 2800: 2717: 2259:, saying that by that year "the British dominion in India became the British dominion of India". 2208: 2133: 2105: 2079: 1974: 1952: 1754: 1686: 1669: 1650:

tribes. The Rohillas who could offer no resistance fled to the Terai whence the remaining Sardar

1520: 824: 750: 454: 316: 5861:

Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis

10532: 10433: 10428: 10116: 10064: 9984: 9917: 9821: 9806: 9699: 9466: 9420: 9261: 9148: 8921: 8865: 8835: 8795: 8765: 8745: 8440: 8358: 7853:

Chhatrapati Shivaji: Coronation Tercentenary Commemoration Volume, Bombay: University of Bombay

6898: 3484: 1735: 216: 116: 8196: 8102: 7996: 7922: 7901: 7860: 7620: 7425: 7362: 7099: 7031: 6828: 6783: 6709: 5514: 5390: 5370: 3801: 1888:

then came under the Marathas. He divided Haryana into four territories: Delhi (Mughal emperor

10658: 10463: 10423: 10236: 10111: 9175: 9165: 9124: 9095: 8957: 8880: 8735: 8625: 7975: 7943: 7881: 7739: 7683: 7641: 7559: 7538: 7404: 7341: 7295: 7178: 7120: 7063: 7010: 6989: 6917: 6869: 6734: 6685: 6664: 6622: 6601: 5189: 3828: 3257: 3204:, a host of dockyard facilities were built along the entire western coastline of present-day 2180: 1905: 1813: 1580: 1309: 971: 569: 10351: 7135: 6277:

https://www.thegoan.net/global-goenkar/goan-colonel-decorated-in-the-maratha-army/91527.html

5158: 10643: 10556: 10386: 10356: 10231: 10162: 10133: 10052: 9386: 9224: 9214: 8952: 8665: 8615: 8320: 8025:. Vol. 7: The Mughul Empire . Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan – via G. Allen & Unwin. 4041:"The Slow Conquest: Administrative Integration of Malwa into the Maratha Empire, 1720–1760" 2656:, and the English settlement on Bombay Island, Sivaji had complete control over the entire 2283:

In 1760, the peace of the Peshwa government was held to ransom by a repetitive uprising of

1363: 907: 343: 10336: 1254:. The Marathas extracted a large tribute from the Mughals and signed a treaty which ceded 8: 10248: 10128: 10094: 9996: 9816: 9811: 9623: 9342: 9278: 9153: 9138: 8049:

The Modernizing of Communication: Vernacular Publishing in Nineteenth Century Maharashtra

6959:

A History of the Maratha People: From the death of Shahu to the end of the Chitpavan epic

3054: 2470: 2438: 1689:

attacked Delhi and defeated Mughal forces in 1772. The Marathas were granted an imperial

1451: 1151:

as Peshwa in 1713. Balaji Vishwanath's first major achievement was the conclusion of the

949:. To nullify the alliance between his rebel son, Akbar, and the Marathas, Mughal Emperor 634: 618: 9964: 9954: 7977:

Wellington: Studies in the Military and Political Career of the First Duke of Wellington

7605: 7088: 3279: 2702:

After Aurangzeb, Marathas conquered a significant portion of India, stretching from the

2563:). In 1752, the Marathas entered into an agreement with the Mughal emperor, through his 2424:, where the five Kolis were executed. Balwantrao, brother-in-law to Nana Fadnavis, was 1928: 1801: 10361: 10341: 10324: 10275: 10140: 9949: 9900: 9833: 9751: 9692: 9687: 9682: 9638: 9608: 9500: 9398: 9266: 9241: 8982: 8900: 8895: 8845: 8800: 8715: 8650: 8645: 8620: 8597: 8325: 8151: 7840: 7832: 7786: 7258: 7250: 7130: 6938: 6891: 6705: 6502: 6494: 6361: 6353: 5239: 4446: 4242: 3629: 3540: 3407: 3241: 3047: 3002: 2960: 2741: 2598: 2556: 2486: 2156: 2067: 1993: 1893: 1877: 1727: 1707: 1508: 816: 797: 711: 683:, which expanded into a large realm in the 18th century under the leadership of Peshwa 611: 556: 90: 4531: 1012: 10470: 10366: 10302: 10297: 10226: 10123: 9838: 9766: 9761: 9603: 9532: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9305: 9256: 8987: 8977: 8875: 8825: 8810: 8805: 8785: 8755: 8705: 8368: 8353: 8223: 8202: 8170: 8143: 8108: 8088: 8070: 8052: 8035: 8002: 7981: 7949: 7928: 7907: 7887: 7866: 7844: 7824: 7766: 7745: 7726: 7689: 7668: 7647: 7626: 7586: 7565: 7544: 7523: 7499: 7461: 7431: 7410: 7389: 7368: 7347: 7326: 7305: 7277: 7262: 7219: 7184: 7163: 7142: 7105: 7073: 7016: 6995: 6974: 6923: 6902: 6875: 6834: 6813: 6789: 6768: 6744: 6719: 6691: 6670: 6649: 6628: 6607: 6586: 6506: 6486: 6394: 6365: 6345: 6161: 6136: 6111: 6086: 6061: 6036: 6011: 5986: 5913: 5886: 5838: 5807: 5778: 5659: 5632: 5479: 5324: 5168: 5164: 4510: 4485: 4450: 4438: 4325: 4298: 4267: 4173: 4130: 4126:

Western India in the Nineteenth Century: A Study in the Social History of Maharashtra

4101: 4060: 4019: 3991: 3981: 3954: 3929: 3882: 3834: 3807: 3652: 3516: 3478: 3245: 2948: 2874: 2749: 2709: 2590: 2552: 2357: 2297: 2251:

chiefs like Holkars, Bhonsles and the Peshwa gave up arms by 1818. British historian

2163:. In May 1802, he marched towards Pune the seat of the Peshwa. This gave rise to the 2129: 2124:, from its base in Bombay, intervened in a succession struggle in Pune, on behalf of 2095: 2075: 2071: 1970: 1960: 1723: 1682: 1674: 1651: 1616:

by looting and plundering as well as taking members of the royal family as captives.

1604:

being at his request conferred on the Peshwa. The Mughals also gave him the title of

1359: 1340: 1235: 1190: 1148: 1140: 1060: 1056: 1041: 946: 805: 424: 226: 8155: 5230:

Kadiyan, Chand Singh (26 June 2019). "Panipat in History: A Study of Inscriptions".

906:

clan and was the founder of the Maratha state. Shivaji led a resistance against the

757:, following which the effective power of Peshwas over other chiefs came to an end. 10319: 10106: 10101: 10057: 10044: 9974: 9942: 9937: 9801: 9796: 9778: 9739: 9672: 9655: 9596: 9586: 9581: 9522: 9478: 9448: 9408: 9391: 9374: 9337: 9088: 8890: 8870: 8855: 8840: 8760: 8720: 8690: 8685: 8670: 8660: 8655: 8635: 8561: 8481: 8363: 8135: 7967: 7816: 7716: 7291: 7242: 7198: 6758: 6478: 6337: 5624: 4477: 4430: 4091: 4052: 3753: 3710: 3534: 3528: 3490: 3261: 2970: 2924: 2745: 2721: 2649: 2256: 2197: 2059: 1986: 1940: 1781: 1678: 1552: 1544: 1435: 1385:

Just prior to the battle of Panipat in 1761, the Marathas looted "Diwan-i-Khas" or

1282: 1263: 1251: 1049: 990: 938: 911: 852: 836: 789: 700: 688: 629:

often subordinate to the former. It was established in 1674 with the coronation of

441: 184: 96: 6482: 6341: 6193: 5219:

Mahrattas, Sikhs and Southern Sultans of India: Their Fight Against Foreign (2001)

4434: 4294:

The Chitpavans: Social Ascendancy of a Creative Minority in Maharashtra, 1818–1918

1784:

gave semi-autonomy to the strongest of the aristocracy. After the death of Peshwa

1551:

before the start of the great battle and withdrew their troops as Maratha general

10537: 10505: 10378: 10346: 10329: 10285: 10280: 10258: 10253: 10211: 10204: 10179: 10039: 10034: 9875: 9756: 9650: 9645: 9613: 9438: 9428: 9322: 9315: 9310: 9295: 9251: 9133: 9119: 9043: 8860: 8850: 8820: 8725: 8710: 8700: 8640: 8592: 8582: 8378: 8217: 8185: 8082: 8020: 7758: 7662: 7517: 7513: 7493: 7489: 7475: 7446: 7383: 7320: 7271: 7213: 7157: 6968: 6957: 6849: 6807: 6762: 6643: 6580: 5876: 5859: 5736: 4319: 4292: 4201: 4124: 3803:

Way of Life: King, Householder, Renouncer : Essays in Honour of Louis Dumont

3634: 3571: 3167:

noble family who had escaped Goa after trying to overthrow the government in the

3140: 2780: 2589:

and expanded their boundary till Afghanistan. They defeated the Afghan forces of

2490: 2403:

against the Shelkande Kolis again forced them to disperse and the chiefs went to

2301: 2232: 2164: 1932: 1840: 1773: 1643: 1587: 1439: 1414: 1344: 1259: 1194:

The Maratha Confederacy at its peak. This expansion was achieved through various

1176: 1168: 1109: 1072: 860: 801: 773: 672: 645: 9959: 7667:. New Cambridge History of India. Vol. II . 4. Cambridge University Press. 7233:

Pearson, M. N. (February 1976). "Shivaji and the Decline of the Mughal Empire".

6785:

A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century

5397:"ART VI Scindiah to renounce all claims the Seik chiefs or territories" (p. 318) 4418: 4080:"Transacting Politics in the Maratha Empire: An Agreement between Friends, 1795" 3313:

says that the Maratha infantry was equal to that of British infantry. After the

3240:, was praised by almost all the enemies of the Maratha Empire, ranging from the 3081:

ships and European trading vessels. European traders described these attacks as

3038:

hereditary administrators of the Maratha Empire from 1749 till its end in 1818.

2771:(1802) resulted in a conflict with the Marathas. As per the treaty, the Peshwa, 2340:

to attack, but the army could not do anything because the Kolis themselves were

10590: 10480: 10475: 10438: 10413: 10396: 10307: 10292: 10263: 10221: 10069: 10029: 10024: 9979: 9905: 9865: 9855: 9845: 9660: 9539: 9433: 9300: 9182: 8967: 8815: 8680: 8551: 8531: 8445: 8016: 7202: 7059: 7041: 5143: 3669: 3607: 3598: 3253: 3061: 3043: 2908: 2851: 2832: 2536: 2498: 2494: 2267: 2252: 2179:(1803–1805), the Peshwa Baji Rao II signed a similar treaty. The defeat in the 2033: 2009: 1873: 1845: 1762: 1639: 1596: 1594:

as a puppet ruler on the Mughal throne receiving in return the title of deputy

1467: 1290: 1033: 994: 903: 864: 793: 746: 692: 653: 641: 638: 410: 8139: 5160:

Anglo-Maratha relations during the administration of Warren Hastings 1772–1785

4481: 4096: 4056: 800:, while the Peshwa's dominions included the territories that later became the 10612: 10561: 10448: 10243: 10216: 10189: 10167: 10145: 9912: 9895: 9880: 9724: 9677: 9665: 9591: 9483: 9357: 9352: 9327: 9209: 9038: 9033: 9018: 8962: 8147: 8056: 7828: 7730: 6490: 6349: 5882: 4489: 4442: 4105: 4064: 3975: 3584: 3201: 3148: 3006: 2980: 2867: 2713: 2653: 2609: 2560: 2482: 2408: 2382: 2328: 2312: 2224: 2216: 2109: 1866: 1731: 1572: 1516: 1374:, as in Delhi, the Marathas were now major players. After the 1758 Battle of 1355: 1325: 1156: 1125:, it was the seat of the Peshwa rulers of the Maratha Confederacy until 1818. 1118: 851:

The Maratha Confederacy is also referred to as the Maratha Empire. Historian

785: 765: 754: 715: 542: 358: 158: 9989: 9969: 8074: 8039: 3995: 1358:, brother of Nanasaheb, pushed into the wake of the Afghan withdrawal after 1270:, a village lying on the northern shore of Vasai creek, 50 km north of 827:. The stable borders of the confederacy after 1737 extended from modern-day 10602: 10453: 10194: 10184: 10150: 10079: 10074: 10001: 9791: 9773: 9734: 9729: 9709: 9704: 9576: 9569: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9443: 9381: 9362: 9347: 9283: 9008: 8398: 8393: 8275: 7770: 7601: 3647: 3602: 3593: 3575: 3546: 3336: 3322: 3318: 3185: 3104: 3098: 3094: 3065: 3031: 2883: 2828: 2824: 2703: 2391: 2366: 2337: 2288: 2272: 2263: 2148: 2125: 2040:. Tipu Sultan expressed his indignation and grief at the news of the raid: 1943:

in 1795 with all the major Maratha powers jointly fighting Nizam's forces.

1916: 1889: 1858: 1809: 1797: 1739: 1715: 1665: 1591: 1524: 1294: 1275: 1184: 1172: 1160: 962: 777: 769: 8273: 7721: 7704: 6991:

The Satara Raj, 1818–1848: A Study in History, Administration, and Culture

5628: 3053:

The Marathas used a secular policy of administration and allowed complete

1619:

The Marathas invaded Rohilkhand to avenge the Rohillas' atrocities in the

1579:

in the battles of Sira and Madgiri. He also rescued the last queen of the

914:(self-rule of Hindu people). He created an independent Maratha state with 10172: 10157: 10006: 9719: 9628: 9618: 9544: 9192: 9187: 9048: 9028: 9023: 9003: 8972: 8830: 8536: 8418: 8403: 8388: 8383: 8287: 7777:

Vartak, Malavika (8–14 May 1999). "Shivaji Maharaj: Growth of a Symbol".

6919:

The First Anglo-Maratha War, 1774–1783: A Military Study of Major Battles

5116: 4395:: This source establishes the Maratha control of Delhi before the British 3558: 3459: 3453: 3310: 3209: 3205: 3189: 3152: 3112: 3078: 2990: 2772: 2642: 2478: 2381:. They obliged him to enter into the Sunkli zamin or chain security (one 2353: 2346: 2324: 2284: 2228: 2187: 2160: 2100: 2022: 1966: 1862: 1821: 1817: 1785: 1758: 1703: 1668:, the Mughal Emperor spent six years in the Allahabad fort and after the 1647: 1634: 1567: 1418: 1329: 1321: 1045: 986: 967: 961:

In early 1689, Sambhaji called his commanders for a strategic meeting at

919: 915: 888: 828: 812: 731: 719: 696: 676: 649: 392: 331: 246: 146: 134: 6871:

Vijayanagara voices: exploring South Indian history and Hindu literature

6498: 6357: 5243: 4246: 2108:. The mural is a part of the Victory Memorial (Vijay Stambh) located at 1583:, who had been kept in confinement by Hyder Ali in the fort of Madgiri. 1179:

and a puppet of the Sayyid brothers, granted Shahu rights to collecting

10199: 10016: 9890: 9850: 9783: 9053: 8521: 8511: 8432: 8413: 8373: 7836: 7790: 7254: 6893:

Urban Politics in India: Area, Power, and Policy in a Penetrated System

6711:

The Trading World of Asia and the English East India Company: 1660–1760

6624:

From the Death of Shivaji to the Death of Aurangzeb: The Critical Years

6466: 6325: 5076:. Printed at the North-western Provinces' Government Press. p. 88. 3766:

The Peshwa between 1737 and 1761 and the Scindias between 1771 and 1803

3447: 3213: 3174: 2827:(1848), Jaitpur (1849) situated northeast of Jhansi, Sambalpur (1849), 2594: 2548: 2544: 2514: 2404: 1912: 1719: 1613: 1463: 1231: 238: 231: 3456:(1714 to 1760) – came to power by deposing his half-brother Shivaji II 2716:'s claim to the Peshwaship of the Maratha Confederacy resulted in the 2437:

The Maratha Confederacy, at its peak, encompassed a large area of the

1865:

acting on his dispatch. At the conclusion of the war, the frontier of

1738:

and the capture of Najibabad in 1772 and treaties with Mughal Emperor

1623:

war. The Marathas under the leadership of Mahadaji Shinde entered the

10089: 9860: 9744: 9714: 9495: 9369: 9160: 9013: 8546: 8541: 8526: 8491: 8486: 8408: 8305: 8066:

Pindari Society and the Establishment of British Paramountcy in India

7807:

Ahmad, Aziz; Krishnamurti, R. (1962). "Akbar: The Religious Aspect".

5770: 3689: 3367: 2936: 2855: 2684: 2662: 2661:

Arni, and Gingi, along with a share in his brother's principality of

2613: 2530: 2474: 2462: 2446: 2395: 2374: 2316: 2238: 2014: 1982: 1857:

drafted a treaty granting independence to the Sikh clans east of the

1711: 1576: 1560: 1540: 1466:, on the Mughal throne. By 1760, with the defeat of the Nizam in the 1455: 1382:

defeating the Afghan troops in the Battle of Peshawar on 8 May 1758.

1314:

brutal raids against the prosperous Bengali state in the 18th century

1298: 1247: 1223: 1136: 982: 975: 950: 934: 723: 684: 660:, similar to other contemporary Indian entities, though in practice, 268: 234: 74: 7820: 7246: 7036:. Vol. VII The Old Regime 1713–63. Cambridge: University Press. 6956:

Kincaid, Charles Augustus; Pārasanīsa, Dattātraya Baḷavanta (1925).

6858: 5539: 1100: 9490: 9273: 9231: 9170: 8556: 8506: 8496: 8300: 3643: 3394: 3361: 3321:

to serve in the British Indian Army. The 19th-century diplomat Sir

3237: 3144: 2955: 2891: 2683:, who succeeded Shivaji, was captured and subsequently executed by 2680: 2573: 2417: 2386: 2332: 2220: 2030: 2005: 1935:. Another achievement of the Marathas was their victories over the 1789: 1769: 1512: 1390: 1379: 1048:

of the Marathas. Balaji also gained the release of Shahu's mother,

1037: 1017: 1002: 955: 930: 657: 208: 190: 8123: 2140:

and the East India Company's abandonment of Raghunathrao's cause.

1654:

Barech sought assistance in an agreement formed with the Nawab of

9403: 9332: 9288: 9143: 9069: 8587: 8577: 8516: 8501: 8315: 8310: 8295: 8219:

Aurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most Controversial King

8187:

Journal of the Tanjore Maharaja Serfoji's Sarasvati Mahal Library

4419:"The Ulcer of the Mughal Empire: Mughals and Marathas, 1680–1707" 4169:

The Cambridge History of India. Volume 3 (III). Turks and Afghans

3907: 3905: 3878:

The Cambridge History of India. Volume 3 (III). Turks and Afghans

3589: 3580: 3522: 3441: 3381: 3355: 3193: 3136: 3132: 3108: 2997: 2951:, managing internal affairs especially intelligence and espionage 2862: 2502: 2425: 2413: 2341: 2320: 2212: 2026: 2001: 1924: 1885: 1825: 1620: 1609: 1490: 1447: 1443: 1421: 1171:, the Mughal governor of Deccan, and deposed the Mughal emperor, 1084: 1080: 1032:, the son of Sambhaji (and grandson of Shivaji), was released by 1029: 1021: 1009:, assumed control in the name of her son, Ramaraja (Shivaji II). 1006: 942: 899: 893: 832: 819:, whose intervention destroyed the confederacy by 1818 after the 781: 738: 707: 630: 507: 405: 379: 9204: 7966:(1968), Pune: Balwant Printers – English Translation of popular 7765:, vol. 18, Washington: Supreme Court of the United States, 4203:

The Raj and the Rajas : Money and Coinage in Colonial India

3928:(2nd ed.). London ; New York: Routledge. p. 803. 2817: 2793: 2761: 2734: 2696: 2674: 1849:(Regent of the empire) of Mughal affairs in 1784. Following the 1478: 880: 811:

After he was defeated by the Holkar dynasty in 1802, the Peshwa

115:

The Maratha Confederacy and its occupied territories during the

9236: 9111: 8428: 8340: 7705:"East-West Orientation of Historical Empires and Modern States" 7159:

Battles of the Honourable East India Company: Making of the Raj

7087:

Metcalfe, Charles Theophilus (1855). Kaye, John William (ed.).

6211: 3638: 3616: 3444:(1675–1761) (wife of Rajaram) in the name of her son Shivaji II 3249: 3232:

Maratha Gurab ships attacking a British East India Company ship

3197: 3128: 3116: 3082: 2943: 2931: 2915: 2899: 2657: 2526: 2518: 2466: 2442: 2421: 2378: 2361: 2309: 2293: 2172: 2050: 2037: 1920: 1843:

of the Maratha Confederacy, as Mahadaji Shinde was deputed the

1630: 1532: 1375: 1371: 1348: 1336: 1312:

from 1741 to 1748. The resurgent Maratha Confederacy launched

1271: 1219: 1211: 1199: 1180: 1076: 840: 742: 668:

were largely influenced by the Marathas between 1737 and 1803.

622: 614: 428: 294: 7364:

War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740–1849

4782: 3974:

Upton, Clive; Kretzschmar, William A.; Konopka, Rafal (2001).

3902: 3543:(13 Dec 1772 – 30 Aug 1773) (born 10 Aug 1755, d. 30 Aug 1773) 2567:, Safdarjung, and the Mughals gave the Marathas the chauth of 2429:

or five stones representing the five Kolis who were executed.

1915:, a Mughal noble who resisted the Marathas. The Rohilla chief 9870: 5764: 4376: 4374: 4372: 3926:

The Routledge dictionary of pronunciation for current English

3725: 3620: 3509: 3124: 3120: 2605: 2578: 2522: 2510: 2450: 2399: 1936: 1881: 1833: 1625: 1317: 1286: 1267: 1255: 1243: 1215: 1207: 1203: 1164: 1064: 761: 727: 665: 594: 503: 499: 495: 170: 100: 7703:

Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D. (2006).

7385:

India's Historic Battles: From Alexander the Great to Kargil

6861:

The Indian Empire, Economic (Chapter X: Famine, pp. 475–502)

4464:

Clingingsmith, David; Williamson, Jeffrey G. (1 July 2008).

3531:(4 Jul 1740 – 23 Jun 1761) (born 8 Dec 1721, d. 23 Jun 1761) 3077:

The Marathas carried out many sea raids, such as plundering

2593:. The Afghans numbered around 25,000–30,000 and were led by 1527:

lost the battle, which halted their imperial expansion. The

1502:

Maratha armour from Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia

7180:

English Writing and India, 1600–1920: Colonizing Aesthetics

5718: 5478:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 169–171. 4620: 4351:(Indian rule), a term in use in Marathi sources of history. 3731: 3716: 3624: 3196:. It has been noted that vessels built in the dockyards of 3164: 2582: 2568: 2458: 2454: 2370: 2113: 2029:, which were exchanged between Tipu Sultan's court and the 1697: 1691: 1659: 1655: 1557: 1548: 1122: 1068: 9080: 7759:

United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals (1930),

5475:

The Marathas - Cambridge History of India (Vol. 2, Part 4)

5349: 5347: 5053: 5051: 4550:

The Marathas - Cambridge History of India (Vol. 2, Part 4)

4546: 4369: 3977:

The Oxford dictionary of pronunciation for current English

3953:(2nd ed.). Detroit, Mich: Omnigraphics. p. 633. 2151:

in his court in 1790, concluding a treaty with the British

2036:

were discovered in 1916 by the Director of Archaeology in

1939:

of Hyderabad's armies.The last of these took place at the

1734:) re-established the Marathas in northern India. With the 1700:

to choose the next Peshwa forced the Marathas to retreat.

652:. Following this, the Marathas continued to recognise the 6247: 5938: 5492: 5202: 5200: 5136:

A Comprehensive History of India: Volume Nine (1712–1772)

5133: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4818: 4172:. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University press. p. 395. 3881:. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University press. p. 394. 1528: 6851:

Relations Between the French and the Marathas: 1668–1815

6293: 5864:. New Delhi: Shubhada Saraswat Publications. p. 26. 5737:

United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals (1930)

5598: 5596: 5443: 5441: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4932: 4806: 4794: 4743: 4359: 4357: 4084:

Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient

3565: 1861:

in exchange for their allegiance to the British General

1612:

for their involvement in Panipat. Their army devastated

1230:

After Balaji Vishwanath's death in April 1720, his son,

7101:

Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707–1813

7065:

Bengal: The British Bridgehead: Eastern India 1740–1828

6645:

A Military History of Britain: from 1775 to the Present

6556: 6544: 6458: 5926: 5694: 5344: 5048: 4966: 4964: 4704: 4692: 4463: 3973: 3555:(1774 – 27 Oct 1795) (born 18 Apr 1774, d. 27 Oct 1795) 3537:(1761 – 18 Nov 1772) (born 16 Feb 1745, d. 18 Nov 1772) 3397:

II (nominally, grandson of Rajaram and Queen Tarabai) (

2748:. The Maratha frontier was expanded all the way to the 1401:

During the Maratha invasion of Rohilkhand in the 1750s

970:, were taken to Bahadurgad by the imperial army, where 884:

Early Maratha conquests, in Shivaji's and Shahji's time

6407: 6317: 5800:

History and Collective Memory in South Asia, 1200–2000

5274: 5197: 5038: 5036: 5034: 4944: 4755: 4656: 4608: 4584: 3549:(5 Dec 1773 – 1774) (born 18 Aug 1734, d. 11 Dec 1783) 3344: 679:. Shivaji's monarchy was initially referred to as the 10574: 6520: 6448: 6446: 6431: 6419: 6305: 6174: 5682: 5593: 5569: 5564:

Annual Report of the Mysore Archaeological Department

5545: 5438: 5414: 5402: 5069: 4976: 4354: 3740: 2878:

Gold coins minted during Shivaji's era, 17th century.

2066:

The Maratha Confederacy soon allied with the British

1484:

Signature Maratha helmet with curved back, front view

6281: 6223: 5742: 5706: 5621:

The Indian Ocean in the Making of Early Modern India

5286: 5262: 5250: 5019: 5007: 4995: 4961: 4910: 4908: 4893: 4830: 4772: 4770: 4721: 4719: 4644: 4632: 4574: 4572: 4557: 4398: 4147: 3728: 3722: 2004:

of the Maratha army raided and looted the temple of

1496:

Signature Maratha helmet with curved back, side view

737:

After Aurangzeb's death in 1707, Shivaji's grandson

5962: 5581: 5453: 5031: 4731: 4680: 4596: 4338: 3847: 3719: 3713: 3462:(1760–1812) (adopted from the family of Khanwilkar) 3317:in 1818, Britain listed the Marathas as one of the 2104:A mural depicting the British surrender during the 1304:After the successful campaign of Karnataka and the 1040:by Shahu and Tarabai respectively. Shahu appointed 7134: 6890: 6532: 6443: 5950: 5912:. New Delhi: Popular Prakashan. pp. 207–210. 5426: 5191:History of Modern India: 1707 A.D. up to 2000 A.D. 5156: 4920: 4859: 4857: 4386: 2983:, dispensing justice on civil and criminal matters 2352:In the year 1776, a large number of the Shelkande 843:in the east or about a third of the subcontinent. 7806: 7643:Administrative System in India: Vedic Age to 1947 6955: 6809:Poona in the eighteenth century: an urban history 5115: 4905: 4881: 4869: 4842: 4767: 4716: 4668: 4569: 4235:Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute 3665:List of battles involving the Maratha Confederacy 3151:, for example, included 5,000 Arabs. The army of 2858:fort, one of the earliest forts built by Shivaji. 2168: 2025:for help. A bunch of about 30 letters written in 1931:to crush the forces of Jaipur and Jodhpur at the 1780:In a bid to effectively manage the large empire, 1776:restored the Maratha domination of northern India 10610: 7859:Bhosle, Prince Pratap Sinh Serfoji Raje (2017). 7702: 7273:Encyclopaedic History of Indian Freedom Movement 6384: 6382: 5121:The Rise of the Indo-Afghan Empire: c. 1710–1780 4324:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 120–131. 3980:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 622. 3923: 3911: 2720:, ultimately concluding with the signing of the 2136:ended in 1782 with a restoration of the pre-war 1308:, Raghuji returned from Karnataka. He undertook 922:(sovereign) of the new Maratha Kingdom in 1674. 8084:Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India 8032:The Sea Hawk: Life and Battles of Kanoji Angrey 7481:Fall of the Mughal Empire: 1754–1771. (Panipat) 6970:Marathas and the Marathas Country: The Marathas 6757: 6648:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group. 6217: 4854: 3806:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 360. 3503: 2973:, to manage relationships with other sovereigns 2963:, managing the forces and defense of the Empire 7498:. Vol. I (4th ed.). Orient Longman. 7448:A History of Modern India ...: Marathi Riyasat 5471: 3924:Upton, Clive; Kretzschmar, William A. (2017). 3826: 875: 466:• Dissolution of the Maratha Confederacy 10669:States and territories disestablished in 1818 9096: 8259: 6859:Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III (1907), 6379: 5909:Indian Sociology Through Ghurye, a Dictionary 5830:Environment and Ethnicity in India, 1200–1991 4506:Rise and Fall of The Maratha Empire 1750-1818 4015:Rise and Fall of The Maratha Empire 1750-1818 1571:by the early 1770s. Madhav Rao I crossed the 10553:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy 8104:Aspects of Manuscript Culture in South India 8051:, Berkeley: University of California Press, 8022:The History and Culture of the Indian People 7945:Advance Study in the History of Modern India 7681: 7047:The History and Culture of the Indian People 6198:Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University 5724: 5533: 5359: 5098: 3561:(6 Dec 1796 – 3 Jun 1818) (died 28 Jan 1851) 3260:was shocked when Maratha commander-in-chief 2049:Tipu Sultan immediately ordered the Asaf of 1896:ceded Haryana on 30 December 1803 under the 902:(1630–1680) was a Maratha aristocrat of the 7883:Women, Gender and Art in Asia, c. 1500–1900 7762:Court of Customs and Patent Appeals Reports 6393:. Manchester University Press. p. 17. 6158:An Historical Atlas of the Indian Peninsula 6133:An Historical Atlas of the Indian Peninsula 6108:An Historical Atlas of the Indian Peninsula 6083:An Historical Atlas of the Indian Peninsula 6058:An Historical Atlas of the Indian Peninsula 6033:An Historical Atlas of the Indian Peninsula 6008:An Historical Atlas of the Indian Peninsula 5983:An Historical Atlas of the Indian Peninsula 3013:With the notable exception of the priestly 2533:. They built up the large empire in India. 691:-speaking peasantry group from the western 487:2,500,000 km (970,000 sq mi) 10664:States and territories established in 1674 9103: 9089: 8266: 8252: 8198:Women's Travel Writings in India 1777–1854 8169:. Vol. 2. Bombay: Popular Prakashan. 8062: 7920: 7599: 7540:An Atlas and Survey of South Asian History 7484:. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). M.C. Sarkar. 7430:(Paperback ed.). Rupa & Company. 7402: 7129: 6897:. University of California Press. p. 6761:; Garrett, Herbert Leonard Offley (1995). 6550: 5944: 5827:Guha, Sumit; Guha, Lecturer Sumit (1999). 5379: 5232:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 5134:A. C. Banerjee; D. K. Ghose, eds. (1978). 4824: 4502: 4263:Anglo-Maratha Relations, 1785-96, Volume 2 4011: 2841: 2816: 2792: 2760: 2733: 2695: 2673: 2652:of Goa, Chaul, Salsette, and Bassein, the 2641: 2255:describes 1818 as a watershed year in the 1696:demise of the Peshwa and the civil war in 722:as his capital. The religious attitude of 109: 7737: 7720: 7040: 6966: 6767:. Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Dist. 6704: 6683: 6299: 6253: 5540:Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III 1907 5447: 5420: 5385: 5365: 5353: 5187: 4938: 4095: 2469:. The confederacy collected defeated the 2327:revolted against the Peshwa and captured 1796:rulers and regents for the infant Peshwa 1633:Najib-ud-Daula which was held by his son 1600:or vice-regent of the Empire and that of 699:) who rose to prominence by establishing 8215: 8194: 8046: 8015: 7862:Contributions of Thanjavur Maratha Kings 7682:Trivedi, Harish; Allen, Richard (2000). 7455: 7444: 7339: 7290: 7155: 7086: 7058: 7052:Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Educational Trust 7050:. Vol. 8 The Maratha Supremacy. Mumbai: 6987: 6847: 6781: 6562: 6526: 6437: 6180: 5874: 5826: 5510: 5057: 4955: 4698: 4662: 4590: 4226: 3853: 3833:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 75. 3289:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington 3278: 3227: 3173: 2873: 2861: 2850: 2619: 2535: 2505:kingdoms of South India. They extracted 2237: 2192: 2142: 2099: 1855:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington 1768: 1753: 1408: 1262:was fought between the Marathas and the 1242:of Hyderabad. The Marathas defeated the 1189: 1130: 1011: 887: 879: 10377: 8183: 8029: 7948:. Vol. 1: 1707–1803. Lotus Press. 7941: 7660: 7536: 7423: 7269: 7232: 7029: 6867: 6802: 6578: 6160:. Oxford University Press. p. 66. 6135:. Oxford University Press. p. 60. 6110:. Oxford University Press. p. 58. 6085:. Oxford University Press. p. 54. 6060:. Oxford University Press. p. 52. 6035:. Oxford University Press. p. 50. 6010:. Oxford University Press. p. 48. 5985:. Oxford University Press. p. 48. 5932: 5700: 5280: 5229: 5206: 4989: 4788: 4614: 4533:A Comprehensive History Of India Vol. 9 4416: 4380: 4363: 4290: 4166:Haig L, t-Colonel Sir Wolseley (1967). 4077: 3948: 3875:Haig L, t-Colonel Sir Wolseley (1967). 2654:Abyssinian pirate stronghold of Janjira 2292:Dhondo Gopal, the Peshwa's governor at 2085: 14: 10611: 7858: 7776: 7622:War Despatches: Indo-Pak Conflict 1965 7607:Glimpses of Life and Manners in Persia 7512: 7488: 7474: 7318: 7118: 6915: 6732: 6662: 6464: 6413: 6323: 6311: 6155: 6130: 6105: 6080: 6055: 6030: 6005: 5980: 5905: 5760: 5688: 5602: 5587: 5432: 5408: 5395:. Vol. I. pp. 269–279, 319. 5292: 5268: 5256: 5042: 4926: 4638: 4626: 4503:Nandakumar, Sanish (7 February 2020). 4392: 4317: 4232: 4165: 4153: 4038: 4012:Nandakumar, Sanish (7 February 2020). 3874: 2911:, general administration of the Empire 2740:In 1795, the Marathas overwhelmed the 1946: 9084: 8247: 8080: 7994: 7639: 7618: 7211: 7197: 7176: 7097: 6888: 6826: 6641: 6620: 6599: 6538: 6477:(1). Taylor & Francis, Ltd.: 34. 6467:"Wellington and the Marathas in 1803" 6425: 6336:(1). Taylor & Francis, Ltd.: 38. 6326:"Wellington and the Marathas in 1803" 6287: 6229: 6194:"Introduction to Rise of the Maratha" 6186: 5748: 5712: 5614: 5575: 5551: 5498: 5459: 5316: 5102:Maratha Policy Towards Northern India 5025: 5013: 5001: 4899: 4836: 4812: 4800: 4761: 4749: 4737: 4710: 4686: 4674: 4650: 4602: 4563: 4344: 4220: 4122: 4078:Vendell, Dominic (26 November 2021). 4007: 4005: 3799: 3752: 3566:Federal houses of Maratha Confederacy 3391:) (alias Shivaji II, son of Sambhaji) 2993:, managing internal religious matters 1965:The Marathas came into conflict with 8100: 8069:, Madison: University of Wisconsin, 7973: 7879: 6388: 5857: 5797: 5763:The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the 4199: 4039:Gordon, Stewart N. (February 1977). 3274: 1911:In 1788, Mahadaji's armies defeated 1368:Maratha conquest of North-west India 768:from 1721 till 1818. These were the 8162: 8121: 7585:. Macmillan India. pp. 1941–. 7582:An Advanced History of Modern India 7578: 7557: 7381: 7360: 7297:The Indian Princes and their States 7218:. National Book Trust. p. 21. 7008: 6936: 6452: 6241: 5968: 5956: 5304: 5105:. Meenakshi Prakashan. p. 158. 4970: 4914: 4887: 4875: 4863: 4848: 4776: 4725: 4578: 4404: 4318:Gordon, Stewart (1 February 2007). 4297:. Shubhi Publications. p. 82. 4259: 3345:Rulers, administrators and generals 2246:with the British East India Company 2092:Anglo-Maratha Wars (disambiguation) 1681:to drive them out. In retaliation, 1547:, who quit the Maratha alliance at 1366:. This laid the foundation for the 815:sought protection from the British 27:Indian political entity (1674–1818) 24: 8184:Serfoji, Tanjore Maharaja (1979). 7799: 7445:Sardesai, Govind Sakharam (1935). 7322:The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia 7302:The New Cambridge History of India 4002: 3223: 3184:Some historians have credited the 2585:. In 1758, Marathas started their 2441:. At its zenith, it expanded from 2296:, he surrendered all his forts to 1749: 1536:united in the name of religion." 703:(meaning "self-rule of Hindus"). 25: 10680: 7709:Journal of World-Systems Research 7600:Sheil, Lady Mary Leonora Woulfe; 7519:A History of Jaipur: C. 1503–1938 7409:. New Delhi: Anmol Publications. 7403:Saini, A.K; Chand, Hukam (n.d.). 7276:. New Delhi: Anmol Publications. 7212:Pagdi, Setumadhavarao S. (1993). 7207:. Delhi: Oxford University Press. 7122:Haryana: A Historical Perspective 5670:from the original on 23 June 2022 5087:The Great Maratha Mahadji Scindia 4529: 3827:Chattopadhyaya, Sudhakar (1978). 3236:The Maratha Army, especially its 3188:for laying the foundation of the 2927:, managing accounts of the Empire 2846: 2612:were under the suzerainty of the 1052:, from Mughal captivity in 1719. 621:. It comprised the realms of the 10596: 10584: 8274: 8166:Anglo-Maratha Relations, 1785–96 8087:, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd, 7033:The New Cambridge Modern History 6868:Jackson, William Joseph (2005). 6606:. University of Nebraska Press. 6471:The International History Review 6330:The International History Review 6270: 6259: 6156:Davies, Cuthbert Collin (1959). 6149: 6131:Davies, Cuthbert Collin (1959). 6124: 6106:Davies, Cuthbert Collin (1959). 6099: 6081:Davies, Cuthbert Collin (1959). 6074: 6056:Davies, Cuthbert Collin (1959). 6049: 6031:Davies, Cuthbert Collin (1959). 6024: 6006:Davies, Cuthbert Collin (1959). 5999: 5981:Davies, Cuthbert Collin (1959). 5974: 5899: 5868: 5851: 5820: 5791: 5754: 5652: 5619:. In Malekandathil, Pius (ed.). 5608: 5557: 5528:Anglo-Maratha relations, 1785–96 5520: 5188:Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (1947). 4547:New Cambridge History of India. 4470:Explorations in Economic History 4417:Osborne, Eric W. (3 July 2020). 3912:Turchin, Adams & Hall (2006) 3709: 1765:of the Maratha Confederacy,1760. 1489: 1477: 1196:military campaigns and conquests 1108: 1099: 1059:expanded the kingdom eastwards. 574: 549: 535: 66: 54: 10629:1818 disestablishments in India 7980:. Manchester University Press. 7325:. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. 7119:Mittal, Satish Chandra (1986). 6571: 5465: 5310: 5298: 5223: 5212: 5181: 5150: 5127: 5109: 5092: 5080: 5063: 4540: 4523: 4496: 4457: 4410: 4311: 4284: 4253: 4214: 4193: 4159: 4116: 4071: 4032: 3769: 3760: 3701: 3682: 3425: 3412: 3399: 3386: 3349: 2543:The Marathas were requested by 2242:Peshwa Baji Rao II signing the 1590:recaptured Delhi and installed 1328:and during their occupation of 1024:, and the second Maratha ruler. 846: 671:Although Shivaji came from the 10654:Former countries in South Asia 8917:Maratha-Mughal War of 27 years 7964:Shivaji the Great, Janata Raja 7865:(2nd ed.). Notion Press. 7646:. APH Publishing. p. 93. 7346:. Cambridge University Press. 7304:. Cambridge University Press. 7093:. London: Smith, Elder and Co. 6782:Farooqui, Salma Ahmed (2011). 6733:Cooper, Randolf G. S. (2003). 6669:. Asian Educational Services. 6603:The State at War in South Asia 6465:Cooper, Randolf G. S. (1989). 6324:Cooper, Randolf G. S. (1989). 5878:Histories for the Subordinated 5804:University of Washington Press 5761:Hassan, Syed Siraj ul (1989). 5317:Ahmed, Farooqui Salma (2011). 5070:Edwin Thomas Atkinson (1875). 4260:Sen, Sailendra (5 June 1994). 3967: 3949:Bollard, John K., ed. (1998). 3942: 3917: 3868: 3859: 3820: 3793: 2360:village, revolted against the 1872:Mahadaji Shinde had conquered 1028:After Aurangzeb died in 1707, 859:Although at present, the word 460:5 November 1817 – 9 April 1819 13: 1: 10639:Empires and kingdoms of India 8222:, Stanford University Press, 8063:McEldowney, Philip F (1966), 7779:Economic and Political Weekly 7564:(3rd ed.). The New Age. 7162:. New Delhi: APH Publishing. 6483:10.1080/07075332.1989.9640499 6342:10.1080/07075332.1989.9640499 6218:Edwardes & Garrett (1995) 4435:10.1080/09592318.2020.1764711 4423:Small Wars & Insurgencies 3865:Kincaid & Parasnis, p.156 3782: 3147:, and Europeans. The army of 2278: 2169:Kincaid & Pārasanīsa 1925 2053:to supply the Swami with 200 1884:from the governor of Hissar. 1425: 1240:Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I 1090: 753:in 1761, at the hands of the 237:with a restricted monarchial 217:Other religions in South Asia 10624:1674 establishments in India 8163:Sen, Sailendra Nath (1994). 8081:Mehta, Jaswant Lal (2009) , 7906:. Disha Publications. 2017. 7809:The Journal of Asian Studies 7579:Sen, Sailendra Nath (2010). 7235:The Journal of Asian Studies 7137:A Concise History of Warfare 3787: 3553:Sawai Madhava Rao II Narayan 3504:Peshwas from the Bhat family 3155:included the Pinto brothers 2432: 1869:was extended to the Yamuna. 1434:In 1760, the Marathas under 718:to carve out a kingdom with 187:(court language, literature) 7: 9110: 8466:Jagjivanrao Pant Pratinidhi 8047:McDonald, Ellen E. (1968), 8030:Manohar, Malgonkar (1959). 7098:Mehta, Jaswant Lal (2005). 7030:Lindsay, J.O., ed. (1967). 6874:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 6812:. Oxford University Press. 6788:. Pearson Education India. 6666:Delhi, the Capital of India 5906:Pillai, S. Devadas (1997). 5615:KADAM, UMESH ASHOK (2016). 5323:. Pearson Education India. 5157:Sailendra Nath Sen (1998). 3658: 3479:Nilakanth Moreshvar Pingale 3088: 1310:six expeditions into Bengal 1274:. The Marathas were led by 1175:. The new teenage emperor, 876:Shivaji and his descendants 710:, who revolted against the 625:and four major independent 408:as the legitimate ruler by 10: 10685: 8461:Shripatrao Pant Pratinidhi 7921:Chaturvedi, R. P. (2010). 7458:Shivaji, the great Maratha 7427:Splendours of Royal Mysore 7340:Richards, John F. (1995). 7070:Cambridge University Press 6988:Kulkarni, Sumitra (1995). 6962:. Vol. III. S. Chand. 6804:Gokhale, Balkrishna Govind 6759:Edwardes, Stephen Meredyth 6741:Cambridge University Press 6716:Cambridge University Press 5835:Cambridge University Press 5775:Asian Educational Services 5725:Trivedi & Allen (2000) 5566:1916 pp. 10–11, 73–76 3830:Reflections on the Tantras 3497:Parshuram Trimbak Kulkarni 3466: 3092: 2706:to the borders of Bengal. 2323:, due to which the Chivhe 2122:British East India Company 2089: 1950: 1902:British East India Company 1824:river. The strong fort of 1335:Raghuji was able to annex 1087:) expanded it northwards. 870: 606:, also referred to as the 10546: 10498: 10015: 9419: 9118: 9062: 8996: 8945: 8909: 8606: 8570: 8474: 8451:Parshuram Pant Pratinidhi 8427: 8339: 8286: 8216:Truschke, Audrey (2017), 8140:10.1017/S0026749X11000825 7880:Bose, MeliaBelli (2017). 7619:Singh, Harbakhsh (2011). 7537:Schmidt, Karl J. (2015). 7495:Fall of the Mughal Empire 7406:History of Medieval India 7177:Nayar, Pramod K. (2008). 6967:Kulakarṇī, A. Rā (1996). 6940:Military history of India 6889:Jones, Rodney W. (1974). 6582:Studies in Mughal History 6579:Agrawal, Ashvini (1983). 5340:– via Google Books. 4482:10.1016/j.eeh.2007.11.002 4291:Gokhale, Sandhya (2008). 4097:10.1163/15685209-12341554 4057:10.1017/S0026749X00013202 2457:in the east. It bordered 1898:Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon 1828:was then in the hands of 1387:Hall of Private Audiences 999:Parshuram Pant Pratinidhi 590: 514: 491: 483: 478: 474: 464: 451: 438: 421: 402: 389: 376: 372: 364: 354: 350: 337: 322: 307: 303: 293: 289: 274: 259: 255: 245: 222: 200: 177: 124: 108: 83: 50: 45: 34: 8932:Second Anglo-Maratha War 8122:Roy, Tirthankar (2013). 7886:. Taylor & Francis. 7744:. Taylor & Francis. 7661:Stewart, Gordon (1993). 7424:Sampath, Vikram (2008). 7367:. Taylor & Francis. 7042:Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra 6848:Hatalkar, V. G. (1958). 6827:Hasan, Mohibbul (2005). 6684:Chaurasia, R.S. (2004). 6627:. Northern Book Centre. 6551:Sheil & Sheil (1856) 5945:Saini & Chand (n.d.) 5875:Hardiman, David (2007). 4206:. Taylor & Francis. 4123:Kumar, Ravinder (2013). 3675: 3169:Conspiracy of the Pintos 3034:. They later became the 2939:, preparing royal edicts 2894:language and comprised: 2777:Second Anglo-Maratha War 2685:Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb 2319:who was an anti koli as 2202:Second Anglo-Maratha War 2177:Second Anglo-Maratha War 2074:) against Mysore in the 1957:Sringeri Sharada Peetham 1851:Second Anglo-Maratha War 1736:Capture of Delhi in 1771 1378:, the Marathas captured 1163:under Balaji marched to 825:Third Anglo-Maratha Wars 8937:Third Anglo-Maratha War 8927:First Anglo-Maratha War 8349:Moropant Trimbak Pingle 8195:Thompson, Carl (2020). 7456:Sardesai, H.S. (2002). 7156:Naravane, M.S. (2006). 7131:Montgomery, Bernard Law 6994:. Mittal Publications. 6690:. New Delhi: Atlantic. 6687:History of the Marathas 6600:Barua, Pradeep (2005). 6585:. Motilal Banarsidass. 5662:Encyclopædia Britannica 5472:Stewart Gordon (1993). 5140:Indian History Congress 5089:by N. G. Rathod pp. 8–9 4791:, pp. 24, 200–202. 3473:Moropant Trimbak Pingle 3315:Third Anglo-Maratha war 2842:Government and military 2801:Third Anglo-Maratha war 2718:First Anglo-Maratha War 2708:The involvement of the 2209:Third Anglo-Maratha War 2134:First Anglo-Maratha War 2106:First Anglo-Maratha War 2080:Fourth Anglo-Mysore War 1687:Visaji Krushna Biniwale 1662:attacked the Rohillas. 1521:Third Battle of Panipat 835:in the north after the 455:Third Anglo-Maratha War 178:Official languages 8441:Ramchandra Pant Amatya 8359:Ramchandra Pant Amatya 7942:Chhabra, G.S. (2005). 7851:Apte, B.K. (editor) – 7738:Sridharan, K. (2000). 7664:The Marathas 1600–1818 7460:. Cosmo Publications. 7319:Rathod, N. G. (1994). 7125:. New Delhi: Atlantic. 6916:Kantak, M. R. (1993). 6833:. Delhi: Aakar Books. 6830:History of Tipu Sultan 6642:Black, Jeremy (2006). 5858:Gāre, Govinda (1976). 4321:The Marathas 1600–1818 3750:Marathi pronunciation: 3485:Ramchandra Pant Amatya 3342: 3308: 3284: 3272: 3233: 3181: 3075: 2879: 2871: 2859: 2650:Portuguese possessions 2540: 2247: 2204: 2152: 2117: 2047: 1777: 1766: 1431: 1407: 1399: 1351:for Bengal and Bihar. 1227: 1144: 1055:During Shahu's reign, 1025: 929:Shivaji had two sons: 896: 885: 687:. The Marathas were a 423:• Appointment of 404:• Recognition of 10649:Former confederations 10523:Medieval great powers 8239:(Cambridge UP, 1986). 8101:Rath, Saraju (2012). 7974:Gash, Norman (1990). 7722:10.5195/JWSR.2006.369 7685:Literature and Nation 7382:Roy, Kaushik (2004). 7361:Roy, Kaushik (2011). 6973:. Books & Books. 6943:. Calcutta: Firma KLM 6922:. Popular Prakashan. 6663:Capper, John (1997). 6621:Bhave, Y. G. (2000). 6389:Gash, Norman (1990). 5629:10.4324/9781315276809 5123:. Brill. p. 178. 5099:Poonam Sagar (1993). 4629:, pp. 1126–1134. 4266:. Popular Prakashan. 4200:Garg, Sanjay (2022). 3800:Madan, T. N. (1988). 3327: 3304: 3282: 3267: 3258:Sardar Shah Wali Khan 3231: 3177: 3070: 3066:internal intelligence 2877: 2865: 2854: 2799:During the final and 2620:Territorial evolution 2539: 2241: 2215:(Marat, near Kanpur, 2196: 2181:Battle of Delhi, 1803 2146: 2103: 2090:Further information: 2042: 1979:treaty of Gajendragad 1951:Further information: 1906:Company rule in India 1814:Battle of Gajendragad 1788:, various chiefs and 1772: 1757: 1581:Keladi Nayaka Kingdom 1575:in 1767 and defeated 1412: 1403: 1395: 1258:to the Marathas. The 1193: 1134: 1015: 891: 883: 570:Company rule in India 378:• Coronation of 10533:European colonialism 10518:Ancient great powers 8128:Modern Asian Studies 7995:Ghazi, M.A. (2002). 7688:. Psychology Press. 7640:Singh, U.B. (1998). 7561:History Modern India 7522:. Orient Blackswan. 7388:. Orient Blackswan. 7292:Ramusack, Barbara N. 7270:Prakash, Om (2002). 6764:Mughal Rule in India 5798:Guha, Sumit (2019). 5660:"Battle of Wadgaon, 4045:Modern Asian Studies 3754:[məˈɾaːʈʰaː] 3007:Ashta Pradhan Mandal 2888:The Council of Eight 2439:Indian sub-continent 2086:British intervention 1759:Constituent kingdoms 1706:'s victory over the 908:Sultanate of Bijapur 648:in 1707 following a 10619:Maratha Confederacy 10528:Modern great powers 8751:Invasions of Bengal 8571:Maratha Confederacy 8280:Maratha Confederacy 8001:. New Delhi: Adam. 7927:. Upkar Prakashan. 7924:Great Personalities 7009:Lee, Wayne (2011). 6937:Kar, H. C. (1980). 6854:. T.V. Chidambaran. 6706:Chaudhuri, Kirti N. 5837:. pp. 83–105. 5501:, pp. 105–107. 5375:. pp. 264–267. 4815:, pp. 169–245. 4803:, pp. 492–494. 4752:, pp. 101–103. 4536:. pp. 512–523. 4383:, pp. 221–235. 3055:freedom of religion 2587:north-west conquest 2571:in addition to the 2509:from the rulers in 2471:Sultanate of Mysore 2315:had appointed Abha 1953:Maratha–Mysore Wars 1947:Maratha–Mysore Wars 1832:, the Jat ruler of 1452:Govind Pant Bundele 1424:by Shivram Chitari 1202:from the rulers in 650:prolonged rebellion 635:Maratha Chhatrapati 619:Indian subcontinent 604:Maratha Confederacy 36:Maratha Confederacy 10634:Dynasties of India 8983:Nizam of Hyderabad 8922:Maratha–Mysore War 8598:Patwardhan dynasty 8588:Scindia of Gwalior 7204:Discovery of India 3541:Narayanrao Bajirao 3285: 3242:Duke of Wellington 3234: 3182: 3048:East India Company 3009:but equal to them. 3003:Personal Secretary 2961:Commander-in-Chief 2880: 2872: 2866:Maratha darbar or 2860: 2742:Nizam of Hyderabad 2599:Ahmad Shah Durrani 2557:Moradabad division 2541: 2487:Nizam of Hyderabad 2248: 2205: 2157:Yashwantrao Holkar 2153: 2118: 2068:East India Company 1975:Maratha–Mysore War 1894:Daulat Rao Scindia 1778: 1767: 1728:Moradabad division 1708:Nizam of Hyderabad 1509:Ahmad Shah Durrani 1432: 1228: 1169:Sayyid Hussain Ali 1153:Treaty of Lonavala 1145: 1026: 972:they were executed 897: 886: 817:East India Company 732:Maratha insurgency 712:Adil Shahi dynasty 637:and recognised by 117:Afghan–Maratha War 10572: 10571: 10494: 10493: 10459:Polish–Lithuanian 9634:Gurjara-Pratihara 9078: 9077: 8978:Portuguese Empire 8583:Gaekwad of Baroda 8578:Bhonsle of Nagpur 8369:Balaji Vishwanath 8354:Moreshvar Pingale 8229:978-1-5036-0259-5 8208:978-1-315-47311-6 8176:978-81-7154-789-0 8114:978-90-04-21900-7 8094:978-81-207-1015-3 8008:978-81-7435-400-6 7987:978-0-7190-2974-5 7962:Desai, Ranjeet – 7955:978-81-89093-06-8 7934:978-81-7482-061-7 7913:978-93-84583-48-4 7893:978-1-351-53655-4 7872:978-1-948230-95-7 7785:(19): 1126–1134. 7751:978-81-224-1245-1 7695:978-0-415-21207-6 7674:978-0-521-03316-9 7653:978-81-7024-928-3 7632:978-1-935501-29-9 7602:Sheil, Sir Justin 7592:978-0-230-32885-3 7571:978-81-224-1774-6 7558:Sen, S.N (2006). 7550:978-1-317-47681-8 7529:978-81-250-0333-5 7505:978-81-250-1149-1 7467:978-81-7755-286-7 7437:978-81-291-1535-5 7416:978-81-261-2313-1 7395:978-81-7824-109-8 7374:978-1-136-79087-4 7353:978-0-521-56603-2 7343:The Mughal Empire 7332:978-81-85431-52-9 7311:978-1-139-44908-3 7283:978-81-261-0938-8 7199:Nehru, Jawaharlal 7190:978-1-134-13150-1 7169:978-81-313-0034-3 7111:978-1-932705-54-6 7079:978-0-521-02822-6 7022:978-0-8147-6527-2 7001:978-81-7099-581-4 6980:978-81-85016-50-4 6929:978-81-7154-696-1 6908:978-0-520-02545-5 6881:978-0-7546-3950-3 6840:978-81-87879-57-2 6819:978-0-19-562137-2 6795:978-81-317-3202-1 6774:978-81-7156-551-1 6750:978-0-521-82444-6 6725:978-0-521-03159-2 6697:978-81-269-0394-8 6676:978-81-206-1282-2 6655:978-0-275-99039-8 6634:978-81-7211-100-7 6400:978-0-7190-2974-5 6167:978-0-19-635139-1 6142:978-0-19-635139-1 6117:978-0-19-635139-1 6092:978-0-19-635139-1 6067:978-0-19-635139-1 6042:978-0-19-635139-1 6017:978-0-19-635139-1 5992:978-0-19-635139-1 5919:978-81-7154-807-1 5892:978-1-905422-38-8 5844:978-0-521-64078-7 5813:978-0-295-74623-4 5784:978-81-206-0488-9 5638:978-1-315-27680-9 5387:Wellesley, Arthur 5367:Wellesley, Arthur 5165:Popular Prakashan 5146:. pp. 60–61. 5117:Jos J. L. Gommans 4973:, pp. 80–81. 4825:Montgomery (1972) 4764:, pp. 38–39. 4713:, p. 53,706. 4530:Ghosh, D. K. Ed. 4516:978-1-64783-961-1 4331:978-0-521-03316-9 4304:978-81-8290-132-2 4273:978-81-7154-789-0 4136:978-1-135-03146-6 4025:978-1-64783-961-1 3987:978-0-19-863156-9 3960:978-0-7808-0098-4 3935:978-1-138-12566-7 3840:978-81-208-0691-7 3813:978-81-208-0527-9 3517:Balaji Vishwanath 3275:European accounts 3246:Ahmad Shah Abdali 3017:and the judicial 2949:Interior Minister 2839: 2838: 2769:Treaty of Bassein 2750:Tungabhadra River 2710:Bombay Government 2591:Ahmed Shah Abdali 2553:Bareilly division 2394:was appointed as 2287:under their Naik 2244:Treaty of Bassein 2130:Battle of Wadgaon 2096:Anglo-Mysore Wars 2076:Anglo-Mysore Wars 2072:Bengal Presidency 1973:, leading to the 1971:Kingdom of Mysore 1961:Anglo-Mysore Wars 1724:Bareilly division 1683:Tukoji Rao Holkar 1675:Alopi Devi Mandir 1652:Hafiz Rahmat Khan 1563:) did not exist. 1360:Ahmed Shah Abdali 1341:Murshid Quli Khan 1289:and defeated the 1236:Battle of Palkhed 1198:. They extracted 1149:Balaji Vishwanath 1141:Malhar Rao Holkar 1061:Khanderao Dabhade 1042:Balaji Vishwanath 806:Central Provinces 751:defeat of Panipat 724:Emperor Aurangzeb 673:Maratha community 662:imperial politics 656:as their nominal 600: 599: 586: 585: 582: 581: 562: 561: 557:Bijapur Sultanate 425:Balaji Vishwanath 346:(claimed titular) 339:• 1858–1859 327: 324:• 1803–1818 312: 309:• 1674–1683 279: 276:• 1808–1818 264: 261:• 1674–1680 227:Absolute monarchy 16:(Redirected from 10676: 10601: 10600: 10599: 10589: 10588: 10587: 10580: 10375: 10374: 10040:Austro-Hungarian 9740:Chagatai Khanate 9105: 9098: 9091: 9082: 9081: 8796:Capture of Delhi 8771:North-west India 8741:2nd Trichinopoly 8731:1st Trichinopoly 8593:Holkar of Indore 8562:Tulsi Bai Holkar 8482:Ahilyabai Holkar 8384:Madhavrao Ballal 8364:Bahiroji Pingale 8278: 8268: 8261: 8254: 8245: 8244: 8232: 8212: 8191: 8180: 8159: 8134:(4): 1125–1156. 8118: 8097: 8077: 8059: 8043: 8026: 8012: 7991: 7959: 7938: 7917: 7897: 7876: 7848: 7794: 7773: 7755: 7741:Sea: Our Saviour 7734: 7724: 7699: 7678: 7657: 7636: 7615: 7596: 7575: 7554: 7533: 7514:Sarkar, Jadunath 7509: 7490:Sarkar, Jadunath 7485: 7476:Sarkar, Jadunath 7471: 7452: 7441: 7420: 7399: 7378: 7357: 7336: 7315: 7287: 7266: 7229: 7208: 7194: 7173: 7152: 7140: 7126: 7115: 7094: 7083: 7055: 7037: 7026: 7005: 6984: 6963: 6952: 6950: 6948: 6933: 6912: 6896: 6885: 6864: 6855: 6844: 6823: 6799: 6778: 6754: 6729: 6701: 6680: 6659: 6638: 6617: 6596: 6566: 6560: 6554: 6548: 6542: 6536: 6530: 6524: 6518: 6517: 6515: 6513: 6462: 6456: 6450: 6441: 6435: 6429: 6423: 6417: 6411: 6405: 6404: 6386: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6372: 6321: 6315: 6309: 6303: 6300:Sridharan (2000) 6297: 6291: 6285: 6279: 6274: 6268: 6263: 6257: 6254:Majumdar (1951b) 6251: 6245: 6239: 6233: 6227: 6221: 6215: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6204: 6190: 6184: 6178: 6172: 6171: 6153: 6147: 6146: 6128: 6122: 6121: 6103: 6097: 6096: 6078: 6072: 6071: 6053: 6047: 6046: 6028: 6022: 6021: 6003: 5997: 5996: 5978: 5972: 5966: 5960: 5954: 5948: 5942: 5936: 5930: 5924: 5923: 5903: 5897: 5896: 5872: 5866: 5865: 5855: 5849: 5848: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5795: 5789: 5788: 5758: 5752: 5746: 5740: 5734: 5728: 5722: 5716: 5710: 5704: 5698: 5692: 5686: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5656: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5645: 5612: 5606: 5600: 5591: 5585: 5579: 5573: 5567: 5561: 5555: 5549: 5543: 5537: 5531: 5524: 5518: 5508: 5502: 5496: 5490: 5489: 5469: 5463: 5457: 5451: 5448:Majumdar (1951b) 5445: 5436: 5430: 5424: 5421:Kulakarṇī (1996) 5418: 5412: 5406: 5400: 5399: 5383: 5377: 5376: 5363: 5357: 5354:Chaurasia (2004) 5351: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5314: 5308: 5302: 5296: 5290: 5284: 5278: 5272: 5266: 5260: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5227: 5221: 5216: 5210: 5204: 5195: 5194: 5185: 5179: 5178: 5167:. pp. 7–8. 5154: 5148: 5147: 5131: 5125: 5124: 5113: 5107: 5106: 5096: 5090: 5084: 5078: 5077: 5067: 5061: 5055: 5046: 5040: 5029: 5023: 5017: 5011: 5005: 4999: 4993: 4987: 4974: 4968: 4959: 4953: 4942: 4939:Chaudhuri (2006) 4936: 4930: 4924: 4918: 4912: 4903: 4897: 4891: 4885: 4879: 4873: 4867: 4861: 4852: 4846: 4840: 4834: 4828: 4822: 4816: 4810: 4804: 4798: 4792: 4786: 4780: 4774: 4765: 4759: 4753: 4747: 4741: 4735: 4729: 4723: 4714: 4708: 4702: 4696: 4690: 4684: 4678: 4672: 4666: 4660: 4654: 4648: 4642: 4636: 4630: 4624: 4618: 4612: 4606: 4600: 4594: 4588: 4582: 4576: 4567: 4561: 4555: 4554: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4527: 4521: 4520: 4509:. Notion Press. 4500: 4494: 4493: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4414: 4408: 4402: 4396: 4390: 4384: 4378: 4367: 4361: 4352: 4349:Hindavi Swarajya 4342: 4336: 4335: 4315: 4309: 4308: 4288: 4282: 4281: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4230: 4224: 4218: 4212: 4211: 4197: 4191: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4163: 4157: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4120: 4114: 4113: 4099: 4090:(5–6): 826–863. 4075: 4069: 4068: 4036: 4030: 4029: 4018:. Notion Press. 4009: 4000: 3999: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3946: 3940: 3939: 3921: 3915: 3909: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3872: 3866: 3863: 3857: 3851: 3845: 3844: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3797: 3776: 3775:(excluding Sind) 3773: 3767: 3764: 3758: 3756: 3751: 3744: 3738: 3737: 3734: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3705: 3693: 3686: 3535:Madhavrao Peshwa 3491:Bahiroji Pingale 3429: 3428: 1808–1839 3427: 3416: 3415: 1777–1808 3414: 3403: 3402: 1749–1777 3401: 3390: 3389: 1708–1749 3388: 3340: 3262:Sadashivrao Bhau 3163:from the famous 2971:Foreign Minister 2925:Finance Minister 2820: 2796: 2764: 2737: 2722:Treaty of Salbai 2699: 2677: 2645: 2624: 2623: 2445:in the north to 2257:history of India 2207:Ultimately, the 2198:Battle of Assaye 2017:. The incumbent 1987:Doji bara famine 1941:Battle of Kharda 1929:Benoît de Boigne 1802:Benoît de Boigne 1782:Madhavrao Peshwa 1704:Madhavrao Peshwa 1670:capture of Delhi 1553:Sadashivrao Bhau 1493: 1481: 1436:Sadashivrao Bhau 1430: 1427: 1281:Baji Rao's son, 1252:Battle of Bhopal 1147:Shahu appointed 1112: 1103: 991:Santaji Ghorpade 943:Chikka Deva Raya 912:Hindavi Swarajya 853:Barbara Ramusack 837:Battle of Bhopal 831:in the south to 798:House of Bhonsle 790:House of Scindia 774:House of Gaekwad 701:Hindavi Swarajya 578: 577: 566: 565: 553: 552: 539: 538: 532: 531: 516: 515: 442:Treaty of Bhopal 434:16 November 1713 413: 325: 310: 277: 262: 154: 142: 119:in 1758 (yellow) 113: 70: 58: 40: 32: 31: 21: 10684: 10683: 10679: 10678: 10677: 10675: 10674: 10673: 10609: 10608: 10607: 10597: 10595: 10585: 10583: 10575: 10573: 10568: 10557:American Empire 10542: 10538:African empires 10490: 10373: 10065:Central African 10011: 9829:Romano-Germanic 9415: 9149:Middle Assyrian 9122: 9114: 9109: 9079: 9074: 9058: 8992: 8941: 8905: 8602: 8566: 8470: 8423: 8399:Sawai Madhavrao 8379:Balaji Baji Rao 8335: 8282: 8272: 8242: 8230: 8209: 8177: 8115: 8095: 8017:Majumdar, R. C. 8009: 7988: 7956: 7935: 7914: 7900: 7894: 7873: 7821:10.2307/2050934 7802: 7800:Further reading 7797: 7752: 7696: 7675: 7654: 7633: 7593: 7572: 7551: 7530: 7506: 7468: 7438: 7417: 7396: 7375: 7354: 7333: 7312: 7284: 7247:10.2307/2053980 7226: 7191: 7170: 7149: 7112: 7080: 7060:Marshall, P. J. 7023: 7002: 6981: 6946: 6944: 6930: 6909: 6882: 6841: 6820: 6796: 6775: 6751: 6726: 6698: 6677: 6656: 6635: 6614: 6593: 6574: 6569: 6563:Kulkarni (1995) 6561: 6557: 6549: 6545: 6537: 6533: 6527:Metcalfe (1855) 6525: 6521: 6511: 6509: 6463: 6459: 6451: 6444: 6438:Sardesai (1935) 6436: 6432: 6424: 6420: 6412: 6408: 6401: 6387: 6380: 6370: 6368: 6322: 6318: 6310: 6306: 6298: 6294: 6286: 6282: 6275: 6271: 6264: 6260: 6252: 6248: 6240: 6236: 6228: 6224: 6216: 6212: 6202: 6200: 6192: 6191: 6187: 6181:Sardesai (2002) 6179: 6175: 6168: 6154: 6150: 6143: 6129: 6125: 6118: 6104: 6100: 6093: 6079: 6075: 6068: 6054: 6050: 6043: 6029: 6025: 6018: 6004: 6000: 5993: 5979: 5975: 5967: 5963: 5955: 5951: 5943: 5939: 5931: 5927: 5920: 5904: 5900: 5893: 5885:. p. 104. 5873: 5869: 5856: 5852: 5845: 5825: 5821: 5814: 5806:. p. 191. 5796: 5792: 5785: 5777:. p. 333. 5759: 5755: 5747: 5743: 5735: 5731: 5723: 5719: 5711: 5707: 5699: 5695: 5687: 5683: 5673: 5671: 5658: 5657: 5653: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5613: 5609: 5601: 5594: 5586: 5582: 5574: 5570: 5562: 5558: 5550: 5546: 5538: 5534: 5525: 5521: 5511:Naravane (2006) 5509: 5505: 5497: 5493: 5486: 5470: 5466: 5458: 5454: 5446: 5439: 5431: 5427: 5419: 5415: 5407: 5403: 5384: 5380: 5364: 5360: 5352: 5345: 5335: 5333: 5331: 5315: 5311: 5303: 5299: 5291: 5287: 5279: 5275: 5267: 5263: 5255: 5251: 5228: 5224: 5217: 5213: 5205: 5198: 5186: 5182: 5175: 5163:. Vol. 1. 5155: 5151: 5132: 5128: 5114: 5110: 5097: 5093: 5085: 5081: 5068: 5064: 5058:Farooqui (2011) 5056: 5049: 5041: 5032: 5024: 5020: 5012: 5008: 5000: 4996: 4988: 4977: 4969: 4962: 4956:Marshall (2006) 4954: 4945: 4937: 4933: 4925: 4921: 4913: 4906: 4898: 4894: 4886: 4882: 4874: 4870: 4862: 4855: 4847: 4843: 4835: 4831: 4823: 4819: 4811: 4807: 4799: 4795: 4787: 4783: 4775: 4768: 4760: 4756: 4748: 4744: 4736: 4732: 4724: 4717: 4709: 4705: 4699:Richards (1995) 4697: 4693: 4685: 4681: 4673: 4669: 4663:Richards (1995) 4661: 4657: 4649: 4645: 4637: 4633: 4625: 4621: 4613: 4609: 4601: 4597: 4591:Ramusack (2004) 4589: 4585: 4577: 4570: 4562: 4558: 4545: 4541: 4528: 4524: 4517: 4501: 4497: 4462: 4458: 4429:(5): 988–1009. 4415: 4411: 4403: 4399: 4391: 4387: 4379: 4370: 4362: 4355: 4343: 4339: 4332: 4316: 4312: 4305: 4289: 4285: 4274: 4258: 4254: 4231: 4227: 4219: 4215: 4198: 4194: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4164: 4160: 4152: 4148: 4137: 4121: 4117: 4111:Maratha Empire. 4076: 4072: 4037: 4033: 4026: 4010: 4003: 3988: 3972: 3968: 3961: 3947: 3943: 3936: 3922: 3918: 3910: 3903: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3873: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3854:Hatalkar (1958) 3852: 3848: 3841: 3825: 3821: 3814: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3779: 3774: 3770: 3765: 3761: 3749: 3742: 3712: 3708: 3706: 3702: 3697: 3696: 3687: 3683: 3678: 3661: 3568: 3506: 3469: 3424: 3411: 3398: 3385: 3352: 3347: 3341: 3334: 3277: 3226: 3224:Afghan accounts 3180: 3101: 3093:Main articles: 3091: 3046:by the British 2849: 2844: 2648:Except for the 2622: 2559:of present-day 2501:as well as the 2491:Nawab of Bengal 2453:in the west to 2435: 2281: 2233:princely states 2165:Battle of Poona 2098: 2088: 1963: 1949: 1933:Battle of Patan 1904:leading to the 1841:Scindia Dynasty 1774:Mahadaji Shinde 1752: 1750:Confederacy era 1730:of present-day 1644:Najib ad-Dawlah 1602:Vakil-ul-Mutlak 1597:Vakil-ul-Mutlak 1588:Mahadaji Shinde 1506: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1499: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1486: 1485: 1482: 1428: 1364:Battle of Delhi 1345:Nawab of Bengal 1260:Battle of Vasai 1177:Rafi ud-Darajat 1129: 1128: 1127: 1126: 1121:palace fort in 1115: 1114: 1113: 1105: 1104: 1093: 1057:Raghoji Bhonsle 878: 873: 849: 802:Bombay Province 782:House of Holkar 747:prime ministers 681:Maratha Kingdom 646:tributary state 575: 550: 536: 467: 457: 444: 431: 414: 409: 395: 382: 340: 328: 317:Moropant Pingle 313: 280: 265: 230: 215: 211: 207: 205:State religion: 196: 169: 165: 164: 150: 138: 120: 104: 101:Mahādēv (Shiva) 91:Har Har Mahādēv 88: 79: 78: 77: 71: 63: 62: 59: 41: 38: 37: 28: 23: 22: 18:Maratha Kingdom 15: 12: 11: 5: 10682: 10672: 10671: 10666: 10661: 10656: 10651: 10646: 10641: 10636: 10631: 10626: 10621: 10606: 10605: 10593: 10570: 10569: 10567: 10566: 10565: 10564: 10559: 10550: 10548: 10544: 10543: 10541: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10514: 10513: 10502: 10500: 10496: 10495: 10492: 10491: 10489: 10488: 10483: 10478: 10473: 10468: 10467: 10466: 10456: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10410: 10409: 10404: 10394: 10389: 10383: 10381: 10372: 10371: 10370: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10354: 10349: 10339: 10334: 10333: 10332: 10322: 10317: 10316: 10315: 10310: 10305: 10295: 10290: 10289: 10288: 10283: 10273: 10272: 10271: 10266: 10261: 10256: 10251: 10241: 10240: 10239: 10234: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10208: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10177: 10176: 10175: 10170: 10160: 10155: 10154: 10153: 10148: 10138: 10137: 10136: 10131: 10121: 10120: 10119: 10114: 10104: 10099: 10098: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10067: 10062: 10061: 10060: 10055: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10021: 10019: 10013: 10012: 10010: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9993: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9952: 9947: 9946: 9945: 9940: 9935: 9930: 9925: 9920: 9910: 9909: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9842: 9841: 9836: 9826: 9825: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9770: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9749: 9748: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9732: 9722: 9717: 9712: 9707: 9702: 9697: 9696: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9670: 9669: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9643: 9642: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9600: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9579: 9574: 9573: 9572: 9567: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9537: 9536: 9535: 9530: 9520: 9519: 9518: 9513: 9508: 9503: 9493: 9488: 9487: 9486: 9476: 9475: 9474: 9469: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9425: 9423: 9421:Post-classical 9417: 9416: 9414: 9413: 9412: 9411: 9401: 9396: 9395: 9394: 9389: 9379: 9378: 9377: 9367: 9366: 9365: 9360: 9355: 9350: 9345: 9340: 9330: 9325: 9320: 9319: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9293: 9292: 9291: 9286: 9276: 9271: 9270: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9228: 9227: 9222: 9220:Middle Kingdom 9217: 9207: 9202: 9201: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9180: 9179: 9178: 9176:Neo-Babylonian 9173: 9168: 9166:Old Babylonian 9158: 9157: 9156: 9151: 9141: 9136: 9130: 9128: 9116: 9115: 9108: 9107: 9100: 9093: 9085: 9076: 9075: 9073: 9072: 9066: 9064: 9060: 9059: 9057: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9000: 8998: 8994: 8993: 8991: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8973:British Empire 8970: 8968:Durrani Empire 8965: 8960: 8955: 8949: 8947: 8943: 8942: 8940: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8913: 8911: 8907: 8906: 8904: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8688: 8683: 8678: 8676:Raigarh (1689) 8673: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8612: 8610: 8604: 8603: 8601: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8574: 8572: 8568: 8567: 8565: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8552:Umabai Dabhade 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8478: 8476: 8472: 8471: 8469: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8448: 8446:Pralhad Niraji 8443: 8437: 8435: 8425: 8424: 8422: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8345: 8343: 8337: 8336: 8334: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8292: 8290: 8284: 8283: 8271: 8270: 8263: 8256: 8248: 8241: 8240: 8233: 8228: 8213: 8207: 8192: 8181: 8175: 8160: 8119: 8113: 8098: 8093: 8078: 8060: 8044: 8034:. p. 63. 8027: 8013: 8007: 7992: 7986: 7971: 7960: 7954: 7939: 7933: 7918: 7912: 7898: 7892: 7877: 7871: 7856: 7849: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7795: 7774: 7756: 7750: 7735: 7715:(2): 219–229. 7700: 7694: 7679: 7673: 7658: 7652: 7637: 7631: 7616: 7597: 7591: 7576: 7570: 7555: 7549: 7534: 7528: 7510: 7504: 7486: 7472: 7466: 7453: 7451:. Vol. 2. 7442: 7436: 7421: 7415: 7400: 7394: 7379: 7373: 7358: 7352: 7337: 7331: 7316: 7310: 7288: 7282: 7267: 7241:(2): 221–235. 7230: 7224: 7209: 7195: 7189: 7174: 7168: 7153: 7147: 7127: 7116: 7110: 7095: 7084: 7078: 7056: 7038: 7027: 7021: 7006: 7000: 6985: 6979: 6964: 6953: 6934: 6928: 6913: 6907: 6886: 6880: 6865: 6856: 6845: 6839: 6824: 6818: 6800: 6794: 6779: 6773: 6755: 6749: 6730: 6724: 6702: 6696: 6681: 6675: 6660: 6654: 6639: 6633: 6618: 6612: 6597: 6591: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6567: 6555: 6543: 6531: 6519: 6457: 6442: 6430: 6428:, p. 213. 6418: 6416:, p. 245. 6406: 6399: 6378: 6316: 6304: 6292: 6280: 6269: 6258: 6256:, p. 512. 6246: 6234: 6222: 6220:, p. 116. 6210: 6185: 6173: 6166: 6148: 6141: 6123: 6116: 6098: 6091: 6073: 6066: 6048: 6041: 6023: 6016: 5998: 5991: 5973: 5971:, p. 103. 5961: 5949: 5937: 5935:, p. 556. 5933:Lindsay (1967) 5925: 5918: 5898: 5891: 5867: 5850: 5843: 5819: 5812: 5790: 5783: 5753: 5741: 5739:, p. 121. 5729: 5717: 5705: 5703:, p. 300. 5701:Prakash (2002) 5693: 5681: 5651: 5637: 5607: 5592: 5580: 5578:, p. 359. 5568: 5556: 5554:, p. 358. 5544: 5532: 5519: 5503: 5491: 5484: 5464: 5452: 5437: 5425: 5413: 5411:, p. 106. 5401: 5378: 5358: 5343: 5329: 5309: 5297: 5285: 5283:, p. 238. 5281:Sampath (2008) 5273: 5261: 5249: 5222: 5211: 5209:, p. 158. 5207:Stewart (1993) 5196: 5180: 5173: 5149: 5144:Orient Longman 5126: 5108: 5091: 5079: 5062: 5060:, p. 334. 5047: 5030: 5028:, p. 458. 5018: 5016:, p. 274. 5006: 5004:, p. 140. 4994: 4990:Agrawal (1983) 4975: 4960: 4943: 4941:, p. 253. 4931: 4919: 4904: 4902:, p. 202. 4892: 4880: 4868: 4853: 4841: 4839:, p. 117. 4829: 4827:, p. 132. 4817: 4805: 4793: 4789:Agrawal (1983) 4781: 4766: 4754: 4742: 4730: 4715: 4703: 4701:, p. 223. 4691: 4679: 4667: 4655: 4643: 4631: 4619: 4617:, p. 112. 4615:Gokhale (1988) 4607: 4595: 4583: 4568: 4566:, p. 204. 4556: 4539: 4522: 4515: 4495: 4476:(3): 209–234. 4456: 4409: 4397: 4385: 4381:Pearson (1976) 4368: 4364:Jackson (2005) 4353: 4337: 4330: 4310: 4303: 4283: 4272: 4252: 4225: 4213: 4192: 4178: 4158: 4146: 4135: 4115: 4070: 4031: 4024: 4001: 3986: 3966: 3959: 3941: 3934: 3916: 3914:, p. 223. 3901: 3887: 3867: 3858: 3846: 3839: 3819: 3812: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3777: 3768: 3759: 3699: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3680: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3673: 3672: 3670:Maratha titles 3667: 3660: 3657: 3656: 3655: 3650: 3641: 3632: 3627: 3614: 3605: 3596: 3587: 3578: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3544: 3538: 3532: 3529:Balaji Bajirao 3526: 3520: 3505: 3502: 3501: 3500: 3494: 3488: 3482: 3476: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3463: 3457: 3451: 3445: 3432: 3431: 3418: 3405: 3392: 3372: 3371: 3365: 3359: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3332: 3276: 3273: 3254:Durrani Empire 3225: 3222: 3178: 3090: 3087: 3062:foreign policy 3044:British Empire 3011: 3010: 2994: 2984: 2974: 2964: 2952: 2940: 2928: 2912: 2909:Prime Minister 2848: 2847:Administration 2845: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2836: 2821: 2814: 2810: 2809: 2805:Raja of Satara 2797: 2790: 2786: 2785: 2765: 2758: 2754: 2753: 2738: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2712:in advocating 2700: 2693: 2689: 2688: 2678: 2671: 2667: 2666: 2646: 2639: 2635: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2621: 2618: 2499:Nawab of Arcot 2495:Nawab of Sindh 2449:in the south, 2434: 2431: 2409:Nana Phadnavis 2280: 2277: 2268:Nassak Diamond 2253:Percival Spear 2087: 2084: 2070:(based in the 2034:Shankaracharya 2019:Shankaracharya 2010:Shankaracharya 1948: 1945: 1846:Vakil-i-Mutlaq 1751: 1748: 1640:Shuja-ud-Daula 1541:Raja Suraj Mal 1511:called on the 1501: 1500: 1495: 1488: 1487: 1483: 1476: 1475: 1474: 1473: 1472: 1415:Balaji Bajirao 1330:western Bengal 1322:western Bengal 1291:Nawab of Arcot 1283:Balaji Bajirao 1143:c.18th century 1117: 1116: 1107: 1106: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1034:Bahadur Shah I 1016:A portrait of 995:Dhanaji Jadhav 892:A portrait of 877: 874: 872: 869: 865:Marathi people 848: 845: 794:Raja of Nagpur 786:Raja of Ujjain 778:Raja of Indore 770:Raja of Baroda 764:(now Pune) in 693:Deccan Plateau 654:Mughal emperor 642:Bahadur Shah I 627:Maratha states 608:Maratha Empire 598: 597: 592: 588: 587: 584: 583: 580: 579: 572: 563: 560: 559: 554: 546: 545: 540: 528: 527: 522: 512: 511: 493: 489: 488: 485: 481: 480: 476: 475: 472: 471: 468: 465: 462: 461: 458: 452: 449: 448: 447:7 January 1738 445: 439: 436: 435: 432: 427:as hereditary 422: 419: 418: 415: 411:Bahadur Shah I 403: 400: 399: 396: 390: 387: 386: 383: 377: 374: 373: 370: 369: 366: 362: 361: 356: 352: 351: 348: 347: 341: 338: 335: 334: 329: 323: 320: 319: 314: 308: 305: 304: 301: 300: 297: 291: 290: 287: 286: 281: 275: 272: 271: 266: 260: 257: 256: 253: 252: 249: 243: 242: 224: 220: 219: 202: 198: 197: 195: 194: 188: 181: 179: 175: 174: 167:Peshwa's seat: 163: 162: 156: 144: 131: 126: 122: 121: 114: 106: 105: 99:: "Praises to 94: 87:"हर हर महादेव" 81: 80: 73:Royal Seal of 72: 65: 64: 60: 53: 52: 51: 48: 47: 43: 42: 39:Maratha Empire 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10681: 10670: 10667: 10665: 10662: 10660: 10657: 10655: 10652: 10650: 10647: 10645: 10642: 10640: 10637: 10635: 10632: 10630: 10627: 10625: 10622: 10620: 10617: 10616: 10614: 10604: 10594: 10592: 10582: 10581: 10578: 10563: 10562:Soviet empire 10560: 10558: 10555: 10554: 10552: 10551: 10549: 10547:Miscellaneous 10545: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10512: 10509: 10508: 10507: 10504: 10503: 10501: 10497: 10487: 10484: 10482: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10465: 10462: 10461: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10399: 10398: 10395: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10384: 10382: 10380: 10376: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10344: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10331: 10328: 10327: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10318: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10300: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10291: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10278: 10277: 10274: 10270: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10246: 10245: 10242: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10229: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10182: 10181: 10178: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10165: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10146:German Empire 10144: 10143: 10142: 10139: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10126: 10125: 10122: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10109: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10100: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10072: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10050: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10022: 10020: 10018: 10014: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9957: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9915: 9914: 9911: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9888: 9887: 9886:Turco-Persian 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9831: 9830: 9827: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9794: 9793: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9754: 9753: 9750: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9727: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9675: 9674: 9671: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9648: 9647: 9644: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9626: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9584: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9542: 9541: 9538: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9525: 9524: 9521: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9498: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9485: 9482: 9481: 9480: 9477: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9464: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9426: 9424: 9422: 9418: 9410: 9407: 9406: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9384: 9383: 9380: 9376: 9373: 9372: 9371: 9368: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9335: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9298: 9297: 9294: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9281: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9244: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9212: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9185: 9184: 9181: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9163: 9162: 9159: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9146: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9121: 9117: 9113: 9106: 9101: 9099: 9094: 9092: 9087: 9086: 9083: 9071: 9068: 9067: 9065: 9061: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9034:Shaniwar Wada 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9001: 8999: 8995: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8963:Mughal Empire 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8950: 8948: 8944: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8908: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8836:Bahadur Benda 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8791:Rakshasbhuvan 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8684: 8682: 8679: 8677: 8674: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8609: 8605: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8575: 8573: 8569: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8479: 8477: 8473: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8456: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8438: 8436: 8434: 8430: 8426: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8346: 8344: 8342: 8338: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8293: 8291: 8289: 8285: 8281: 8277: 8269: 8264: 8262: 8257: 8255: 8250: 8249: 8246: 8238: 8235:Wink, Andre. 8234: 8231: 8225: 8221: 8220: 8214: 8210: 8204: 8200: 8199: 8193: 8189: 8188: 8182: 8178: 8172: 8168: 8167: 8161: 8157: 8153: 8149: 8145: 8141: 8137: 8133: 8129: 8125: 8120: 8116: 8110: 8106: 8105: 8099: 8096: 8090: 8086: 8085: 8079: 8076: 8072: 8068: 8067: 8061: 8058: 8054: 8050: 8045: 8041: 8037: 8033: 8028: 8024: 8023: 8018: 8014: 8010: 8004: 8000: 7999: 7993: 7989: 7983: 7979: 7978: 7972: 7969: 7965: 7961: 7957: 7951: 7947: 7946: 7940: 7936: 7930: 7926: 7925: 7919: 7915: 7909: 7905: 7904: 7899: 7895: 7889: 7885: 7884: 7878: 7874: 7868: 7864: 7863: 7857: 7854: 7850: 7846: 7842: 7838: 7834: 7830: 7826: 7822: 7818: 7814: 7810: 7805: 7804: 7792: 7788: 7784: 7780: 7775: 7772: 7768: 7764: 7763: 7757: 7753: 7747: 7743: 7742: 7736: 7732: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7714: 7710: 7706: 7701: 7697: 7691: 7687: 7686: 7680: 7676: 7670: 7666: 7665: 7659: 7655: 7649: 7645: 7644: 7638: 7634: 7628: 7624: 7623: 7617: 7613: 7609: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7594: 7588: 7584: 7583: 7577: 7573: 7567: 7563: 7562: 7556: 7552: 7546: 7543:. Routledge. 7542: 7541: 7535: 7531: 7525: 7521: 7520: 7515: 7511: 7507: 7501: 7497: 7496: 7491: 7487: 7483: 7482: 7477: 7473: 7469: 7463: 7459: 7454: 7450: 7449: 7443: 7439: 7433: 7429: 7428: 7422: 7418: 7412: 7408: 7407: 7401: 7397: 7391: 7387: 7386: 7380: 7376: 7370: 7366: 7365: 7359: 7355: 7349: 7345: 7344: 7338: 7334: 7328: 7324: 7323: 7317: 7313: 7307: 7303: 7299: 7298: 7293: 7289: 7285: 7279: 7275: 7274: 7268: 7264: 7260: 7256: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7236: 7231: 7227: 7225:81-237-0647-2 7221: 7217: 7216: 7210: 7206: 7205: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7186: 7183:. Routledge. 7182: 7181: 7175: 7171: 7165: 7161: 7160: 7154: 7150: 7148:9780001921498 7144: 7139: 7138: 7132: 7128: 7124: 7123: 7117: 7113: 7107: 7103: 7102: 7096: 7092: 7091: 7085: 7081: 7075: 7071: 7067: 7066: 7061: 7057: 7053: 7049: 7048: 7043: 7039: 7035: 7034: 7028: 7024: 7018: 7015:. NYU Press. 7014: 7013: 7007: 7003: 6997: 6993: 6992: 6986: 6982: 6976: 6972: 6971: 6965: 6961: 6960: 6954: 6942: 6941: 6935: 6931: 6925: 6921: 6920: 6914: 6910: 6904: 6900: 6895: 6894: 6887: 6883: 6877: 6873: 6872: 6866: 6862: 6857: 6853: 6852: 6846: 6842: 6836: 6832: 6831: 6825: 6821: 6815: 6811: 6810: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6791: 6787: 6786: 6780: 6776: 6770: 6766: 6765: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6746: 6742: 6738: 6737: 6731: 6727: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6712: 6707: 6703: 6699: 6693: 6689: 6688: 6682: 6678: 6672: 6668: 6667: 6661: 6657: 6651: 6647: 6646: 6640: 6636: 6630: 6626: 6625: 6619: 6615: 6613:0-8032-1344-1 6609: 6605: 6604: 6598: 6594: 6592:81-208-2326-5 6588: 6584: 6583: 6577: 6576: 6565:, p. 21. 6564: 6559: 6552: 6547: 6540: 6535: 6528: 6523: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6461: 6455:, p. 85. 6454: 6449: 6447: 6439: 6434: 6427: 6422: 6415: 6414:Sarkar (1950) 6410: 6402: 6396: 6392: 6385: 6383: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6331: 6327: 6320: 6314:, p. 10. 6313: 6312:Kantak (1993) 6308: 6302:, p. 43. 6301: 6296: 6290:, p. 28. 6289: 6284: 6278: 6273: 6267: 6262: 6255: 6250: 6243: 6238: 6232:, p. 93. 6231: 6226: 6219: 6214: 6199: 6195: 6189: 6182: 6177: 6169: 6163: 6159: 6152: 6144: 6138: 6134: 6127: 6119: 6113: 6109: 6102: 6094: 6088: 6084: 6077: 6069: 6063: 6059: 6052: 6044: 6038: 6034: 6027: 6019: 6013: 6009: 6002: 5994: 5988: 5984: 5977: 5970: 5965: 5959:, p. 13. 5958: 5953: 5947:, p. 97. 5946: 5941: 5934: 5929: 5921: 5915: 5911: 5910: 5902: 5894: 5888: 5884: 5883:Seagull Books 5881:. New Delhi: 5880: 5879: 5871: 5863: 5862: 5854: 5846: 5840: 5836: 5833:. New Delhi: 5832: 5831: 5823: 5815: 5809: 5805: 5802:. New Delhi: 5801: 5794: 5786: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5766: 5757: 5751:, p. 77. 5750: 5745: 5738: 5733: 5727:, p. 30. 5726: 5721: 5715:, p. 64. 5714: 5709: 5702: 5697: 5691:, p. 28. 5690: 5689:Capper (1997) 5685: 5669: 5665: 5663: 5655: 5640: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5623:. Routledge. 5622: 5618: 5611: 5605:, p. 69. 5604: 5603:Cooper (2003) 5599: 5597: 5589: 5588:Cooper (2003) 5584: 5577: 5572: 5565: 5560: 5553: 5548: 5542:, p. 502 5541: 5536: 5530: 5529: 5523: 5516: 5512: 5507: 5500: 5495: 5487: 5485:9781139055666 5481: 5477: 5476: 5468: 5462:, p. 91. 5461: 5456: 5449: 5444: 5442: 5434: 5433:Sarkar (1994) 5429: 5422: 5417: 5410: 5409:Rathod (1994) 5405: 5398: 5394: 5393: 5388: 5382: 5374: 5373: 5368: 5362: 5356:, p. 13. 5355: 5350: 5348: 5332: 5330:9788131732021 5326: 5322: 5321: 5313: 5306: 5301: 5295:, p. 30. 5294: 5293:Rathod (1994) 5289: 5282: 5277: 5271:, p. 95. 5270: 5269:Rathod (1994) 5265: 5259:, p. 13. 5258: 5257:Mittal (1986) 5253: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5226: 5220: 5215: 5208: 5203: 5201: 5193: 5192: 5184: 5176: 5174:9788171545780 5170: 5166: 5162: 5161: 5153: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5130: 5122: 5118: 5112: 5104: 5103: 5095: 5088: 5083: 5075: 5074: 5066: 5059: 5054: 5052: 5044: 5043:Rathod (1994) 5039: 5037: 5035: 5027: 5022: 5015: 5010: 5003: 4998: 4992:, p. 26. 4991: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4972: 4967: 4965: 4958:, p. 72. 4957: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4940: 4935: 4928: 4927:Sarkar (1991) 4923: 4917:, p. 15. 4916: 4911: 4909: 4901: 4896: 4890:, p. 13. 4889: 4884: 4878:, p. 23. 4877: 4872: 4865: 4860: 4858: 4851:, p. 12. 4850: 4845: 4838: 4833: 4826: 4821: 4814: 4809: 4802: 4797: 4790: 4785: 4779:, p. 12. 4778: 4773: 4771: 4763: 4758: 4751: 4746: 4740:, p. 81. 4739: 4734: 4728:, p. 11. 4727: 4722: 4720: 4712: 4707: 4700: 4695: 4689:, p. 50. 4688: 4683: 4676: 4671: 4665:, p. 12. 4664: 4659: 4652: 4647: 4641:, p. 18. 4640: 4639:Kantak (1993) 4635: 4628: 4627:Vartak (1999) 4623: 4616: 4611: 4605:, p. 25. 4604: 4599: 4593:, p. 35. 4592: 4587: 4581:, p. 16. 4580: 4575: 4573: 4565: 4560: 4552: 4551: 4543: 4535: 4534: 4526: 4518: 4512: 4508: 4507: 4499: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4460: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4413: 4406: 4401: 4394: 4393:Capper (1997) 4389: 4382: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4366:, p. 38. 4365: 4360: 4358: 4350: 4346: 4341: 4333: 4327: 4323: 4322: 4314: 4306: 4300: 4296: 4295: 4287: 4280: 4275: 4269: 4265: 4264: 4256: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4229: 4222: 4217: 4210: 4205: 4204: 4196: 4181: 4179:9781343884571 4175: 4171: 4170: 4162: 4156:, p. 24. 4155: 4154:Kantak (1993) 4150: 4143: 4138: 4132: 4129:. Routledge. 4128: 4127: 4119: 4112: 4107: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4074: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4035: 4027: 4021: 4017: 4016: 4008: 4006: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3983: 3979: 3978: 3970: 3962: 3956: 3952: 3945: 3937: 3931: 3927: 3920: 3913: 3908: 3906: 3890: 3888:9781343884571 3884: 3880: 3879: 3871: 3862: 3855: 3850: 3842: 3836: 3832: 3831: 3823: 3815: 3809: 3805: 3804: 3796: 3792: 3772: 3763: 3755: 3747: 3746: 3736: 3704: 3700: 3691: 3685: 3681: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3662: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3573: 3570: 3569: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3514: 3513: 3511: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3470: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3422: 3419: 3409: 3406: 3396: 3393: 3383: 3380: 3379: 3378: 3376: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3338: 3331: 3326: 3324: 3320: 3319:martial races 3316: 3312: 3307: 3303: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3290: 3281: 3271: 3266: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3230: 3221: 3217: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3202:Kanhoji Angre 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3176: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3149:Nana Fadnavis 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3100: 3096: 3086: 3084: 3080: 3074: 3069: 3067: 3063: 3058: 3056: 3051: 3049: 3045: 3039: 3037: 3033: 3027: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2999: 2995: 2992: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2981:Chief Justice 2978: 2975: 2972: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2958: 2957: 2953: 2950: 2946: 2945: 2941: 2938: 2934: 2933: 2929: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2913: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2876: 2869: 2864: 2857: 2853: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2819: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2795: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2763: 2759: 2756: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2736: 2732: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2705: 2701: 2698: 2694: 2691: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2672: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2659: 2658:Konkan region 2655: 2651: 2647: 2644: 2640: 2637: 2636: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2610:Uttar Pradesh 2607: 2602: 2600: 2597:, the son of 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2575: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2561:Uttar Pradesh 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2538: 2534: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2483:Nawab of Oudh 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2430: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2416:disguised as 2415: 2410: 2406: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2348: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2311: 2308:In 1763, the 2306: 2303: 2300:and, through 2299: 2298:Tukoji Holkar 2295: 2290: 2286: 2276: 2274: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2258: 2254: 2245: 2240: 2236: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2217:Uttar Pradesh 2214: 2210: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2189: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2150: 2145: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2120:In 1775, the 2115: 2111: 2110:Vadgaon Maval 2107: 2102: 2097: 2093: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2064: 2062: 2061: 2056: 2052: 2046: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1990: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1909: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1870: 1868: 1867:British India 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1830:Chhatar Singh 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1775: 1771: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1747: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1732:Uttar Pradesh 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1699: 1694: 1693: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1648:Amrohi Sayyid 1645: 1641: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1606:Amir-ul-Amara 1603: 1599: 1598: 1593: 1589: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1573:Krishna River 1569: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1537: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1517:Nawab of Oudh 1514: 1510: 1492: 1480: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1423: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1392: 1388: 1383: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1356:Raghunath Rao 1352: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1326:Hooghly River 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1306:Trichinopolly 1302: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1192: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1157:Kanhoji Angre 1155:in 1714 with 1154: 1150: 1142: 1138: 1133: 1124: 1120: 1119:Shaniwar Wada 1111: 1102: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1023: 1019: 1014: 1010: 1008: 1005:. His widow, 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 979: 977: 973: 969: 964: 959: 957: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 927: 923: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 895: 890: 882: 868: 866: 862: 857: 854: 844: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 809: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 766:western India 763: 758: 756: 755:Afghan Empire 752: 748: 744: 740: 735: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 704: 702: 698: 695:(present-day 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 669: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 613: 609: 605: 596: 593: 591:Today part of 589: 573: 571: 568: 567: 564: 558: 555: 548: 547: 544: 543:Mughal Empire 541: 534: 533: 530: 529: 526: 523: 521: 518: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 494: 490: 486: 482: 477: 473: 469: 463: 459: 456: 450: 446: 443: 437: 433: 430: 426: 420: 417:3 August 1707 416: 412: 407: 401: 397: 394: 388: 384: 381: 375: 371: 367: 363: 360: 359:Ashta Pradhan 357: 353: 349: 345: 342: 336: 333: 330: 321: 318: 315: 306: 302: 298: 296: 292: 288: 285: 282: 273: 270: 267: 258: 254: 250: 248: 244: 240: 236: 233: 228: 225: 221: 218: 214: 210: 206: 203: 199: 192: 189: 186: 183: 182: 180: 176: 172: 168: 160: 157: 153: 148: 145: 141: 136: 133: 132: 130: 127: 123: 118: 112: 107: 102: 98: 92: 86: 82: 76: 69: 57: 49: 44: 33: 30: 19: 10659:Hindu states 10313:Contemporary 10163:Indo-Persian 10151:Nazi Germany 10095:Contemporary 9997:Vijayanagara 9896:Great Seljuk 9807:Thessalonica 9735:Golden Horde 9375:Carthaginian 9154:Neo-Assyrian 9139:Neo-Sumerian 8454: 8394:Raghunathrao 8331:Pratap Singh 8288:Chhatrapatis 8279: 8236: 8218: 8197: 8186: 8165: 8131: 8127: 8103: 8083: 8065: 8048: 8031: 8021: 7997: 7976: 7963: 7944: 7923: 7902: 7882: 7861: 7852: 7812: 7808: 7782: 7778: 7761: 7740: 7712: 7708: 7684: 7663: 7642: 7621: 7606: 7581: 7560: 7539: 7518: 7494: 7480: 7457: 7447: 7426: 7405: 7384: 7363: 7342: 7321: 7296: 7272: 7238: 7234: 7214: 7203: 7179: 7158: 7136: 7121: 7104:. Sterling. 7100: 7089: 7064: 7046: 7032: 7011: 6990: 6969: 6958: 6945:. Retrieved 6939: 6918: 6892: 6870: 6860: 6850: 6829: 6808: 6784: 6763: 6735: 6710: 6686: 6665: 6644: 6623: 6602: 6581: 6572:Bibliography 6558: 6546: 6539:Nehru (1946) 6534: 6522: 6510:. Retrieved 6474: 6470: 6460: 6433: 6426:Singh (2011) 6421: 6409: 6390: 6369:. Retrieved 6333: 6329: 6319: 6307: 6295: 6288:Bhave (2000) 6283: 6272: 6261: 6249: 6237: 6230:Singh (1998) 6225: 6213: 6201:. Retrieved 6197: 6188: 6176: 6157: 6151: 6132: 6126: 6107: 6101: 6082: 6076: 6057: 6051: 6032: 6026: 6007: 6001: 5982: 5976: 5964: 5952: 5940: 5928: 5908: 5901: 5877: 5870: 5860: 5853: 5829: 5822: 5799: 5793: 5767:'s Dominions 5762: 5756: 5749:Black (2006) 5744: 5732: 5720: 5713:Nayar (2008) 5708: 5696: 5684: 5672:. Retrieved 5661: 5654: 5642:. Retrieved 5620: 5610: 5583: 5576:Hasan (2005) 5571: 5563: 5559: 5552:Hasan (2005) 5547: 5535: 5527: 5522: 5506: 5499:Hasan (2005) 5494: 5474: 5467: 5460:Barua (2005) 5455: 5428: 5416: 5404: 5396: 5391: 5381: 5371: 5361: 5334:. Retrieved 5319: 5312: 5300: 5288: 5276: 5264: 5252: 5235: 5231: 5225: 5214: 5190: 5183: 5159: 5152: 5135: 5129: 5120: 5111: 5101: 5094: 5086: 5082: 5072: 5065: 5045:, p. 8. 5026:Mehta (2005) 5021: 5014:Mehta (2005) 5009: 5002:Mehta (2005) 4997: 4934: 4922: 4900:Mehta (2005) 4895: 4883: 4871: 4844: 4837:Mehta (2005) 4832: 4820: 4808: 4801:Mehta (2005) 4796: 4784: 4762:Mehta (2005) 4757: 4750:Mehta (2005) 4745: 4738:Mehta (2005) 4733: 4711:Mehta (2005) 4706: 4694: 4687:Mehta (2005) 4682: 4675:Mehta (2005) 4670: 4658: 4651:Mehta (2005) 4646: 4634: 4622: 4610: 4603:Jones (1974) 4598: 4586: 4564:Mehta (2005) 4559: 4549: 4542: 4532: 4525: 4505: 4498: 4473: 4469: 4459: 4426: 4422: 4412: 4400: 4388: 4348: 4345:Pagdi (1993) 4340: 4320: 4313: 4293: 4286: 4277: 4262: 4255: 4238: 4234: 4228: 4216: 4207: 4202: 4195: 4183:. Retrieved 4168: 4161: 4149: 4140: 4125: 4118: 4109: 4087: 4083: 4073: 4048: 4044: 4034: 4014: 3976: 3969: 3950: 3944: 3925: 3919: 3892:. Retrieved 3877: 3870: 3861: 3849: 3829: 3822: 3802: 3795: 3771: 3762: 3703: 3684: 3637:of Jalgaon, 3547:Raghunathrao 3507: 3434: 3433: 3421:Pratap Singh 3374: 3373: 3350:Royal houses 3339:(1803–1871). 3337:Justin Sheil 3328: 3323:Justin Sheil 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3286: 3283:Maratha arms 3268: 3235: 3218: 3186:Maratha Navy 3183: 3157:Jose Antonio 3105:Maratha Army 3102: 3099:Maratha Army 3095:Maratha Navy 3079:Mughal Naval 3076: 3071: 3059: 3052: 3040: 3035: 3032:Maratha Army 3028: 3022: 3021:, the other 3018: 3014: 3012: 2996: 2986: 2977:Nyayadhyaksh 2976: 2966: 2954: 2942: 2930: 2920: 2914: 2904: 2898: 2887: 2884:Ashtapradhan 2881: 2831:(1853), and 2707: 2704:Chenab River 2608:and much of 2603: 2572: 2564: 2542: 2506: 2436: 2392:Javji Bamble 2369:troops from 2351: 2338:Maratha army 2313:Raghunathrao 2307: 2289:Javji Bamble 2282: 2273:John Malcolm 2266:. The famed 2264:Sutlej River 2261: 2249: 2206: 2185: 2154: 2149:Madhavrao II 2137: 2126:Raghunathrao 2119: 2065: 2058: 2054: 2048: 2043: 2018: 2008: 1997: 1991: 1978: 1964: 1917:Ghulam Kadir 1910: 1890:Shah Alam II 1871: 1859:Sutlej River 1844: 1838: 1806: 1798:Madhavrao II 1793: 1779: 1744: 1740:Shah Alam II 1702: 1690: 1666:Shah Alam II 1664: 1624: 1618: 1605: 1601: 1595: 1592:Shah Alam II 1585: 1565: 1538: 1525:Maratha Army 1507: 1460: 1433: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1386: 1384: 1353: 1334: 1303: 1295:Chanda Sahib 1280: 1276:Chimaji Appa 1229: 1185:Sardeshmukhi 1173:Farrukhsiyar 1152: 1146: 1054: 1027: 985:and then to 980: 963:Sangameshwar 960: 928: 924: 898: 858: 850: 847:Nomenclature 810: 759: 736: 705: 680: 670: 612:early modern 607: 603: 601: 525:Succeeded by 524: 519: 284:Pratap Singh 212: 204: 166: 151: 149:(1691–1698, 139: 137:(1674–1708, 128: 85:Motto: 84: 29: 10644:Maharashtra 9901:Khwarezmian 9834:Carolingian 9639:Rashtrakuta 9343:Shaishunaga 9242:Hellenistic 9225:New Kingdom 9215:Old Kingdom 8946:Adversaries 8881:Farrukhabad 8831:Gajendragad 8781:3rd Panipat 8746:Katwa (2nd) 8736:Katwa (1st) 8626:Pavan Khind 8419:Bhat family 8404:Baji Rao II 8389:Narayan Rao 7612:John Murray 7141:. Collins. 6244:, p. . 6203:5 September 5238:: 403–419. 4051:(1): 1–40. 3653:Vinchurkars 3630:Patwardhans 3559:Baji Rao II 3525:(1720–1740) 3519:(1713–1720) 3499:(1711–1713) 3493:(1708–1711) 3487:(1689–1708) 3481:(1683–1689) 3475:(1657–1683) 3460:Shivaji III 3454:Sambhaji II 3450:(1700–1714) 3370:(1670–1700) 3364:(1657–1689) 3358:(1630–1680) 3311:Norman Gash 3287:Similarly, 3210:Gingee Fort 3206:Maharashtra 3190:Indian Navy 3153:Baji Rao II 3141:Abyssinians 3113:Maharashtra 2991:High Priest 2905:Pantpradhan 2773:Baji Rao II 2633:Background 2479:Tipu Sultan 2229:British Raj 2200:during the 2188:British Raj 2161:Baji Rao II 2023:Tipu Sultan 2021:petitioned 1967:Tipu Sultan 1863:Gerard Lake 1822:Tungabhadra 1818:Tipu Sultan 1786:Madhavrao I 1635:Zabita Khan 1568:Madhavrao I 1429: 1750 1046:Chhatrapati 968:Kavi Kalash 920:Chhatrapati 839:(1737), to 829:Maharashtra 813:Baji Rao II 728:non-Muslims 697:Maharashtra 677:Maharashtra 520:Preceded by 393:Deccan Wars 385:6 June 1674 355:Legislature 332:Baji Rao II 247:Chhatrapati 241:(1731–1818) 229:(1674–1731) 193:(religious) 173:(1728–1818) 161:(1708–1818) 129:Royal seat: 10613:Categories 10471:Portuguese 10352:Revival Le 10342:Vietnamese 9985:Later Tran 9955:Vietnamese 9851:Singhasari 9839:Holy Roman 9463:Bulgarian 9399:Satavahana 9370:Phoenician 9306:Achaemenid 9267:Indo-Greek 9247:Macedonian 9161:Babylonian 9044:Sindhudurg 8958:Qutb Shahi 8953:Adil Shahi 8666:Bhupalgarh 8631:Umberkhind 8616:Pratapgarh 8522:Parvatibai 8512:Lakshmibai 8455:hereditary 8433:Pratinidhi 8414:Nana Sahib 8374:Baji Rao I 8321:Rajaram II 7815:(4): 577. 7625:. Lancer. 6453:Lee (2011) 6391:Wellington 6242:Kar (1980) 5969:Roy (2011) 5957:Sen (2006) 5513:, p. 5305:Sen (2010) 4971:Roy (2004) 4915:Sen (2010) 4888:Sen (2010) 4876:Sen (2010) 4864:Sen (2006) 4849:Sen (2006) 4813:Mehta 2005 4777:Sen (2010) 4726:Sen (2010) 4579:Sen (2010) 4405:Sen (2010) 4221:Mehta 2005 3783:References 3448:Shivaji II 3214:Tamil Nadu 3019:Nyayadisha 2595:Timur Shah 2549:Rohilkhand 2545:Safdarjung 2405:Aurangabad 2279:Rebellions 2138:status quo 1994:irregulars 1913:Ismail Beg 1720:Rohilkhand 1679:Najaf Khan 1614:Rohilkhand 1464:Vishwasrao 1419:Chatrapati 1324:up to the 1266:rulers of 1264:Portuguese 1232:Baji Rao I 1091:Peshwa era 939:Portuguese 792:, and the 730:, and the 726:estranged 344:Nana Saheb 239:figurehead 223:Government 10464:Couronian 10102:Ethiopian 10090:Manchukuo 10045:Brazilian 9891:Ghaznavid 9861:Srivijaya 9812:Trebizond 9797:Byzantine 9779:North Sea 9774:Norwegian 9762:Almoravid 9745:Ilkhanate 9715:Majapahit 9688:Muromachi 9597:Solomonic 9582:Ethiopian 9496:Caliphate 9429:Aragonese 9257:Ptolemaic 9014:Pratapgad 8886:Bharatpur 8866:3rd Delhi 8766:2nd Delhi 8547:Soyarabai 8542:Sakvarbai 8527:Putalabai 8492:Gopikabai 8487:Anandibai 8409:Amrut Rao 8306:Rajaram I 8148:0026-749X 8107:. Brill. 8057:483944794 7855:(1974–75) 7845:161932929 7829:0021-9118 7731:1076-156X 7263:162482005 7044:(1951b). 6507:153841517 6491:0707-5332 6366:153841517 6350:0707-5332 5771:New Delhi 5644:30 August 4490:0014-4983 4451:221060782 4443:0959-2318 4241:(1): 44. 4106:1568-5209 4065:1469-8099 3788:Citations 3692:Brahmins. 3690:Chitpavan 3644:Newalkars 3612:Thanjavur 3368:Rajaram I 3161:Fransisco 3050:in 1818. 3015:Panditrao 2987:Panditrao 2937:Secretary 2856:Pratapgad 2614:Scindhias 2574:Subahdari 2531:Rajputana 2475:Hyder Ali 2463:Rajputana 2447:Hyderabad 2433:Geography 2396:Mansabdar 2347:Madhavrao 2317:Purandare 2155:In 1799, 1992:In 1791, 1983:Hyder Ali 1878:Fatehabad 1853:in 1806, 1790:jagirdars 1712:Hyder Ali 1577:Hyder Ali 1561:Suraj Mal 1545:Bharatpur 1456:Suraj Mal 1299:Rajputana 1248:Bajirao I 1224:Rajputana 1137:Bajirao I 1020:, son of 983:Vishalgad 976:Burhanpur 951:Aurangzeb 894:Shivaji I 685:Bajirao I 610:, was an 398:1680–1707 269:Shivaji I 235:oligarchy 201:Religion 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