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said. ... Chang and
Halliday's method of citation makes it necessary for the reader to check multiple sources in order to track down the basis for any single assertion. There were many passages in their book which I had doubts about that I could not check because the sources were anonymous, unpublished, or simply too hard to get. It's true that I did not visit the Wang Ming papers in Russia or telephone the Japanese Communist Party. Is Chang and Halliday's invitation to do this a fair substitute for citations to the documents they used – author, title, date, and where seen? I limited my published criticisms to those for which I was able to get hold of what appeared to be all the sources."
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of Mao and the
Chinese Revolution (Spence, 24). Notable but inexhaustive examples include Mao's lack of caring for the plight of Chinese peasants; Stalin and the Comintern's crucial role in founding and funding the CCP and Mao's rise to power; Mao's destruction of the Jinggang revolutionary base for political ends; the Red Army's legendary Long March as a product of Chiang Kai-shek's willingness to let them escape so his son would be returned from captivity in the Soviet Union; the utter fabrication of the most famous tale of the Long March, the battle at the Luding Bridge; Mao's agreement to partition China with Stalin – the list goes on and on.
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questionable, because it has diverged so far from reality. Officially portrayed as an inspiring commander, the authors write that he was nearly left behind by the March and only commanded a fairly small force. He was apparently disliked by almost all of the people on the March and his tactics and strategy were flawed. They also write that Chiang Kai-shek allowed the
Communists to proceed without significant hindrance. They provided the communists with maps and allowed them to escape the clutches of his army because his son was being held hostage in
630:, said that "it has to be taken very seriously as the most thoroughly researched and richly documented piece of synthetic scholarship yet to appear on the rise of Mao and the CCP." Even if "not a sufficiently rich or nuanced interpretive scaffolding to support the full weight of the Chinese experience under Mao", Baum still believed that "this book will most likely change forever the way modern Chinese history is understood and taught."
686:. While he was complimentary of the book in some respects, stating that it "shows special insight into the suffering of Mao's wives and children", and acknowledged that it might make real contributions to the field, Nathan's review was largely negative. He wrote that "many of their discoveries come from sources that cannot be checked, others are openly speculative or are based on circumstantial evidence, and some are untrue." Professor
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cannot be ruled out that the great commercial success of such a supposedly flawed book also interfered with its dispassionate evaluation by some of these authors. ... Most problematic has been the argument repeatedly made ... that Mao's defects, or crimes, must be weighed against his accomplishments. ... Can they balance the loss of millions of lives as a result of profoundly wrongheaded policies (such as the
1314:, 10/2005), scholarly reviewers found many problems with their research and citation methodology and blatant political axe to grind. Specifically, unhelpful citations, manipulated interpretation of sources to suit their argumentation, and blatantly-unsourced assertions mar a seminal study of Mao based on a decade of research and geared towards an important political re-evaluation of a horrible tyrant.
543:, stating that he believed Chang and Halliday's estimates to be mostly correct, and he had revised his figures for China under Mao accordingly. While Rummel's general conclusions remain relevant, his estimates of democide remain on the high-end of the spectrum and have been criticized by scholars as biased, inflated, or otherwise unreliable, and his methodology has been questioned.
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a bum" because at any given time they could be killed but even more would be left alive. Chang and
Halliday say that he was willing for half of China to die to achieve military-nuclear superpowerdom. Estimates of the numbers of deaths during this period vary, though Chang and Halliday's estimate is one of the highest. In a review of the book, sinologist
779:. Benton and Lin write in their introduction that "unlike the worldwide commercial media, ... most professional commentary has been disapproving." They challenge the assertion that Mao was responsible for 70 million deaths, since the number's origin is vague and substantiation shaky. They include an extensive list of further reviews.
580:, calling Chang and Halliday's work "a triumph" which "exposes its subject as probably the most disgusting of the bloody troika of 20th-century tyrant-messiahs, in terms of character, deeds — and number of victims. ... This is the first intimate, political biography of the greatest monster of them all — the Red Emperor of China." In
768:) stated that while "anyone familiar with the lived realities of the Mao years can sympathize with the authors' outrage", one must ask whether "a vengeful spirit serves either author or reader well, especially in the creation of a mass market work that would claim authority and dominance in the study of Mao Zedong and his history."
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Nathan replied to the authors' response, below their letter in the same issue of that journal, his letter including the following points: "Most of Jung Chang and Jon
Halliday's complaints fall into two overlapping categories: I did not check enough sources; I misinterpreted what they or their sources
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criticized the book for its focus "on Mao's conspicuous imperfections (political and sexual), exaggerating them to fantastical heights, and advancing moral criteria for political leaders that they would never apply to a
Roosevelt or a Kennedy"; Ali accused the book of including unsourced and unproven
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but also participated in the trade of it, in order to provide funding for his soldiers. According to
Russian sources that the authors state they found, at the time the trade generated around $ 60 million a year for the Communists. This was stopped only due to overproduction driving down the price and
201:
The book quickly became a best-seller in Europe and North
America. It received overwhelming praise from reviews in national newspapers and drew praise from some academics but mostly critical or mixed by others. Reviews from many China specialists were critical and cite inaccuracies and selectivity in
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The book opens with the sentence: "Mao Tse-tung, who for decades held absolute power over the lives of one-quarter of the world's population, was responsible for well over 70 million deaths in peacetime, more than any other twentieth century leader." He referred to the peasants as "two shoulders and
288:
Mao is also portrayed, along with the
Communist elite, as a privileged person who was usually carried around in litters and protected from the suffering of his subordinates, rather than sharing their hardship. Despite the high level of casualties amongst ordinary soldiers, supposedly no high-ranking
211:
and that Mao had many political opponents arrested and murdered, regardless of their relationship with him. During the 1920s and 1930s, they write that Mao could not have gained control of the party without Stalin's patronage, nor were Mao's decisions during the Long March as heroic and ingenious as
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Chang and
Halliday do not accept the idealistic explanations for Mao's rise to power or common claims for his rule. They portray him as a tyrant who manipulated everyone and everything he could in pursuit of personal power. They state that from his earliest years he was motivated by a lust for power
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In conducting their research for the book over the course of a decade, the authors interviewed hundreds of people who were close to Mao at some point in his life, used recently-published memoirs from Chinese political figures, and explored newly-opened archives in China and Russia. Chang had herself
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It could, quite rightly, be claimed that the opinions that Rummel presents here (they are hardly an example of a serious and empirically-based writing of history) do not deserve to be mentioned in a research review, but they are still perhaps worth bringing up on the basis of the interest in him in
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If Chang and Halliday's historical research is true (although for the above reasons many assertions defy scholarly examination), this book will sound the death-knell of Mao's legacy. Jonathan Spence noted 22 separate instances of historical revisionism that could challenge much of our understanding
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referred to the book as "a major disaster for the contemporary China field" because the "scholarship is put at the service of thoroughly destroying Mao's reputation. The result is an equally stupendous number of quotations out of context, distortion of facts and omission of much of what makes Mao a
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stated that many knowledgeable academics of the field have questioned the factual accuracy of some of Chang and Halliday's claims, notably their selective use of evidence, questioning their stance in the matter, among other criticisms; the article also said that Chang and Halliday's critics did not
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that Chang and Halliday's book was "a valuable contribution to our understanding of Mao and his place in history." Schram offered nuances to translation, ulterior passages within selected texts, and criticisms that suggested the authors were not without significant bias in their structuring of the
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said the book is a "savage indictment, drawing on a host of sources including important Soviet ones, to blow away the miasma of deceit and ignorance which still shrouds Mao's life from many Western eyes." Its weakness is that "it attributes Mao's rise and long rule entirely to repression, and does
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found an 85-year-old eyewitness, Li Guixiu, aged 15 at the time of the crossing, whose account disputed Chang's claims. According to Li, there was a battle: "The fighting started in the evening. There were many killed on the Red Army side. The KMT set fire to the bridge-house on the other side, to
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said: "While some of the critiques of Chang and Halliday were reasonable—especially of the over-emphasis on personality at the expense of other factors and the neglect of competing scholarly sources—the vehemence of the critics' indignation calls into question their scholarly impartiality. ... It
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invited a group of specialists to give assessments of the book in the area of their expertise. Professors Gregor Benton and Steve Tsang wrote that Chang and Halliday "misread sources, use them selectively, use them out of context, or otherwise trim or bend them to cast Mao in an unrelentingly bad
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and emphasized the effect the book could have in the West, writing: "Part of Chang and Halliday's passion for exposing the 'unknown' Mao is clearly aimed at gullible Westerners. ... For decades many in the Western intellectual and political elites have assumed that Mao and his heirs symbolize the
465:) before the conflict started. Also, the book details Mao's desperation in needing economic and military aid promised by the Soviets, as the prime motivating factor in backing Kim Il-sung's invasion of South Korea. Halliday had previously conducted research into this conflict, publishing his book
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newspaper on the book contained a brief statement from Chang and Halliday in regards to the general criticism. The authors said that "the academics' views on Mao and Chinese history cited represent received wisdom of which we were well aware while writing our biography of Mao. We came to our own
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was not the courageous effort portrayed by the Chinese Communist Party and that Mao's role in leading it was exaggerated. Chang refers to the march as a myth that has been tweaked and exaggerated throughout the decades by the Chinese government. They write that today the Long March's validity is
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political scientist Lowell Dittmer added that "surely the depiction is overdrawn" but what emerges is a story of "absolute power", leading first to personal corruption in the form of sexual indulgence and paranoia, and secondly to policy corruption, consisting of the power to realize "fantastic
647:
Chinese people and their culture, and that to show respect to the rulers is the same as showing respect to the subjects. Anyone who reads Jung Chang and Jon Halliday's book should be inoculated against this particular delusion. If the book sells even half as many copies as the 12 million of
40:
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referred to the book as a "magisterial work"; Kristof said that it did a better job demonstrating that Mao was a "catastrophic ruler" than anything else written to date. In his words, "Mao's ruthlessness was ... brilliantly captured in this extraordinary book ... ." Journalist
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agreed that the official accounts were exaggerated. She interviewed a local blacksmith who had witnessed the event and said that "when saw the soldiers coming, they panicked and fled — their officers had long abandoned them. There wasn't really much of a battle." Archives in
854:, the subject of his biography. The letter states: "If this is symptomatic of their overall approach, then I am not surprised that they should find themselves under attack from Andrew Nathan. The issue is not Mao's character and deeds but the ethics of biography."
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caused tens of millions of deaths but disagree on the exact number, which may be significant lower or higher but within that same range. Chang and Halliday write that this period accounts for roughly half of the 70 million total. An official estimate by
297:, who told her that she saw no fighting and that the bridge was not on fire. In addition, she said that despite claims by the Communists that the fighting was fierce, all of the vanguard survived the battle. Chang also cited
417:, in truth they rarely fought the Japanese. Mao was more interested in saving his forces for fighting against the Chinese Nationalists. On the few occasions that the Communists did fight the Japanese, Mao was very angry.
1977:
Rummel has been criticized for exaggerating the losses. Even if the criticisms were valid, a figure lower by 10 or 20 or even 30 percent would make absolutely no difference to the general conclusions that Rummel
1889:
It may be argued that these are quibbles; factual errors occur in the best books. However, Dikötter's errors are strangely consistent. They all serve to strengthen his case against Mao and his fellow leaders.
1354:
360:. He recalled that Deng smiled and said: "Well, that's the way it's presented in our propaganda. We needed that to express the fighting spirit of our forces. In fact, it was a very easy military operation."
1004:
528:, who has had access to newly opened local archives, places the death toll for the Great Leap Forward at 45 million, and describes it as "one of the most deadly mass killings of human history." Dikötter's
393:. When it inevitably failed Mao ordered that the survivors be executed. Chang and Halliday suggest that Mao used other underhanded means in eliminating opponents. Apart from general purges like the
554:
became a bestseller, with United Kingdom sales alone reaching 60,000 in six months. Academics and commentators wrote reviews ranging from great praise to serious criticism. The review aggregator
808:
Historian Rebecca Karl summarizes: "According to many reviewers of , the story told therein is unknown because Chang and Halliday substantially fabricated it or exaggerated it into existence."
787:, wrote that the book was "intellectually scandalous", saying that it "misinterprets evidence, ignores the existing literature, and makes sensationalist claims without proper evidence."
805:, whose knowledge of Mao and China are limited. Ali compared the book's sensationalist passages and denunciations of Mao to Mao's own political slogans during the Cultural Revolution.
759:) said that the book is "not a history in the accepted sense of a reasoned historical analysis", and rather it "reads like an entertaining Chinese version of a TV soap opera."
595:
praised the book for documenting "Mao's crimes and failures in unrelenting, unprecedented detail", and stated he believed it would eventually have a similar impact in China as
801:
claims, including archival material from Mao's political opponents in Taiwan and the Soviet Union whose reliability are disputed, as well as celebrity interviewees, such as
264:
when he came to power in 1949. Mao's determination to use agricultural surplus to subsidize industry and intimidation of dissent led to murderous famines resulting from the
1910:
1024:
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the book's style was "extremely polemic" and he was highly critical of Chang and Halliday's methodology and use of sources as well as specific conclusions. Professor
320:
mention a battle at Luding Bridge, but they relied on second-hand information; however, there is disagreement in other sources over the incident. Chinese journalist
1327:
413:
Chang and Halliday write that in comparison to official history provided by the Chinese authorities that Communist forces waged a tough guerrilla war against the
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leaders died on the journey, regardless of how ill or badly wounded they were. The book says that, contrary to revolutionary mythology, there was no battle at
613:
not explain why so many of his own people remained for so long committed to his insane vision." Michael Yahuda, Professor of International Relations at the
623:. He referred to it as a "magnificent book" and "a stupendous work" which cast "new and revealing light on nearly every episode in Mao's tumultuous life."
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try to melt the chains, and one of the chains was cut. After it was taken, the Red Army took seven days and seven nights to cross." In a speech given at
1753:
775:, edited by Gregor Benton and Lin Chun, brings together fourteen mostly critical previously published academic responses, including the reviews from
268:, exacerbated by allowing the export of grain to continue even when it became clear that China did not have sufficient grain to feed its population.
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184:. In that capacity, they note that Mao is responsible for an unprecedented death toll during peacetime that ranged from 40 to 70 million people.
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1991:
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850:' letter a few weeks later, responding to Nathan's review. Gillies cited Chang's and Halliday's unsourced allegation that apparently libels
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733:, implied that there had been "a conspiracy of academics and scholars who have chosen not to reveal the truth." Goodman stated that as
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While criticizing certain aspects of the book, Stuart Schram, author of the Cambridge History’s biography of Mao, wrote in a review in
2234:
350:
2888:
1845:
2488:
Cheek, Timothy (January 2006). "The New Number One Counter-Revolutionary Inside the Party: Academic Biography as Mass Criticism".
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Benton, Gregor; Tsang, Steven (January 2006). "The Portrayal of Opportunism, Betrayal, and Manipulation in Mao's Rise to Power".
453:
Rather than reluctantly entering the conflict as the Chinese government suggests, Mao is shown to have deliberately entered the
1902:
229:. Chang wrote this biography to debunk the myth of Mao as an emblem of Chinese government that survives into the 21st century.
17:
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305:, battleplans and communiques that indicated the force guarding the bridge had been withdrawn before the Communists arrived.
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2042:. SpringerBriefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice. Vol. 37. New York City, New York: Springer. pp. 111–129.
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report the book received an average score of 64 out of 100, based on 24 reviews from major English-language media press.
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work has been criticized by mainstream China scholars for his problematic use of sources, including criticism by Short.
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found 20 to 30 million to be the most credible number. Chang and Halliday's figure is 37.67 million, which historian
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A number of historical works, even outside of China, do depict such a battle, though not of such heroic proportions.
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256:, and he did not take the initiative in fighting the Japanese invaders. Despite being born into a wealthy peasant (
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that the authors' single focus on Mao's vileness had undermined "much of the power their story might have had."
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Mao is alleged to have exposed men under his command to unnecessary suffering just to eliminate his opponents.
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wrote that "the exact figure ... has been estimated by well-informed writers at between 40 and 70 million."
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252:. They say that Mao sacrificed thousands of troops for the purpose of getting rid of party rivals, such as
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1310:, 11/6/2005), this is a much-needed corrective. But, excluding Waldron's laudatory review ('Mao Lives,'
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general. Hu's son objected to this description and his threat of legal action led Chang's publishers in
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Presentation at the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at Harvard University by Chang and Halliday on
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In this reviewer's opinion, and those of China specialists including Perry Link ('An Abnormal Mind,'
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conclusions and interpretations of events through a decade's research." They responded to sinologist
511:
340:
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and that tales of a "heroic" crossing against the odds was merely propaganda. Chang found a witness,
164:, and his political career. The book summarizes Mao's transition from a rebel against the autocratic
1355:"Was Mao Really a Monster?: The Academic Response to Chang and "Halliday's Mao: The Unknown Story""
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Was Mao Really a Monster?: The Academic Response to Chang and Halliday's "Mao: The Unknown Story"
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Was Mao Really a Monster?: The Academic Response to Chang and Halliday's "Mao: The Unknown Story"
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Was Mao Really a Monster: The Academic Response to Chang and Halliday's "Mao: The Unknown Story"
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One of the allegations in the book against Mao was that he not just tolerated the production of
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Chang and Halliday's book has been strongly criticized by various academics. In December 2005,
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529:
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Lodwick, Kathleen L. (Spring 2005). "Narcotic Culture: A History of Drugs in China (review)".
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From Benito Mussolini to Hugo Chavez: Intellectuals and a Century of Political Hero Worship
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newspaper reported that it had been unable to find Chang's local witness. In addition,
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176:. Chang and Halliday heavily cover Mao's role in the planning and the execution of the
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The book has received praise from a number of commentators and academic experts.
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were claimed to have been secretly working for the Chinese Communists. One such
405:(another Politburo rival) poisoned twice; Wang had to seek treatment in Russia.
858:
536:
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1674:
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1585:[Jung Chang: Mao launched land reform to make the peasants obedient].
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1962:
Post-Holocaust Jewish–Christian Dialogue: After the Flood, before the Rainbow
1846:"Interview: Frank Dikötter, Author of 'Mao's Great Famine' [Updated]"
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969:
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507:
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357:
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85:
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Mao Zedong and China in the twentieth-century world : a concise history
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499:
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Communist officials other than Mao deciding that the practice was immoral.
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157:
57:
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1306:, 11/17/2005), Arthur Waldron, and Jeffrey Wasserstrom ('Mao as Monster,'
1935:
The Genocide Contagion: How We Commit and Confront Holocaust and Genocide
592:
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Open Magazine Publishing (Hong Kong) Publication date: 6 September 2006
152:(1893–1976) that was written by the husband-and-wife team of the writer
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charismatic visions and ignore negative feedback ... ." Geremie Barmé (
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39:
780:
540:
518:, puts the number of famine deaths at 36 million. In his 2010 book
498:
in 1980 put the death toll at 20 million, whereas Mao's biographer
226:
2235:"CDT Bookshelf: Richard Baum recommends 'Mao: The Unknown Story'"
1993:
Crimes Against Humanity under Communist Regimes – Research Review
334:
326:
1580:"Zhāng róng: Máofà dòng tǔgǎi shì yào nóngmín guāiguāi tīnghuà"
944:
Leese, Daniel (September 2007). "The Pitfalls of Demonisation –
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to an embarrassing and dangerous pattern of Western thinking."
515:
442:
282:
369:
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claimed and thereby entered the mythology of the revolution.
173:
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The Battle for China's Past: Mao and the Cultural Revolution
510:
indicated that he believes "may well be the most accurate."
1999:. Stockholm, Sweden: Forum for Living History. p. 79.
285:
and he feared he would be killed if the Communists failed.
2264:
Schram, Stuart (16 March 2007). "Mao: The Unknown Story".
2033:"The Comparative Analysis of Mass Atrocities and Genocide"
2829:
2732:
1147:"Popular History and the Scholars—Mao: The Unknown Story"
426:
2541:
Dittmer, Lowell (January 2006). "Pitfalls of Charisma".
1990:
Karlsson, Klas-Göran; Schoenhals, Michael, eds. (2008).
1298:, 8/14/2005), Jonathan Spence ('Portrait of a Monster,'
260:) family, Mao had little concern for the welfare of the
1665:
Schram, Stuart (March 2007). "Mao: The Unknown Story".
1612:
Schram, Stuart (March 2007). "Mao: The Unknown Story".
1218:"Mao: The Unknown Story by Jung Chang and Jon Halliday"
202:
the use of sources and the polemical portrayal of Mao.
160:, who detail Mao's early life, his introduction to the
2410:. Relevant pages at 361, 362, 363, 375, 376, 380, 381.
2074:"Mao: The Untold Story by Jung Chang and Jon Halliday"
1039:
China experts attack biography's 'misleading' sources
680:
published an extensive evaluation of the book in the
640:
Professor of Chinese literature, praised the book in
372:
in regions that the Communists controlled during the
2040:
R.J. Rummel: An Assessment of His Many Contributions
1844:
Dikötter, Frank; Mishra, Pankaj (15 November 2011).
380:
148:
is a 2005 biography of the Chinese communist leader
857:About some of the critics of the book, sociologist
514:, a Communist party member and former reporter for
248:soviets, were ruled through terror and financed by
2832:(contains audio interview with Chang and Halliday)
1989:
1188:"Storm rages over bestselling book on monster Mao"
672:work and representation of Mao’s views. Professor
301:(KNP), the Chinese Nationalist faction during the
1965:. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. p. 98.
1302:, 11/3/2005), Andrew Nathan ('Jade and Plastic,'
937:
746:complex, contradictory, and multi-sided leader."
2850:
2580:Barmé, Geremie (January 2006). "I'm So Ronree".
2382:Goodman, David S. G. (September 2006). "Mao and
1509:
1507:
485:China scholars agree that the famine during the
356:mentioned a conversation that he once had with
2826:"New Bio Offers Sinister View of Chairman Mao"
2742:Chang, Jung; Halliday, Jon (4 December 2005).
2315:
2313:
1843:
1245:
1243:
1140:
1138:
950:Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions
2741:
2105:"History: Mao by Jung Chang and Jon Halliday"
1903:"Getting My Reestimate Of Mao's Democide Out"
1504:
870:), regardless of their supposed objectives?"
472:
2584:(55). University of Chicago Press: 128–139.
2545:(55). University of Chicago Press: 119–128.
2492:(55). University of Chicago Press: 109–118.
2268:(189). Cambridge University Press: 205–208.
1669:(189). Cambridge University Press: 205–208.
1616:(189). Cambridge University Press: 205–208.
1211:
1209:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1025:"The inhuman touch - Mao: The Unknown Story"
225:deliberately did not pursue and capture the
2802:. Cambridge University Press. p. 171.
2439:(55). University of Chicago Press: 95–109.
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1391:
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2625:(1st ed.). Routledge. pp. 9–11.
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445:to abandon the release of the book there.
192:, which she described in her earlier book
38:
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2047:
1938:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 203.
1435:UCSD Modern Chinese History Research Site
1282:UCSD Modern Chinese History Research Site
1206:
1172:
1160:(2). Association for Asian Studies: 58–60
1005:"Too much hate, too little understanding"
232:Areas under Communist control during the
2619:Benton, Gregor; Chun, Lin, eds. (2010).
2180:
1513:
1384:
1326:Benton, Gregor; Chun, Lin, eds. (2010).
811:
2768:
2540:
2381:
2128:
2103:Montefiore, Simon Sebag (29 May 2005).
1774:
1352:
1249:
1144:
721:, Professor of Chinese Politics at the
546:
539:published updated figures on worldwide
14:
2851:
2386:: conspiracy, narrative and history".
2350:
2320:Nathan, Andrew J. (17 November 2005).
2319:
2263:
2206:
1958:
1931:
1900:
1817:
1743:
1664:
1611:
729:that the book, like other examples of
2769:Gillies, Donald A. (5 January 2006).
2579:
2487:
2232:
2129:Kristof, Nicholas (23 October 2005).
2030:
1870:
1553:. Stanford University. Archived from
1540:Brzezinski, Zbigniew (9 March 2005).
1437:. University of California, San Diego
1284:. University of California, San Diego
1215:
1185:
943:
628:University of California, Los Angeles
2699:
2351:Spence, Jonathan (3 November 2005).
2154:
1901:Rummel, Rudolph (30 November 2005).
1820:"Staying Power: Mao and the Maoists"
1744:Becker, Jasper (25 September 2010).
1428:
1397:
1275:
1116:
761:University of California at Berkeley
457:, having promised Chinese troops to
408:
2672:
2645:
2157:"Mao: Ten Parts Bad, No Parts Good"
1913:from the original on 23 August 2021
1818:Mishra, Pankaj (20 December 2010).
1514:McDonald, Hamish (8 October 2005).
1464:. HarperCollins. pp. 161–165.
1459:
1186:Fenby, Jonathan (4 December 2005).
363:
24:
2363:from the original on 27 March 2020
1756:from the original on 11 April 2012
1250:Pomfret, John (11 December 2005).
25:
2915:
2819:
1353:Hayford, Charles W. (June 2011).
1145:Hayford, Charles W. (Fall 2006).
1059:"China's Monster, Second to None"
381:Campaigns against Mao's opponents
276:Chang and Halliday said that the
188:lived through the turmoil of the
2771:"Letters: A Question of Sources"
2744:"Letters: A Question of Sources"
2332:from the original on 11 May 2008
2233:Beach, Sophie (September 2005).
1091:The Private Life of Chairman Mao
995:"This book will shake the world"
816:In December 2005, an article by
617:, also expressed his support in
314:The Long March: The Untold Story
2889:Collaborative non-fiction books
2789:
2762:
2693:
2666:
2639:
2612:
2573:
2534:
2481:
2428:
2375:
2344:
2257:
2226:
2207:Yahuda, Michael (4 June 2005).
2200:
2183:"The long march to mass murder"
2174:
2148:
2122:
2096:
2066:
2024:
1983:
1952:
1925:
1894:
1864:
1852:. Asia Society Policy Institute
1837:
1811:
1768:
1737:
1711:
1658:
1605:
1593:from the original on 6 May 2021
1589:(in Chinese). 19 October 2006.
1572:
1533:
1478:
1453:
1422:
948:and its Medial Repercussions".
715:deny Mao's monstrous actions.
1398:Link, Perry (14 August 2005).
1346:
1319:
1269:
1110:
938:References and further reading
911:In July 2005, the book was on
873:
766:Australian National University
757:University of British Columbia
626:Professor Richard Baum of the
397:and other operations like the
351:U.S. National Security Advisor
349:earlier in March 2005, former
329:further supported this claim.
13:
1:
2328:. Vol. 27, no. 22.
2181:Hastings, Max (5 June 2005).
2155:Dyer, Gwynne (13 June 2005).
2038:. In Gleditish, N. P. (ed.).
1718:O'Neill, Mark (6 July 2008).
1516:"A Swan's Little Book of Ire"
1404:The Times Literary Supplement
1104:
827:'s review in a letter to the
643:The Times Literary Supplement
535:In 2005, political scientist
448:
271:
2673:Ali, Tariq (November 2010).
2357:The New York Review of Books
2049:10.1007/978-3-319-54463-2_12
1216:Walsh, John (10 June 2005).
703:
524:, Hong Kong-based historian
27:2005 biography of Mao Zedong
7:
2750:. Vol. 27, no. 24
2652:. Pluto Press. p. 11.
1874:Mao: The Man Who Made China
1332:(1st ed.). Routledge.
1083:
561:
439:National Revolutionary Army
205:
10:
2920:
2894:History books about famine
2777:. Vol. 28, no. 1
2526:: CS1 maint: postscript (
2473:: CS1 maint: postscript (
2420:: CS1 maint: postscript (
2302:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1932:Charny, Israel W. (2016).
1777:China Review International
1703:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1650:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1486:"Throwing the book at Mao"
1121:. New York: Anchor Books.
920:
917:bestseller list at No. 2.
900:New York, 18 October 2005
878:
615:London School of Economics
473:Number of deaths under Mao
316:and Charlotte Salisbury's
174:People's Republic of China
2864:Biographies of Mao Zedong
2700:Karl, Rebecca E. (2010).
2675:"On Mao's Contradictions"
2400:10.1080/09512740600875135
2274:10.1017/S030574100600107X
1877:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
1675:10.1017/s030574100600107x
1622:10.1017/s030574100600107x
1520:The Sydney Morning Herald
1296:Times Literary Supplement
1009:The Independent on Sunday
962:10.1080/14690760701571320
846:published the biographer
605:did in the Soviet Union.
494:'s high-ranking official
341:The Sydney Morning Herald
129:
121:
109:
101:
91:
81:
71:
63:
49:
37:
2874:Book censorship in China
2869:Books about Maoist China
2796:Hollander, Paul (2016).
2394:(3). Routledge: 39–384.
1959:Berger, Alan L. (2014).
1724:South China Morning Post
1720:"A hunger for the truth"
1581:
1551:Freeman Spogli Institute
1543:America and the New Asia
1431:"Mao: The Unknown Story"
1300:New York Review of Books
1278:"Mao: The Unknown Story"
1015:"The long march to evil"
790:Writing for the Marxist
697:New York Review of Books
660:
421:Communist sleeper agents
395:Hundred Flowers Campaign
2353:"Portrait of a Monster"
2031:Harff, Barbara (2017).
1049:"Mao: A Super Monster?"
755:light." Timothy Cheek (
653:, it could deliver the
492:Chinese Communist Party
425:Notable members of the
162:Chinese Communist Party
33:Mao: The Unknown Story
2859:2005 non-fiction books
2838:Mao: The Unknown Story
2775:London Review of Books
2748:London Review of Books
2326:London Review of Books
1871:Short, Philip (2016).
1304:London Review of Books
1194:. Guardian Media Group
1119:Mao: The Unknown Story
1055:(2006, vol. 79, No. 2)
946:Mao: The Unknown Story
887:New York, 2 June 2005
843:London Review of Books
830:London Review of Books
785:University of Adelaide
731:historical revisionism
683:London Review of Books
597:Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
572:Simon Sebag Montefiore
552:Mao: The Unknown Story
530:historical revisionist
467:Korea: The Unknown War
415:Imperial Japanese Army
145:Mao: The Unknown Story
18:Mao: the Unknown Story
2904:Works banned in China
2708:Duke University Press
2131:"'Mao': The Real Mao"
1789:10.1353/cri.2005.0147
1746:"Systematic genocide"
1222:Asian Review of Books
1071:"The Mao That Roared"
1061:by Michiko Kakutani,
812:Response to criticism
602:The Gulag Archipelago
310:Harrison E. Salisbury
166:Kuomintang government
2516:. Quotes at pp. 110.
1560:on 17 September 2006
1460:Sun, Shuyun (2006).
1429:Haas, Brent (2006).
1276:Haas, Brent (2006).
1154:Education About Asia
1117:Jung, Chang (2005).
852:Archibald Clark Kerr
796:, British historian
723:University of Sydney
638:Princeton University
547:Reception and impact
2899:Jonathan Cape books
2879:Books by Jung Chang
2266:The China Quarterly
2239:China Digital Times
1667:The China Quarterly
1640:. Quoted at p. 205.
1614:The China Quarterly
1256:The Washington Post
1098:Red Star Over China
1041:by Jonathan Fenby,
1033:The Financial Times
1017:by Roy Hattersley,
997:by Lisa Allardice,
985:"Homo sanguinarius"
868:Cultural Revolution
771:The 2009 anthology
743:Columbia University
719:David S. G. Goodman
678:Columbia University
668:The China Quarterly
574:lauded the book in
399:Cultural Revolution
354:Zbigniew Brzezinski
347:Stanford University
234:Second United Front
218:Red Star Over China
190:Cultural Revolution
182:Cultural Revolution
44:First edition cover
34:
2646:Gao, Mobo (2008).
2388:The Pacific Review
2322:"Jade and Plastic"
2292:. Quote at p. 208.
2135:The New York Times
1400:"An abnormal mind"
1371:10.14288/1.0045080
1252:"Chairman Monster"
1228:on 1 November 2005
1064:The New York Times
864:Great Leap Forward
727:The Pacific Review
583:The New York Times
521:Mao's Great Famine
487:Great Leap Forward
266:Great Leap Forward
178:Great Leap Forward
172:dictator over the
156:and the historian
32:
2840:, 24 October 2005
2717:978-0-8223-4780-4
2582:The China Journal
2543:The China Journal
2490:The China Journal
2463:. Quote at p. 96.
2437:The China Journal
2384:The Da Vinci Code
1410:on 16 August 2007
1079:, 23 October 2005
1073:by Adi Ignatius,
1067:, 21 October 2005
1045:, 4 December 2005
1007:by Frank McLynn,
848:Donald A. Gillies
751:The China Journal
502:in his 2000 book
409:Sino-Japanese War
374:Chinese Civil War
332:In October 2005,
303:Chinese Civil War
262:Chinese peasantry
238:Chinese Civil War
141:
140:
102:Publication place
16:(Redirected from
2911:
2814:
2813:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2739:
2730:
2729:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2590:10.2307/20066124
2577:
2571:
2570:
2551:10.2307/20066123
2538:
2532:
2531:
2525:
2517:
2498:10.2307/20066122
2485:
2479:
2478:
2472:
2464:
2445:10.2307/20066121
2432:
2426:
2425:
2419:
2411:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2317:
2308:
2307:
2301:
2293:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2241:. Archived from
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2109:The Sunday Times
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2080:. Archived from
2070:
2064:
2063:
2051:
2037:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:the blogosphere.
2015:
2013:
1998:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1907:Democratic Peace
1898:
1892:
1891:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1702:
1694:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1649:
1641:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1582:張戎：毛髮動土改是要農民乖乖聽話
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1559:
1548:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1511:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1492:. 8 October 2005
1482:
1476:
1475:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1406:. Archived from
1395:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1291:
1289:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1247:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1224:. Archived from
1213:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1183:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1132:
1114:
1051:by Alfred Chan,
1029:Richard McGregor
981:
956:(3–4): 677–682.
914:The Sunday Times
825:Andrew J. Nathan
739:Thomas Bernstein
674:Andrew J. Nathan
588:Nicholas Kristof
461:(then leader of
364:Opium production
318:Long March Diary
93:Publication date
42:
35:
31:
21:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2849:
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2817:
2810:
2794:
2790:
2780:
2778:
2767:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2740:
2733:
2718:
2710:. pp. ix.
2698:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2679:New Left Review
2671:
2667:
2660:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2617:
2613:
2578:
2574:
2539:
2535:
2519:
2518:
2486:
2482:
2466:
2465:
2433:
2429:
2413:
2412:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2364:
2349:
2345:
2335:
2333:
2318:
2311:
2295:
2294:
2262:
2258:
2248:
2246:
2245:on 6 April 2007
2231:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2205:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2111:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2085:
2084:on 14 July 2011
2072:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2035:
2029:
2025:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1973:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1914:
1899:
1895:
1885:
1869:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1816:
1812:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1742:
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1696:
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1454:
1440:
1438:
1427:
1423:
1413:
1411:
1396:
1385:
1375:
1373:
1359:Pacific Affairs
1351:
1347:
1340:
1324:
1320:
1308:Chicago Tribune
1287:
1285:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1248:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1214:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1184:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1149:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1086:
1053:Pacific Affairs
940:
923:
898:Alfred A. Knopf
881:
876:
814:
793:New Left Review
735:popular history
706:
692:Yale University
688:Jonathan Spence
663:
568:Popular history
564:
549:
475:
451:
423:
411:
383:
366:
274:
223:Chiang Kai-shek
208:
110:Media type
94:
56:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2917:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2884:Censored books
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2847:
2846:
2833:
2821:
2820:External links
2818:
2816:
2815:
2808:
2788:
2761:
2731:
2716:
2692:
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2005:
1982:
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1824:The New Yorker
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1035:, 17 June 2005
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859:Paul Hollander
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526:Frank Dikötter
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2681:. No. 66
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2240:
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2209:"Bad element"
2203:
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2187:The Telegraph
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2002:
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1968:
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1941:
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2754:20 November
2706:. Durham :
2685:20 November
2367:20 November
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2161:Gwynne Dyer
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2012:21 November
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1829:21 November
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1288:20 November
1261:20 November
1232:20 November
1198:20 November
1164:20 November
874:Publication
803:Lech Wałęsa
725:, wrote in
593:Gwynne Dyer
504:Mao: A Life
463:North Korea
459:Kim Il Sung
437:, a senior
391:Gobi desert
295:Li Xiu-zhen
97:2 June 2005
2853:Categories
2078:Metacritic
1549:(Speech).
1471:000719479X
1312:Commentary
1128:0679746323
1105:References
932:9627934194
906:0679422714
893:0224071262
650:Wild Swans
634:Perry Link
608:Historian
556:Metacritic
496:Hu Yaobang
455:Korean War
449:Korean War
435:Hu Zongnan
322:Sun Shuyun
299:Kuomintang
278:Long March
272:Long March
213:Edgar Snow
195:Wild Swans
154:Jung Chang
150:Mao Zedong
76:Mao Zedong
54:Jung Chang
2726:503828045
2606:144957272
2567:143416569
2514:145453303
2461:144181404
2408:144521610
2290:154814055
1805:145806462
1797:1527-9367
1691:154814055
1638:154814055
1587:Renminbao
978:144337070
970:1469-0764
798:Tariq Ali
783:, of the
704:Criticism
636:, then a
577:The Times
403:Wang Ming
401:, he had
115:hardcover
82:Publisher
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2559:20066123
2506:20066122
2453:20066121
2361:Archived
2330:Archived
2282:20192754
1911:Archived
1754:Archived
1683:20192754
1630:20192754
1591:Archived
1084:See also
866:and the
781:Gao Mobo
562:Positive
541:democide
227:Red Army
206:Synopsis
198:(1991).
180:and the
64:Language
1917:9 April
1490:The Age
921:Chinese
879:English
570:author
335:The Age
327:Chengdu
242:Jiangxi
168:to the
113:Print (
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283:Moscow
246:Yan'an
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2510:S2CID
2502:JSTOR
2457:S2CID
2449:JSTOR
2404:S2CID
2286:S2CID
2278:JSTOR
2036:(PDF)
1997:(PDF)
1801:S2CID
1687:S2CID
1679:JSTOR
1634:S2CID
1626:JSTOR
1558:(PDF)
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1150:(PDF)
974:S2CID
661:Mixed
370:opium
258:kulak
250:opium
122:Pages
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