946:, is a Malay-lexified pidgin, which is spoken in Singapore. Tamil and Hokkien contributed to the development of Bazaar Malay, with Hokkien being the dominant substrate language of Bazaar Malay, with Malay being the lexifier language. However, there are many input languages spoken by immigrants that also contributed to the development of Bazaar Malay, including languages spoken by Malays, Chinese, Indians, Eurasians, and Europeans. Singapore Bazaar Malay emerged along with the opening of Singapore's free trade port in 1819, to overcome barriers in communication and business transactions. Since Singapore has only four official languages (English, Mandarin, Malay, and Tamil), Singapore Bazaar Malay not only is a lingua franca in interethnic communication, it is also used in intra-group communication. Singapore Bazaar Malay is mostly spoken by elders and middle-aged workers today, but its language status is declining due to education policies and language campaigns with less than 10,000 speakers.
3822:
3453:
4460:
2453:
1232:
It is now widely spoken as the first language in
Makassar City and its surrounding areas, especially those who were born after 1980's. It has widely spread to the entire region in southern part of Sulawesi island, including in the provinces of Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara, and Sulawesi Barat
1240:
Furthermore, apart from those three provinces in the southern part of
Sulawesi island, Makassar Malay also used by people in some parts of Sulawesi Tengah Province, especially when communicating with people from those three provinces. It can also be used when communicating with people from other
1236:
Makassar Malay used as a default dialect or neutral language when communicating with people from other tribes or ethnicities whom do not share the same local language to the native local speakers in those three provinces. It appears that
Makassar Malay also used as the first language of younger
417:
male settlers and local Malay women, it has "more
Hokkien grammar and more Malay lexicon". As of 2014, there are 1,000 speakers in Malaysia and another 1,000 in Singapore. It is mostly spoken among the older populations. In 1986, Pakir estimated there were 5,000 speakers in Singapore. A
2011:. Speakers perceive Alor Malay to be a different register of standard Indonesian, but both of these are prestige varieties of the archipelago. Many people are able to understand standard Indonesian, but cannot speak it fluently and choose to use Alor Malay on a daily basis.
627:(national language), a local language and Chinese elements (ancestry/ethnic language, particularly for certain jargon or glossary such as family relations, business and commerce, and culinary fields). The most famous variety is found in East Java, especially in
949:
Bazaar Malay is used in a limited extent in
Singapore and Malaysia, mostly among the older generation or people with no working knowledge of English. The most important reason that contributed to the decline of Bazaar Malay is that pidgin Malay has
1078:
is a local trade language. There are a large number of native speakers in urban areas, mainly children who have a second native language. There are also some speakers in the southernmost parts of the
Philippines, particularly in the
3188:. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Information Structure of Austronesian Languages, 10 April 2014. Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. p. 194.
683:
Apart from East Javan
Chinese-Indonesian, other Chinese-Indonesians tend to speak the language varieties of the places in which they live, such as the Central Javan Chinese-Indonesian can speak with formal/high Javanese
1616:
The creoles of eastern
Indonesia appear to have formed as Malays, using lingua franca Malay, established their monopoly on the spice trade before the European colonial era. They have a number of features in common:
954:
and created several new languages. Another reason is due to language shift in both formal and informal contexts, Bazaar Malay in
Singapore is gradually being replaced by English, with English and its creole
752:. Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian, a vernacular form of Indonesian that has spread from Jakarta into large areas of Java and replaced existing Malay dialects, has its roots in Betawi Malay. According to
4406:
2660:, and the name Minahasa Malay is also used, after the main ethnic group speaking the language. Since Manado Malay is used primarily for spoken communication, there is no standard orthography.
2610:. It is a language with unspecified linguistic affiliation. According to 2007 data, this language is spoken by 20,000 speakers, mainly the people of East Flores. Larantuka Malay is the
1425:("village speak") by its speakers. Balinese Malay is the primary language of ethnic Malay who live in the northwestern part of the island, mainly in the districts of Melaya and Negara,
4809:
168:
Besides the general simplification that occurs with pidgins, the Malay lingua franca had several distinctive characteristics. One was that possessives were formed with
6423:
3836:
2909:(literally 'market language'), and the name Ternate Malay is also used, after the main ethnic group speaking the language. This language is commonly written using
4733:
4393:
2913:
by its speakers even though it does not have a standardized orthography since this language is used primarily for spoken communication . One of its varieties is
4740:
639:
Javanese) and informal tone, which is not only spoken by
Chinese-Indonesian in Surabaya, but also by non-Chinese-Indonesians when conversing with the former.
9237:
4823:
4290:
5414:
5068:
4914:
4712:
4928:
4677:
4556:
4532:
145:. Also, Malay spread through interethnic contact and trade across the south East Asia Archipelago as far as the Philippines. That contact resulted in a
6409:
6402:
4975:
4942:
4921:
4868:
4606:
4320:. Pacific Linguistics A-81. Canberra: Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. pp. 177–195.
9168:
6416:
5082:
5047:
4802:
4781:
3255:
11013:
9271:
4836:
4795:
4707:
4611:
4586:
4448:
688:
Javanese) when necessary, while in daily conversation they will use Indonesia-Javanese-Chinese pidgin. West Javan Chinese-Indonesians tend to mix
9669:
9193:
6248:
5432:
4980:
4970:
4965:
4955:
4753:
2198:. Significantly different from Ambonese Malay and for Ambonese, Banda Malay tends to be perceived as sounding funny due to its unique features.
4950:
4831:
4748:
4717:
4687:
3949:
3078:
6724:
4893:
3905:
Paper Presented by June Jacob at the Tenth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics Held in Puerto Princesa, Palawan, Philippines
4087:
9204:
4935:
4888:
4621:
2914:
2831:
2670:
753:
10862:
2985:) for trading and daily communication. Nowadays, it has a growing number of native speakers. More recently, the vernacular of Indonesian
732:. It is the native language of perhaps 5 million people; a precise number is difficult to determine due to the vague use of the name.
9711:
4127:
Bos, Paula R. (2005). "Nagi music and community: belonging and displacement in Larantuka, eastern Indonesia". In Hae-kyung Um (ed.).
11429:
4426:
2014:
Alor Malay is based on Kupang Malay; however, Alor Malay differs significantly from Kupang Malay, especially in its pronouns.
842:(also known as Malaccan Creole Malay, Malacca Malay Creole and Chitties/Chetties Malay) is a Malay-based creole spoken by the
10496:
9752:
5932:
4377:
882:, also known as Sri Lankan Creole Malay, bahasa Melayu, Ja basawa, or Java mozhi, is a Malay-based creole language spoken in
918:. Today, the number of speakers of the language have dwindled considerably but it has continued to be spoken notably in the
11006:
4441:
4225:. Pacific Linguistics Series A - No.78. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University. pp. 1–61.
9662:
7547:
4477:
4402:
Malay creole boy, Hottentot Square Cape Town; Malay boy of Cape Town [picture] / George French Angas delt. et lithog.
2484:
3727:
Klamer, Marion (2014). "The Alor-Pantar languages: Linguistic context, history and typology.". In Klamer, Marian (ed.).
2529:. Roughly around 60 out of 200 attested words in this language were indicated sharing vocabulary with those languages.
195:
6102:
4250:
4162:
4144:
4102:
3746:
3862:
4174:
3666:
2269:
which was used in wider social interactions in society (Todd, 1974:50). Due to the long historical presence of the
2068:
in Eastern Indonesia. Malay has been taught in schools and churches in Ambon, and because of this it has become a
11449:
11444:
11434:
10999:
8360:
4434:
2474:
1233:
as regional lingua franca or as second language due to contact or doing business with people from Makassar City.
4312:
623:
living in various regions of Indonesia, most visibly in Surabaya and Medan. It is a mixture of three languages:
11439:
10201:
9655:
7756:
7663:
4333:
3200:
3881:
2858:
can be found in Sula Malay. Some contraction vocabulary can also be found in this language, as is the case in
11210:
11069:
8819:
7829:
7713:
5190:
4362:. LOT Occasional Series, Vol. 9. Utrecht: LOT, Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics. pp. 117–150.
1446:
1439:
4358:
Stoel, Ruben (2007). "The Intonation of Manado Malay". In van Heuven, Vincent J.; van Zanten, Ellen (eds.).
2850:. The Sula Malay is heavily influenced by other languages, This can be found in loan words originating from
10766:
10196:
6809:
6626:
6084:
2439:
891:
839:
832:
798:
385:
3263:
8446:
7201:
6854:
2962:
3624:
Bagus, I Gusti Ngurah; Denes, I Made; Laksana, I Ketut Darma; Putrini, Nyoman; Ginarsa, I Ketut (1985).
11408:
10236:
8740:
8717:
7903:
7650:
7025:
5971:
5681:
5676:
2997:. It is spoken in Indonesian New Guinea alongside 274 other languages and functions as a lingua franca.
4221:
Lim, Sonny (1988). "Baba Malay: the language of the 'Straits-born' Chinese". In Steinhauer, H. (ed.).
10091:
9757:
8984:
8167:
7464:
7361:
7178:
7053:
6819:
6774:
6500:
6480:
6366:
5784:
5774:
5611:
5541:
5483:
5155:
4518:
1454:
4368:
3821:
3452:
3097:
10121:
9777:
9613:
9276:
9260:
8547:
7595:
7306:
7206:
6333:
5900:
5533:
1518:
879:
873:
862:, who have adopted Chinese and Malay cultural practices whilst also retaining their Hindu heritage.
11454:
10934:
10847:
10578:
10331:
10281:
10261:
10181:
10166:
10101:
9735:
9265:
8954:
8618:
7867:
7804:
7635:
6376:
6361:
6062:
6002:
5940:
5812:
5596:
4116:
4056:
4029:
2510:
2316:
4456:
4045:"Kajian dialektologi diakronis enklave Melayu Bacan, Ternate, dan Sula di Provinsi Maluku Utara"
1457:
in the early 20th century to facilitate communication between the various groups working in the
11277:
11097:
11022:
10962:
10899:
10425:
10086:
9991:
9946:
9886:
9747:
9553:
8768:
8679:
8656:
8054:
7953:
7668:
7103:
6944:
6699:
5686:
5571:
5556:
5455:
4464:
4363:
4170:
4044:
4015:
3901:"Developing a role for Kupang Malay: the contemporary politics of an eastern Indonesian creole"
3785:"Beberapa Catatan Tentang Bahasa Melayu Dili: Studi Awal Mengenai Bahasa Melayu Di Timor Timur"
2910:
2506:
2320:
1502:
1470:
810:
10396:
4261:
4175:"Language Contact and Metatypic Restructuring in the Directional System of North Maluku Malay"
4017:
Kajian dialektologi diakronis enklave Melayu Bacan, Ternate, dan Sula di Provinsi Maluku Utara
3784:
3037:
11123:
10804:
10306:
10186:
9931:
9784:
9678:
9063:
8252:
7991:
7966:
7938:
6987:
6706:
6576:
5860:
5739:
5671:
3232:
2978:
2958:
11332:
11235:
10957:
10939:
10681:
10660:
10251:
9941:
9772:
9762:
9325:
9198:
8626:
8079:
8034:
7673:
7537:
7281:
7211:
6972:
6581:
6541:
6075:
6039:
6024:
5850:
5842:
5827:
5734:
5661:
5656:
5616:
5566:
5462:
5340:
4789:
4563:
3348:
2878:
2872:
2859:
2743:
1226:
1176:
1088:
951:
907:
734:
Betawi Malay is a popular informal language in contemporary Indonesia, used as the base of
3737:
756:, there is no clear border distinguishing Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian from Betawi Malay.
8:
11388:
11310:
11305:
11218:
11193:
10909:
10857:
10822:
10655:
10549:
10440:
10286:
10231:
9976:
9831:
9806:
9452:
9425:
9212:
8393:
8232:
7774:
7341:
7221:
7033:
6884:
6685:
6495:
6188:
6160:
6029:
5984:
5880:
5817:
5769:
5490:
5476:
5469:
5260:
5205:
5061:
4497:
3220:
2990:
2274:
1241:
people from other provinces in Eastern Indonesia and in the province of East Kalimantan.
1100:
919:
774:
767:
624:
130:
4291:"Meet the Chetti Melaka, or Peranakan Indians, striving to save their vanishing culture"
4097:. Tempe: Program for Southeast Asian Studies, Arizona State University. pp. 21–38.
2265:(Bloomfield, 1933; Hall, 1966). Then, in its development, this pidgin language became a
11223:
10623:
10529:
10371:
10336:
10301:
10156:
10136:
10106:
9846:
9462:
9369:
9293:
9287:
9084:
8992:
8921:
8809:
8565:
8522:
8487:
8335:
8320:
8064:
7794:
7779:
7477:
7379:
7311:
7118:
7015:
6789:
6644:
6616:
6551:
6198:
6178:
6145:
6140:
6130:
6125:
6055:
6034:
6009:
5905:
5885:
5621:
5601:
5265:
5225:
5130:
5125:
5089:
5054:
5017:
4990:
4854:
4727:
4654:
4626:
4581:
3543:
Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific, Asia and the Americas
3020:
Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific, Asia and the Americas
2946:
2553:
2356:
1104:
1092:
1023:
689:
620:
118:
9851:
2594:), also known as Nagi, is a Malay-based creole language spoken in the eastern part of
2431:
2181:
1403:
1237:
generation who live in the cities or regencies' capital across those three provinces.
1213:
1061:
602:
377:
11368:
11363:
11353:
11327:
11322:
11317:
11285:
11245:
11163:
11128:
11059:
10874:
10852:
10746:
10645:
10640:
10628:
10618:
10583:
10381:
10346:
10176:
10146:
10016:
9916:
9906:
9767:
9706:
9693:
9586:
9578:
9539:
9495:
9475:
9314:
8936:
8913:
8885:
8799:
8791:
8408:
8368:
8325:
8310:
8237:
8227:
8212:
8207:
7819:
7764:
7688:
7605:
7389:
7351:
7336:
7326:
7226:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7038:
6934:
6929:
6909:
6834:
6759:
6692:
6671:
6664:
6606:
6596:
6536:
6531:
6485:
6464:
6447:
6318:
6308:
6110:
5989:
5922:
5870:
5865:
5807:
5749:
5729:
5709:
5704:
5666:
5641:
5606:
5591:
5561:
5518:
5508:
5408:
5350:
5300:
5255:
5230:
5220:
5185:
5165:
5160:
5135:
5107:
5035:
4847:
4816:
4768:
4697:
4692:
4596:
4550:
4526:
4373:
4339:
4329:
4270:
4246:
4158:
4150:
4140:
4108:
4098:
4052:
4025:
3869:(in Indonesian). Indonesia: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia.
3742:
3692:
3421:
2994:
2522:
2057:
1494:
903:
814:
749:
126:
122:
104:
10126:
9966:
5875:
4418:
4311:
Steinhauer, Hein (1991). "Malay in east Indonesia: the case of Larantuka (Flores)".
4195:
Nationalism and regionalism in a colonial context: Minahasa in the Dutch East Indies
2480:
11358:
11300:
11265:
11255:
11240:
11155:
10869:
10837:
10832:
10691:
10665:
10650:
10593:
10524:
10366:
10326:
10246:
10241:
10221:
10211:
10171:
10161:
10151:
10096:
10066:
10056:
10011:
9981:
9891:
9856:
9740:
9572:
9533:
9490:
9470:
9447:
9439:
9410:
9346:
9282:
9078:
9048:
9028:
9013:
8893:
8867:
8847:
8804:
8697:
8590:
8575:
8570:
8560:
8537:
8464:
8350:
8345:
8315:
8265:
8172:
8157:
8147:
8132:
8107:
8087:
8044:
8039:
8019:
7852:
7809:
7769:
7721:
7698:
7658:
7640:
7630:
7527:
7512:
7452:
7404:
7316:
7286:
7241:
7186:
7148:
7133:
7098:
7088:
7068:
7002:
6977:
6952:
6914:
6849:
6839:
6799:
6657:
6650:
6634:
6591:
6571:
6566:
6556:
6521:
6459:
6371:
6356:
6351:
6273:
6268:
6211:
6173:
6168:
6115:
5979:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5910:
5895:
5764:
5696:
5651:
5586:
5551:
5498:
5422:
5400:
5380:
5355:
5290:
5250:
5245:
5235:
5215:
5180:
5140:
5010:
5003:
4985:
4861:
4758:
4702:
4672:
4647:
4540:
4505:
4407:
The Malay Chetty Creole Language Of Malacca A Historical And Linguistic Perspective
4321:
4295:
4236:
4226:
4207:
4132:
3732:
3625:
3556:
3500:
3087:
3052:
2954:
2835:
2526:
2518:
2514:
2008:
1490:
1426:
1300:
1080:
990:
982:
922:
of Southern Sri Lanka, which has traditionally been home to many Sri Lankan Malays.
911:
887:
735:
693:
3183:
2053:. It was first brought by traders from Western Indonesia, then developed when the
11378:
11373:
11295:
11290:
11260:
11228:
11198:
10889:
10879:
10733:
10701:
10696:
10686:
10633:
10571:
10564:
10513:
10356:
10271:
10266:
10206:
10111:
10076:
10071:
10061:
10051:
10006:
9996:
9986:
9926:
9921:
9901:
9896:
9727:
9701:
9591:
9546:
9510:
9500:
9415:
9384:
9178:
9158:
9121:
9117:
9073:
9058:
9043:
8964:
8926:
8903:
8837:
8832:
8781:
8776:
8753:
8730:
8646:
8631:
8585:
8527:
8517:
8492:
8431:
8403:
8383:
8378:
8330:
8280:
8270:
8197:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8162:
8152:
8142:
8117:
8092:
8069:
8059:
8029:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7981:
7923:
7842:
7814:
7799:
7784:
7736:
7726:
7703:
7693:
7683:
7620:
7610:
7585:
7565:
7532:
7522:
7517:
7507:
7492:
7487:
7472:
7419:
7414:
7399:
7374:
7346:
7296:
7291:
7271:
7236:
7231:
7216:
7191:
7168:
7143:
7128:
7123:
7113:
7083:
7010:
6904:
6894:
6864:
6859:
6829:
6814:
6804:
6784:
6779:
6749:
6678:
6639:
6611:
6601:
6546:
6526:
6505:
6475:
6470:
6453:
6442:
6396:
6346:
6313:
6303:
6221:
6216:
6206:
6183:
6150:
6092:
6048:
5995:
5855:
5822:
5792:
5646:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5546:
5523:
5442:
5365:
5360:
5345:
5325:
5315:
5310:
5295:
5210:
5170:
4903:
4774:
4571:
3559:. Jakarta Field Station of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
2982:
2729:
2639:
2615:
2581:
2575:
2348:
2266:
2262:
2126:
2038:
1530:
1510:
1482:
1462:
1367:
1342:
1330:
1163:
1084:
1015:
740:
713:
706:
559:
533:
514:
334:
72:
64:
7073:
2444:
11188:
11074:
11064:
11043:
10842:
10559:
10501:
10469:
10464:
10386:
10376:
10361:
10321:
10296:
10291:
10276:
10256:
10226:
10216:
10191:
10141:
10116:
10046:
10041:
10001:
9971:
9911:
9871:
9866:
9861:
9841:
9821:
9801:
9638:
9605:
9505:
9433:
9359:
9320:
9299:
9188:
9163:
9153:
9143:
9053:
9038:
9023:
8969:
8857:
8842:
8758:
8748:
8725:
8702:
8687:
8669:
8641:
8636:
8600:
8580:
8532:
8512:
8502:
8469:
8459:
8454:
8423:
8413:
8398:
8388:
8373:
8340:
8275:
8260:
8242:
8222:
8192:
8127:
8122:
8102:
8097:
7971:
7928:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7895:
7885:
7875:
7857:
7847:
7837:
7746:
7741:
7678:
7625:
7615:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7560:
7429:
7424:
7409:
7321:
7301:
7266:
7251:
7246:
7196:
7138:
7058:
6993:
6967:
6879:
6844:
6824:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6561:
6391:
6381:
6341:
6283:
6278:
6135:
6016:
5950:
5945:
5915:
5890:
5832:
5802:
5759:
5744:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5576:
5385:
5335:
5320:
5305:
5285:
5240:
5200:
5195:
5175:
5150:
5145:
5115:
4996:
4960:
4898:
4875:
4591:
4129:
Diasporas and Interculturalism in Asian Performing Arts: Translating Traditions
4095:
Papers from the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society
3630:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. pp. xi.
3489:"Some introductory notes on the development and characteristics of Sabah Malay"
2970:
2922:
2918:
2855:
2851:
2843:
2764:
2710:
2647:
2603:
2290:
2278:
2257:
especially in the Kampung Alor area. According to experts, before becoming the
2195:
2061:
2046:
2034:
2030:
2024:
1853:
Bacan (next) is perhaps the most archaic, and appears to be closely related to
1412:
1352:
1338:
1172:
1140:
1071:
895:
818:
738:
and commonly spoken in Jakarta TV soap operas and some animated cartoons (e.g.
716:, also known as Betawi Malay, Jakartan Malay, or Batavian Malay, is the spoken
390:
4274:
3986:
3900:
3761:
3602:
3519:
3465:
3440:
3160:
3056:
11423:
11383:
11178:
10919:
10904:
10894:
10719:
10449:
10391:
10351:
10341:
10316:
10311:
10131:
10036:
10026:
9789:
9515:
9485:
9480:
9390:
9374:
9309:
9068:
9018:
8997:
8959:
8946:
8931:
8875:
8852:
8827:
8707:
8692:
8664:
8608:
8555:
8507:
8497:
8436:
8305:
8300:
8290:
8285:
8217:
8202:
8137:
8112:
8049:
8024:
7999:
7976:
7961:
7943:
7933:
7789:
7600:
7590:
7555:
7502:
7497:
7394:
7384:
7369:
7276:
7261:
7256:
7108:
7078:
7063:
7048:
7043:
6962:
6924:
6899:
6889:
6874:
6794:
6769:
6764:
6714:
6586:
6516:
6510:
6490:
6436:
6431:
6386:
6323:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6260:
6120:
5797:
5754:
5581:
5513:
5503:
5448:
5390:
5375:
5330:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5120:
5097:
5075:
5025:
4883:
4841:
4763:
4722:
4682:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4401:
4343:
3809:
2966:
2611:
2561:
2258:
2191:
2107:
2069:
1514:
1498:
1458:
1311:
721:
692:
in their vocabulary, and Medan (North Sumatran) Chinese-Indonesian have more
510:
165:, influenced by contact among Malay, Hokkien, Portuguese, and Dutch traders.
146:
4154:
4112:
3185:
Towards an account of information structure in Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian
1083:
as a trade language, also spoken in south Palawan. There are loanwords from
10884:
10794:
10508:
10486:
10081:
9951:
9397:
9304:
9217:
9183:
9173:
9033:
8974:
8898:
8479:
8295:
7880:
7731:
7482:
7331:
7093:
6957:
6919:
6869:
5370:
4616:
4576:
2942:
2936:
2902:
2898:
2847:
2839:
2771:
2706:
2635:
2629:
2557:
2545:
2539:
2065:
2054:
2042:
1854:
1506:
1478:
1466:
1359:
1096:
502:
4263:
The Malay contact varieties of eastern Indonesia: A typological comparison
4136:
3641:
3578:
3505:
3488:
3285:
3114:
2415:
2165:
1387:
1225:
is a creole-based mixed language, which is built of Bazaar Malay lexicon,
1197:
1107:
as well as other ethnic native languages of Sabah & North Kalimantan.
1045:
586:
361:
11183:
10991:
10814:
10776:
10771:
10481:
10459:
10454:
10430:
9961:
9956:
9881:
9876:
9525:
9405:
9223:
9148:
6754:
4667:
4662:
4601:
4545:
2974:
2881:(also known as Ternate Malay) is a Malay-based creole language spoken on
2548:
or simply the Kupang language is a Malay-based creole language spoken in
2254:
1486:
1363:
9647:
4325:
3139:
3092:
253:, was used for multiple functions, including direct and indirect object.
172:'its owner, to have'; another was that plural pronouns were formed with
11113:
10761:
9936:
9618:
9379:
9364:
9231:
9138:
4908:
4241:
3814:
3766:
3701:. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
3607:
3524:
3470:
3445:
3430:. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
3380:
3322:
3165:
2950:
2834:
is a variety of Malay-based creole language which is generally used by
2004:
1999:
1750:
1736:
1722:
1703:
1689:
1675:
1657:
915:
528:
4212:
3691:
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017).
3541:
Wurm, Stephen A.; Mühlhäusler, Peter; Darrell T., Tryon, eds. (1996).
3420:
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017).
3018:
Wurm, Stephen A.; Mühlhäusler, Peter; Darrell T., Tryon, eds. (1996).
2501:
Gorap is a Malay-based creole language predominantly spoken by Gorap (
11173:
11168:
11138:
10741:
10554:
10476:
10435:
9354:
3837:"Mengungkap Keindahan Alam Kampung Nelayan Bobaneigo Halmahera Barat"
3697:
3426:
2894:
2817:
2805:
2791:
2696:
2651:
2599:
2424:
2408:
2394:
2306:
2174:
2158:
2097:
2050:
1526:
1396:
1380:
1286:
1206:
1190:
1126:
1054:
1038:
883:
859:
806:
729:
595:
579:
506:
498:
423:
410:
402:
370:
354:
315:
227:
142:
134:
93:
4231:
2452:
1642:
in some environments, especially when it is at the end of a syllable
1529:
people. The name derives from the boats used for pearling, known as
11133:
10799:
10751:
2492:
2270:
1136:
956:
899:
855:
717:
643:
628:
10491:
3714:
A grammar of Klon: a non-Austronesian language of Alor, Indonesia
3086:(Ph.D. thesis). University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. p. 13, 379.
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
2986:
2905:
for intergroup communications. The local name of the language is
2890:
2882:
2607:
2488:
1474:
994:
851:
802:
745:
725:
414:
176:'person'. The only Malayic affixes that remained productive were
138:
2564:
for inter-ethnic communication, and it also has native speakers.
793:(Thousand Islands Malay), is a Malay-based creole spoken by the
11348:
10827:
6247:
3987:"Visualisasi Data Kependudukan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2023"
3278:
2886:
2643:
2595:
2549:
2459:
2190:
Banda Malay is a distinct variant of Moluccan Malay, spoken in
1522:
1450:
986:
847:
843:
406:
311:
162:
3407:
English in Singapore and Malaysia: Status, features, functions
3315:
3063:
3038:"Malay dialect research in Malaysia: the issue of perspective"
2654:, and the surrounding area. The local name of the language is
1415:
or Loloan Malay is a dialect of Malay spoken in the island of
635:(Surabayan language), with a strong emphasis of low Javanese （
11250:
10588:
3356:
NUSA: Linguistic Studies of Languages in and Around Indonesia
3228:
1895:
There are many affixes that the pronunciation is simplified:
978:
2261:
of a number of its speakers, this language was originally a
10598:
2273:
in East Timor, several Dili Malay loanwords originate from
2250:
1772:
1416:
1296:
3938:
2491:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
846:(also known as Indian Peranakans), a distinctive group of
650:
482:
3926:
3879:
3540:
3080:
A Grammar of Baba Malay with Sociophonetic Considerations
3017:
1778:
1653:
the neutralisation of final nasals in part of the lexicon
37:
30:
4131:. Abingdon–New York: RoutledgeCurzon. pp. 144–158.
3892:
3623:
3227:(in Indonesian). Gambaran Umum Daerah Kepulauan Seribu.
4476:
4206:(PhD). LOT Dissertation Series 361. Leiden University.
3381:"APiCS Online - Survey chapter: Singapore Bazaar Malay"
959:
being the lingua franca among the younger generations.
3212:
2281:, with little influences from other native languages.
3916:
3914:
2589:
2464:
Atlas of the World's Languages at Risk of Extinction.
748:, the official name of Jakarta during the era of the
224:'go' was reduced, and became a preposition 'towards'.
3967:
1603:"We will enter the creek at three or four o'clock."
1420:
1274:
1268:
1262:
3955:
3346:
161:. It is generally believed that Bazaar Malay was a
9129:
4063:
3911:
3782:
3731:. Berlin: Language Sciences Press. pp. 5–53.
3219:Maulana, Ridwan; Tawangsih, Multamia R.M. (2009).
2655:
2521:and some of languages spoken in Sulawesi, such as
679:: Search your brother's book in Ling Ling's house.
4086:Allen, Robert B. Jr.; Hayami-Allen, Rika (2002).
4085:
3323:"APiCS Online - Survey chapter: Sri Lankan Malay"
3303:
2249:Dili Malay is a variety of trade Malay spoken in
2229:
2221:
2213:
2205:
1229:inflections, and mixed Malay/Makassarese syntax.
11421:
4223:Papers in Western Austronesian Linguistics No. 3
3880:Sa'diyah, H. W. F. K. (2020). Sudaryanto (ed.).
3218:
2614:of the Nagi people. Then it also functions as a
1432:
677:Kamu cariken bukune koko ndhek rumahe Ling Ling.
433:
4269:. The State University of New York at Buffalo.
4042:
4013:
2865:
809:. This language emerged from a mixture of many
3493:Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia
3253:
11007:
9663:
4442:
3202:Indonesian Native Speakers – Myth and Reality
1429:. The current language status is threatened.
38:
3045:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
11118:
6249:Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages
3898:
3776:
3729:Alor Pantar languages: History and Typology
3720:
3486:
2458:Gorap language classified as Endangered by
2235:
517:, and other pocket communities in Indonesia
11021:
11014:
11000:
9670:
9656:
4449:
4435:
4310:
3932:
3404:
2451:
1611:
9677:
4367:
4240:
4230:
4211:
4043:Duwila, Ety; Fernandez, Inyo Yos (2009).
4014:Duwila, Ety; Fernandez, Inyo Yos (2009).
3899:Jacob, June; Grimes, Barbara Dix (2006).
3736:
3690:
3504:
3419:
3091:
2917:, which was formed with the influence of
2234: : ants (deviated from Dutch :
926:
760:
3834:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3369:
825:
49:Southeast Asia, South Asia and Australia
9692:
3948:was invoked but never defined (see the
3867:Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa
3035:
3031:
3029:
2485:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1632:, or assimilates to the following vowel
11422:
4192:
4169:
3726:
3013:
3011:
2638:, or simply the Manado language, is a
2560:. Kupang Malay is presently used as a
429:Example (spoken in Melaka-Singapore):
10995:
10497:Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien
9651:
9105:
7450:
6246:
4475:
4430:
4357:
4288:
4259:
4202:Kluge, Angela Johanna Helene (2014).
4201:
4069:
3973:
3961:
3738:10.17169/FUDOCS_document_000000020993
3711:
3705:
3366:
3309:
3198:
450:: I waited for him until I got angry.
448:Gua tunggu dia sampai gua k'ee geram.
413:. A typical contact language between
32:Bahasa-bahasa Melayu dagang dan kreol
7451:
4289:Paulo, Derrick A (21 October 2018).
3347:de Silva Jayasuriya, Shihan (2002).
3026:
2513:regions of the Indonesian island of
2323:regions of Halmahera Island (mainly)
1269:
902:. It is traditionally spoken by the
419:
9106:
4478:Western Malayo-Polynesian languages
4220:
4126:
3943:
3920:
3835:Sudrajat, Adi (17 September 2022).
3803:
3783:Inyo Yos Fernandez (13 June 2013).
3549:
3349:"Sri Lankan Malay: A Unique Creole"
3221:"Bahasa-bahasa di Kepulauan Seribu"
3076:
3008:
2606:which is thought to originate from
1156:Second language: 1.9 million (2000)
665:Ntik kamu pigio ambek cecemu ae ya.
619:from the ethnonym, is spoken among
444:: Slightly provoked, he gets angry.
438:: He likes to come here and gossip.
149:("trade language") that was called
13:
4314:Papers in Austronesian Linguistics
4182:Concentric: Studies in Linguistics
4088:"Orientation in the Spice Islands"
3409:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3405:Platt, John; Weber, Heidi (1980).
3254:Achmad Syalaby (20 January 2016).
3181:
2568:
2517:. It shares vocabulary with other
1716:as this only occur on Kupang Malay
1645:there is a loss of final plosives
866:
460:
456:: Wow! Today he dresses stylishly!
133:established after the rise of the
16:Languages descended from Low Malay
14:
11466:
4387:
2949:spoken in the Indonesian part of
2017:
1244:
1110:
1070:A pidginised variant of standard
744:). The name "Betawi" stems from
454:Oo-wa! Kinajeet, dia pasang kuat.
10757:Malay trade and creole languages
4458:
3944:Cite error: The named reference
3888:. Kantor Bahasa Provinsi Maluku.
3820:
3716:. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
3451:
3142:. The Peranakan Resource Library
2935:This section is an excerpt from
2871:This section is an excerpt from
2628:This section is an excerpt from
2574:This section is an excerpt from
2538:This section is an excerpt from
2023:This section is an excerpt from
1438:This section is an excerpt from
872:This section is an excerpt from
831:This section is an excerpt from
766:This section is an excerpt from
705:This section is an excerpt from
78:Malay trade and creole languages
31:
24:Malay trade and creole languages
11430:Malay-based pidgins and creoles
9712:comparison with British English
4412:
4360:Prosody in Indonesian Languages
4036:
4007:
3979:
3882:"Laporan Fonologi Bahasa Gorap"
3873:
3855:
3828:
3755:
3693:"Eastern Indonesia Trade Malay"
3684:
3659:
3634:
3617:
3596:
3571:
3534:
3513:
3480:
3459:
3434:
3413:
3398:
3340:
3262:(in Indonesian). Archived from
3247:
2929:
2622:
2618:for several nearby communities.
2532:
1860:There is a loss of diphthongs:
699:
612:
230:constructions were formed with
4079:
3667:"Australian pearling industry"
3192:
3175:
3154:
3132:
3107:
2556:, which is on the west end of
2505:) ethnic group, indigenous to
2076:
2072:in Ambon and its surroundings.
962:
631:and surrounding areas, called
442:Keliap-keliap, dia naik angin.
284:'Ardi is hit by Dani' becomes
1:
3994:www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id
3001:
2664:
2244:
1993:
1447:Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin
1440:Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin
1433:Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin
435:Dia suka datang sini sembang.
291:
3487:Hoogervorst, Tom G. (2011).
3256:"Menjaga Warisan Orang Pulo"
2866:Ternate/North Moluccan Malay
2598:in Indonesia, especially in
1008:3 million L2 speakers (2013)
840:Malay Chetty creole language
833:Malay Chetty creole language
667:: Go with your sister, okay?
278:(lit. 'I give a hit to him')
249:A single preposition, often
7:
4093:. In Macken, Marlys (ed.).
3843:(in Indonesian). Kompasiana
3627:Kamus Melayu Bali-Indonesia
2947:Malay-based creole language
1857:(which is still a creole).
1497:descent, a small number of
10:
11471:
4398:by William Gwee Thian Hock
4024:(Thesis) (in Indonesian).
3946:Larantuka Malay Ethnologue
3077:Lee, Nala Huiying (2014).
3036:Collins, James T. (1989).
2934:
2870:
2668:
2627:
2573:
2537:
2288:
2064:and was used as a tool by
2022:
1997:
1952:in the last end of words:
1779:
1437:
1275:
871:
830:
765:
704:
539:other Indonesian ethnicity
479:Bahasa Indonesia Peranakan
422:variant is also spoken in
268:(lit. 'I have that house')
39:بهاس٢ ملايو داݢڠ دان کريول
11409:Singaporean Sign Language
11401:
11341:
11276:
11209:
11154:
11147:
11106:
11087:
11052:
11036:
11029:
10975:
10950:
10927:
10918:
10863:comparison with Malaysian
10813:
10787:
10732:
10712:
10674:
10609:
10542:
10418:
10409:
10025:
9830:
9814:
9800:
9726:
9685:
9635:
9614:Indonesian Sign Languages
9604:
9565:
9524:
9461:
9424:
9345:
9338:
9254:Other creoles and pidgins
9253:
9116:
9112:
9101:
9006:
8983:
8945:
8912:
8884:
8866:
8818:
8790:
8767:
8739:
8716:
8678:
8655:
8617:
8599:
8546:
8478:
8445:
8422:
8359:
8251:
8078:
7990:
7952:
7894:
7866:
7828:
7755:
7712:
7649:
7546:
7463:
7459:
7446:
7360:
7177:
7024:
7001:
6986:
6943:
6723:
6625:
6332:
6259:
6255:
6242:
6197:
6159:
6101:
6083:
6074:
5931:
5841:
5783:
5695:
5532:
5431:
5399:
5106:
5034:
4517:
4488:
4484:
4471:
4204:A Grammar of Papuan Malay
3057:10.1163/22134379-90003253
2846:in the southwest part of
2815:
2803:
2798:
2782:
2777:
2761:
2726:
2716:
2702:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2471:
2450:
2438:
2422:
2406:
2401:
2385:
2380:
2345:
2335:
2327:
2312:
2302:
2297:
2172:
2156:
2151:
2123:
2113:
2103:
2093:
2088:
2083:
1602:
1455:Broome, Western Australia
1394:
1378:
1373:
1349:
1327:
1323:25,000 (2000 census)
1317:
1307:
1292:
1282:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1204:
1188:
1183:
1160:
1146:
1132:
1122:
1117:
1052:
1036:
1031:
1012:
1000:
974:
969:
886:, formed as a mixture of
593:
577:
572:
556:
546:
521:
494:
477:
472:
467:
384:
368:
352:
347:
331:
321:
307:
298:
103:
91:
86:
61:
53:
45:
28:
23:
10982:Nearly extinct languages
9277:Flores Creole Portuguese
9261:Arabic-Javanese of Klego
4260:Paauw, Scott H. (2009).
3140:"BABA / PERANAKAN MALAY"
2602:. It is a derivative of
2284:
2033:or simply Ambonese is a
1572:English: "three o'clock"
874:Sri Lanka Malay language
659:Yak apa kabarnya si Eli?
286:Ardi kena pukul dek Dani
10935:Malaysian Sign Language
9266:Bidau Creole Portuguese
4395:A Baba Malay Dictionary
4057:Universitas Gadjah Mada
4030:Universitas Gadjah Mada
3886:Metode Dan Aneka Teknik
3772:(subscription required)
3613:(subscription required)
3530:(subscription required)
3476:(subscription required)
3286:"Malaccan Malay Creole"
3171:(subscription required)
2989:has been influenced by
2740:Eastern Indonesia Malay
2722:170,000 (2023 estimate)
2656:
2590:
2361:Eastern Indonesia Malay
2230:
2222:
2214:
2206:
1612:Eastern Indonesia Malay
1582:English: "four o'clock"
1471:Torres Strait Islanders
1421:
1263:
892:Sri Lankan Muslim Tamil
791:Melayu Kepulauan Seribu
785:alternatively known as
651:
483:
434:
187:Other common features:
11450:Languages of Singapore
11445:Languages of Australia
11435:Languages of Indonesia
11023:Languages of Singapore
10963:Selangor Sign Language
10082:Bruneian/Kedayan Malay
9887:Kelantan-Pattani Malay
9554:Modern Standard Arabic
4465:Languages of Indonesia
4197:. Leiden: KITLV Press.
4193:Henley, David (1996).
3712:Baird, Louise (2008).
2911:Indonesian orthography
2473:This article contains
2236:
1773:
1503:Indigenous Australians
1419:. It is also known as
932:Singapore Bazaar Malay
927:Singapore Bazaar Malay
811:languages in Indonesia
797:people inhabiting the
761:Thousand Islands Malay
282:Ardi dipukul oleh Dani
11440:Languages of Malaysia
10202:Kota Marudu Talantang
9932:Negeri Sembilan Malay
9679:Languages of Malaysia
8361:East Cenderawasih Bay
7664:Casuarina Coast Asmat
4422:: Malay-based creoles
4137:10.4324/9780203641903
3506:10.17510/wjhi.v13i1.9
3233:Universitas Indonesia
2959:Indonesian New Guinea
826:Malaccan Creole Malay
673:: Please have a meal!
671:Nih, makanen sakadae.
655:: Don't act that way!
11088:Indigenous languages
10958:Penang Sign Language
10940:Manually Coded Malay
9199:North Moluccan Malay
6076:Philippine languages
4541:Anambas-Natuna Malay
4122:on 25 December 2022.
2945:or Irian Malay is a
2879:North Moluccan Malay
2873:North Moluccan Malay
2860:North Moluccan Malay
2744:North Moluccan Malay
1089:Sama-Bajau languages
908:Javanese Sri Lankans
652:Kamu mbok ojok gitu!
473:Peranakan Indonesian
274:'I hit him' becomes
11148:Immigrant languages
10441:Malaysian Cantonese
10197:Klias River Kadazan
9339:Immigrant languages
9131:Malay-based creoles
6103:Gorontalo-Mongondow
4326:10.15144/PL-A81.177
4049:Tesis S2 Linguistik
4022:Tesis S2 Linguistik
3791:(in Indonesian) (1)
3557:"Makassarese Malay"
3260:www.republika.co.id
3199:Kozok, Uli (2016),
2991:Standard Indonesian
2836:multiethnic society
2784:Recognised minority
2737:Malay-based creole
2387:Recognised minority
2134:Malay-based creole
2089:Banda Islands Malay
1944:The loss of middle
920:Hambantota District
775:Orang Pulo language
768:Orang Pulo language
642:Example (spoken in
621:Chinese-Indonesians
552:(20,000 cited 1981)
264:'my house' becomes
117:In addition to its
10788:Mixed & Others
10530:Malaysian Mandarin
9326:Pidgin Tukang Besi
9288:Judeo-Manado Malay
6085:Central Philippine
5433:Northwest Sumatra–
4713:Kotawaringin Malay
4668:Jaring Halus Malay
3841:www.kompasiana.com
3266:on 23 October 2022
3103:on 25 August 2015.
2953:. It emerged as a
2683:Sula–Taliabu Malay
2554:East Nusa Tenggara
2357:Malay-based creole
2341:(1,000 cited 1992)
1453:that sprang up in
567:Malay-based creole
409:(in Malaysia) and
342:Malay-based creole
314:(in Malaysia) and
276:Aku kasi pukul dia
11417:
11416:
11397:
11396:
11083:
11082:
10989:
10988:
10979:Extinct languages
10971:
10970:
10728:
10727:
10405:
10404:
10237:Mainstream Kenyah
9722:
9721:
9645:
9644:
9639:extinct languages
9631:
9630:
9627:
9626:
9600:
9599:
9540:Indonesian Arabic
9334:
9333:
9249:
9248:
9097:
9096:
9093:
9092:
7904:Grand Valley Dani
7757:South Bird's Head
7548:Timor–Alor–Pantar
7442:
7441:
7438:
7437:
6238:
6237:
6234:
6233:
6230:
6229:
4678:Kapuas Hulu Malay
4489:Official language
4379:978-90-78328-44-5
4051:(in Indonesian).
3933:Steinhauer (1991)
3818:(22nd ed., 2019)
3770:(18th ed., 2015)
3642:"Malay, Balinese"
3611:(18th ed., 2015)
3579:"Malay, Makassar"
3528:(18th ed., 2015)
3474:(18th ed., 2015)
3449:(17th ed., 2013)
3422:"Vehicular Malay"
3385:apics-online.info
3327:apics-online.info
3169:(18th ed., 2015)
2862:(Ternate Malay).
2829:
2828:
2646:, the capital of
2499:
2498:
2481:rendering support
2477:phonetic symbols.
2188:
2187:
2119:3,700 (2000)
2051:Eastern Indonesia
2007:is spoken in the
1607:
1606:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1410:
1409:
1220:
1219:
1068:
1067:
910:, and among some
904:Sri Lankan Malays
801:off the coast of
789:(Mixed Malay) or
750:Dutch East Indies
615:, locally called
609:
608:
490:
401:is spoken by the
396:
395:
327:2,000 (2014)
303:
201:Reduced forms of
131:regional dialects
115:
114:
11462:
11152:
11151:
11107:Creole languages
11094:Johor-Riau Malay
11034:
11033:
11016:
11009:
11002:
10993:
10992:
10925:
10924:
10525:Mandarin Chinese
10416:
10415:
10012:Terengganu Malay
9812:
9811:
9690:
9689:
9672:
9665:
9658:
9649:
9648:
9581:
9556:
9549:
9542:
9442:
9440:Indonesian Dutch
9400:
9393:
9343:
9342:
9251:
9250:
9240:
9226:
9207:
9127:
9126:
9114:
9113:
9103:
9102:
8168:Kwerba Mamberamo
7830:East Bird's Head
7714:West Bird's Head
7461:
7460:
7453:Papuan languages
7448:
7447:
6709:
6702:
6695:
6688:
6681:
6674:
6667:
6660:
6653:
6501:Lisabata-Nuniali
6426:
6419:
6412:
6405:
6257:
6256:
6244:
6243:
6081:
6080:
6065:
6058:
6051:
6019:
6012:
6005:
5998:
5974:
5542:Aralle-Tabulahan
5493:
5486:
5479:
5472:
5465:
5458:
5451:
5417:
5092:
5085:
5078:
5071:
5064:
5057:
5050:
5020:
5013:
5006:
4999:
4945:
4938:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4826:
4819:
4812:
4805:
4798:
4784:
4777:
4743:
4736:
4657:
4650:
4566:
4559:
4535:
4508:
4500:
4486:
4485:
4473:
4472:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4428:
4427:
4383:
4371:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4319:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4268:
4256:
4244:
4234:
4217:
4215:
4198:
4189:
4179:
4166:
4123:
4121:
4115:. Archived from
4092:
4073:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4011:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3991:
3983:
3977:
3971:
3965:
3959:
3953:
3947:
3942:
3936:
3930:
3924:
3918:
3909:
3908:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3740:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3377:
3364:
3363:
3353:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3319:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3096:. Archived from
3095:
3085:
3074:
3061:
3060:
3051:(2/3): 235–264.
3042:
3033:
3024:
3023:
3015:
2995:standard dialect
2957:among tribes in
2955:contact language
2808:
2786:language in
2767:
2732:
2675:
2674:
2659:
2593:
2591:Melayu Larantuka
2519:Papuan languages
2455:
2434:
2418:
2411:
2389:language in
2351:
2295:
2294:
2239:
2233:
2225:
2217:
2209:
2184:
2168:
2161:
2129:
2081:
2080:
2009:Alor archipelago
1782:
1776:
1597:English: "creek"
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1536:
1535:
1531:pearling luggers
1505:, mainly of the
1427:Jembrana Regency
1424:
1406:
1390:
1383:
1355:
1333:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1249:
1248:
1216:
1200:
1193:
1166:
1115:
1114:
1081:Sulu Archipelago
1064:
1048:
1041:
1018:
991:North Kalimantan
983:Sulu Archipelago
967:
966:
934:, also known as
898:being the major
880:Sri Lankan Malay
850:found mainly in
799:Thousand Islands
779:logat Orang Pulo
736:Indonesian slang
654:
605:
589:
582:
562:
488:
486:
465:
464:
437:
380:
364:
357:
337:
301:
296:
295:
217:) before a noun.
135:Srivijaya empire
111:
96:
67:
41:
40:
34:
21:
20:
11470:
11469:
11465:
11464:
11463:
11461:
11460:
11459:
11420:
11419:
11418:
11413:
11393:
11337:
11272:
11205:
11143:
11102:
11079:
11048:
11025:
11020:
10990:
10985:
10967:
10946:
10914:
10809:
10783:
10724:
10708:
10670:
10611:
10605:
10565:Malaysian Tamil
10538:
10411:
10401:
10122:Eastern Kadazan
10102:Coastal Kadazan
10028:
10021:
9833:
9826:
9805:
9796:
9718:
9681:
9676:
9646:
9641:
9623:
9596:
9577:
9561:
9552:
9547:Hadhrami Arabic
9545:
9538:
9520:
9457:
9438:
9420:
9396:
9389:
9330:
9245:
9236:
9222:
9203:
9179:Larantuka Malay
9169:Gorontalo Malay
9108:
9107:Other languages
9089:
9002:
8985:Lower Mamberamo
8979:
8941:
8908:
8880:
8862:
8814:
8786:
8763:
8735:
8712:
8674:
8651:
8613:
8595:
8542:
8474:
8441:
8418:
8355:
8247:
8074:
7986:
7948:
7890:
7862:
7824:
7751:
7708:
7645:
7542:
7465:North Halmahera
7455:
7434:
7362:Western Oceanic
7356:
7307:Southeast Babar
7207:Dawera-Daweloor
7173:
7020:
6997:
6982:
6939:
6726:
6719:
6705:
6698:
6691:
6684:
6677:
6670:
6663:
6656:
6649:
6621:
6486:Larike-Wakasihu
6424:Rohomoni-Kabauw
6422:
6415:
6408:
6401:
6328:
6251:
6226:
6193:
6155:
6097:
6070:
6061:
6054:
6047:
6015:
6008:
6001:
5994:
5970:
5927:
5837:
5779:
5691:
5528:
5489:
5482:
5475:
5468:
5461:
5454:
5447:
5435:Barrier Islands
5434:
5427:
5413:
5395:
5102:
5088:
5081:
5074:
5067:
5060:
5053:
5046:
5030:
5016:
5009:
5002:
4995:
4941:
4934:
4927:
4920:
4913:
4904:Pontianak Malay
4874:
4867:
4860:
4853:
4846:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4801:
4794:
4780:
4773:
4739:
4732:
4653:
4646:
4562:
4555:
4531:
4519:Malayo-Sumbawan
4513:
4504:
4496:
4480:
4467:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4415:
4390:
4380:
4369:10.1.1.464.9608
4348:
4346:
4336:
4317:
4301:
4299:
4279:
4277:
4266:
4253:
4232:10.15144/PL-A78
4177:
4147:
4119:
4105:
4090:
4082:
4077:
4076:
4068:
4064:
4041:
4037:
4012:
4008:
3998:
3996:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3972:
3968:
3960:
3956:
3945:
3939:
3931:
3927:
3919:
3912:
3897:
3893:
3878:
3874:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3846:
3844:
3833:
3829:
3819:
3808:
3804:
3794:
3792:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3762:Bandanese Malay
3760:
3756:
3749:
3725:
3721:
3710:
3706:
3689:
3685:
3675:
3673:
3671:Britannica Kids
3665:
3664:
3660:
3650:
3648:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3601:
3597:
3587:
3585:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3562:
3560:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3518:
3514:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3464:
3460:
3450:
3439:
3435:
3418:
3414:
3403:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3379:
3378:
3367:
3351:
3345:
3341:
3331:
3329:
3321:
3320:
3316:
3308:
3304:
3294:
3292:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3269:
3267:
3252:
3248:
3238:
3236:
3217:
3213:
3205:
3197:
3193:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3161:Peranakan Malay
3159:
3155:
3145:
3143:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3100:
3083:
3075:
3064:
3040:
3034:
3027:
3016:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2993:, the national
2983:Southwest Papua
2940:
2932:
2927:
2926:
2876:
2868:
2804:
2794:
2787:
2785:
2778:Official status
2768:
2763:
2757:
2733:
2730:Language family
2728:
2719:
2718:Native speakers
2673:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2640:creole language
2633:
2625:
2620:
2619:
2616:second language
2582:Larantuka Malay
2579:
2576:Larantuka Malay
2571:
2569:Larantuka Malay
2566:
2565:
2543:
2535:
2479:Without proper
2467:
2466:
2430:
2414:
2407:
2397:
2390:
2388:
2381:Official status
2376:
2352:
2349:Language family
2347:
2338:
2337:Native speakers
2293:
2287:
2267:creole language
2263:pidgin language
2247:
2201:Example :
2180:
2164:
2157:
2147:
2137:East Indonesian
2130:
2127:Language family
2125:
2116:
2115:Native speakers
2079:
2074:
2073:
2039:creole language
2028:
2020:
2002:
1996:
1864:the diphthong "
1614:
1609:
1608:
1461:industry there—
1443:
1435:
1402:
1386:
1379:
1368:Balinese script
1366:
1362:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1334:
1331:Language family
1329:
1320:
1319:Native speakers
1299:(especially in
1273:
1270:بهاس ملايو بالي
1267:
1247:
1212:
1196:
1189:
1179:
1167:
1164:Language family
1162:
1155:
1149:
1148:Native speakers
1113:
1060:
1044:
1037:
1027:
1019:
1016:Language family
1014:
1007:
1003:
1002:Native speakers
965:
929:
924:
923:
877:
869:
867:Sri Lanka Malay
864:
863:
836:
828:
823:
822:
813:, particularly
787:Melayu Campuran
771:
763:
758:
757:
741:Adit Sopo Jarwo
710:
707:Betawi language
702:
633:Basa Suroboyoan
601:
585:
578:
568:
563:
560:Language family
558:
549:
548:Native speakers
542:
515:West Kalimantan
487:
481:
468:Baba Indonesian
463:
461:Baba Indonesian
420:Baba Indonesian
376:
360:
353:
343:
338:
335:Language family
333:
324:
323:Native speakers
300:
294:
266:Aku punya rumah
109:
92:
82:
68:
65:Language family
63:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
11468:
11458:
11457:
11455:Malay dialects
11452:
11447:
11442:
11437:
11432:
11415:
11414:
11412:
11411:
11405:
11403:
11402:Sign languages
11399:
11398:
11395:
11394:
11392:
11391:
11386:
11381:
11376:
11371:
11366:
11361:
11356:
11351:
11345:
11343:
11339:
11338:
11336:
11335:
11330:
11325:
11320:
11315:
11314:
11313:
11308:
11303:
11293:
11288:
11282:
11280:
11274:
11273:
11271:
11270:
11269:
11268:
11263:
11258:
11253:
11248:
11243:
11233:
11232:
11231:
11226:
11215:
11213:
11207:
11206:
11204:
11203:
11202:
11201:
11196:
11191:
11186:
11181:
11176:
11171:
11160:
11158:
11149:
11145:
11144:
11142:
11141:
11136:
11131:
11126:
11121:
11116:
11110:
11108:
11104:
11103:
11101:
11100:
11095:
11091:
11089:
11085:
11084:
11081:
11080:
11078:
11077:
11072:
11067:
11062:
11056:
11054:
11050:
11049:
11047:
11046:
11040:
11038:
11031:
11030:Main languages
11027:
11026:
11019:
11018:
11011:
11004:
10996:
10987:
10986:
10984:
10983:
10980:
10976:
10973:
10972:
10969:
10968:
10966:
10965:
10960:
10954:
10952:
10948:
10947:
10945:
10944:
10943:
10942:
10931:
10929:
10922:
10916:
10915:
10913:
10912:
10907:
10902:
10897:
10892:
10887:
10882:
10877:
10872:
10867:
10866:
10865:
10855:
10850:
10845:
10840:
10835:
10830:
10825:
10819:
10817:
10811:
10810:
10808:
10807:
10802:
10797:
10791:
10789:
10785:
10784:
10782:
10781:
10780:
10779:
10774:
10769:
10764:
10754:
10749:
10744:
10738:
10736:
10730:
10729:
10726:
10725:
10723:
10722:
10716:
10714:
10710:
10709:
10707:
10706:
10705:
10704:
10699:
10694:
10689:
10678:
10676:
10672:
10671:
10669:
10668:
10663:
10658:
10653:
10648:
10643:
10638:
10637:
10636:
10626:
10621:
10615:
10613:
10607:
10606:
10604:
10603:
10602:
10601:
10596:
10591:
10586:
10576:
10575:
10574:
10569:
10568:
10567:
10557:
10546:
10544:
10540:
10539:
10537:
10536:
10535:
10534:
10533:
10532:
10522:
10521:
10520:
10519:
10518:
10517:
10516:
10506:
10505:
10504:
10502:Penang Hokkien
10499:
10484:
10479:
10474:
10473:
10472:
10467:
10452:
10447:
10446:
10445:
10444:
10443:
10422:
10420:
10413:
10407:
10406:
10403:
10402:
10400:
10399:
10394:
10389:
10384:
10379:
10374:
10369:
10364:
10359:
10354:
10349:
10344:
10339:
10334:
10332:Selungai Murut
10329:
10324:
10319:
10314:
10309:
10304:
10299:
10294:
10289:
10284:
10282:Punan Bah-Biau
10279:
10274:
10269:
10264:
10262:Nonukan Tidong
10259:
10254:
10249:
10244:
10239:
10234:
10229:
10224:
10219:
10214:
10209:
10204:
10199:
10194:
10189:
10184:
10182:Keningau Murut
10179:
10174:
10169:
10164:
10159:
10154:
10149:
10144:
10139:
10134:
10129:
10124:
10119:
10114:
10109:
10104:
10099:
10094:
10089:
10084:
10079:
10074:
10069:
10064:
10059:
10054:
10049:
10044:
10039:
10033:
10031:
10023:
10022:
10020:
10019:
10014:
10009:
10004:
9999:
9994:
9989:
9984:
9979:
9974:
9969:
9964:
9959:
9954:
9949:
9944:
9939:
9934:
9929:
9924:
9919:
9914:
9909:
9904:
9899:
9894:
9889:
9884:
9879:
9874:
9869:
9864:
9859:
9854:
9849:
9844:
9838:
9836:
9828:
9827:
9825:
9824:
9818:
9816:
9809:
9798:
9797:
9795:
9794:
9793:
9792:
9782:
9781:
9780:
9775:
9770:
9765:
9760:
9755:
9745:
9744:
9743:
9732:
9730:
9724:
9723:
9720:
9719:
9717:
9716:
9715:
9714:
9704:
9698:
9696:
9687:
9683:
9682:
9675:
9674:
9667:
9660:
9652:
9643:
9642:
9636:
9633:
9632:
9629:
9628:
9625:
9624:
9622:
9621:
9616:
9610:
9608:
9606:Sign languages
9602:
9601:
9598:
9597:
9595:
9594:
9589:
9584:
9583:
9582:
9569:
9567:
9563:
9562:
9560:
9559:
9558:
9557:
9550:
9543:
9530:
9528:
9526:Middle Eastern
9522:
9521:
9519:
9518:
9513:
9508:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9467:
9465:
9459:
9458:
9456:
9455:
9450:
9445:
9444:
9443:
9430:
9428:
9422:
9421:
9419:
9418:
9413:
9408:
9403:
9402:
9401:
9394:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9351:
9349:
9340:
9336:
9335:
9332:
9331:
9329:
9328:
9323:
9318:
9312:
9307:
9302:
9297:
9291:
9285:
9280:
9274:
9269:
9263:
9257:
9255:
9247:
9246:
9244:
9243:
9242:
9241:
9229:
9228:
9227:
9215:
9210:
9209:
9208:
9196:
9191:
9189:Makassar Malay
9186:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9154:Balinese Malay
9151:
9146:
9144:Ambonese Malay
9141:
9135:
9133:
9124:
9110:
9109:
9099:
9098:
9095:
9094:
9091:
9090:
9088:
9087:
9082:
9076:
9071:
9066:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9046:
9041:
9036:
9031:
9026:
9021:
9016:
9010:
9008:
9004:
9003:
9001:
9000:
8995:
8989:
8987:
8981:
8980:
8978:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8955:Ngkolmpu Kanum
8951:
8949:
8943:
8942:
8940:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8924:
8918:
8916:
8910:
8909:
8907:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8890:
8888:
8882:
8881:
8879:
8878:
8872:
8870:
8864:
8863:
8861:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8824:
8822:
8816:
8815:
8813:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8796:
8794:
8788:
8787:
8785:
8784:
8779:
8773:
8771:
8765:
8764:
8762:
8761:
8756:
8751:
8745:
8743:
8737:
8736:
8734:
8733:
8728:
8722:
8720:
8714:
8713:
8711:
8710:
8705:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8684:
8682:
8676:
8675:
8673:
8672:
8667:
8661:
8659:
8653:
8652:
8650:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8623:
8621:
8615:
8614:
8612:
8611:
8605:
8603:
8597:
8596:
8594:
8593:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8573:
8568:
8563:
8558:
8552:
8550:
8544:
8543:
8541:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8484:
8482:
8476:
8475:
8473:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8451:
8449:
8443:
8442:
8440:
8439:
8434:
8428:
8426:
8420:
8419:
8417:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8365:
8363:
8357:
8356:
8354:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8313:
8308:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8283:
8278:
8273:
8268:
8263:
8257:
8255:
8249:
8248:
8246:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8125:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8084:
8082:
8076:
8075:
8073:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7996:
7994:
7988:
7987:
7985:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7964:
7958:
7956:
7950:
7949:
7947:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7900:
7898:
7892:
7891:
7889:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7872:
7870:
7864:
7863:
7861:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7834:
7832:
7826:
7825:
7823:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7761:
7759:
7753:
7752:
7750:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7718:
7716:
7710:
7709:
7707:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7655:
7653:
7647:
7646:
7644:
7643:
7638:
7636:Western Pantar
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7552:
7550:
7544:
7543:
7541:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7469:
7467:
7457:
7456:
7444:
7443:
7440:
7439:
7436:
7435:
7433:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7366:
7364:
7358:
7357:
7355:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7183:
7181:
7175:
7174:
7172:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7030:
7028:
7022:
7021:
7019:
7018:
7013:
7007:
7005:
6999:
6998:
6992:
6990:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6949:
6947:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6731:
6729:
6721:
6720:
6718:
6717:
6712:
6711:
6710:
6703:
6696:
6689:
6682:
6675:
6668:
6661:
6654:
6642:
6637:
6631:
6629:
6627:Flores–Lembata
6623:
6622:
6620:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6462:
6457:
6451:
6445:
6440:
6434:
6429:
6428:
6427:
6420:
6413:
6406:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6338:
6336:
6334:Central Maluku
6330:
6329:
6327:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6265:
6263:
6253:
6252:
6240:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6232:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6203:
6201:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6165:
6163:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6107:
6105:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6089:
6087:
6078:
6072:
6071:
6069:
6068:
6067:
6066:
6059:
6052:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6021:
6020:
6013:
6006:
5999:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5976:
5975:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5937:
5935:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5925:
5920:
5919:
5918:
5913:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5847:
5845:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5789:
5787:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5701:
5699:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5597:Highland Konjo
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5538:
5536:
5534:South Sulawesi
5530:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5487:
5480:
5473:
5466:
5459:
5452:
5439:
5437:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5405:
5403:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5112:
5110:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5086:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5051:
5040:
5038:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5014:
5007:
5000:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4939:
4932:
4925:
4918:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4851:
4839:
4837:Mempawah Malay
4834:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4820:
4813:
4806:
4799:
4787:
4786:
4785:
4778:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4737:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4708:Ketapang Malay
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4651:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4592:Belitung Malay
4589:
4587:Batubara Malay
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4560:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4523:
4521:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4492:
4490:
4482:
4481:
4469:
4468:
4454:
4453:
4446:
4439:
4431:
4425:
4424:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4389:
4388:External links
4386:
4385:
4384:
4378:
4355:
4334:
4308:
4286:
4257:
4251:
4218:
4199:
4190:
4167:
4145:
4124:
4103:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4062:
4035:
4006:
3978:
3976:, p. 117.
3966:
3954:
3937:
3935:, p. 180.
3925:
3923:, p. 145.
3910:
3891:
3872:
3863:"Bahasa Gorap"
3854:
3827:
3802:
3775:
3754:
3747:
3719:
3704:
3683:
3658:
3633:
3616:
3603:Balinese Malay
3595:
3570:
3548:
3545:. p. 682.
3533:
3520:Makassar Malay
3512:
3479:
3458:
3433:
3412:
3397:
3365:
3339:
3314:
3302:
3277:
3246:
3211:
3191:
3182:Bowden, John.
3174:
3153:
3131:
3106:
3062:
3025:
3022:. p. 673.
3006:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2971:Highland Papua
2941:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2919:Ambonese Malay
2877:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2856:Dutch language
2852:Ambonese Malay
2844:Taliabu Island
2827:
2826:
2821:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2801:
2800:
2799:Language codes
2796:
2795:
2790:
2788:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2765:Writing system
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2736:
2734:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:Taliabu Island
2704:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2693:Native to
2690:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2669:Main article:
2666:
2663:
2648:North Sulawesi
2634:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2580:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2544:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2497:
2496:
2483:, you may see
2469:
2468:
2457:
2456:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2428:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2404:
2403:
2402:Language codes
2399:
2398:
2393:
2391:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2364:Manadoic Malay
2355:
2353:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2303:Native to
2300:
2299:
2291:Gorap language
2289:Main article:
2286:
2283:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2227:
2219:
2211:
2186:
2185:
2178:
2170:
2169:
2162:
2154:
2153:
2152:Language codes
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2094:Native to
2091:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2075:
2062:Maluku Islands
2047:Maluku Islands
2031:Ambonese Malay
2029:
2025:Ambonese Malay
2021:
2019:
2018:Ambonese Malay
2016:
1998:Main article:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1939:
1938:
1928:
1918:
1908:
1893:
1892:
1882:
1874:the diphthong
1872:
1851:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1814:
1805:
1796:
1783:
1766:
1765:
1747:
1733:
1719:
1700:
1686:
1672:
1654:
1643:
1633:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1587:Japanese: "or"
1584:
1579:
1577:Japanese: "or"
1574:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1444:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1413:Balinese Malay
1408:
1407:
1400:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1376:
1375:
1374:Language codes
1371:
1370:
1357:
1353:Writing system
1350:
1347:
1346:
1337:
1335:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1283:Native to
1280:
1279:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1252:Balinese Malay
1246:
1245:Balinese Malay
1243:
1223:Makassar Malay
1218:
1217:
1210:
1202:
1201:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1184:Language codes
1181:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1141:South Sulawesi
1134:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1123:Native to
1120:
1119:
1118:Makassar Malay
1112:
1111:Makassar Malay
1109:
1066:
1065:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1032:Language codes
1029:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1001:
998:
997:
976:
972:
971:
964:
961:
928:
925:
878:
870:
868:
865:
837:
829:
827:
824:
772:
764:
762:
759:
711:
703:
701:
698:
681:
680:
674:
668:
662:
656:
607:
606:
599:
591:
590:
583:
575:
574:
573:Language codes
570:
569:
566:
564:
557:
554:
553:
550:
547:
544:
543:
541:
540:
537:
531:
525:
523:
519:
518:
496:
492:
491:
484:Basa Peranakan
475:
474:
470:
469:
462:
459:
458:
457:
451:
445:
439:
394:
393:
388:
382:
381:
374:
366:
365:
358:
350:
349:
348:Language codes
345:
344:
341:
339:
332:
329:
328:
325:
322:
319:
318:
309:
305:
304:
293:
290:
289:
288:
279:
269:
255:
254:
247:
225:
218:
199:
113:
112:
107:
101:
100:
97:
89:
88:
87:Language codes
84:
83:
81:
80:
71:
69:
62:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
47:
46:Native to
43:
42:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11467:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11441:
11438:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11427:
11425:
11410:
11407:
11406:
11404:
11400:
11390:
11387:
11385:
11382:
11380:
11377:
11375:
11372:
11370:
11367:
11365:
11362:
11360:
11357:
11355:
11352:
11350:
11347:
11346:
11344:
11340:
11334:
11331:
11329:
11326:
11324:
11321:
11319:
11316:
11312:
11309:
11307:
11304:
11302:
11299:
11298:
11297:
11294:
11292:
11289:
11287:
11284:
11283:
11281:
11279:
11275:
11267:
11264:
11262:
11259:
11257:
11254:
11252:
11249:
11247:
11244:
11242:
11239:
11238:
11237:
11234:
11230:
11227:
11225:
11222:
11221:
11220:
11217:
11216:
11214:
11212:
11208:
11200:
11197:
11195:
11192:
11190:
11187:
11185:
11182:
11180:
11177:
11175:
11172:
11170:
11167:
11166:
11165:
11162:
11161:
11159:
11157:
11153:
11150:
11146:
11140:
11137:
11135:
11132:
11130:
11127:
11125:
11122:
11120:
11117:
11115:
11112:
11111:
11109:
11105:
11099:
11098:Orang Seletar
11096:
11093:
11092:
11090:
11086:
11076:
11073:
11071:
11068:
11066:
11063:
11061:
11058:
11057:
11055:
11051:
11045:
11042:
11041:
11039:
11035:
11032:
11028:
11024:
11017:
11012:
11010:
11005:
11003:
10998:
10997:
10994:
10981:
10978:
10977:
10974:
10964:
10961:
10959:
10956:
10955:
10953:
10949:
10941:
10938:
10937:
10936:
10933:
10932:
10930:
10926:
10923:
10921:
10917:
10911:
10908:
10906:
10903:
10901:
10898:
10896:
10893:
10891:
10888:
10886:
10883:
10881:
10878:
10876:
10873:
10871:
10868:
10864:
10861:
10860:
10859:
10856:
10854:
10851:
10849:
10848:East Timorese
10846:
10844:
10841:
10839:
10836:
10834:
10831:
10829:
10826:
10824:
10821:
10820:
10818:
10816:
10812:
10806:
10803:
10801:
10798:
10796:
10793:
10792:
10790:
10786:
10778:
10775:
10773:
10770:
10768:
10765:
10763:
10760:
10759:
10758:
10755:
10753:
10750:
10748:
10745:
10743:
10740:
10739:
10737:
10735:
10731:
10721:
10718:
10717:
10715:
10711:
10703:
10700:
10698:
10695:
10693:
10690:
10688:
10685:
10684:
10683:
10680:
10679:
10677:
10673:
10667:
10664:
10662:
10659:
10657:
10654:
10652:
10649:
10647:
10644:
10642:
10639:
10635:
10632:
10631:
10630:
10627:
10625:
10622:
10620:
10617:
10616:
10614:
10608:
10600:
10597:
10595:
10592:
10590:
10587:
10585:
10582:
10581:
10580:
10579:Indo-European
10577:
10573:
10570:
10566:
10563:
10562:
10561:
10558:
10556:
10553:
10552:
10551:
10548:
10547:
10545:
10541:
10531:
10528:
10527:
10526:
10523:
10515:
10512:
10511:
10510:
10507:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10494:
10493:
10490:
10489:
10488:
10485:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10471:
10468:
10466:
10463:
10462:
10461:
10458:
10457:
10456:
10453:
10451:
10448:
10442:
10439:
10438:
10437:
10434:
10433:
10432:
10429:
10428:
10427:
10424:
10423:
10421:
10417:
10414:
10408:
10398:
10395:
10393:
10390:
10388:
10385:
10383:
10380:
10378:
10375:
10373:
10370:
10368:
10365:
10363:
10360:
10358:
10355:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10317:Sarawak Malay
10315:
10313:
10310:
10308:
10305:
10303:
10300:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10283:
10280:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10265:
10263:
10260:
10258:
10255:
10253:
10250:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10235:
10233:
10230:
10228:
10225:
10223:
10220:
10218:
10215:
10213:
10210:
10208:
10205:
10203:
10200:
10198:
10195:
10193:
10190:
10188:
10185:
10183:
10180:
10178:
10175:
10173:
10170:
10168:
10165:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10145:
10143:
10140:
10138:
10135:
10133:
10130:
10128:
10125:
10123:
10120:
10118:
10115:
10113:
10110:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10098:
10095:
10093:
10090:
10088:
10087:Brunei Bisaya
10085:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10065:
10063:
10060:
10058:
10055:
10053:
10050:
10048:
10045:
10043:
10040:
10038:
10035:
10034:
10032:
10030:
10024:
10018:
10015:
10013:
10010:
10008:
10005:
10003:
10000:
9998:
9995:
9993:
9992:Southern Thai
9990:
9988:
9985:
9983:
9980:
9978:
9975:
9973:
9970:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9960:
9958:
9955:
9953:
9950:
9948:
9947:Orang Seletar
9945:
9943:
9940:
9938:
9935:
9933:
9930:
9928:
9925:
9923:
9920:
9918:
9915:
9913:
9910:
9908:
9905:
9903:
9900:
9898:
9895:
9893:
9890:
9888:
9885:
9883:
9880:
9878:
9875:
9873:
9870:
9868:
9865:
9863:
9860:
9858:
9855:
9853:
9850:
9848:
9845:
9843:
9840:
9839:
9837:
9835:
9829:
9823:
9820:
9819:
9817:
9813:
9810:
9808:
9803:
9799:
9791:
9788:
9787:
9786:
9783:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9754:
9753:North Bornean
9751:
9750:
9749:
9746:
9742:
9739:
9738:
9737:
9736:Austroasiatic
9734:
9733:
9731:
9729:
9725:
9713:
9710:
9709:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9700:
9699:
9697:
9695:
9691:
9688:
9684:
9680:
9673:
9668:
9666:
9661:
9659:
9654:
9653:
9650:
9640:
9634:
9620:
9617:
9615:
9612:
9611:
9609:
9607:
9603:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9585:
9580:
9576:
9575:
9574:
9571:
9570:
9568:
9564:
9555:
9551:
9548:
9544:
9541:
9537:
9536:
9535:
9532:
9531:
9529:
9527:
9523:
9517:
9514:
9512:
9509:
9507:
9504:
9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9469:
9468:
9466:
9464:
9460:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9446:
9441:
9437:
9436:
9435:
9432:
9431:
9429:
9427:
9423:
9417:
9414:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9399:
9395:
9392:
9388:
9387:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9352:
9350:
9348:
9344:
9341:
9337:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9316:
9313:
9311:
9308:
9306:
9303:
9301:
9298:
9295:
9292:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9258:
9256:
9252:
9239:
9235:
9234:
9233:
9230:
9225:
9221:
9220:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9206:
9202:
9201:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9194:Maumere Malay
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9136:
9134:
9132:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9119:
9115:
9111:
9104:
9100:
9086:
9083:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9050:
9047:
9045:
9042:
9040:
9037:
9035:
9032:
9030:
9027:
9025:
9022:
9020:
9017:
9015:
9012:
9011:
9009:
9005:
8999:
8996:
8994:
8991:
8990:
8988:
8986:
8982:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8952:
8950:
8948:
8944:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8923:
8920:
8919:
8917:
8915:
8911:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8891:
8889:
8887:
8883:
8877:
8874:
8873:
8871:
8869:
8865:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8825:
8823:
8821:
8817:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8797:
8795:
8793:
8789:
8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8774:
8772:
8770:
8766:
8760:
8757:
8755:
8752:
8750:
8747:
8746:
8744:
8742:
8738:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8723:
8721:
8719:
8715:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8685:
8683:
8681:
8677:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8662:
8660:
8658:
8654:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8624:
8622:
8620:
8619:South Pauwasi
8616:
8610:
8607:
8606:
8604:
8602:
8598:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8572:
8569:
8567:
8564:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8554:
8553:
8551:
8549:
8545:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8485:
8483:
8481:
8477:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8452:
8450:
8448:
8447:Demta–Sentani
8444:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8429:
8427:
8425:
8421:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8366:
8364:
8362:
8358:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8259:
8258:
8256:
8254:
8250:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8085:
8083:
8081:
8077:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7997:
7995:
7993:
7989:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7955:
7951:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7901:
7899:
7897:
7893:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7873:
7871:
7869:
7868:West Bomberai
7865:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7835:
7833:
7831:
7827:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7758:
7754:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7719:
7717:
7715:
7711:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7669:Central Asmat
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7656:
7654:
7652:
7648:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7553:
7551:
7549:
7545:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7470:
7468:
7466:
7462:
7458:
7454:
7449:
7445:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7367:
7365:
7363:
7359:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7184:
7182:
7180:
7176:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7027:
7023:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7008:
7006:
7004:
7000:
6995:
6991:
6989:
6985:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6950:
6948:
6946:
6942:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6732:
6730:
6728:
6722:
6716:
6713:
6708:
6704:
6701:
6700:South Lembata
6697:
6694:
6690:
6687:
6683:
6680:
6676:
6673:
6669:
6666:
6662:
6659:
6655:
6652:
6648:
6647:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6632:
6630:
6628:
6624:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6455:
6452:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6425:
6421:
6418:
6414:
6411:
6407:
6404:
6400:
6399:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6335:
6331:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6262:
6258:
6254:
6250:
6245:
6241:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6204:
6202:
6200:
6196:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6162:
6158:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6106:
6104:
6100:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6086:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6073:
6064:
6060:
6057:
6053:
6050:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6018:
6014:
6011:
6007:
6004:
6000:
5997:
5993:
5992:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5973:
5969:
5968:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5934:
5933:North Bornean
5930:
5924:
5921:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5908:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5844:
5840:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5786:
5782:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5694:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5682:Toraja-Sa’dan
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5572:Coastal Konjo
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5557:Budong-Budong
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5535:
5531:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5492:
5488:
5485:
5481:
5478:
5474:
5471:
5467:
5464:
5460:
5457:
5453:
5450:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5436:
5430:
5424:
5421:
5416:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5402:
5398:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5105:
5099:
5096:
5091:
5087:
5084:
5080:
5077:
5073:
5070:
5066:
5063:
5059:
5056:
5052:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5027:
5026:Tamiang Malay
5024:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5008:
5005:
5001:
4998:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4981:Sintang Malay
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4971:Serdang Malay
4969:
4967:
4966:Sekadau Malay
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4956:Sanggau Malay
4954:
4952:
4949:
4944:
4940:
4937:
4933:
4930:
4926:
4923:
4919:
4916:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4877:
4873:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4859:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4845:
4844:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4825:
4821:
4818:
4814:
4811:
4807:
4804:
4800:
4797:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4783:
4779:
4776:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4754:Langkat Malay
4752:
4750:
4747:
4742:
4738:
4735:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4565:
4561:
4558:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4507:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4452:
4447:
4445:
4440:
4438:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4391:
4381:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4361:
4356:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4316:
4315:
4309:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4276:
4272:
4265:
4264:
4258:
4254:
4252:0-85883-382-4
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4205:
4200:
4196:
4191:
4188:(2): 133–158.
4187:
4183:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4163:0-700-71586-X
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4146:0-203-64190-6
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4125:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4104:1-881044-29-7
4100:
4096:
4089:
4084:
4083:
4071:
4066:
4058:
4055:, Indonesia:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4039:
4031:
4028:, Indonesia:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4018:
4010:
3995:
3988:
3982:
3975:
3970:
3964:, p. 65.
3963:
3958:
3951:
3941:
3934:
3929:
3922:
3917:
3915:
3906:
3902:
3895:
3887:
3883:
3876:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3842:
3838:
3831:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3790:
3786:
3779:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3750:
3748:9783944675602
3744:
3739:
3734:
3730:
3723:
3715:
3708:
3700:
3699:
3698:Glottolog 3.0
3694:
3687:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3647:
3643:
3637:
3629:
3628:
3620:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3558:
3552:
3544:
3537:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3507:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3483:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3429:
3428:
3427:Glottolog 3.0
3423:
3416:
3408:
3401:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3361:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3311:
3306:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3250:
3234:
3231:, Indonesia:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3215:
3204:
3203:
3195:
3187:
3186:
3178:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3141:
3135:
3120:
3116:
3115:"Malay, Baba"
3110:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3082:
3081:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3030:
3021:
3014:
3012:
3007:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2967:Central Papua
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2781:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2658:
2657:bahasa Manado
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2617:
2613:
2612:mother tongue
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2563:
2562:lingua franca
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2454:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2384:
2379:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2259:mother tongue
2256:
2252:
2238:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2192:Banda Islands
2183:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2108:Banda Islands
2106:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2071:
2070:lingua franca
2067:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1941:For example:
1937:
1934:, reduces to
1933:
1929:
1927:
1924:, reduces to
1923:
1919:
1917:
1914:, reduces to
1913:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1768:For example:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1601:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1515:Jabirr Jabirr
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1479:Hakka Chinese
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1430:
1428:
1423:
1422:Omong Kampong
1418:
1414:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1312:Loloan Malays
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1265:
1264:Omong Kampong
1260:
1255:
1250:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1154:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1026:–based pidgin
1025:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
977:
973:
968:
960:
958:
953:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
875:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
834:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
769:
755:
751:
747:
743:
742:
737:
733:
731:
727:
723:
722:Betawi people
719:
715:
708:
697:
695:
694:Hokkien words
691:
687:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
653:
649:
648:
647:
645:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
604:
600:
598:
597:
592:
588:
584:
581:
576:
571:
565:
561:
555:
551:
545:
538:
535:
532:
530:
527:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
511:North Sumatra
508:
504:
500:
497:
493:
485:
480:
476:
471:
466:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
436:
432:
431:
430:
427:
425:
421:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
392:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
373:
372:
367:
363:
359:
356:
351:
346:
340:
336:
330:
326:
320:
317:
313:
310:
306:
297:
287:
283:
280:
277:
273:
272:Aku pukul dia
270:
267:
263:
260:
259:
258:
257:For example,
252:
248:
245:
241:
238:'to give' or
237:
233:
229:
226:
223:
219:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
197:
193:
190:
189:
188:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
166:
164:
160:
157:and in Malay
156:
152:
148:
147:lingua franca
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
108:
106:
102:
98:
95:
90:
85:
79:
76:
75:
74:
70:
66:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
35:
33:
27:
22:
19:
11124:Chitty Malay
11119:Bazaar Malay
10767:Chetty Malay
10756:
10509:Chaoshan Min
10487:Southern Min
10426:Sino-Tibetan
10307:Sabah Bisaya
10187:Kinabatangan
10092:Bukar–Sadong
9952:Pahang Malay
9748:Austronesian
9218:Papuan Malay
9184:Manado Malay
9174:Kupang Malay
9130:
8769:Bulaka River
8741:Marind–Yaqai
8718:Kaure–Kosare
8680:West Pauwasi
8657:East Pauwasi
7954:Paniai Lakes
7939:Western Dani
7651:Asmat–Mombum
7026:Sumba–Flores
6945:Kei-Tanimbar
6727:Cenderawasih
6707:West Lembata
6577:Seit-Kaitetu
6294:Kola-Kompane
5861:Bukar Sadong
4951:Sambas Malay
4915:Coastal Riau
4832:Melawi Malay
4749:Landak Malay
4718:Kualuh Malay
4688:Kayong Malay
4577:Bangka Malay
4495:
4419:
4413:Bibliography
4394:
4359:
4347:. Retrieved
4313:
4300:. Retrieved
4294:
4278:. Retrieved
4262:
4222:
4203:
4194:
4185:
4181:
4171:Bowden, John
4128:
4117:the original
4094:
4072:, p. 2.
4065:
4048:
4038:
4021:
4016:
4009:
3997:. Retrieved
3993:
3981:
3969:
3962:Paauw (2009)
3957:
3940:
3928:
3904:
3894:
3885:
3875:
3866:
3857:
3845:. Retrieved
3840:
3830:
3813:
3805:
3793:. Retrieved
3788:
3778:
3765:
3757:
3728:
3722:
3713:
3707:
3696:
3686:
3674:. Retrieved
3670:
3661:
3649:. Retrieved
3645:
3636:
3626:
3619:
3606:
3598:
3586:. Retrieved
3582:
3573:
3561:. Retrieved
3551:
3542:
3536:
3523:
3515:
3499:(1): 50–77.
3496:
3492:
3482:
3469:
3461:
3444:
3436:
3425:
3415:
3406:
3400:
3388:. Retrieved
3384:
3359:
3355:
3342:
3330:. Retrieved
3326:
3317:
3305:
3293:. Retrieved
3289:
3280:
3268:. Retrieved
3264:the original
3259:
3249:
3237:. Retrieved
3225:lib.ui.ac.id
3224:
3214:
3208:, p. 15
3201:
3194:
3184:
3177:
3164:
3156:
3144:. Retrieved
3134:
3122:. Retrieved
3118:
3109:
3098:the original
3093:10125/101107
3079:
3048:
3044:
3019:
2943:Papuan Malay
2937:Papuan Malay
2930:Papuan Malay
2907:bahasa Pasar
2906:
2903:North Maluku
2899:Sula Islands
2848:North Maluku
2840:Sula Islands
2830:
2823:
2816:
2748:
2707:Sula Islands
2650:province in
2636:Manado Malay
2630:Manado Malay
2623:Manado Malay
2585:
2558:Timor Island
2546:Kupang Malay
2540:Kupang Malay
2533:Kupang Malay
2502:
2500:
2472:
2463:
2423:
2367:
2331:Gorap people
2248:
2200:
2189:
2173:
2140:
2066:missionaries
2055:Dutch Empire
2043:Ambon Island
2013:
2003:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1903:reduces to "
1900:
1899:The prefix "
1894:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1868:" become to
1865:
1859:
1855:Brunei Malay
1852:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1743:reduces to
1740:
1730:
1726:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1697:
1693:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1650:
1646:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1507:Bardi people
1501:, and local
1445:
1411:
1395:
1360:Latin script
1257:Loloan Malay
1239:
1235:
1231:
1222:
1221:
1205:
1152:
1097:Brunei Malay
1075:
1069:
1053:
948:
944:Market Malay
943:
939:
936:Bazaar Malay
935:
931:
930:
890:and Shonam (
848:Tamil people
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
739:
712:
700:Betawi Malay
685:
682:
676:
670:
664:
661:: How's Eli?
658:
641:
636:
632:
616:
610:
594:
503:Central Java
478:
453:
447:
441:
428:
398:
397:
369:
285:
281:
275:
271:
265:
261:
256:
250:
243:
239:
235:
231:
221:
214:
210:
209:'that' (>
206:
202:
191:
186:
181:
177:
173:
169:
167:
159:Melayu Pasar
158:
154:
151:Bazaar Malay
150:
129:had various
116:
77:
29:
18:
11333:Minangkabau
10777:Sabah Malay
10772:Cocos Malay
10661:Minangkabau
10612:archipelago
10482:Pu-Xian Min
10460:Eastern Min
10410:Significant
10252:Murik Kayan
9962:Reman Malay
9957:Perak Malay
9942:Orang Kanaq
9882:Kedah Malay
9877:Judeo-Malay
9758:Kayan–Murik
9637:† indicate
9310:Pidgin Onin
9224:Serui Malay
9149:Banda Malay
8627:Biksi-Yetfa
8253:Lakes Plain
8035:Komyandaret
7992:Digul River
7674:North Asmat
7538:West Makian
7282:North Babar
7212:Dela-Oenale
7179:Timor–Babar
6988:Micronesian
6973:Uruangnirin
6582:Sepa-Teluti
6126:Gorontaloan
6025:Punan Merap
5828:Punan Merah
5785:Kayan–Murik
5662:Seko Tengah
5657:Seko Padang
5617:Makassarese
5567:Campalagian
5341:Tukang Besi
4929:Rokan Hilir
4894:Panai Malay
4790:Minangkabau
4734:Kota Bangun
4663:Jambi Malay
4602:Berau Malay
4564:Nusa Penida
4546:Bacan Malay
4242:1885/145107
4080:Works cited
3676:15 February
3563:19 December
3466:Sabah Malay
3441:Sabah Malay
3146:12 December
2975:South Papua
2688:Melayu Sula
2586:bahasa Nagi
2487:instead of
2255:Timor Leste
2218: : you
2141:Banda Malay
2084:Banda Malay
2077:Banda Malay
1930:The prefix
1920:The prefix
1910:The prefix
1878:reduces to
1757:reduces to
1729:reduces to
1710:reduces to
1696:reduces to
1682:reduces to
1664:reduces to
1638:lowered to
1592:Malay: "go"
1487:Sri Lankans
1364:Jawi script
1227:Makassarese
1177:Makassarese
1103:, standard
1076:Sabah Malay
970:Sabah Malay
963:Sabah Malay
940:Pasar Malay
489:بهاس ڤرانقن
302:ملايو بابا
205:'this' and
196:progressive
121:and modern
11424:Categories
11389:Vietnamese
11306:Mandailing
11278:Indonesian
11236:Indo-Aryan
11114:Baba Malay
10910:Vietnamese
10900:Sri Lankan
10858:Indonesian
10815:Immigrants
10762:Baba Malay
10682:Philippine
10675:Philippine
10656:Mandailing
10610:Indonesian
10397:Umaʼ Lasan
10287:Punan Batu
10232:Lun Bawang
9977:Semaq Beri
9832:Peninsular
9815:Nationwide
9807:Indigenous
9778:Sama–Bajaw
9773:Philippine
9763:Land Dayak
9619:Kata Kolok
9453:Portuguese
9365:Fuzhounese
9305:Pidgin Iha
9213:Orang Pulo
9205:Sula Malay
9139:Alor Malay
8548:Momuna–Mek
8523:Ninggerum
8394:Nisa-Anasi
8233:Samarokena
8080:Foja Range
7775:Duriankari
7342:West Damar
7222:East Damar
7034:Anakalangu
6885:Serui-Laut
6725:Halmahera-
6686:Lewo Eleng
6496:Liana-Seti
6189:Tontemboan
6030:Punan Tubu
5985:Lun Bawang
5972:Mainstream
5843:Land Dayak
5484:Simalungun
5477:Mandailing
5261:Mori Bawah
5206:Kaimbulawa
5090:Tenggerese
5062:Cirebonese
5055:Banyumasan
4943:Tembilahan
4922:Pangaraian
4909:Riau Malay
4889:Palu Malay
4741:Tenggarong
4622:Deli Malay
4617:Col/Lembak
4498:Indonesian
4420:Ethnologue
4349:14 January
4335:0858834022
4275:6002898562
4213:1887/25849
4070:Kluge 2014
4053:Yogyakarta
4026:Yogyakarta
3974:Stoel 2007
3921:Bos (2005)
3815:Ethnologue
3767:Ethnologue
3646:Ethnologue
3608:Ethnologue
3583:Ethnologue
3525:Ethnologue
3471:Ethnologue
3446:Ethnologue
3310:Paulo 2018
3290:Ethnologue
3239:5 February
3166:Ethnologue
3119:Ethnologue
3002:References
2979:West Papua
2951:New Guinea
2915:Sula Malay
2832:Sula Malay
2749:Sula Malay
2678:Sula Malay
2671:Sula Malay
2665:Sula Malay
2642:spoken in
2275:Portuguese
2271:Portuguese
2245:Dili Malay
2226: : we
2041:spoken on
2005:Alor Malay
2000:Alor Malay
1994:Alor Malay
1966:bərtəngkar
1884:the letter
1751:perfective
1737:perfective
1723:perfective
1704:perfective
1690:perfective
1676:perfective
1658:perfective
1540:Chirikurok
1475:Koepangers
1101:Indonesian
916:Hambantota
795:Orang Pulo
754:Uri Tadmor
696:mixed in.
625:Indonesian
613:Baba Malay
611:A kind of
403:Peranakans
399:Baba Malay
391:Baba Malay
299:Baba Malay
292:Baba Malay
246:'to make'.
11318:Baweanese
11291:Banjarese
11224:Malayalam
11219:Dravidian
11174:Hainanese
11169:Cantonese
11139:Singdarin
10951:By states
10805:Esperanto
10742:Chavacano
10555:Malayalam
10550:Dravidian
10477:Hainanese
10436:Cantonese
10372:Tombonuwo
10337:Sembakung
10157:Kalabakan
10107:Daro-Matu
9847:Cheq Wong
9785:Tai-Kadai
9702:Malaysian
9370:Hainanese
9355:Cantonese
9294:Mardijker
9238:Surabayan
9232:Peranakan
8993:Warembori
8922:Kimaghama
8810:Tamagario
8566:Ketengban
8488:Burumakok
8336:Sikaritai
8321:Obokuitai
8065:Tsaukambo
7795:Kemberano
7780:Inanwatan
7478:Gamkonora
7380:Kayupulau
7104:Manggarai
7016:Seluwasan
6790:Erokwanas
6645:Lamaholot
6617:Yalahatan
6552:Nusa Laut
6179:Tonsawang
6161:Minahasan
6146:Ponosakan
6141:Mongondow
6131:Kaidipang
6056:Kalabakan
6010:Sembakung
5906:Semandang
5886:Rejangese
5687:Ulumanda’
5622:Malimpung
5602:Kalumpang
5415:Kayuagung
5401:Lampungic
5266:Mori Atas
5226:Kumbewaha
5131:Balaesang
5126:Bahonsuai
5069:Indramayu
5043:Javanese
5036:Javanesic
5004:Bantenese
4991:Sundanese
4855:Palembang
4728:Kutainese
4655:Seberuang
4582:Banjarese
4364:CiteSeerX
4344:646958819
3950:help page
3789:Humaniora
3651:7 October
3588:7 October
3390:6 October
3332:6 October
3124:7 October
2895:Halmahera
2818:Glottolog
2806:ISO 639-3
2792:Indonesia
2697:Indonesia
2652:Indonesia
2600:Larantuka
2515:Halmahera
2503:Bobaneigo
2425:Glottolog
2409:ISO 639-3
2395:Indonesia
2328:Ethnicity
2307:Indonesia
2210: : I
2175:Glottolog
2159:ISO 639-3
2098:Indonesia
2058:colonised
1984:kəhidupan
1970:batengkar
1527:Karajarri
1509:but also
1491:Sinhalese
1483:Filipinos
1397:Glottolog
1381:ISO 639-3
1308:Ethnicity
1287:Indonesia
1207:Glottolog
1191:ISO 639-3
1127:Indonesia
1105:Malaysian
1093:Chabacano
1055:Glottolog
1039:ISO 639-3
1006:"growing"
952:creolised
912:Sinhalese
884:Sri Lanka
860:Singapore
807:Indonesia
730:Indonesia
690:Sundanese
617:Peranakan
596:Glottolog
580:ISO 639-3
529:Peranakan
522:Ethnicity
507:West Java
499:East Java
424:East Java
411:Singapore
371:Glottolog
355:ISO 639-3
316:Singapore
228:Causative
220:The verb
198:particle.
194:became a
155:low Malay
143:Indonesia
119:classical
94:ISO 639-3
54:Ethnicity
11369:Japanese
11364:Filipino
11354:Armenian
11328:Javanese
11323:Buginese
11286:Acehnese
11246:Gujarati
11134:Singlish
11129:Kristang
11070:Mandarin
11053:Official
11037:National
10890:Nepalese
10875:Japanese
10853:Filipino
10800:Tanglish
10752:Manglish
10747:Kristang
10646:Javanese
10641:Buginese
10629:Madurese
10619:Acehnese
10584:Gujarati
10412:minority
10382:Tringgus
10347:Serudung
10177:Kendayan
10147:Jangkang
10029:Malaysia
9917:Mah Meri
9907:Kristang
9834:Malaysia
9728:Families
9694:Official
9587:Japanese
9579:Filipino
9496:Sanskrit
9476:Gujarati
9426:European
9411:Mandarin
9315:Portugis
9085:Uhunduni
8937:Riantana
8800:Atohwaim
8409:Tunggare
8369:Baropasi
8326:Papasena
8311:Kirikiri
8238:Trimuris
8228:Oksapmin
8213:Nimboran
8208:Namblong
7820:Yahadian
7689:Kamberau
7606:Nedebang
7390:Masimasi
7337:Uab Meto
7227:Emplawas
7164:Wanukaka
7159:Wae Rana
7039:Baliledo
6935:Yeresiam
6930:Yeretuar
6910:Wandamen
6760:Bedoanas
6693:Lewotobi
6672:Lamatuka
6665:Lamalera
6607:Watubela
6597:Teor-Kur
6542:Naka'ela
6537:Masiwang
6532:Manusela
6465:Kamarian
6448:Hukumina
6319:Tarangan
6309:Manombai
6199:Sangiric
6111:Bintauna
6003:Selungai
5941:Bah-Biau
5923:Tringgus
5871:Kembayan
5866:Jangkang
5808:Hovongan
5760:Ot Siang
5750:Ot Danum
5735:Ma'anyan
5730:Lawangan
5710:Bakumpai
5705:Ampanang
5672:Talondo’
5642:Panasuan
5607:Lemolang
5592:Enrekang
5562:Buginese
5519:Simeulue
5509:Mentawai
5409:Komering
5351:Tomadino
5301:Rahambuu
5256:Moronene
5231:Lasalimu
5221:Kulisusu
5186:Dampelas
5166:Bonerate
5161:Bobongko
5136:Balantak
5018:Priangan
4848:Lematang
4817:Mukomuko
4769:Madurese
4698:Keninjal
4693:Kendayan
4597:Bengkulu
4557:Bali Aga
4551:Balinese
4533:Bakongan
4527:Acehnese
4302:28 April
4280:8 August
4173:(2005).
4155:53215736
4113:50506465
3990:(Visual)
3362:: 43–57.
3295:29 April
2523:Buginese
2511:northern
2493:Help:IPA
2432:gora1261
2317:Northern
2223:katorang
2182:band1353
1988:kaidopan
1986:becomes
1979:manangis
1977:becomes
1975:mənangis
1968:becomes
1959:becomes
1957:tərbəlah
1846:becomes
1837:becomes
1828:becomes
1819:becomes
1810:becomes
1801:becomes
1799:tərkəjut
1788:becomes
1777:becomes
1624:becomes
1511:Nyulnyul
1463:Japanese
1459:pearling
1404:bali1279
1301:Jembrana
1214:maka1305
1137:Makassar
1062:saba1263
993:, south
957:Singlish
900:lexifier
894:), with
856:Malaysia
844:Chetties
718:language
644:Surabaya
629:Surabaya
603:pera1256
536:-Chinese
534:Javanese
378:baba1267
123:literary
11359:Burmese
11301:Angkola
11266:Sinhala
11256:Punjabi
11241:Bengali
11199:Teochew
11194:Hokkien
11189:Hokchew
11184:Henghwa
11164:Sinitic
11156:Chinese
11060:English
10870:Persian
10838:Burmese
10833:Bengali
10823:African
10734:Creoles
10692:Maranao
10651:Kerinci
10594:Punjabi
10514:Teochew
10492:Hokkien
10419:Chinese
10367:Timugon
10327:Sekapan
10247:Momogun
10242:Melanau
10222:Lengilu
10212:Lahanan
10172:Kelabit
10162:Kanowit
10152:Kajaman
10097:Bukitan
10067:Bintulu
10057:Berawan
9982:Semelai
9892:Kenaboi
9857:Jah Hut
9802:Natives
9768:Malayic
9707:English
9573:Tagalog
9491:Punjabi
9471:Bengali
9448:English
9416:Teochew
9406:Hinghwa
9385:Hokkien
9347:Chinese
9283:Javindo
9122:Pidgins
9118:Creoles
9079:Tambora
9049:Maybrat
9029:Burmeso
9014:Abinomn
8914:Kolopom
8894:Mairasi
8886:Mairasi
8848:Sowanda
8805:Kayagar
8792:Kayagar
8698:Tofanma
8591:Somahai
8576:Korupun
8571:Kosarek
8561:Goliath
8538:Yonggom
8465:Sentani
8351:Waritai
8346:Taworta
8316:Kwerisa
8266:Biritai
8173:Kwesten
8158:Kemtuik
8148:Kauwera
8133:Isirawa
8108:Bonerif
8088:Airoran
8045:Mandobo
8040:Korowai
7853:Moskona
7810:Kovojab
7770:Dombano
7765:Arandai
7722:Kalabra
7699:Koneraw
7659:Buruwai
7641:Woisika
7631:Wersing
7528:Togutil
7513:Ternate
7405:Kaptiau
7317:Termanu
7287:Ringgou
7242:Imroing
7187:Amarasi
7134:Rembong
7099:Mamboru
7089:Lamboya
7069:Kambera
6978:Yamdena
6953:Fordata
6915:Waropen
6850:Meoswar
6840:Munggui
6800:Irarutu
6658:Ile Ape
6651:Adonara
6635:Alorese
6592:Taliabo
6572:Saparua
6567:Saleman
6557:Paulohi
6522:Mangole
6460:Kaibobo
6410:Kailolo
6403:Hulaliu
6372:Benggoi
6357:Asilulu
6352:Ambelau
6274:Batuley
6269:Barakai
6212:Ratahan
6174:Tondano
6169:Tombulu
6116:Bolango
6063:Nonukan
6044:Tidung
5980:Lengilu
5961:Kelabit
5956:Bukitan
5911:Beginci
5896:Sanggau
5851:Bakati’
5765:Tunjung
5652:Selayar
5587:Embaloh
5552:Bentong
5499:Enggano
5456:Angkola
5423:Lampung
5381:Wawonii
5356:Topoiyo
5291:Pancana
5251:Mbelala
5246:Liabuku
5236:Laiyolo
5216:Kodeoha
5181:Cia-Cia
5141:Banggai
5108:Celebic
4986:Sumbawa
4976:Semende
4869:Penukal
4862:Penesak
4824:Pesisir
4810:Kuantan
4759:Loncong
4703:Kerinci
4673:Kangean
4648:Mualang
4607:Besemah
3270:3 March
2987:Papuans
2891:Morotai
2883:Ternate
2608:Malacca
2527:Cia-Cia
2507:western
2489:Unicode
2462:in its
2321:western
2045:in the
2037:-based
1922:"tə(r)"
1912:"bə(r)"
1888:become
1753:marker
1739:marker
1725:marker
1706:marker
1692:marker
1678:marker
1660:marker
1647:p, t, k
1550:hokurok
1499:Koreans
1341:-based
995:Palawan
888:Sinhala
852:Malacca
803:Jakarta
746:Batavia
726:Jakarta
720:of the
415:Hokkien
262:Rumahku
139:Sumatra
110:crp-035
57:various
11379:Nepali
11374:Korean
11349:Arabic
11261:Sindhi
11229:Telugu
11211:Indian
10880:Korean
10828:Arabic
10713:Others
10697:Molbog
10687:Iranun
10634:Bawean
10624:Banjar
10572:Telugu
10543:Indian
10470:Fuzhou
10465:Fuqing
10357:Sungai
10302:Sa'ban
10272:Paluan
10267:Okolod
10207:Kuijau
10137:Ida'an
10112:Dumpas
10077:Bookan
10072:Bonggi
10062:Biatah
10052:Belait
10007:Temuan
9997:Temiar
9987:Semnam
9927:Mintil
9922:Minriq
9902:Kintaq
9897:Kensiu
9852:Duanoʼ
9741:Aslian
9592:Korean
9566:Others
9534:Arabic
9511:Telugu
9501:Sindhi
9463:Indian
9380:Haklau
9360:Fuqing
9159:Betawi
9074:Sumuri
9059:Momina
9044:Maklew
9007:Others
8965:Smerki
8927:Morori
8904:Semimi
8868:Senagi
8838:Taikat
8833:Elseng
8820:Border
8782:Yelmek
8777:Maklew
8754:Marind
8731:Kosare
8647:Murkim
8632:Kembra
8586:Nipsan
8528:Tangko
8518:Ngalum
8493:Faiwol
8432:Saweru
8404:Tefaro
8384:Demisa
8379:Burate
8331:Rasawa
8281:Eritai
8271:Doutai
8198:Mekwei
8188:Massep
8183:Mander
8178:Kwinsu
8163:Kwerba
8153:Keijar
8143:Kapori
8118:Dineor
8093:Bagusa
8070:Wambon
8060:Shiaxa
8030:Kombai
8015:Densar
8010:Bayono
8005:Awbono
7982:Wolani
7924:Silimo
7843:Mansim
7815:Puragi
7800:Kokoda
7785:Kaburi
7737:Moraid
7727:Kuwani
7704:Sempan
7694:Kamoro
7684:Mombum
7621:Sawila
7611:Oirata
7586:Kamang
7566:Blagar
7533:Waioli
7523:Tobelo
7518:Tidore
7508:Tabaru
7493:Modole
7488:Loloda
7473:Galela
7420:Tobati
7415:Tarpia
7400:Podena
7375:Bonggo
7347:Welaun
7312:Tela'a
7297:Serili
7292:Romang
7272:Masela
7237:Helong
7232:Galoli
7217:Dengka
7192:Bekais
7169:Wejewa
7144:Rongga
7129:Rajong
7124:Pondok
7119:Palu'e
7114:Ngadha
7084:Komodo
7011:Selaru
7003:Selaru
6905:Wamesa
6895:Tandia
6865:Patani
6860:Papuma
6830:Matbat
6815:Kurudu
6805:Iresim
6785:Dusner
6780:Busami
6750:Arguni
6679:Levuka
6640:Kedang
6612:Wemale
6602:Tulehu
6547:Nuaulu
6527:Manipa
6506:Lisela
6476:Kowiai
6471:Kayeli
6454:Hulung
6443:Huaulu
6417:Pelauw
6397:Haruku
6347:Amahai
6314:Mariri
6304:Lorang
6222:Talaud
6217:Sangir
6207:Bantik
6184:Tonsea
6151:Suwawa
6093:Tausug
6049:Burusu
6035:Sa'ban
5996:Okolod
5966:Kenyah
5881:Nyadu’
5856:Biatah
5823:Modang
5793:Aoheng
5740:Malang
5715:Bajaw
5697:Barito
5647:Pannei
5637:Mandar
5632:Mamuju
5627:Mamasa
5547:Bambam
5524:Sikule
5366:Totoli
5361:Tomini
5346:Tolaki
5326:Pamona
5316:Sarudu
5311:Saluan
5296:Pendau
5211:Kamaru
5171:Bungku
5083:Serang
5048:Arekan
5011:Brebes
4803:Kampar
4796:Jamee
4782:Sapudi
4775:Bawean
4627:Duano'
4572:Bamayo
4376:
4366:
4342:
4332:
4273:
4249:
4161:
4153:
4143:
4111:
4101:
3999:1 June
3847:7 July
3795:18 May
3745:
2981:, and
2897:, and
2887:Tidore
2703:Region
2644:Manado
2596:Flores
2550:Kupang
2460:UNESCO
2313:Region
2196:Maluku
2104:Region
1961:tabala
1901:mə(N)"
1826:jangan
1808:ləmbut
1803:takajo
1780:makang
1649:, and
1565:kriki.
1523:Yawuru
1467:Malays
1451:pidgin
1343:creole
1293:Region
1276:ᬒᬁᬢᬶᬬᬂ
1171:Mixed
1133:Region
1085:Tausug
987:Labuan
975:Region
714:Betawi
495:Region
407:Melaka
312:Melaka
308:Region
163:pidgin
125:form,
73:Creole
11342:Other
11296:Batak
11251:Hindi
11179:Hakka
11075:Tamil
11065:Malay
11044:Malay
10920:Signs
10843:Khmer
10795:Rojak
10702:Suluk
10589:Hindi
10560:Tamil
10450:Hakka
10387:Tutoh
10377:Tring
10362:Tagol
10322:Sebop
10297:Remun
10292:Penan
10277:Papar
10257:Narom
10227:Lotud
10217:Lelak
10192:Kiput
10167:Kayan
10142:Jagoi
10127:Ganaʼ
10117:Dusun
10047:Bajau
10042:Bahau
10017:Wila'
10002:Temoq
9972:Semai
9967:Sabüm
9912:Lanoh
9872:Jedek
9867:Jakun
9862:Jahai
9842:Batek
9822:Malay
9804:&
9506:Tamil
9434:Dutch
9391:Medan
9375:Hakka
9321:Tansi
9300:Petjo
9272:Borgo
9164:Gorap
9054:Molof
9039:Kanum
9024:Amung
8970:Tamer
8858:Waris
8843:Manem
8759:Yaqay
8749:Bipim
8726:Kaure
8703:Towei
8688:Namla
8670:Zorop
8642:Lepki
8637:Kimki
8581:Nalca
8533:Tifal
8513:Nakai
8503:Kopka
8470:Tabla
8460:Nafri
8455:Demta
8414:Woria
8399:Sauri
8389:Kofei
8374:Bauzi
8341:Tause
8276:Duvle
8261:Awera
8243:Vitou
8223:Sause
8193:Mawes
8128:Gresi
8123:Edwas
8103:Betaf
8098:Berik
8020:Edera
7972:Ekari
7929:Walak
7919:Nggem
7914:Nduga
7909:Hupla
7886:Karas
7876:Baham
7858:Sougb
7848:Meyah
7838:Hatam
7805:Konda
7747:Tehit
7742:Seget
7679:Citak
7626:Teiwa
7616:Retta
7581:Kafoa
7576:Kaera
7571:Bunak
7561:Adang
7430:Yamna
7425:Wakde
7410:Sobei
7352:Wetar
7327:Te'un
7322:Tetum
7302:Serua
7267:Luang
7252:Kisar
7247:Kemak
7197:Bilba
7154:Kepo'
7139:Riung
7059:Gaura
6994:Mapia
6968:Sekar
6880:Sawai
6845:Marau
6835:Ma'ya
6825:Maden
6745:Ansus
6740:Ambel
6735:Ambai
6562:Salas
6392:Geser
6382:Bobot
6377:Boano
6362:Banda
6342:Alune
6284:Karey
6279:Dobel
6136:Lolak
6040:Sajau
6017:Tagol
5990:Murut
5951:Bukat
5946:Basap
5916:Gerai
5891:Ribun
5876:Laraʼ
5833:Segai
5813:Kayan
5803:Bahau
5775:Pakau
5755:Sama
5745:Ngaju
5725:Kohin
5720:Deyah
5677:Taman
5612:Maiwa
5577:Dakka
5463:Dairi
5443:Batak
5386:Wolio
5336:Tajio
5321:Sedoa
5306:Rampi
5286:Padoe
5241:Lauje
5201:Kaili
5196:Kalao
5191:Dondo
5176:Busoa
5156:Boano
5151:Behoa
5146:Batui
5116:Andio
5076:Osing
4997:Baduy
4961:Sasak
4899:Pekal
4876:Rawas
4612:Bukit
4506:Slang
4318:(PDF)
4267:(PDF)
4178:(PDF)
4120:(PDF)
4091:(PDF)
3810:Gorap
3352:(PDF)
3235:: 126
3229:Depok
3206:(PDF)
3101:(PDF)
3084:(PDF)
3041:(PDF)
2963:Papua
2961:(now
2923:Dutch
2772:Latin
2604:Malay
2445:Gorap
2368:Gorap
2298:Gorap
2285:Gorap
2279:Tetum
2035:Malay
1817:dapat
1812:lombo
1786:pərgi
1774:makan
1755:sudah
1702:the
1688:the
1680:lebih
1674:the
1656:the
1519:Jukun
1495:Tamil
1449:is a
1339:Malay
1173:Malay
1072:Malay
1024:Malay
979:Sabah
942:, or
896:Malay
819:Malay
815:Bugis
686:krama
637:ngoko
240:bikin
222:pərgi
174:orang
170:punya
127:Malay
11384:Thai
11311:Toba
10928:Main
10905:Thai
10895:Urdu
10720:Cham
10666:Rawa
10599:Urdu
10392:Ukit
10352:Sian
10342:Seru
10312:Sama
10132:Iban
10037:Abai
10027:East
9686:Main
9516:Urdu
9486:Pali
9481:Odia
9398:Riau
9120:and
9069:Mpur
9019:Abun
8998:Yoke
8960:Rema
8932:Ndom
8876:Dera
8853:Viid
8828:Awyi
8708:Usku
8693:Tebi
8665:Emem
8609:Skou
8601:Skou
8556:Eipo
8508:Muyu
8498:Iwur
8437:Yawa
8424:Yawa
8306:Keuw
8301:Kaiy
8291:Foau
8286:Fayu
8218:Orya
8203:Mlap
8138:Itik
8113:Dabe
8055:Sawi
8050:Pisa
8025:Jair
8000:Aghu
7977:Moni
7962:Auye
7944:Yali
7934:Wano
7896:Dani
7790:Kais
7601:Kula
7591:Klon
7556:Abui
7503:Sahu
7498:Pagu
7395:Ormu
7385:Liki
7370:Anus
7277:Nila
7262:Lole
7257:Leti
7149:So'a
7109:Nage
7079:Kodi
7064:Hawu
7054:Ende
7049:Dhao
7044:Bima
6963:Onin
6925:Yaur
6900:Wabo
6890:Taba
6875:Roon
6820:Maba
6810:Kuri
6795:Gane
6775:Buli
6770:Biga
6765:Biak
6715:Sika
6587:Sula
6517:Luhu
6511:Loun
6491:Latu
6481:Laha
6437:Hoti
6432:Hitu
6387:Buru
6367:Bati
6324:Ujir
6299:Lola
6289:Koba
6121:Buol
5901:Sara
5818:Krio
5798:Aput
5770:Witu
5667:Tae’
5582:Duri
5514:Nias
5504:Gayo
5491:Toba
5470:Karo
5449:Alas
5391:Wotu
5376:Waru
5331:Taje
5281:Napu
5276:Muna
5271:Moma
5121:Bada
5098:Kawi
4936:Siak
4884:Ogan
4842:Musi
4764:Lubu
4723:Kubu
4683:Kaur
4642:Iban
4637:Haji
4632:Enim
4374:ISBN
4351:2023
4340:OCLC
4330:ISBN
4304:2021
4282:2021
4271:OCLC
4247:ISBN
4159:ISBN
4151:OCLC
4141:ISBN
4109:OCLC
4099:ISBN
4001:2024
3849:2024
3797:2022
3743:ISBN
3678:2022
3653:2018
3590:2018
3565:2018
3392:2018
3334:2018
3297:2021
3272:2022
3241:2023
3148:2014
3126:2018
2921:and
2854:and
2842:and
2824:None
2709:and
2525:and
2509:and
2319:and
2277:and
2251:Dili
2237:mier
2215:pane
2207:beta
2060:the
1948:and
1936:"ka"
1932:"kə"
1926:"ta"
1916:"ba"
1886:" u"
1876:"ai"
1844:lupa
1835:pada
1830:jang
1821:dapa
1790:pigi
1749:the
1745:pung
1735:the
1731:deng
1721:the
1708:mana
1662:juga
1640:e, o
1636:i, u
1560:peke
1555:-kaa
1545:-kaa
1525:and
1493:and
1417:Bali
1297:Bali
1153:None
858:and
838:The
817:and
773:The
251:sama
244:buat
236:bəri
232:kasi
182:bər-
180:and
178:tər-
105:IETF
10885:Lao
10455:Min
10431:Yue
9937:Mos
9790:Tai
9064:Mor
9034:Dem
8975:Yei
8947:Yam
8899:Mer
8296:Iau
7967:Dao
7881:Iha
7732:Moi
7596:Kui
7483:Kao
7332:Tii
7202:Dai
7094:Lio
7074:Kéo
6958:Kei
6920:Woi
6870:Pom
6855:Mor
6261:Aru
5371:Uma
4322:doi
4296:CNA
4237:hdl
4227:doi
4208:hdl
4133:doi
3812:at
3764:at
3733:doi
3605:at
3522:at
3501:doi
3468:at
3443:at
3163:at
3088:hdl
3053:doi
3049:145
2901:in
2838:in
2475:IPA
2440:ELP
2416:goq
2231:mir
2166:bpq
2049:of
1950:"h"
1946:"ə"
1890:"o"
1880:"e"
1870:"o"
1792:or
1761:or
1741:pun
1727:dan
1694:mau
1668:or
1489:of
1388:mhp
1198:mfp
1046:msi
914:in
854:in
724:in
646:):
587:pea
405:in
386:ELP
362:mbf
242:or
234:or
207:itu
203:ini
192:Ada
153:or
137:in
11426::
8480:Ok
6755:As
4372:.
4338:.
4328:.
4293:.
4245:.
4235:.
4186:31
4184:.
4180:.
4157:.
4149:.
4139:.
4107:.
4047:.
4020:.
3992:.
3952:).
3913:^
3903:.
3884:.
3865:.
3839:.
3787:.
3741:.
3695:.
3669:.
3644:.
3581:.
3497:13
3495:.
3491:.
3424:.
3383:.
3368:^
3360:50
3358:.
3354:.
3325:.
3288:.
3258:.
3223:.
3117:.
3065:^
3047:.
3043:.
3028:^
3010:^
2977:,
2973:,
2969:,
2965:,
2893:,
2889:,
2885:,
2588:,
2552:,
2253:,
2194:,
1905:ma
1866:au
1848:lu
1839:pa
1794:pi
1763:so
1759:su
1718:).
1712:ma
1698:mo
1684:le
1670:jo
1666:ju
1628:,
1533:.
1521:,
1517:,
1513:,
1485:,
1481:,
1477:,
1473:,
1469:,
1465:,
1139:,
1099:,
1095:,
1091:,
1087:,
1074:,
989:,
985:,
981:,
938:,
906:,
805:,
728:,
513:,
509:,
505:.
501:,
426:.
215:tu
213:,
211:ni
184:.
141:,
11015:e
11008:t
11001:v
9671:e
9664:t
9657:v
9317:†
9296:†
9290:†
9279:†
9268:†
9081:†
6996:†
6513:†
6467:†
6456:†
6450:†
6439:†
4450:e
4443:t
4436:v
4382:.
4353:.
4324::
4306:.
4284:.
4255:.
4239::
4229::
4216:.
4210::
4165:.
4135::
4059:.
4032:.
4003:.
3907:.
3851:.
3799:.
3751:.
3735::
3680:.
3655:.
3592:.
3567:.
3509:.
3503::
3394:.
3336:.
3312:.
3299:.
3274:.
3243:.
3150:.
3128:.
3090::
3059:.
3055::
2939:.
2925:.
2875:.
2811:–
2632:.
2584:(
2578:.
2542:.
2495:.
2240:)
2027:.
1907:"
1714:(
1651:n
1630:e
1626:a
1622:ə
1442:.
1303:)
1175:–
876:.
835:.
821:.
783:,
781:)
777:(
770:.
709:.
684:(
99:–
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.