36:
290:
197:("The crime of majestas is that which is committed against the Roman people or against their safety.") Of treasons other than military offences, some of the more noticeable were the raising of an army or levying war without the command of the emperor, the questioning of the emperor's choice of a successor, the murder of (or conspiracy to murder) hostages or certain
156:, to which the date of 48 B.C. has been conjecturally assigned, continued to be the basis of the Roman law of treason until the latest period of the empire. The original text of the law appears to have still dealt with what were chiefly military offences, such as sending letters or messages to the enemy, giving up a standard or fortress, and desertion.
258:. A traitor could not make a will or a gift or emancipate a slave. Even the death of the accused, if guilty of treason of the gravest kind, such as levying war against the state, did not extinguish the charge, but the memory of the deceased became infamous, and his property was forfeited as though he had been convicted in his lifetime.
237:
one of those crimes in which any citizen was entitled to prosecute. The law deprived the accused in a charge of treason of his ordinary remedy for malicious prosecution, and also took from him the privilege (which those accused of other crimes generally possessed) of immunity from accusation by women
225:
in later law. It was not treason to repair a statue of the emperor which had decayed from age, to hit such a statue with a stone thrown by chance, to melt down such a statue if unconsecrated, to use mere verbal insults against the emperor, to fail in keeping an oath sworn by the emperor or to decide
201:
of high rank, the occupation of public places, the meeting within the city of persons hostile to the state with weapons or stones, incitement to sedition or administration of unlawful oaths, release of prisoners justly confined, falsification of public documents, and failure of a provincial governor
55:
It should be brought up to date to reflect subsequent history or scholarship (including the references, if any). When you have completed the review, replace this notice with a simple note on this article's talk
109:
were, strictly, public enemies who bore arms against the state; and traitors were regarded as having no more rights than public enemies. The
311:
46:
302:
335:
85:) throughout the Republican and Imperial periods dealing with crimes against the Roman people, state, or Emperor.
113:
made it punishable with death to communicate with the enemy or to betray a citizen to the enemy. Other kinds of
178:. The concept of the emperor as divine had much to do with this. It became a maxim that treason was next to
185:
The law as it existed in the time of
Justinian is contained chiefly in the titles of the Digest and Codex
195:
maiestatis crimen illud est quod adversus populum
Romanum vel adversus securitatem eius committitur."
17:
202:
to quit his province at the expiration of his office or to deliver his army to his successor.
295:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
8:
238:
or infamous persons, from liability to be put to the torture, and from having his slaves
353:
255:
250:
The punishment from the time of
Tiberius was death (usually by beheading) and
121:), in other words, banishment. The crime was tried before a special tribunal (
347:
315:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 223–228.
306:
296:
129:), which was perhaps the earliest permanent criminal court existing at Rome.
110:
251:
168:, the law of treason was greatly expanded in scope, mainly in the reign of
165:
101:
were almost exclusively those committed in military service. The very name
330:
A very good collection of resources maintained by professor Ernest
Metzger
198:
179:
105:, the name of the crime in the older Roman law, is evidence of this.
94:
172:, and led to the rise of a class of professional informers, called
169:
239:
218:
174:
159:
98:
190:
329:
45:
is largely based on an article in the out-of-copyright
97:, the offences originally falling under the head of
117:
were punished by "interdiction of fire and water" (
189:. The definition given in the Digest (taken from
345:
160:Expansion of the law of treason under Tiberius
339:by Professor Yves Lassard and Alexandr Koptev
226:a case contrary to an imperial constitution.
217:" ("Emperors are as gods") are the words of
209:) was punishable as much as an overt act (
81:, encompasses several ancient Roman laws (
283:
281:
279:
277:
275:
273:
271:
27:Crimes against the state in ancient Rome
14:
346:
300:
268:
29:
254:of property, coupled with complete
24:
242:to make them testify against him.
25:
365:
323:
301:Craies, William Feilden (1911). "
288:
34:
132:At a later period, the name of
88:
13:
1:
261:
245:
52:, which was produced in 1911.
215:Principes instar deorum esse
7:
10:
370:
187:Ad legem Iuliam maiestatis
119:aquae et ignis interdictio
221:. This crime was called
312:Encyclopædia Britannica
229:Treason was one of the
48:Encyclopædia Britannica
136:gave place to that of
127:duumviri perduellionis
337:The Roman Law Library
223:laesa maiestas divina
154:lex Iulia maiestatis
125:) by two officials (
71:
70:
16:(Redirected from
361:
317:
316:
294:
292:
291:
285:
256:civil disability
83:leges maiestatis
66:
63:
57:
50:Eleventh Edition
38:
37:
30:
21:
369:
368:
364:
363:
362:
360:
359:
358:
344:
343:
326:
321:
320:
289:
287:
286:
269:
264:
248:
231:publica judicia
205:The intention (
162:
146:minuta maiestas
91:
75:law of majestas
67:
61:
58:
54:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
367:
357:
356:
342:
341:
333:
325:
324:External links
322:
319:
318:
307:Chisholm, Hugh
266:
265:
263:
260:
247:
244:
161:
158:
138:laesa maiestas
90:
87:
79:lex maiestatis
69:
68:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
366:
355:
352:
351:
349:
340:
338:
334:
331:
328:
327:
314:
313:
308:
304:
298:
297:public domain
284:
282:
280:
278:
276:
274:
272:
267:
259:
257:
253:
243:
241:
236:
232:
227:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
203:
200:
196:
193:) is this: ''
192:
188:
183:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
111:Twelve Tables
108:
104:
100:
96:
86:
84:
80:
76:
65:
53:
51:
49:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
336:
310:
252:confiscation
249:
234:
230:
228:
222:
214:
210:
206:
204:
194:
186:
184:
182:in gravity.
173:
163:
153:
149:
148:, or simply
145:
141:
137:
133:
131:
126:
122:
118:
114:
106:
102:
92:
82:
78:
74:
72:
59:
47:
44:
199:magistrates
89:Description
62:August 2022
262:References
246:Punishment
134:perduellio
115:perduellio
107:Perduelles
103:perduellio
354:Roman law
180:sacrilege
175:delatores
164:With the
95:Roman law
348:Category
240:tortured
211:effectus
207:voluntas
170:Tiberius
150:maiestas
142:deminuta
123:quaestio
18:Majestas
309:(ed.).
303:Treason
299::
219:Tacitus
99:treason
305:". In
293:
191:Ulpian
166:Empire
152:. The
77:, or
56:page.
235:i.e.
213:). "
73:The
144:or
93:In
350::
270:^
233:,
140:,
332:.
64:)
60:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.