90:, and European groups. However, within the Mahas communities, there was a strong inclination for preserving the Mahas lineage. Marriage was predominately between the Arab communities in the Nile valley. It was rare to encounter marriages between the Mahas communities and the Sudanese Darfuris and southern regions of present-day Sudan. The emphasis of cultural homogeneity within the Mahas communities was strengthened with Islamic values at that time that perpetuated egalitarianism.
101:
The Mahas community established at Tuti Island, at the convergence of the Blue and White Nile, is among the oldest Mahas communities. The Mahas have occupied their site on Tuti Island for about five hundred years. The site is exclusively homogenous to the Mahas. In the 15th century, The Mahas fukahaa
166:
and community throughout
Turkish rule. Today, the site is still remembered to be a couple of blocks south of the Blue Nile. It is said that around, or maybe later, than 1646, the Sheikh Hamad was born on Tuti Island. He was a part of the religious order and a student of the El Agyed. For reasons not
81:
The Mahas in the “Three Towns” are largely from Nubian descent. Lobban argues that they are of the completely
Arabized Nubians. The Mahas of this stock do not maintain strong ties with the Nubians in the north and east. They know little of the Nubian language. Inhabiting the north of Sudan and south
93:
At that time, traditional society embraced socio-economic differences among the people of the region. Servants, former slaves, and farmworkers from the west and south of Sudan constituted the bottom of the hierarchy. Among the Mahas, there was different access to power at the top. Some Mahas family
178:
to serve as a religious advisor in the region. He is seen as the founder of the
Qadriya tariqa, or way, in Sudan. He was considered to have magical powers that aligned with curing the sick, restoring youth, and curing sterility. He was famous for giving out roughly sixty plates of food to his
45:
For millennia, the Mahas tribe had resided in the region that constitutes present day north Sudan. Little arable land and finite rainfall lead the Mahas, and other residents of the area, to migrate from the area. As early as the late 1400s to the early 1500s, following the end of the
139:, or tomb, that would be the center of the municipal's cemetery. For larger Mahas villages, there would often be a market and areas for craft specialization whereas the inhabitants of the community could sell, exchange, and buy crafts, livestock, and various produce.
102:
of Tuti were seen as key to the islamization of Sudan. As the first to build permanent structures in the
Khartoum area, the Mahas may be credited with initiating the modernization of Sudan. The “Three Towns” area is the current center of modern-day Sudan.
105:
By the early 16th century, the Mahas ethnic community were established in the area. Most of the Mahas communities were established by a prominent Muslim scholar and leader called the
86:
relatively early. As Mahas families became established in the Three Towns, they were almost exclusively of Mahas descent. The Three Towns area was composed of Nubian, Arab, Sudanic,
179:
followers who were in need every day. Because of his generous and exuberant reputation, he was awarded the acres of land that now constitute the
Eilafun region in Khartoum.
50:
in Egypt and the
Christian kingdom in Nubia, the Mahas ethnic group began to migrate. The Mahas migrants settled in the “Three Towns” area, the present-day cities of
116:
would bring their respective families to the site of the community. In addition to the home the family would build, there would also be a religious school, or
167:
known, the Sheikh moved to settle on the western shore of the white Nile. We see that his village and settlement on the white Nile as the first settlement of
142:
Several prominent Mahas figures gave rise to the “Three Towns” area. In 1691, Sheikh Arbab El Agyed established a community and
Islamic regional center in
146:. Born in Tuti island around the 17th century, Agayed was related to Mohammed Busati, a religious scholar responsible for spreading Islam in the state of
162:. This community turned into the first permanent settlement in (western) Khartoum. The Mahas encountered the destruction of Agayed's
411:
343:
94:
groups brought in a substantial amount of turnover through agricultural land holdings. Other Mahas groups saw religious advisors,
235:
98:(mayors), and high-ranking military officers, business men, and public servants as the conflux of power.
406:
70:
from the Jummu’iya tribe. When the Mahas had arrived, the area was already inhabited by the Rufa’a,
47:
82:
of Egypt at a time when Islam was expanding south up the Nile, the Mahas of this group were
8:
363:
263:
255:
383:
267:
355:
247:
71:
87:
31:
159:
135:
When the founding scholar died, a typical Mahas community would also include a
75:
55:
344:"A Genealogical and Historical Study of the Mahas of the "Three Towns," Sudan"
19:
This article is about a Nubian subgroup in Sudan. For the town in Jordan, see
401:
395:
154:
he established attracted around 500 students, 300 of them being
Nubians. The
63:
42:
located in
Southern Egypt and Northern Sudan along the banks of the Nile.
83:
67:
259:
367:
66:
insinuates that the Mahas acquired land in the “Three Towns” area and
251:
359:
168:
147:
143:
59:
51:
39:
174:
Sheikj Idiris wad
Muhammad el Arbab was one of the first Mahas
20:
123:
As the community grew, it would include multiple homes, the
158:
in the community lasted until the conquest of Sudan by the
348:
The International Journal of African Historical Studies
240:
Africa: Journal of the International African Institute
384:http://www.spicey.demon.co.uk/Nubianpage/mahas.htm
236:"Class and Kinship in Sudanese Urban Communities"
393:
16:Nobiin-speaking Nubian subgroup in Sudan
394:
341:
233:
337:
335:
333:
331:
329:
327:
325:
323:
321:
319:
317:
315:
313:
311:
309:
307:
305:
303:
301:
299:
297:
229:
227:
225:
223:
221:
219:
217:
215:
213:
211:
295:
293:
291:
289:
287:
285:
283:
281:
279:
277:
209:
207:
205:
203:
201:
199:
197:
195:
193:
191:
35:
13:
14:
423:
377:
274:
188:
412:Sudanese people of Beja descent
1:
182:
7:
342:Lobban, Richard A. (1983).
234:Lobban, Richard A. (1982).
62:, and along the Blue Nile.
10:
428:
160:Turkish and Ottoman Empire
18:
78:, and Jummu’iya peoples.
38:) are a sub-group of the
48:Mamluke Sultanate
419:
407:Nubians in Sudan
386:The Mahas Survey
372:
371:
339:
272:
271:
231:
127:, and the local
37:
427:
426:
422:
421:
420:
418:
417:
416:
392:
391:
380:
375:
340:
275:
252:10.2307/1159141
232:
189:
185:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
425:
415:
414:
409:
404:
388:
387:
379:
378:External links
376:
374:
373:
360:10.2307/217787
354:(2): 231–262.
273:
186:
184:
181:
56:Khartoum North
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
424:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
399:
397:
390:
385:
382:
381:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
338:
336:
334:
332:
330:
328:
326:
324:
322:
320:
318:
316:
314:
312:
310:
308:
306:
304:
302:
300:
298:
296:
294:
292:
290:
288:
286:
284:
282:
280:
278:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
230:
228:
226:
224:
222:
220:
218:
216:
214:
212:
210:
208:
206:
204:
202:
200:
198:
196:
194:
192:
187:
180:
177:
172:
170:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
108:
103:
99:
97:
91:
89:
85:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
43:
41:
40:Nubian people
33:
29:
22:
389:
351:
347:
246:(2): 51–76.
243:
239:
175:
173:
163:
155:
151:
141:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
117:
113:
109:
106:
104:
100:
95:
92:
80:
44:
27:
25:
68:Tuti Island
396:Categories
183:References
268:145647784
131:or mosque
72:Ja’aliyin
169:Omdurman
148:Kordofan
144:Khartoum
84:Arabized
60:Omdurman
52:Khartoum
260:1159141
176:fukahaa
129:mesjid,
114:fukahaa
107:fukahaa
88:Nilotic
76:Shayqia
368:217787
366:
266:
258:
164:masjid
156:masjid
152:khalwa
150:. The
125:khalwa
118:khalwa
64:Arkell
58:, and
32:Arabic
364:JSTOR
264:S2CID
256:JSTOR
137:gubba
112:Each
96:omdas
36:المŘŘł
28:Mahas
21:Mahis
402:Nile
26:The
356:doi
248:doi
398::
362:.
352:16
350:.
346:.
276:^
262:.
254:.
244:52
242:.
238:.
190:^
171:.
74:,
54:,
34::
370:.
358::
270:.
250::
133:.
121:.
110:.
30:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.