Mahamudra - Knowledge

1633: 2596:

in phenomena (dharmas), one encounters it nowhere. Thus, one comes to abide in a space-like awareness of the void nature of both the person and dharmas. Next (or, alternatively) one examines more carefully whether the mind itself can be found in an ultimate sense: it is discovered to have the conventional nature of a flow of awareness and clarity, but no ultimacy, no true existence. In short, one should recognize that any existent that arises, whether an object of the mind or the mind itself, is merely conceptual, is void and—as Chos rgyan quotes his guru, Sangs rgyas ye shes, as saying—"When . . . you are equipoised one-pointedly on that, marvelous!" (GBZL: 4a; trans. Dalai Lama and Berzin: 100; YSGM: 30b). In the period between meditation sessions (rjes thob), one should see all appearances as deceptive (sgyu ma), as existing differently than they appear, but one must at the same time recognize that their ultimate voidness does not preclude their conventional functioning, any more than conventional functioning gives them true existence.

2015:. He argued that the term mahāmudrā does not occur in the sutras, only in the highest class of tantras and that only through tantric initiation does mahāmudrā arise: "Our own Great Seal consists of Gnosis risen from initiation." According to Sakya Pandita, through the four empowerments or initiations given by a qualified guru, most practitioners will experience a likeness of true mahāmudrā, though a few rare individuals experience true mahāmudrā. Through the practice of the creation and completion stages of tantra, the tantrika develops this partial understanding of bliss and emptiness into a completely non-dual gnosis, the real Mahamudra, which corresponds to the attainment of the Path of Seeing, the first Bodhisattva bhumi. 1253: 1831:(ca. 1007– 085) uses the term Mahāmudrā for precisely such an approach, thus employing an originally Tantric term for something that is not a specifically Tantric practice. It is thus legitimate for later Kagyupas to speak of Saraha's mahāmudrā tradition as being originally independent of the Sūtras and the Tantras. For Maitrīpa, the direct realization of emptiness (or the co-emergent) is the bridging link between the Sūtras and the Tantras, and it is thanks to this bridge that mahāmudrā can be linked to the Sūtras and the Tantras. In the Sūtras it takes the form of the practice of non-abiding and becoming mentally disengaged, while in the Tantras it occupies a special position among the four mudrās. 3737: 1115: 8502: 71: 38: 8513: 5911: 5898: 2032: 5888: 1376:) to produce a divine form and "a luminous, blissful, nonconceptual gnosis." In this context, it is seen as the highest practice which transcends and perfects all previous ones and leads to a direct realization of the nature of mind. In the context of sexual yoga, mahāmudrā can also refers to a yogi's female consort. Furthermore, the term mahāmudrā can also refer to the ultimate truth and the ultimate realization ( 2492:: ānāpānasati). Mindfulness of breathing practice is considered to be a profound means of calming the mind to prepare it for the stages that follow. For the Kagyupa, in the context of mahāmudrā, mindfulness of breathing is thought to be the ideal way for the meditator to transition into taking the mind itself as the object of meditation and generating vipaśyanā on that basis. The contemporary Kagyu/Nyingma master 1689: 1424: 2462: 1843:

method of directly guiding the disciple toward the intrinsic reality of the mind if one follows venerable Gampopa’s system in elucidating Mahāmudrā alone, it is not necessary " In addition, he notes certain " followers of this meditative order (who later) adapted Mahāmudrā to the practice of esoteric tantra", which typically relies on empowerments.

1414: 2496:, expressing the Kagyu Mahāmudrā view, wrote, "your breathing is the closest you can come to a picture of your mind. It is the portrait of your mind in some sense... The traditional recommendation in the lineage of meditators that developed in the Kagyu-Nyingma tradition is based on the idea of mixing mind and breath." 2667:

By perfecting this stage the meditator attains naked, unsupported awareness. This nondiscriminatory awareness is the meditation! By transcending the duality of meditation and meditator, external and internal realities, the meditating awareness dissolves itself into its luminous clarity. Transcending

1702:

Sönam Rinchen (1079-1153), a Kadam monk who was a student of the lay tantric yogi Milarepa, is a key figure in the Kagyu tradition. He is responsible for much of the development of Kagyu monastic institutions and for recording the teachings of the lineage in writing. He synthesized the Mahayana Kadam

2647:

By meditating on the one taste of all things, the meditator will cognize the one taste of all these things. The diversity of appearances and nonappearances, mind and emptiness, emptiness and non-emptiness, Are all of one taste, undifferentiable in their intrinsic emptiness. Understanding and lack of

1813:

Gampopa also stated that mahāmudrā was "the highest path that actually transcends both sutra and tantra." Brunnholzl further states that "In practice, most of Gampopa's preserved teachings consist primarily of sutra-based instructions and then conclude with Mahāmudrā, either not teaching the path of

2595:

In an actual meditation session, this involves, first of all, analyzing whether the meditator who has achieved tranquil equipoise actually can be found in an ultimate sense. Seeking the meditator both within and apart from the various elements, one encounters the meditator nowhere; seeking ultimacy

2537:

One looks at the way in which phenomena of the external senses occur in experience. Usually, a visual object is taken as the subject. One repeatedly looks at the object, trying to see just how that appearance arises in the mind, and understand the nature of this process. One possibly asks questions

2476:

Often associated with the yoga of one-pointedness, mahāmudrā śamatha contains instructions on ways to sit with proper posture, called the seven point posture of Vairocana. The mahāmudrā shamatha teachings also include instructions on how to work with a mind that is beset with various impediments to

2093:

and Sabaripa. He names various Mahamudra and Dzogchen lineages in his text, and comes to the conclusion that "their definitive meanings are all seen to come to the same intended point." Chökyi Gyaltsen also sides with the Kagyu school against Sakya, arguing that there is a sutra level of Mahamudra.

1842:

by certain critics. However, Dakpo Tashi Namgyal explicitly reaffirms that a tantric empowerment is not, in and of itself, a requirement for the path of liberation. He writes, "(Gampopa) did not make the esoteric empowerment a prerequisite for receiving the Mahāmudrā teachings. He spoke about the

1821:

Later Bka´ brgyud pas defended their not specifically Tantric or sūtra mahāmudrā tradition by adducing Indian sources such as the Tattvadaśakaṭīkā or the Tattvāvatāra. These belong to a genre of literature which the Seventh Karmapa Chos grags rgya mtsho (1454–1506) called "Indian mahāmudrā-Works"

1803:

Kagyu lineage figures such as Gampopa presented a form of mahāmudrā that was said to transcend the vehicles of sutrayana and vajrayana. According to Karl Brunnholzl, Gampopa saw Mahāmudrā as a third path that was neither sutra nor tantra which he called "the path of prajña" and "the path of

2499:Śamatha without support or objectless meditation refers to resting the mind without the use of a specific focal point or object of concentration. According to Reginald Ray, in this practice "the eyes are open and one gazes straight ahead into space, directing one's mind to nothing at all." 2225:, the "formless" practices, also called "Essence mahamudra," is when "one engages directly in practices of abandoning discursive thinking and resting the mind in the clear, luminous awareness that is mahamudra." The reason that preparatory practices and "form" practices like deity yoga and 2510:

The detailed instructions for the insight practices are what make Mahāmudrā (and Dzogchen) unique in Tibetan Buddhism. In Mahāmudrā vipaśyanā, Wangchuck Dorje gives ten separate contemplations that are used to disclose the essential mind within; five practices of "looking at" and five of

1804:

suchness," and which "relies on blessing and is for those who are intelligent and of sharp faculties." Brunnholzl adds that for Gampopa, the mahāmudrā path of "taking direct perceptions as the path" relies on introduction by a genuine guru to the luminous dharmakaya and thus:

2179:. According to one scholar, most people have difficulty beginning directly with formless practices and lose enthusiasm doing so, so the tantric practices work as a complement to the formless ones. Others develop a sincere and strong interest in the mahāmudrā teachings on the 2480:

Mahāmudrā śamatha with support involves the use of an object of attention to which the meditator continually returns his or her attention. Wangchuk Dorje mentions that one can use a wide variety of supports, visual objects like a candle flame, but also sounds, a smell, etc.

1331:; and the object—emptiness—through realization of which 'all is accomplished,'" and it is also used as a synonym for awakened Mind, which is said to be "primordially unborn, empty, unarisen, nonexistent, devoid of self, naturally luminous, and immaculate like the sky." 1726:(1110-1170) became a very successful teacher who continued to teach this five part system and eight "junior" kagyu lineages are traced to him. This "Five-Part Mahāmudrā" system became one of the main ways that Mahāmudrā was transmitted in Kagyu lineages after Gampopa. 2550:

When the mind is still, one looks at that, and when the mind is in motion, one looks at that. One investigates whether these two stages are the same or different, asking questions such as "if they are the same, what is the commonality? If different, what is the

2112:

Tibetan teacher Thubten Yeshe explains: "Mahāmudrā means absolute seal, totality, unchangeability. Sealing something implies that you cannot destroy it. Mahāmudrā was not created or invented by anybody; therefore it cannot be destroyed. It is absolute reality".

2054:

Kagyu master Chennga Chokyi Gyalpo who transmitted Kagyu Mahamudra teachings (probably the five-fold Mahamudra) to Tsongkhapa. Jagchen Jampa Pal (1310-1391), a holder of the 'jag pa tradition of the Shangpa teachings, was also one of the teachers of Tsongkhapa.

1808:

Through having been taught an unmistaken instruction of definitive meaning like that, one then takes native mind as the path, without separating the triad of view, conduct, and meditation in terms of this connate mind about which one has gained certainty within

2555:

The practices for "pointing out the nature of mind" build on these. One now looks again at each of the five, but this time repeatedly asks oneself "What is it?" In these practices, one attempts to recognize and realize the exact nature of, respectively:

2074:), which is still widely taught and commented upon. Before this work, Gelug writings on Mahamudra tended to follow orthodox Kagyu teachings. This text and its auto commentary have become a central work on Mahamudra in the Gelug school. The current 2183:, but find themselves quite resistant to the path of tantra and its empowerments. Regardless of how one proceeds, it is regarded to be of great benefit to study and practice in reliance upon the lineage’s treasured quintessential instructions. 1487:

1007–1085) became the principal master of mahāmudrā in India during his time and most lineages of mahāmudrā are traced from Maitripa. Maitripa was a very influential figure of the eleventh century, a scholar and tantrika who widely taught the

2648:

understanding are of one taste; Meditation and nonmeditation are nondifferentiable; Meditation and absence of meditation are unified into one taste; Discrimination and lack of discrimination are one taste In the expanse of reality.

1826:

Mathes investigated the practice described in these mahāmudrā works and found that it is not necessarily Tantric. In Saraha's dohās, it is simply the realization of Mind's co-emergent nature with the help of a genuine guru.

2477:

focusing, such as raising the gaze when one feels dull or sleepy, and lowering it again when one feels overly excited. Two types of mahāmudrā śamatha are generally taught: śamatha with support and śamatha without support.

2218:(special insight). The extraordinary practices include "formless" practices like 'one taste yoga' and 'non-meditation'. The tradition also culminates with certain special enlightenment and post-enlightenment practices. 4321:. Tibetan Buddhist Literature and Praxis: Studies in its Formative Period, 900-1400, PIATS 2003: Tibetan Studies: Proceedings of the Tenth seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies. Oxford. 2018:

In Sakya, this insight known as mahāmudrā is described variously as "the unity of lucidity and emptiness, the unity of awareness and emptiness, the unity of bliss and emptiness" and also "the natural reality

2229:

are needed is because formless practices are quite difficult and subtle, and most practitioners are not able to enter into the simple essence of mind successfully without considerable mental preparation.

1387:

The tantric scholar Aryadeva summarises the meaning of mahāmudrā as: "the discussion of how to attain mahāmudrā entails methods for meditating on Mind itself as something having voidness as its nature".

2531:

One tries to closely examine the arising, existence, and ceasing of thoughts, possibly posing oneself questions so as to better understand this process, such as "how does it arise? What is its nature?"

1232:

and doctrinal study in favor of more the direct methods of mahāmudrā 'non-meditation' and 'non-action'. These teachings also became the wellspring for the body of instructions eventually known as the

1529:

is also a central figure of this lineage. Another important figure in the introduction of mahāmudrā to the area is Vajrapani, yet another student of Maitripa. His student, Asu, also was a teacher of

1314:

mudrās—but also involves "mantra recitations and visualizations that symbolize and help to effect one's complete identification with a deity's divine form or awakening Mind (bodhicitta)."

1854:

identified a number of mahāmudrā lineages, according to their main practices for achieving mahāmudrā. In his teachings on the First Panchen Lama's root text and auto-commentary the

2576:

The above practices do not have specific "answers"; they serve to provoke one to scrutinize experience more and more closely over time, seeking to understand what is really there.

1767:

The Kagyu lineage divides the mahāmudrā teachings into three types, "sutra mahāmudrā," "tantra mahāmudrā," and "essence mahāmudrā," in a formulation that appears to originate with

2515:" the nature of mind. They all presume some level of stillness cultivated by mahāmudrā shamatha. In retreat, each contemplation would typically be assigned specific time periods. 2210:

school's sutra mahāmudrā practice is often divided into the ordinary or essential meditation practices and the extraordinary meditation practices. The ordinary practices are

2544:

One investigates questions such as "what is the mind? What is the body? Is the body our sensations? What is the relation of our sensations to our mental image of our body?"

1072:

schools of Tibetan Buddhism, who believe it to be the quintessential message of all of their sacred texts. The practice of Mahāmudrā is also known as the teaching called "

2149:

as well as in learning and practicing mahāmudrā meditation. Most often mahāmudrā (particularly essence mahāmudrā) is preceded by meeting with a teacher and receiving

2186:

Another way to divide the practice of mahāmudrā is between the tantric mahāmudrā practices and the sutra practices. Tantric mahāmudrā practices involves practicing

1834:

The Kagyu teachings of mahāmudrā became a point of controversy. The possibility of sudden liberating realization and the practice of mahāmudrā without the need for

1632: 2934: 1212:(songs or poems in rhyming couplets) are the earliest mahāmudrā literature extant, and promote some of the unique features of mahāmudrā such as the importance of 2313:), the state of not holding to either an object of meditation nor to a meditator. Nothing further needs to be 'meditated upon' or 'cultivated' at this stage. 1771:. Sutra mahāmudrā, as the name suggests, draws its philosophical view and meditation techniques from the sutrayana tradition. Tantric mahāmudrā employs such 1718:

as "the realization of the natural state as awareness-emptiness, absolutely clear and transparent, without root". Gampopa also states that mahāmudrā is "the

6652: 7567: 6042: 973: 4327: 3003:

The Oral transmission of the Six Cycles of Same Taste: Rolled into a ball instructions and "Mind Harvest", An instruction on the Five-Part Mahamudra

1882: 2538:

such as "what is their nature? How do they arise, dwell, and disappear? Is their initial appearance different from how they eventually understood?"

2525:

One repeatedly looks at the mind's still state, possibly posing questions to arouse awareness, such as "what is its nature? It is perfectly still?"

1817:

The Kagyu tradition bases their mahāmudrā teachings on the works of Indian mahasiddhas like Saraha and Maitripa. According to Klaus-Dieter Mathes,

1621: 9007: 7571: 2637:

According to Gampopa, the yoga of one taste is "understanding diverse appearances as being one, from the standpoint of their intrinsic nature."

1703:

teachings with the tantric teachings he received from Milarepa and developed a unique system of mahāmudrā which he often taught without tantric

7795: 1751:

also composed important Mahāmudrā texts. A development of these later mahāmudrā writers is the integration of the common Mahayana teachings on

1106:) Mahāmudrā traditionally refers to the quintessence of mind itself and the practice of meditation in relation to a true understanding of it. 2619:, is "understanding the essential state of that awareness as nonarising , which transcends conceptual modes of reality and unreality." One 1102:) which also stands at the core of all Kagyu paths. He states, "In general, Mahāmudrā and everything below it are the ‘mind path’ " (Wylie: 6012: 9179: 4226:

Jackson, Roger (2001). "The dGe ldan-bKa' brgyud Tradition of Mahamudra How Much dGe ldan? How Much bKa' brgyud?". In Newland, Guy (ed.).

2943: 2580: 2102: 2086: 2059: 2036: 1722:, beyond thought and expression." Gampopa taught mahāmudrā in a five part system to his disciples, one of his most well known disciples, 9174: 9169: 6120: 4319:

Blending the Sūtras with the Tantras: The Influence of Maitrīpa and his Circle on the formation of Sūtra Mahāmudrā in the Kagyu Schools

1506:), which are a key Indian source of mahāmudrā teachings that blend sutra and tantra, and teach an instantaneous approach to awakening. 1502:

views. He composed commentaries on the buddhist dohas, and his works include a collection of 26 texts on "non-conceptual realization" (

5855: 4420: 5877: 5677: 5152: 4834: 4402:

Lamp of Mahamudra: The Immaculate Lamp, that Perfectly and Fully Illuminates, the Meaning of Mahamudra, the Essence of All Phenomena

4382: 9462: 1327:, mahāmudrā "has multiple meanings, including a contemplation-recitation conducive to the adamantine body, speech, and Mind of the 1041:) literally means "great seal" or "great imprint" and refers to the fact that "all phenomena inevitably are stamped by the fact of 2094:

However, in his account, sutra Mahamudra is particularly associated with a gradual path and his presentation of insight practice (

1539:, a key figure of the Kagyu school, refers to three important cycles of Indian texts which discuss Mahāmudrā as his main sources: 8387: 7839: 2925: 1851: 4383:"Root Text for Mahamudra: A Root Text for the Precious Gelug-Kagyu Tradition of Mahamudra: The Main Path of the Triumphant Ones" 4272:

Tibetan yoga and mysticism: a textual study of the yogas of Nāropa and Mahāmudrā meditation in the medieval tradition of Dags po

8042: 6022: 966: 443: 2101:

Yongdzin Yeshe Gyaltsen (also known as Khachen Yeshe Gyaltsen, tutor of the 8th Dalai Lama, 1713–93) composed a commentary on

4779: 4757: 4675: 4492: 1034: 1010: 6205: 6047: 4142: 2706:) and Kumāracandra's commentary. This is the only tantra which is part of the compilation of Mahamudra works. Full title: 2356:

Nonmeditation: the last part of the path of no-more learning (tenth bhūmi) and buddhahood (bhūmis eleven through thirteen)

9467: 8884: 8382: 5561: 5341: 346: 4075:

Szántó, Péter-Dániel. "Minor Vajrayāna Texts VI: A Sanskrit Fragment of the Anāvilatantra", 2022, in Orna Almogi (ed.),

2657:

Gampopa states that nonmeditation is "an unceasing realization of the union of appearance and its intrinsic emptiness."

2161:

before undertaking the "formless" practices described below; the latter are classified as part of "essence mahāmudrā."

1601: 8279: 7829: 5924: 5336: 4738: 4719: 4697: 4647: 4628: 4583: 4564: 4545: 4523: 4457: 4409: 4371: 4352: 4307: 4288: 4235: 4216: 4166: 945: 2437:

As in most Buddhist schools of meditation, the basic meditative practice of mahāmudrā is divided into two approaches:

6125: 4609: 4260: 4197: 959: 8372: 4345:

A Fine Blend of Mahāmudrā and Madhyamaka: Maitrīpa's Collection of Texts on Non-conceptual Realization (Amanasikāra)

2353:

One taste: the last part of the path of meditation, most of the path of no-more-learning (bhūmis seven through nine)

1446: 8057: 7802: 5461: 5396: 2952: 2916: 2446: 1748: 266: 5804: 5416: 8449: 8439: 6268: 4899: 1984: 1653: 1118:

A scroll painting of Saraha, surrounded by other Mahāsiddhas, probably 18th century and now in the British Museum

883: 97: 3773: 8714: 8550: 8394: 8047: 7849: 7740: 7685: 6258: 17: 8364: 8062: 7745: 6037: 5870: 5824: 4827: 2668:

the intellect, it is without the duality of meditation and post-meditation. Such is the quintessence of mind.

1772: 1270: 5441: 8986: 7947: 7819: 7790: 7492: 5809: 4335: 1905: 4796: 1252: 7638: 7547: 7017: 6662: 6175: 6070: 1220:, the non-dual nature of mind, and the negation of conventional means of achieving enlightenment such as 921: 561: 7182: 4945: 4178:

When the Clouds Part: The Uttaratantra and Its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sutra and Tantra

9472: 8487: 7967: 7443: 6929: 6052: 5885: 5183: 2082:

are some of the modern Gelug figures which have written commentaries on this key Gelug Mahamudra text.

2007:), Sakya Pandita criticized the non-tantric "sutra" mahamudra approaches of the Kagyu teachers such as 7377: 5147: 4640:

Manjushri's Innermost Secret: A Profound Commentary of Oral Instructions on the Practice of Lama Chöpa

2105:'s Mahamudra text, entitled "The Lamp of the Clear and Excellent Path of the Oral Tradition Lineage" ( 1521:(1004–63) who decided not to make mahāmudrā a part of the Kadam tradition. Another pupil of Maitripa, 1236:

associated with mahāmudrā of the Kagyu lineages. Later Indian and Tibetan masters such as Padmavajra,

9398: 9266: 8377: 8190: 8180: 8052: 7035: 6615: 6376: 6351: 5456: 2894: 2660: 2640: 1723: 1620:

and texts that teach a non-tantric "instantaneous"approach to the practice by an Indian master named

1287: 1155: 1068:

The name also refers to a body of teachings representing the culmination of all the practices of the

52: 6401: 2908:

The Source of the Jewels of Experience and Realization, The Ocean-Like Instruction on the Five Parts

1098:(THL: ri-mé) scholar, characterizes mahāmudrā as the path to realizing the "mind as it is" (Wylie: 388: 9194: 8993: 8683: 8482: 7834: 7648: 7626: 7619: 7522: 7055: 6675: 6491: 6436: 6057: 5863: 5331: 5326: 5168: 5021: 4874: 4820: 4685: 2512: 2158: 2150: 2011:

who taught mahāmudrā to those who had not received tantric initiations and based themselves on the

1792: 1510: 1229: 1213: 1069: 519: 460: 371: 92: 5576: 5296: 2985: 2623:

all phenomena just as they are, non-conceptually, beyond extremes of existence and non-existence.

2330: 1838:

was seen as contrary to the teachings of the Buddhist tantras and as being just a form of Chinese

1401:

denotes that in an adept's experience of reality, each phenomenon appears vividly, while the term

9056: 8419: 8399: 7730: 7710: 7467: 7197: 6441: 5556: 5526: 5426: 5371: 5316: 2203: 2154: 1996: 1835: 1704: 1441:, and his student Nagarjuna (this tantric figure not to be confused with the earlier philosopher 1437:

of medieval India (c. 8th to 12th centuries). The earliest figure is the tenth century poet yogi

1352: 1233: 279: 248: 1364:

According to Roger Jackson, in these tantras, mahāmudrā has multiple referents. It can refer to

9418: 8810: 8429: 8269: 7937: 7907: 7680: 7631: 7472: 7420: 7415: 7177: 6998: 6895: 6647: 6642: 6391: 5641: 5431: 5381: 5276: 2678: 2398:

One taste: paths of meditation and part of the path no-more-learning (bhūmis two through eight)

2172: 2171:

traditions and include practices such as contemplating the "four thoughts that turn the mind",

2064:

Highway of the Conquerors: Root Verses for the Precious Geden Kagyu Transmission of Mahāmudrā

841: 799: 680: 507: 416: 31: 6759: 1384:, emptiness, the "unchanging bliss beyond object and subject, shape, thought, or expression". 9204: 8820: 8575: 8434: 8404: 7985: 7917: 7750: 7665: 7660: 7584: 7579: 7497: 6027: 5778: 5581: 5551: 5094: 4971: 3783: 2972: 2960: 2259: 2062:(sometimes named the "1st Panchen Lama", 1570–1662), who wrote a root Mahamudra text on the " 1921: 1178: 1026: 1002: 607: 153: 135: 7050: 4247: 4228:

Changing Minds: Contributions to the Study of Buddhism and Tibet in Honor of Jeffrey Hopkins

2681:(editions: D = Derge Kanjur, Q = Qianlong Kanjur, P = Peking Kanjur) include the following: 2042:

The Gelug school's mahamudra tradition is traditionally traced back to the school's founder

1323: 1257: 9403: 9386: 9000: 8457: 8424: 8409: 7927: 7824: 7770: 7655: 7594: 7562: 7557: 7542: 7527: 7517: 7482: 7395: 7087: 7010: 6313: 6253: 6002: 5969: 5919: 5829: 5814: 5799: 5743: 5486: 5471: 5281: 4428: 2453:, in a series of texts he composed; these epitomize teachings given on mahāmudrā practice. 1676:

Nyingma lineage preserves a lineage of the "Union of mahāmudrā and Ati Yoga" originated by

1530: 926: 359: 314: 8297: 6912: 6781: 6707: 6583: 6321: 4801: 2691: 2401:

Nonmeditation: rest of path of no-more-learning, buddhahood (bhūmis nine through thirteen)

2350:

Simplicity: the path of seeing and most of the path of meditation (bhūmis one through six)

2246:, Mahāmudrā is divided into four distinct phases known as the four yogas of mahāmudrā (S. 2012: 1490: 1298:

In these sources, "mahāmudrā" also denotes a hand gesture, now linked to three other hand

8: 9477: 9021: 8264: 8143: 7977: 7952: 7942: 7902: 7879: 7762: 7735: 7695: 7614: 7604: 7532: 7459: 6890: 6747: 6528: 6506: 6458: 6278: 6078: 5934: 5914: 5016: 3193: 3007: 2994: 2612: 2360: 2243: 2199: 1940: 1925: 1871: 1788: 1734: 1499: 1335: 938: 933: 502: 80: 42: 6238: 6165: 5571: 5531: 2502:

In Gelug sutra mahāmudrā, the śamatha techniques are similar to the Kagyu presentation.

2322: 9093: 8965: 8862: 8756: 8543: 8327: 8232: 8074: 8037: 8032: 7962: 7912: 7859: 7854: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7705: 7690: 7675: 7670: 7609: 7589: 7552: 7477: 7282: 6983: 6907: 6785: 6727: 6568: 6468: 6396: 6371: 6017: 5947: 5794: 5723: 5718: 5266: 4300:

The Crystal Mirror of Philosophical Systems: A Tibetan Study of Asian Religious Thought

4209:

Gampopa's Mahamudra: The Five-part Mahamudra Practice Taught to Phagmo Drupa by Gampopa

3205: 1591: 1292: 1278: 893: 619: 578: 433: 399: 383: 8126: 5291: 2089:, himself was influenced by Kagyu teachings, and wished to imitate great siddhas like 1380:) in Buddhist tantra. As such, it is the "great seal" which marks all phenomena, i.e. 9408: 9314: 9042: 8847: 8667: 8505: 8467: 8163: 8148: 8111: 8096: 7869: 7785: 7700: 7537: 7502: 7487: 7214: 7204: 6885: 6732: 6717: 6588: 6511: 6431: 6366: 6298: 6185: 5942: 5773: 5713: 5566: 5466: 5386: 5286: 5261: 5209: 5026: 4986: 4775: 4753: 4734: 4715: 4693: 4671: 4643: 4624: 4605: 4598: 4579: 4560: 4541: 4519: 4488: 4453: 4405: 4367: 4348: 4303: 4284: 4256: 4231: 4212: 4193: 4162: 2737: 2432: 2146: 2142: 1958:

which make up the Sanskrit word meaning 'not to take to mind' and passed through the

1791:. Essence mahāmudrā is based on the direct instruction of a qualified lama, known as 1609: 1547: 1405:("great") refers to the fact that it is beyond concept, imagination, and projection. 1244:

incorporated mahāmudrā into tantric, monastic and traditional meditative frameworks.

1221: 767: 685: 629: 612: 602: 573: 438: 421: 409: 7449: 6243: 6143: 5011: 4668:

A Spacious Path to Freedom: Practical Instructions on Union of Mahamudra and Atiyoga

3071:, his successor, a teaching on mahāmudrā meditation called the Six Words of Advice. 1995:

realization, which means that mahāmudrā practice is only taken on after having been

1472:

song is a widely taught short mahāmudrā text. Niguma is an important source for the

495: 9363: 9301: 9049: 9014: 8927: 8788: 8751: 8697: 8153: 8106: 8101: 7957: 7922: 7897: 7892: 7643: 7599: 7512: 7187: 6843: 6836: 6620: 6610: 6496: 6160: 6032: 5738: 5728: 5636: 5541: 5401: 5391: 5306: 4843: 4707: 4502: 3074:

In the following chart a translation is given of the Tilopa's Six Words of Advice.

3055: 2371:

Outer and inner preliminary practices and one-pointedness: the path of accumulation

2180: 1866:"Simultaneously Arising as Merged" tradition - This is the tradition introduced by 1450: 1054: 809: 804: 641: 636: 595: 585: 70: 60: 8600: 7232: 4894: 2708:Śrī-anāvila-tantra-rāja-nāma (The Splendid King of Tantras called "The Stainless") 2058:

However, a specifically "Gelug" Mahamudra system was only recorded at the time of

1897: 1095: 148: 122: 9353: 9319: 8815: 8605: 8517: 8462: 8414: 8342: 8212: 8010: 7990: 7932: 7844: 7507: 7405: 7252: 6988: 6971: 6956: 6934: 6486: 6356: 6190: 6170: 5763: 5758: 5496: 5476: 5366: 5361: 5137: 4533: 4480: 4185: 3035: 2493: 2318: 2075: 1855: 1768: 1449:

language are the earliest Indian sources for mahāmudrā teachings, aside from the

1174: 1166: 1091: 1081: 1050: 848: 673: 663: 658: 341: 336: 238: 158: 7262: 6416: 6406: 2157:

and "reading transmissions." A mahāmudrā student typically goes through various

2126: 1672:. Nyingma students may also receive supplemental training in mahāmudrā, and the 1669: 1268:

It has been speculated that the first use of the term was in the c. 7th century

1046: 9358: 9346: 9336: 9331: 9324: 9035: 8827: 8734: 8472: 8175: 8025: 7807: 7387: 7367: 7287: 6976: 6966: 6900: 6737: 6223: 6086: 5768: 5753: 5621: 5516: 5511: 5451: 5436: 5311: 5256: 5251: 4767: 4159:

Pointing Out the Great Way: The Stages of Meditation in the Mahamudra Tradition

2620: 2584: 2465: 2251: 1756: 1719: 1189:. The actual practice and lineage of mahāmudrā can be traced back to wandering 1131: 1042: 1018: 994: 853: 822: 784: 774: 668: 646: 568: 331: 168: 163: 8877: 1784: 9456: 9427: 9369: 9214: 9109: 9028: 8979: 8805: 8690: 8676: 8595: 8536: 8242: 8091: 7400: 7302: 7160: 6961: 6939: 6875: 6546: 6341: 6336: 6228: 5897: 5601: 5596: 5546: 5536: 5481: 5421: 5411: 5406: 5376: 5321: 5225: 5178: 5142: 5122: 5117: 5082: 4593: 3187: 2903: 2717: 2677:

The major source texts for the Indo-Tibetan Mahamudra tradition found in the

2445:("special insight"). This division is contained in the instructions given by 2122: 2079: 2043: 1988: 1971: 1939:

founded this tradition which encompasses a range of practices, including the

1936: 1900:

founded the school and mahāmudrā lineage whose main practice is known as the

1893: 1878: 1522: 1473: 1208: 752: 651: 483: 326: 297: 261: 243: 223: 6700: 6690: 6062: 2419:

One taste: paths of meditation and no-more-learning (bhūmis two through ten)

1640:(1052-1135), Late 19th-early 20th Century, Dhodeydrag Gonpa, Thimphu, Bhutan 1080:

school, Sahaja Mahāmudrā is sometimes seen as a different Buddhist vehicle (

9434: 9391: 8972: 8889: 8778: 8332: 8317: 8287: 8237: 8227: 8069: 7864: 7357: 7192: 7070: 6858: 6853: 6680: 6551: 6426: 5887: 5521: 5351: 5301: 5235: 5173: 5132: 4981: 4436: 3029: 3020: 2518:

The five practices for "looking at" the nature of the mind are as follows:

2222: 1932: 1677: 1668:, a cognate but distinct method of direct introduction to the principle of 1392: 1381: 1194: 1184: 1049:

inseparable". Mahāmudrā is a multivalent term of great importance in later

888: 873: 713: 233: 9098: 8783: 8657: 7115: 7100: 7060: 6757: 6421: 5997: 2226: 2068:

dGe-ldan bka'-brgyud rin-po-che'i phyag-chen rtsa-ba rgyal-ba'i gzhung-lam

1328: 389: 9292: 9103: 8946: 8867: 8837: 8644: 8631: 8590: 8567: 8302: 8131: 7272: 7257: 7040: 6848: 6776: 6556: 6386: 6288: 6135: 6007: 5591: 5446: 5089: 5006: 2485: 2484:

One of the main techniques involved in Mahāmudrā śamatha with support is

2239: 2195: 2109:). He also comments on Mahamudra in the context of Lama Chopa Guru Yoga. 1959: 1947: 1863: 1741: 1730: 1616:). This compilation includes the above three collections, along with the 1369: 1225: 1190: 1114: 866: 404: 206: 8292: 6752: 4281:

The Easy Path: Illuminating the First Panchen Lama's Secret Instructions

9413: 9224: 9219: 9184: 8956: 8922: 8793: 8746: 8649: 8639: 8247: 8205: 8081: 7887: 7812: 7426: 7410: 7372: 7352: 7247: 7222: 7130: 7065: 7045: 6791: 6722: 6593: 6476: 6446: 6381: 6331: 5989: 5979: 5952: 5586: 5501: 5230: 5127: 4966: 4925: 4450:

Mahamudra and Related Instructions: Core Teachings of the Kagyu Schools

3064: 2855: 2632: 2588: 2187: 2130: 2000: 1951: 1913: 1909: 1828: 1780: 1559: 1480: 1434: 1365: 1358: 1282: 1159: 1147: 903: 708: 548: 536: 526: 490: 228: 9341: 7267: 6263: 5001: 4991: 4774:. Translated by Henrik Havlat. Verlag-Haus Monsenstein und Vannerdat. 2341: 2050:, and it is also traced to the Indian masters like Saraha through the 1518: 9199: 9158: 9131: 9080: 8939: 8934: 8872: 8842: 8741: 8222: 8195: 7362: 7237: 6949: 6865: 6742: 6632: 6605: 6598: 6561: 6518: 6481: 6248: 6213: 6180: 6155: 6110: 5834: 5506: 4976: 4950: 4557:

Balancing the Mind: A Tibetan Buddhist Approach to Refining Attention

2442: 2321:. The four yogas of mahāmudrā have been correlated with the Mahāyāna 2215: 2176: 2047: 1950:"Four Syllables" tradition - This is the tradition that derives from 1917: 1708: 1442: 1334:

The idea of "mahāmudrā" emerges as a central Buddhist concept in the

898: 531: 514: 284: 37: 7995: 6831: 6685: 6451: 6233: 6102: 6094: 5844: 5072: 4362:

Namgyal, Dakpo Tashi; Lhalungpa, Lobsang P. (ed. & tr.) (2006).

2804:"The Cycle of Six Heart Texts" or "Six works on essential meaning" ( 1567:"The Cycle of Six Heart Texts" or "Six works on essential meaning" ( 742: 9241: 9120: 9071: 8832: 8622: 8512: 8352: 8307: 8252: 8217: 8121: 7780: 7347: 7342: 7292: 7227: 7145: 7110: 7105: 6766: 6637: 6625: 6536: 6195: 5892: 5491: 5199: 5067: 4920: 4859: 4812: 4807: 4600:

Becoming the Compassion Buddha: Tantric Mahamudra for Everyday Life

3637: 3625: 3040:

A Treasury of Instructions and Techniques for Spiritual Realization

2871: 2615:

eventually leads one to the yoga of simplicity, which according to

2606: 2271: 2168: 2090: 2046:(1357- 1419), who was said to have received oral transmission from 2031: 1688: 1665: 1637: 1526: 1495: 1445:). Saraha's collections of poems and songs, mostly composed in the 1427: 1318: 1170: 1143: 1058: 990: 794: 730: 455: 211: 173: 102: 8800: 8768: 7337: 7327: 7312: 7135: 7005: 6273: 5657: 5271: 4404:. Translated by Erik Pema Kunsang. Hong Kong: Rangjung Yeshe Pub. 3701: 1991:(1182-1251), mahāmudrā in the Sakya school is seen as the highest 1514: 1433:

All of the various Tibetan mahāmudrā lineages originated with the

186: 9276: 9251: 9246: 9088: 8761: 8257: 8200: 8185: 7332: 7322: 7297: 7172: 7167: 7125: 7095: 7027: 6993: 6880: 6821: 6816: 6670: 6573: 6411: 6361: 6148: 5974: 5733: 5687: 5631: 5626: 5356: 5346: 5204: 5062: 4889: 3067:

who developed the mahāmudrā method around 1,000 C.E. Tilopa gave

2880: 2616: 2469: 2450: 2438: 2211: 2164: 2051: 2008: 1867: 1752: 1744: 1715: 1699: 1692: 1657: 1598: 1536: 1346: 1260:

deity in union with consort (his "mahāmudrā") performing various

1241: 878: 834: 829: 725: 624: 590: 378: 302: 87: 6944: 6712: 4915: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3199: 3032:(1700–1774) – Commentary on the Third Karmapa's Mahamudra Prayer 2023:) which is emptiness possessing the excellence of all aspects." 1169:, the Indian theoretical sources of the mahāmudrā tradition are 1076:" or "Co-emergence Yoga". In Tibetan Buddhism, particularly the 41:

Seal design with the word Mahāmudrā ("great seal") in Mongolian

9141: 8917: 8912: 8899: 8852: 8773: 8724: 8585: 8337: 8322: 8158: 8020: 8000: 7775: 7437: 7317: 7307: 7242: 6870: 6826: 6811: 6801: 6771: 6695: 6578: 6346: 6218: 5962: 5957: 5819: 5748: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5057: 5052: 5031: 4935: 4930: 4879: 4576:

Enlightened Beings: Life Stories from the Ganden Oral Tradition

4516:

Tilopa's Wisdom: His Life and Teachings on the Ganges Mahamudra

3864: 3613: 3288: 3068: 3060: 2930:

A Root Text for the Precious Gelug/Kagyü Tradition of Mahamudra

2724: 2712: 2405:

According to Drelpa Dönsal as reported by Dakpo Tashi Namgyal (

2153:. Some parts of the transmission are done verbally and through 1992: 1967: 1963: 1886: 1673: 1597:

Indian sources of mahāmudrā were later compiled by the seventh

1465: 1461: 1457: 1438: 1417: 1237: 1204: 1198: 1151: 1139: 1073: 1062: 779: 543: 478: 201: 196: 191: 112: 4364:

Mahamudra - The Moonlight: Quintessence of Mind and Meditation

4077:

Evolution of Scriptures, Formation of Canons The Buddhist Case

3336: 9309: 9234: 9229: 9209: 9146: 8857: 8729: 8719: 8612: 8580: 8477: 8312: 8170: 8136: 8116: 8086: 8015: 7432: 7277: 7155: 7150: 7120: 7075: 6922: 6917: 6796: 6501: 6326: 6293: 6283: 5839: 5697: 5692: 5682: 5077: 4996: 4884: 4869: 3581: 3276: 2380:

Nonmeditation: the path of no more learning & buddhahood.

2207: 2191: 1776: 1649: 1645: 1397: 1299: 1261: 1150:

procedure focusing on the nature of Mind, an innate blissful

1135: 1127: 1077: 789: 747: 737: 690: 117: 107: 4082: 2121:

A common schema used in the Kagyu school is that of Ground (

8907: 8559: 8347: 7140: 6806: 6303: 5047: 4347:. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 4279:

Lobsang Jampa, Gyumed Khensur (2013). Ladner, Lorne (ed.).

3691: 3689: 2999:

Practice Guidelines of the Simultaneous School of Mahamudra

2489: 2461: 2167:

are the preliminary practices common to both Mahāmudrā and

2138: 2134: 1423: 1277:

The term is mentioned with increasing frequency as various

1217: 1134:

history, and as a result, the term may refer variously to "

720: 4485:

Mind at Ease: Self-Liberation through Mahamudra Meditation

4094: 3761: 2422:

Nonmeditation: buddhahood (bhūmis eleven through thirteen)

2384:

According to Je Gyare as reported by Dakpo Tashi Namgyal (

8005: 6541: 4864: 4670:. Translated by A. Wallace. Ithaca, New York: Snow Lion. 4467:

Stenzel, Julia (2014). "The Mahåmudrå of Sakya Pandita".

3920: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3664: 2939:

Clarifying the Jewel Rosary of the Fivefold Profound Path

2377:

One taste: the paths of meditation & no-more-learning

1839: 1661: 1413: 3686: 3520: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3404: 3402: 3400: 8528: 3908: 3385: 2003:. In his "A Clear Differentiation of the Three Codes" ( 4714:. Translated by Khenpo Könchog Gyaltsen. Beach Books. 4033: 4021: 3997: 3968: 3944: 3891: 3837: 3825: 3813: 3801: 3749: 3661: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3462: 3438: 3348: 3223: 2413:

One-pointedness: paths of accumulation and application

2392:

One-pointedness: paths of accumulation and application

1962:

branches, i.e. any that descend from the teachings of

1644:

Mahāmudrā is most well known as a teaching within the

1604:(1454- 1506) into a three-volume compilation entitled 1525:, also introduced mahāmudrā to Tibet and his disciple 4642:. Translated by David Gonsalez. Wisdom Publications. 4328:"Indian Mahāmudrā-Works" in the Early Bka' brgyud pa" 3987: 3985: 3983: 3881: 3879: 3854: 3852: 3603: 3601: 3569: 3503: 3450: 3397: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3238: 2600: 1999:

and practicing the creation and completion stages of

1494:, a text which is widely seen as bridging the sutric 4302:. Translated by Roger Jackson. Wisdom Publications. 4106: 3725: 3557: 2072:

Yang gsal sgron me, "Lamp re-illuminating Mahamudra"

1798: 4690:

Wild Awakening: The Heart of Mahamudra and Dzogchen

4452:. Library of Tibetan Classics. Wisdom Publication. 4297: 4118: 4057: 4045: 3707: 3532: 3491: 3474: 3426: 3414: 2133:). The advice and guidance of a qualified teacher ( 1858:delineated the Kagyu practice lineages as follows: 4728: 4597: 4246: 4009: 3980: 3956: 3932: 3876: 3849: 3789: 3649: 3598: 3373: 3324: 3312: 3235: 2472:, composed various influential texts on Mahamudra. 1881:"Amulet Box" tradition - This tradition came from 1582:Maitripa's "Cycle of Teachings on Non-Cognition" ( 1197:(760-1142), beginning with the 8th century siddha 4507:A Song for a King: Saraha on Mahamudra Meditation 3713: 3300: 2548:Looking at the settled and moving minds together. 2141:is considered to be very important in developing 1814:mantra at all or mentioning it only in passing." 1088:), also known as the vehicle of self-liberation. 9454: 4513: 4501: 4469:Indian International Journal of Buddhist Studies 4361: 4184: 4088: 3870: 3643: 3631: 3619: 3367: 3342: 3294: 3264: 2426: 1126:evolved over the course of hundreds of years of 9008:Hatha Yoga: The Report of a Personal Experience 3208: – Training of the mind through meditation 2858:cycle of texts on non-conceptual realization ( 1759:as preliminaries to the practice of mahāmudrā. 4637: 4479: 4418: 4100: 3767: 3282: 1733:. A key Mahāmudrā author of this tradition is 1729:The tradition which follows Gampopa is called 1590:This classification existed since the time of 8544: 5871: 4828: 4729:Gyaltshen Rinpoche, Khenchen Konchog (2002). 4278: 3743: 2291:), "free from complexity" or "not elaborate;" 1456:Other influential Indian mahasiddhas include 967: 30:For the practice in medieval hatha yoga, see 6653:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna 4380: 3695: 2912:Song of the Five Profound Paths of Mahamudra 2542:Looking at the mind in relation to the body. 2233: 2535:Looking at the mind reflecting appearances. 2129:), Path (practice) and Fruition mahāmudrā ( 8551: 8537: 5878: 5864: 4835: 4821: 4621:Mahamudra: How to Discover Our True Nature 4427:. Translated by Ken McLeod. Archived from 4175: 3592: 3196: – Practice of meditation in Buddhism 2583:, practices a unique Gelug style of doing 1885:and its main practice is the Six yogas of 1762: 974: 960: 2944:Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen, 4th Panchen Lama 2060:Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen, 4th Panchen Lama 1935:"Six Spheres of Equal Taste" tradition - 1162:at the culmination of the Tantric path." 4399: 4112: 2721:and other poetry (circa 8th century CE). 2460: 2416:Simplicity: path of seeing (first bhūmi) 2395:Simplicity: path of seeing (first bhūmi) 2347:One-pointedness: the path of application 2116: 2030: 1687: 1648:school of Tibetan Buddhism. However the 1631: 1422: 1412: 1368:practices which work with forces in the 1274:, in which it refers to a hand gesture. 1251: 1113: 36: 7840:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal 4554: 4532: 4466: 4447: 4244: 4225: 4124: 3974: 3926: 3755: 3680: 3551: 3456: 3408: 3391: 3258: 2926:Khedrup Gelek Pelzang, 1st Panchen Lama 2579:Gelug sutra Mahāmudrā, as presented by 2572:The settled and thinking mind together. 2529:Looking at the moving or thinking mind. 2206:. After the preliminary practices, the 1852:Khedrup Gelek Pelzang, 1st Panchen Lama 1533:(1084-1161), one of Milarepa's pupils. 1281:developed further, particularly in the 14: 9455: 8043:List of Buddhist architecture in China 4573: 4538:The Collected Works of Chögyam Trungpa 4342: 4325: 4316: 4190:The Gelug/Kagyu Tradition of Mahamudra 4140: 4063: 3731: 3655: 3607: 3575: 3485: 3432: 3049: 1970:, which in practice means all but the 1288:Tattvasaṁgraha (Compendium of Reality) 8532: 5859: 4816: 4808:Luminous Emptiness - a Mahamudra blog 4618: 4592: 4269: 4211:. Padma Karpo Translation Committee. 4156: 4051: 4039: 3914: 3843: 3779: 3719: 3563: 3526: 3497: 3468: 3444: 3420: 3354: 3330: 3318: 3306: 2981:Eliminating the Darkness of Ignorance 2342:Outer and inner preliminary practices 1656:schools also practice mahāmudrā. The 1627: 4842: 4772:Mahamudra: The Ocean of True Meaning 4298:Losang Chokyi Nyima, Thuken (2009). 4206: 4192:. New York: Snow Lion Publications. 3514: 3270: 3229: 2883:(1079–1153) – Numerous texts of the 2672: 2264:phyag rgya chen po'i rnal 'byor bzhi 1517:, who taught mahāmudrā to his pupil 4435: 4027: 4015: 4003: 3991: 3962: 3950: 3938: 3902: 3885: 3858: 3831: 3819: 3807: 3795: 3379: 3202: – Buddhist religious practice 3088:Later long, explanatory translation 2441:("tranquility","calm abiding") and 2374:Simplicity: the path of application 1509:One of Maitripa's students was the 1142:practice, the nature of reality as 1057:which "also occurs occasionally in 24: 7830:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 5337:Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche 4658: 4448:Roberts, Peter Alan (tr.) (2011). 2601:Extraordinary meditation practices 2026: 1978: 1683: 1177:(buddha-nature) texts such as the 1138:, one of a sequence of 'seals' in 1122:The usage and meaning of the term 444:Svatantrika-Prasaṅgika distinction 25: 9489: 4790: 3158:Don't try to make anything happen 3056:Tilopa § Six_Words_of_Advice 1846: 1799:As a path beyond sutra and tantra 1614:Phyag rgya chen po 'i rgya gzhung 1408: 1193:(great adepts) during the Indian 8511: 8501: 8500: 8058:Thai temple art and architecture 7803:Huichang persecution of Buddhism 6043:Iconography in Laos and Thailand 5909: 5896: 5886: 5462:Rangjung Dorje, 3rd Karmapa Lama 5397:Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche 4536:(2003). "The Path Is the Goal". 4421:"Aspiration Prayer of Mahāmudrā" 4141:Berzin, Alexander (July 2006) . 3144:Don't try to figure anything out 3091:Tibetan (Wylie transliteration) 3085:First short, literal translation 2969:An Ocean of the Definite Meaning 2953:Wangchuk Dorje, 9th Karmapa Lama 2917:Rangjung Dorje, 3rd Karmapa Lama 2865: 2652: 2566:The mind reflecting appearances, 2107:Yongs-'dzin ye shes rgyal mtshan 69: 9463:Buddhist philosophical concepts 5910: 4638:Yeshe Gyaltsen, Kachen (2019). 4400:Rangdröl, Tsele Natsok (2004). 4366:. Boston: Wisdom Publications. 4069: 3360: 3130:Let go of what is happening now 2684: 2256:ཕྱག་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོའི་རྣལ་འབྱོར་བཞི། 2070:) and its auto commentary (the 1997:initiated into tantric practice 1158:, or the supreme attainment of 1063:East Asian Buddhist esotericism 8048:Japanese Buddhist architecture 7850:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism 6930:Seven Factors of Enlightenment 6121:Places where the Buddha stayed 5342:Dzongsar Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö 4731:Garland of Mahamudra Practices 4509:. Boston: Wisdom Publications. 4133: 3871:Namgyal & Lhalungpa (2006) 3644:Dalai Lama & Berzin (1997) 3632:Namgyal & Lhalungpa (2006) 3620:Namgyal & Lhalungpa (2006) 3368:Dalai Lama & Berzin (1997) 3295:Namgyal & Lhalungpa (2006) 3190: – Hermetic starfire body 2921:Aspiration Prayer of Mahāmudrā 2591:. According to Roger Jackson: 2569:The relation of mind and body, 1896:"Possessing Five" tradition - 1606:The Indian Mahāmudrā Treatises 1584:Yid la mi byed pa 'i chos skor 1084:), the "Sahajayana" (Tibetan: 13: 1: 8063:Tibetan Buddhist architecture 5417:Mikyö Dorje, 8th Karmapa Lama 4748:Namgyal, Dakpo Tashi (2004). 4381:Panchen Lama, Fourth (n.d.). 4343:Mathes, Klaus-Dieter (2015). 4326:Mathes, Klaus-Dieter (2008). 4317:Mathes, Klaus-Dieter (2003). 3212: 2790:Vyaktabhavanugatatattvasiddhi 2427:Ordinary meditation practices 27:Union of wisdom and emptiness 7820:Buddhism and the Roman world 7796:Decline of Buddhism in India 7791:History of Buddhism in India 5891: Topics in 4750:Clarifying the Natural State 4270:Kragh, Ulrich Timme (2015). 4255:(2 ed.). p. 5596. 4188:; Berzin, Alexander (1997). 3217: 3012:Clarifying the Natural State 2626: 2563:The moving or thinking mind, 2523:Looking at the settled mind. 2505: 2367:correlates them as follows: 2319:four yogas of Dzogchen semde 1870:with a main practice of the 1247: 7: 7018:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar 6758: 4797:Mahamudra Meditation Manual 3181: 2957:Pointing Out the Dharmakaya 2899:Verses on the Fivefold Path 2733:"The Seven Siddhiḥ Texts" 2696:and associated commentaries 2587:, based primarily on Gelug 2202:and can only be done after 1554:which include Padmavajra's 1543:"The Seven Siddhiḥ Texts" 390: 10: 9494: 9468:Tibetan Buddhist practices 7968:The unanswerable questions 4540:. Vol. 2. Shambhala. 4332:Centre for Tantric Studies 4245:Jackson, Roger R. (2005). 4230:. Snow Lion Publications. 3708:Losang Chokyi Nyima (2009) 3172:Relax, right now, and rest 3053: 2876:The Hundred Thousand Songs 2630: 2604: 2456: 2430: 2344:: the path of accumulation 2317:These stages parallel the 2242:tradition as presented by 1822:(phyag chen rgya gzhung). 1695:(1079–1153), Kagyu founder 1109: 29: 9399:International Day of Yoga 9379: 9300: 9291: 9157: 9119: 9079: 9070: 8955: 8898: 8707: 8666: 8630: 8621: 8566: 8496: 8448: 8363: 8278: 8053:Buddhist temples in Korea 7976: 7878: 7761: 7458: 7386: 7213: 7086: 7026: 6661: 6616:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 6527: 6519:Three planes of existence 6467: 6312: 6204: 6134: 6126:Buddha in world religions 5988: 5933: 5905: 5787: 5706: 5650: 5614: 5457:Phagmo Drupa Dorje Gyalpo 5244: 5218: 5192: 5161: 5110: 5103: 5040: 4959: 4908: 4852: 4555:Wallace, B. Alan (2005). 4514:Thrangu Rinpoche (2019). 4441:Secret of the Vajra World 4180:. Shambhala Publications. 4176:Brunnholzl, Karl (2015). 4157:Brown, Daniel P. (2006). 3102:Let go of what has passed 2948:Highway of the Conquerors 2889:Manifold Sayings of Dagpo 2755:Prajñopayaviniscayasiddhi 2488:(Sanskrit: ānāpānasmṛti; 2255: 2234:Four yogas and five paths 1954:. The four syllables are 1739:Mahāmudrā: The Moonlight. 1294:Vajraśekhara (Vajra-peak) 1186:Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra 1022: 998: 9419:Yoga scholars (template) 8684:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 8558: 7835:Persecution of Buddhists 7056:Four stages of awakening 6437:Three marks of existence 6023:Physical characteristics 5332:Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche 5327:Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche 5022:Tibetan tantric practice 4752:. North Atlantic Books. 4686:Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche 4253:Encyclopedia of Religion 4207:Duff, Tony, ed. (2008). 2486:mindfulness of breathing 2266:). They are as follows: 2151:pointing-out instruction 1987:exegete and philosopher 1793:pointing-out instruction 1714:Mahāmudrā is defined by 1214:pointing-out instruction 473:Practices and attainment 461:Pointing-out instruction 372:Three marks of existence 9057:Yogasopana Purvacatuska 7198:Ten principal disciples 6081:(aunt, adoptive mother) 5557:Traleg Kyabgon Rinpoche 5527:Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche 5427:Nyoshul Khenpo Rinpoche 5372:Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo 5317:Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen 4623:. Wisdom Publications. 4619:Yeshe, Thubten (2018). 4604:. Wisdom Publications. 4578:. Wisdom Publications. 4419:Rangjung Dorje (n.d.). 4283:. Wisdom Publications. 4161:. Wisdom Publications. 4089:Thrangu Rinpoche (2019) 3343:Thrangu Rinpoche (2006) 3116:Let go of what may come 2037:Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen 1763:Three types of teaching 1747:like the ninth Karmapa 1264:(ritual hand gestures). 1234:mind teachings of Tibet 7908:Buddhism and democracy 7421:Tibetan Buddhist canon 7416:Chinese Buddhist canon 6648:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 6643:Early Buddhist schools 5432:Orgyen Chokgyur Lingpa 5382:Karma Thinley Rinpoche 5277:Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche 4666:Chagmé, Karma (2009). 3016:Moonlight of Mahāmudrā 2935:Gyalwang Kunga Rinchen 2679:Tibetan Buddhist canon 2670: 2650: 2598: 2473: 2407:Moonlight of Mahāmudrā 2386:Moonlight of Mahāmudrā 2365:Moonlight of Mahāmudrā 2248:catvāri mahāmudrā yoga 2039: 2035:The 4th Panchen Lama, 1824: 1811: 1696: 1641: 1575:and Nagarjunagarbha's 1571:), including Saraha's 1430: 1420: 1285:, where it appears in 1265: 1119: 842:Tibetan Buddhist canon 45: 32:Mahamudra (Hatha Yoga) 7918:Eight Consciousnesses 6028:Life of Buddha in art 5779:Tashilhunpo Monastery 5582:Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche 5577:Tsele Natsok Rangdröl 5552:Thubten Zopa Rinpoche 5297:Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche 5184:Drogön Chögyal Phagpa 5002:Preparatory practices 4101:Rangjung Dorje (n.d.) 3768:Yeshe Gyaltsen (2019) 2986:Tsele Natsok Rangdröl 2965:chos sku mdzub tshugs 2885:Dags po 'i bka ' 'bum 2788:Sahajayogini Cinta's 2783:Mahaguhyatattvopadesa 2665: 2645: 2593: 2464: 2331:Tsele Natsok Rangdrol 2117:Practices and methods 2098:) is uniquely Gelug. 2034: 1966:rather than those of 1819: 1806: 1737:, well known for his 1707:, relying instead on 1691: 1635: 1464:and Naropa's consort 1426: 1416: 1255: 1180:Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra 1136:a ritual hand-gesture 1117: 417:Dependent origination 40: 9404:List of yoga schools 9170:Kriyayoga (Buddhist) 9001:Hatha Yoga Pradipika 8395:East Asian religions 7825:Buddhism in the West 7396:Early Buddhist texts 7011:Four Right Exertions 6477:Ten spiritual realms 5970:Noble Eightfold Path 5744:Namdroling Monastery 5487:Second Beru Khyentse 5472:Rechung Dorje Drakpa 5357:Gorampa Sonam Sengye 4960:Individual practices 4574:Willis, Jan (1995). 3744:Lobsang Jampa (2013) 3078:Six Words of Advice 3025:Meaningful to Behold 2827:Cittavaranavisodhana 2704:The Stainless Tantra 2270:one-pointedness (S. 2145:and interest in the 1983:Following the great 1922:mahamudra meditation 1337:Anuttarayoga Tantras 1321:tantras such as the 1154:cognizing emptiness 916:History and overview 315:Samding Dorje Phagmo 180:Second dissemination 9205:Six Yogas of Naropa 8987:Hathabhyasapaddhati 8518:Religion portal 8265:Temple of the Tooth 8144:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 7183:Upāsaka and Upāsikā 6676:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā 6459:Two truths doctrine 6279:Mahapajapati Gotamī 6079:Mahapajapati Gotamī 5169:Khön Könchok Gyalpo 5041:Institutional roles 4712:Mahamudra Teachings 4143:"What Is Dzogchen?" 4030:, pp. 282–283. 4006:, pp. 280–281. 3953:, pp. 276–277. 3905:, pp. 274–275. 3834:, pp. 271–272. 3822:, pp. 272–274. 3810:, pp. 273–274. 3696:Panchen Lama (n.d.) 3646:, pp. 262–271. 3634:, pp. 123–124. 3595:, pp. 192–193. 3529:, pp. 163–164. 3283:Traleg Kyabgon 2003 3232:, pp. vii, ix. 3194:Buddhist meditation 3079: 3050:Six Words of Advice 3008:Dagpo Tashi Namgyal 2995:Kunkhyen Pema Karpo 2977:nges don rgya mtsho 2806:Snying po skor drug 2613:ordinary meditation 2361:Dakpo Tashi Namgyal 2305:non-meditation (S. 2244:Dagpo Tashi Namgyal 2200:six yogas of Naropa 2198:practices like the 1941:Six Yogas of Naropa 1926:dedication of merit 1872:Six Yogas of Naropa 1789:Six Yogas of Naropa 1735:Dakpo Tashi Namgyal 1569:Snying po skor drug 703:Institutional roles 142:First dissemination 9094:Samadhi (Buddhism) 8966:Amaraugha Prabodha 8440:Western philosophy 8038:Dzong architecture 7860:Vipassana movement 7855:Buddhist modernism 7283:Emperor Wen of Sui 7051:Pratyekabuddhayāna 6984:Threefold Training 6786:Vipassana movement 6502:Hungry Ghost realm 6322:Avidyā (Ignorance) 6269:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta 6018:Great Renunciation 6013:Eight Great Events 5895: 5724:Dzongsar Monastery 5719:Dzogchen Monastery 4425:unfetteredmind.com 3929:, pp. 49, 51. 3917:, pp. 221–34. 3206:Dhyāna in Buddhism 3077: 3044:Torch of certainty 2928:(1385–1438 CE) – 2848:Acintyakramopadesa 2834:Prajñajñanaprakasa 2742:Grub pa sde bdun): 2474: 2040: 2021:chos nyid gnyug ma 2013:Uttaratantrasastra 2005:Sdom gsum rab dbye 1902:fivefold mahāmudrā 1836:tantric initiation 1773:tantric techniques 1720:paramita of wisdom 1697: 1642: 1636:Painted thanka of 1628:Tibetan traditions 1592:Butön Rinchen Drup 1552:Grub pa sde bdun), 1500:Anuttarayogatantra 1431: 1421: 1382:Suchness (tathata) 1324:Guhyasamāja tantra 1266: 1120: 1031:phyag rgya chen po 894:Tree of physiology 434:Four Tenets system 46: 9473:Tantric practices 9450: 9449: 9446: 9445: 9409:Modern yoga gurus 9287: 9286: 9066: 9065: 9043:Vasishtha Samhita 8526: 8525: 8164:Om mani padme hum 7870:Women in Buddhism 7786:Buddhist councils 7656:Western countries 7444:Madhyamakālaṃkāra 7205:Shaolin Monastery 6782:Samatha-vipassanā 6392:Pratītyasamutpāda 6196:Metteyya/Maitreya 6114: 6106: 6098: 6090: 6082: 6074: 6066: 5943:Four Noble Truths 5853: 5852: 5774:Shechen Monastery 5734:Jokhang Monastery 5714:Drepung Monastery 5610: 5609: 5567:Trulshik Rinpoche 5467:Ratna Vajra Sakya 5387:Khamtrul Rinpoche 5287:Chetsang Rinpoche 5262:Anagarika Govinda 5210:Thang Tong Gyalpo 5027:Transfer of merit 4804:on Study Buddhism 4781:978-3-86582-901-6 4759:978-962-7341-45-1 4677:978-1-55939-340-9 4494:978-1-59030-156-2 4387:studybuddhism.com 4042:, pp. 17–36. 3846:, pp. 28–29. 3593:Brunnholzl (2015) 3517:, pp. v–vii. 3471:, pp. 76–77. 3447:, pp. 72–73. 3357:, pp. 18–22. 3179: 3178: 3010:(16th century) – 2997:(1527–1592 CE) – 2990:Lamp of Mahāmudrā 2850:(D 2228, P 3072). 2843:(D 2227, P 307 1) 2832:Divakaracandra's 2829:(D 1 804, P 2669) 2776:Vyaktabhavasiddhi 2764:(Q3063, D22 1 9); 2757:(Q3062, D22 l 8); 2693:Ratnagotravibhaga 2673:Main source texts 2560:The settled mind, 2468:(1556–1603), 9th 2433:Samatha-vipassana 2363:meanwhile in his 2335:Lamp of Mahāmudrā 2159:tantric practices 2085:The Panchen Lama 1577:Caturmudraniscaya 1491:Ratnagotravibhāga 1271:Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa 1230:tantric practices 1222:samatha-vipasyana 1017:, contraction of 984: 983: 946:Index of articles 562:Major monasteries 520:Tantra techniques 439:Rangtong-Shentong 347:10th Panchen Lama 136:Key personalities 16:(Redirected from 9485: 9298: 9297: 9077: 9076: 9050:Vimanarcanakalpa 9015:Gheranda Samhita 8928:Shaiva Siddhanta 8698:Yoga Yajnavalkya 8628: 8627: 8553: 8546: 8539: 8530: 8529: 8516: 8515: 8504: 8503: 8343:Sacred languages 8191:Maya Devi Temple 8154:Mahabodhi Temple 7958:Secular Buddhism 7923:Engaged Buddhism 6763: 6611:Tibetan Buddhism 6562:Vietnamese Thiền 6161:Mahāsthāmaprāpta 6112: 6104: 6096: 6088: 6080: 6072: 6064: 5913: 5912: 5900: 5890: 5880: 5873: 5866: 5857: 5856: 5810:Himachal Pradesh 5749:Palyul Monastery 5739:Kathok Monastery 5729:Ganden Monastery 5572:Tsangnyön Heruka 5562:Trijang Rinpoche 5542:Thrangu Rinpoche 5532:Tenzin Ösel Hita 5402:Lama Jampa Thaye 5392:Khandro Rinpoche 5307:Dezhung Rinpoche 5282:Chatral Rinpoche 5108: 5107: 4909:Practice systems 4846: 4845:Tibetan Buddhism 4837: 4830: 4823: 4814: 4813: 4785: 4763: 4744: 4725: 4708:Garchen Rinpoche 4703: 4681: 4653: 4634: 4615: 4603: 4589: 4570: 4551: 4534:Trungpa, Chogyam 4529: 4510: 4503:Thrangu Rinpoche 4498: 4476: 4463: 4444: 4432: 4415: 4396: 4394: 4393: 4377: 4358: 4339: 4334:. Archived from 4322: 4313: 4294: 4275: 4266: 4250: 4241: 4222: 4203: 4181: 4172: 4153: 4151: 4150: 4145:. Study Buddhism 4128: 4122: 4116: 4110: 4104: 4098: 4092: 4086: 4080: 4073: 4067: 4061: 4055: 4049: 4043: 4037: 4031: 4025: 4019: 4013: 4007: 4001: 3995: 3989: 3978: 3972: 3966: 3960: 3954: 3948: 3942: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3918: 3912: 3906: 3900: 3889: 3883: 3874: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3847: 3841: 3835: 3829: 3823: 3817: 3811: 3805: 3799: 3793: 3787: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3723: 3717: 3711: 3705: 3699: 3693: 3684: 3678: 3659: 3653: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3629: 3623: 3617: 3611: 3605: 3596: 3590: 3579: 3573: 3567: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3530: 3524: 3518: 3512: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3483: 3472: 3466: 3460: 3454: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3395: 3394:, pp. 9–10. 3389: 3383: 3377: 3371: 3364: 3358: 3352: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3310: 3304: 3298: 3292: 3286: 3285:, pp. 7–11. 3280: 3274: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3233: 3227: 3080: 3076: 2836:(D 2226, P 3070) 2822:(D 2225, P 3069) 2815:(D 2224, p 3068) 2795:Dombhi Heruka's 2785:(Q3065, D222 1); 2750:(Q306 1, D2217); 2729:Ganges Mahamudra 2611:The practice of 2329:), according to 2287:, T. སྤྲོས་བྲལ་ 2257: 1486: 1470:Ganges Mahāmudrā 1451:Buddhist tantras 1378:mahāmudrā-siddhī 1366:completion stage 1279:Buddhist tantras 1086:lhen chig kye pa 1055:Tibetan Buddhism 1039:chag-gya chen-po 1024: 1000: 976: 969: 962: 899:Festival thangka 393: 366:General Buddhist 73: 63: 62:Tibetan Buddhism 48: 47: 43:'Phags-pa script 21: 9493: 9492: 9488: 9487: 9486: 9484: 9483: 9482: 9453: 9452: 9451: 9442: 9375: 9354:Yoga as therapy 9320:Standing asanas 9283: 9153: 9115: 9062: 8994:Hatha Ratnavali 8951: 8894: 8816:Viparita Karani 8703: 8662: 8617: 8562: 8557: 8527: 8522: 8510: 8492: 8444: 8359: 8274: 8011:Ordination hall 7972: 7874: 7845:Buddhist crisis 7757: 7454: 7406:Mahayana sutras 7382: 7378:Thích Nhất Hạnh 7209: 7082: 7022: 6972:Bodhisattva vow 6657: 6523: 6463: 6422:Taṇhā (Craving) 6357:Five hindrances 6308: 6200: 6130: 5984: 5929: 5901: 5884: 5854: 5849: 5783: 5764:Sanga Monastery 5759:Sakya Monastery 5702: 5646: 5606: 5497:Sogyal Rinpoche 5477:Reting Rinpoche 5367:Jamgon Kongtrul 5362:Gyalwang Drukpa 5292:Chögyam Trungpa 5240: 5214: 5188: 5157: 5153:Dudjom Rinpoche 5138:Patrul Rinpoche 5099: 5036: 4955: 4904: 4848: 4844: 4841: 4793: 4788: 4782: 4766: 4760: 4747: 4741: 4722: 4706: 4700: 4684: 4678: 4665: 4661: 4659:Further reading 4656: 4650: 4631: 4612: 4586: 4567: 4548: 4526: 4495: 4460: 4412: 4391: 4389: 4374: 4355: 4310: 4291: 4263: 4238: 4219: 4200: 4169: 4148: 4146: 4136: 4131: 4123: 4119: 4113:Rangdröl (2004) 4111: 4107: 4099: 4095: 4087: 4083: 4074: 4070: 4062: 4058: 4050: 4046: 4038: 4034: 4026: 4022: 4014: 4010: 4002: 3998: 3990: 3981: 3973: 3969: 3961: 3957: 3949: 3945: 3937: 3933: 3925: 3921: 3913: 3909: 3901: 3892: 3884: 3877: 3869: 3865: 3857: 3850: 3842: 3838: 3830: 3826: 3818: 3814: 3806: 3802: 3794: 3790: 3778: 3774: 3766: 3762: 3754: 3750: 3742: 3738: 3730: 3726: 3718: 3714: 3706: 3702: 3694: 3687: 3679: 3662: 3654: 3650: 3642: 3638: 3630: 3626: 3618: 3614: 3606: 3599: 3591: 3582: 3574: 3570: 3562: 3558: 3550: 3533: 3525: 3521: 3513: 3504: 3496: 3492: 3484: 3475: 3467: 3463: 3455: 3451: 3443: 3439: 3431: 3427: 3419: 3415: 3407: 3398: 3390: 3386: 3378: 3374: 3365: 3361: 3353: 3349: 3345:, pp. 1–6. 3341: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3305: 3301: 3297:, p. xxii. 3293: 3289: 3281: 3277: 3269: 3265: 3257: 3236: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3215: 3184: 3175:rang sar bzhag 3058: 3052: 3036:Jamgon Kongtrul 2937:(1475–1527) – 2868: 2820:Caturmudranvaya 2799:(Q3067, D2223). 2792:(Q3066, D2222); 2771:(Q3064, D2220); 2687: 2675: 2655: 2635: 2629: 2609: 2603: 2581:Chökyi Gyaltsen 2508: 2494:Chogyam Trungpa 2459: 2435: 2429: 2309:, T. སྒོམ་མེད་ 2283:simplicity (S. 2276:, T. རྩེ་གཅིག་ 2236: 2119: 2103:Chökyi Gyaltsen 2087:Chökyi Gyaltsen 2076:14th Dalai Lama 2029: 2027:Gelug tradition 1981: 1979:Sakya tradition 1883:Khyungpo Naljor 1856:14th Dalai Lama 1849: 1801: 1787:, three of the 1769:Jamgon Kongtrul 1765: 1686: 1684:Kagyu tradition 1630: 1484: 1479:Tilopa's pupil 1411: 1340:(also known as 1250: 1175:tathagatagarbha 1167:Jamgon Kongtrul 1112: 1092:Jamgon Kongtrul 1070:New Translation 1051:Indian Buddhism 1023:ཕྱག་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོ་ 980: 951: 950: 917: 909: 908: 869: 859: 858: 849:Mahayana sutras 825: 815: 814: 770: 760: 759: 704: 696: 695: 564: 554: 553: 474: 466: 465: 362: 352: 351: 342:14th Dalai Lama 337:13th Dalai Lama 321: 310: 292: 274: 256: 239:Patrul Rinpoche 181: 143: 138: 128: 127: 83: 61: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9491: 9481: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9448: 9447: 9444: 9443: 9441: 9440: 9439: 9438: 9431: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9395: 9394: 9383: 9381: 9377: 9376: 9374: 9373: 9366: 9361: 9359:Yoga for women 9356: 9351: 9350: 9349: 9347:Hasta Vinyasas 9339: 9337:Sun Salutation 9334: 9329: 9328: 9327: 9325:List of asanas 9322: 9317: 9306: 9304: 9295: 9289: 9288: 9285: 9284: 9282: 9281: 9280: 9279: 9271: 9270: 9269: 9261: 9260: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9238: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9202: 9197: 9189: 9188: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9163: 9161: 9155: 9154: 9152: 9151: 9150: 9149: 9144: 9136: 9135: 9134: 9125: 9123: 9117: 9116: 9114: 9113: 9106: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9085: 9083: 9074: 9068: 9067: 9064: 9063: 9061: 9060: 9053: 9046: 9039: 9036:Sritattvanidhi 9032: 9025: 9022:Joga Pradipika 9018: 9011: 9004: 8997: 8990: 8983: 8976: 8969: 8961: 8959: 8953: 8952: 8950: 8949: 8944: 8943: 8942: 8932: 8931: 8930: 8925: 8915: 8910: 8904: 8902: 8896: 8895: 8893: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8881: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8824: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8798: 8797: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8771: 8766: 8765: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8738: 8737: 8735:Lotus position 8727: 8722: 8711: 8709: 8705: 8704: 8702: 8701: 8694: 8687: 8680: 8672: 8670: 8664: 8663: 8661: 8660: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8636: 8634: 8625: 8619: 8618: 8616: 8615: 8610: 8609: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8572: 8570: 8564: 8563: 8556: 8555: 8548: 8541: 8533: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8520: 8508: 8497: 8494: 8493: 8491: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8454: 8452: 8446: 8445: 8443: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8391: 8390: 8385: 8375: 8369: 8367: 8361: 8360: 8358: 8357: 8356: 8355: 8350: 8340: 8335: 8330: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8284: 8282: 8276: 8275: 8273: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8261: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8209: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8167: 8166: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8140: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8078: 8077: 8075:Greco-Buddhist 8067: 8066: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8029: 8028: 8026:Burmese pagoda 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7982: 7980: 7974: 7973: 7971: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7884: 7882: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7816: 7815: 7808:Greco-Buddhism 7805: 7800: 7799: 7798: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7767: 7765: 7759: 7758: 7756: 7755: 7754: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7741:United Kingdom 7738: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7686:Czech Republic 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7653: 7652: 7651: 7646: 7636: 7635: 7634: 7624: 7623: 7622: 7617: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7576: 7575: 7565: 7560: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7464: 7462: 7456: 7455: 7453: 7452: 7450:Abhidharmadīpa 7447: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7392: 7390: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7368:B. R. Ambedkar 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7288:Songtsen Gampo 7285: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7219: 7217: 7211: 7210: 7208: 7207: 7202: 7201: 7200: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7164: 7163: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7092: 7090: 7084: 7083: 7081: 7080: 7079: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7032: 7030: 7024: 7023: 7021: 7020: 7015: 7014: 7013: 7003: 7002: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6981: 6980: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6967:Eight precepts 6964: 6954: 6953: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6927: 6926: 6925: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6904: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6862: 6861: 6856: 6846: 6841: 6840: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6755: 6745: 6740: 6738:Five Strengths 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6704: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6678: 6673: 6667: 6665: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6629: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6603: 6602: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6565: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6533: 6531: 6525: 6524: 6522: 6521: 6516: 6515: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6479: 6473: 6471: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6461: 6456: 6455: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6377:Mental factors 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6318: 6316: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6229:Mahamoggallāna 6226: 6221: 6216: 6210: 6208: 6202: 6201: 6199: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6152: 6151: 6144:Avalokiteśvara 6140: 6138: 6132: 6131: 6129: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6117: 6116: 6108: 6100: 6092: 6084: 6076: 6068: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5994: 5992: 5986: 5985: 5983: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5966: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5945: 5939: 5937: 5931: 5930: 5928: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5906: 5903: 5902: 5883: 5882: 5875: 5868: 5860: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5791: 5789: 5785: 5784: 5782: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5769:Sera Monastery 5766: 5761: 5756: 5754:Ramoche Temple 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5710: 5708: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5654: 5652: 5651:Ritual objects 5648: 5647: 5645: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5618: 5616: 5612: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5517:Tenga Rinpoche 5514: 5512:Tarthang Tulku 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5452:Penor Rinpoche 5449: 5444: 5439: 5437:Orgyen Tobgyal 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5312:Dilgo Khyentse 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5267:Arija Rinpoche 5264: 5259: 5257:Akong Rinpoche 5254: 5252:Trisong Detsen 5248: 5246: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5222: 5220: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5196: 5194: 5190: 5189: 5187: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5165: 5163: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5114: 5112: 5105: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5086: 5085: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5044: 5042: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4963: 4961: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4912: 4910: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4856: 4854: 4850: 4849: 4840: 4839: 4832: 4825: 4817: 4811: 4810: 4805: 4799: 4792: 4791:External links 4789: 4787: 4786: 4780: 4768:Wangchug Dorje 4764: 4758: 4745: 4740:978-1559391733 4739: 4726: 4721:978-0615578316 4720: 4704: 4699:978-1590300961 4698: 4682: 4676: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4654: 4649:978-1614295631 4648: 4635: 4630:978-1614293958 4629: 4616: 4610: 4594:Yeshe, Thubten 4590: 4585:978-0861710683 4584: 4571: 4566:978-1559392303 4565: 4552: 4547:978-1590300268 4546: 4530: 4525:978-1559394871 4524: 4511: 4499: 4493: 4481:Traleg Kyabgon 4477: 4464: 4459:978-0861714445 4458: 4445: 4433: 4431:on 2007-09-18. 4416: 4411:978-9627341253 4410: 4397: 4378: 4373:978-0861712991 4372: 4359: 4354:978-3700177869 4353: 4340: 4338:on 2008-08-20. 4323: 4314: 4309:978-0861714643 4308: 4295: 4290:978-0861716784 4289: 4276: 4267: 4261: 4242: 4237:978-1559391603 4236: 4223: 4218:978-9937206075 4217: 4204: 4198: 4182: 4173: 4168:978-0861713042 4167: 4154: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4129: 4125:Roberts (2011) 4117: 4105: 4093: 4081: 4068: 4056: 4044: 4032: 4020: 4018:, p. 282. 4008: 3996: 3994:, p. 280. 3979: 3977:, p. 178. 3975:Jackson (2001) 3967: 3965:, p. 277. 3955: 3943: 3941:, p. 276. 3931: 3927:Trungpa (2003) 3919: 3907: 3890: 3888:, p. 274. 3875: 3873:, p. 463. 3863: 3861:, p. 272. 3848: 3836: 3824: 3812: 3800: 3798:, p. 266. 3788: 3772: 3760: 3758:, p. 239. 3756:Wallace (2005) 3748: 3736: 3724: 3712: 3710:, p. 620. 3700: 3685: 3683:, p. 155. 3681:Jackson (2001) 3660: 3648: 3636: 3624: 3622:, p. 104. 3612: 3597: 3580: 3578:, p. 201. 3568: 3566:, p. 165. 3556: 3552:Stenzel (2014) 3531: 3519: 3502: 3490: 3473: 3461: 3457:Roberts (2011) 3449: 3437: 3425: 3413: 3409:Roberts (2011) 3396: 3392:Roberts (2011) 3384: 3382:, p. 261. 3372: 3370:, p. 119. 3359: 3347: 3335: 3323: 3311: 3299: 3287: 3275: 3263: 3259:Jackson (2005) 3234: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3210: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3191: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3163: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3149: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3135: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3121: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3107: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3063:was a Bengali 3054:Main article: 3051: 3048: 3047: 3046: 3038:(1813–1899) – 3033: 3027: 3023:(1613–1678) – 3018: 3005: 2992: 2983: 2955:(1556–1603) – 2950: 2946:(1570–1662) – 2941: 2932: 2923: 2919:(1284–1339) – 2914: 2901: 2897:(1110–1170) – 2892: 2878: 2867: 2864: 2863: 2862: 2853: 2852: 2851: 2844: 2839:Sahajavajra's 2837: 2830: 2823: 2816: 2802: 2801: 2800: 2793: 2786: 2779: 2772: 2765: 2758: 2753:Anangavajra's 2751: 2735:(Saptasiddhiḥ, 2731: 2727:'s (988–1069) 2722: 2710: 2697: 2686: 2683: 2674: 2671: 2654: 2651: 2628: 2625: 2602: 2599: 2574: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2553: 2552: 2545: 2539: 2532: 2526: 2507: 2504: 2466:Wangchuk Dorje 2458: 2455: 2447:Wangchuk Dorje 2431:Main article: 2428: 2425: 2424: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2403: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2382: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2358: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2315: 2314: 2303: 2298:, T. རོ་གཅིག་ 2294:one taste (S. 2292: 2281: 2235: 2232: 2214:(calming) and 2181:nature of mind 2118: 2115: 2028: 2025: 1980: 1977: 1976: 1975: 1944: 1933:Drukpa lineage 1929: 1904:consisting of 1890: 1875: 1848: 1847:Kagyu lineages 1845: 1800: 1797: 1764: 1761: 1749:Wangchuk Dorje 1685: 1682: 1629: 1626: 1622:Sakyasribhadra 1602:Chödrak Gyatso 1588: 1587: 1580: 1565: 1545:(Saptasiddhiḥ, 1460:, his student 1410: 1409:Indian sources 1407: 1256:Statue of the 1249: 1246: 1111: 1108: 982: 981: 979: 978: 971: 964: 956: 953: 952: 949: 948: 942: 941: 936: 930: 929: 924: 918: 915: 914: 911: 910: 907: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 884:Wall paintings 881: 876: 870: 865: 864: 861: 860: 857: 856: 854:Nyingma Gyubum 851: 845: 844: 838: 837: 832: 826: 821: 820: 817: 816: 813: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 785:Galdan Namchot 782: 777: 775:Chotrul Duchen 771: 766: 765: 762: 761: 758: 757: 756: 755: 745: 740: 734: 733: 728: 723: 717: 716: 711: 705: 702: 701: 698: 697: 694: 693: 688: 683: 677: 676: 671: 666: 661: 655: 654: 649: 644: 639: 633: 632: 627: 622: 616: 615: 610: 605: 599: 598: 593: 588: 582: 581: 576: 571: 565: 560: 559: 556: 555: 552: 551: 546: 540: 539: 534: 529: 523: 522: 517: 511: 510: 505: 499: 498: 496:Avalokiteśvara 493: 487: 486: 481: 475: 472: 471: 468: 467: 464: 463: 458: 452: 451: 447: 446: 441: 436: 430: 429: 425: 424: 419: 413: 412: 407: 402: 396: 395: 386: 381: 375: 374: 368: 367: 363: 358: 357: 354: 353: 350: 349: 344: 339: 334: 332:5th Dalai Lama 329: 323: 322: 312: 311: 306: 305: 300: 294: 293: 288: 287: 282: 276: 275: 270: 269: 267:Rangjung Dorje 264: 258: 257: 252: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 220: 219: 215: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 183: 182: 177: 176: 171: 169:Trisong Detsen 166: 164:Songtsen Gampo 161: 156: 151: 145: 144: 139: 134: 133: 130: 129: 126: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 84: 79: 78: 75: 74: 66: 65: 57: 56: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9490: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9460: 9458: 9437: 9436: 9432: 9430: 9429: 9428:Asana Journal 9425: 9424: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9393: 9390: 9389: 9388: 9385: 9384: 9382: 9378: 9372: 9371: 9370:Light on Yoga 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9348: 9345: 9344: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9312: 9311: 9308: 9307: 9305: 9303: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9290: 9278: 9275: 9274: 9272: 9268: 9265: 9264: 9262: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9207: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9167: 9165: 9164: 9162: 9160: 9156: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9139: 9137: 9133: 9130: 9129: 9127: 9126: 9124: 9122: 9118: 9112: 9111: 9110:Visuddhimagga 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9086: 9084: 9082: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9069: 9059: 9058: 9054: 9052: 9051: 9047: 9045: 9044: 9040: 9038: 9037: 9033: 9031: 9030: 9029:Shiva Samhita 9026: 9024: 9023: 9019: 9017: 9016: 9012: 9010: 9009: 9005: 9003: 9002: 8998: 8996: 8995: 8991: 8989: 8988: 8984: 8982: 8981: 8980:Bahr al-Hayat 8977: 8975: 8974: 8970: 8968: 8967: 8963: 8962: 8960: 8958: 8954: 8948: 8945: 8941: 8938: 8937: 8936: 8933: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8920: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8905: 8903: 8901: 8897: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8845: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8803: 8802: 8799: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8776: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8736: 8733: 8732: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8717: 8716: 8713: 8712: 8710: 8706: 8700: 8699: 8695: 8693: 8692: 8691:Yoga Vasistha 8688: 8686: 8685: 8681: 8679: 8678: 8677:Bhagavad Gita 8674: 8673: 8671: 8669: 8665: 8659: 8656: 8655:and sometimes 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8637: 8635: 8633: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8620: 8614: 8611: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8593: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8573: 8571: 8569: 8565: 8561: 8554: 8549: 8547: 8542: 8540: 8535: 8534: 8531: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8507: 8499: 8498: 8495: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8455: 8453: 8451: 8447: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8380: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8366: 8362: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8345: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8285: 8283: 8281: 8280:Miscellaneous 8277: 8271: 8270:Vegetarianism 8268: 8266: 8263: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8235: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8183: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8165: 8162: 8161: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8114: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8092:Buddha in art 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8076: 8073: 8072: 8071: 8068: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8027: 8024: 8023: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7988: 7987: 7984: 7983: 7981: 7979: 7975: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7885: 7883: 7881: 7877: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7814: 7811: 7810: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7797: 7794: 7793: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7768: 7766: 7764: 7760: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7746:United States 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7658: 7657: 7654: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7641: 7640: 7637: 7633: 7630: 7629: 7628: 7625: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7612: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7573: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7555: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7461: 7457: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7445: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7428: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7389: 7385: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7303:Padmasambhava 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7220: 7218: 7216: 7215:Major figures 7212: 7206: 7203: 7199: 7196: 7195: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7162: 7161:Western tulku 7159: 7158: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7089: 7085: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7058: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7033: 7031: 7029: 7025: 7019: 7016: 7012: 7009: 7008: 7007: 7004: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6986: 6985: 6982: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6962:Five precepts 6960: 6959: 6958: 6955: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6940:Dhamma vicaya 6938: 6936: 6933: 6932: 6931: 6928: 6924: 6921: 6920: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6888: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6851: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6787: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6762: 6761: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6750: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6708:Buddhābhiṣeka 6706: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6683: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6660: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6608: 6607: 6604: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6544: 6543: 6540: 6539: 6538: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6530: 6526: 6520: 6517: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6484: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6474: 6472: 6470: 6466: 6460: 6457: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6439: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6352:Enlightenment 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6342:Dhamma theory 6340: 6338: 6337:Buddha-nature 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6311: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6203: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6176:Samantabhadra 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6150: 6147: 6146: 6145: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6133: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6115: 6109: 6107: 6101: 6099: 6093: 6091: 6085: 6083: 6077: 6075: 6069: 6067: 6061: 6060: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5995: 5993: 5991: 5987: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5950: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5932: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5908: 5907: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5881: 5876: 5874: 5869: 5867: 5862: 5861: 5858: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5786: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5711: 5709: 5705: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5649: 5643: 5642:Tibetan canon 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5619: 5617: 5613: 5603: 5602:Zong Rinpoche 5600: 5598: 5597:Yudra Nyingpo 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5547:Thubten Yeshe 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5537:Thinley Norbu 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5482:Sakya Chokden 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5422:Namkhai Norbu 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5412:Marpa Lotsawa 5410: 5408: 5407:Ling Rinpoche 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5377:Kalu Rinpoche 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5322:Drukpa Kunley 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5243: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5226:Je Tsongkhapa 5224: 5223: 5221: 5217: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5191: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5179:Sakya Pandita 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5143:Dudjom Lingpa 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5123:Yeshe Tsogyal 5121: 5119: 5118:Padmasambhava 5116: 5115: 5113: 5109: 5106: 5102: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5084: 5083:Western tulku 5081: 5080: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5039: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4958: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4907: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4857: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4838: 4833: 4831: 4826: 4824: 4819: 4818: 4815: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4794: 4783: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4755: 4751: 4746: 4742: 4736: 4733:. Shambhala. 4732: 4727: 4723: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4695: 4692:. Shambhala. 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4673: 4669: 4664: 4663: 4651: 4645: 4641: 4636: 4632: 4626: 4622: 4617: 4613: 4611:0-86171-343-5 4607: 4602: 4601: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4581: 4577: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4559:. Shambhala. 4558: 4553: 4549: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4521: 4518:. Shambhala. 4517: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4490: 4487:. Shambhala. 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4465: 4461: 4455: 4451: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4437:Ray, Reginald 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4417: 4413: 4407: 4403: 4398: 4388: 4384: 4379: 4375: 4369: 4365: 4360: 4356: 4350: 4346: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4324: 4320: 4315: 4311: 4305: 4301: 4296: 4292: 4286: 4282: 4277: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4262:0-02-865733-0 4258: 4254: 4249: 4243: 4239: 4233: 4229: 4224: 4220: 4214: 4210: 4205: 4201: 4199:1-55939-072-7 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4174: 4170: 4164: 4160: 4155: 4144: 4139: 4138: 4126: 4121: 4114: 4109: 4102: 4097: 4090: 4085: 4078: 4072: 4065: 4064:Mathes (2015) 4060: 4054:, p. 76. 4053: 4048: 4041: 4036: 4029: 4024: 4017: 4012: 4005: 4000: 3993: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3976: 3971: 3964: 3959: 3952: 3947: 3940: 3935: 3928: 3923: 3916: 3911: 3904: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3887: 3882: 3880: 3872: 3867: 3860: 3855: 3853: 3845: 3840: 3833: 3828: 3821: 3816: 3809: 3804: 3797: 3792: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3769: 3764: 3757: 3752: 3745: 3740: 3734:, p. 20. 3733: 3732:Willis (1995) 3728: 3721: 3716: 3709: 3704: 3697: 3692: 3690: 3682: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3657: 3656:Berzin (2006) 3652: 3645: 3640: 3633: 3628: 3621: 3616: 3609: 3608:Mathes (2008) 3604: 3602: 3594: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3577: 3576:Mathes (2003) 3572: 3565: 3560: 3553: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3528: 3523: 3516: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3500:, p. 65. 3499: 3494: 3487: 3486:Mathes (2015) 3482: 3480: 3478: 3470: 3465: 3459:, p. 12. 3458: 3453: 3446: 3441: 3434: 3433:Mathes (2015) 3429: 3423:, p. 71. 3422: 3417: 3411:, p. 11. 3410: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3393: 3388: 3381: 3376: 3369: 3363: 3356: 3351: 3344: 3339: 3333:, p. 17. 3332: 3327: 3321:, p. 16. 3320: 3315: 3308: 3303: 3296: 3291: 3284: 3279: 3272: 3267: 3260: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3231: 3226: 3222: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3188:Body of light 3186: 3185: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3157: 3155:Don't control 3154: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3143: 3141:Don't examine 3140: 3137: 3136: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3122: 3118: 3115: 3113:Don't imagine 3112: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3094: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3081: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2909: 2906:(1143–1217) – 2905: 2904:Jigten Sumgon 2902: 2900: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2870: 2869: 2866:Tibetan works 2861: 2860:amanasikara). 2857: 2854: 2849: 2845: 2842: 2838: 2835: 2831: 2828: 2824: 2821: 2817: 2814: 2810: 2809: 2807: 2803: 2798: 2794: 2791: 2787: 2784: 2780: 2777: 2773: 2770: 2766: 2763: 2760:Indrabhuti's 2759: 2756: 2752: 2749: 2746:Padmavajra's 2745: 2744: 2743: 2739: 2736: 2732: 2730: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2700:Anāvilatantra 2698: 2695: 2694: 2689: 2688: 2682: 2680: 2669: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2653:Nonmeditation 2649: 2644: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2608: 2597: 2592: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2577: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2558: 2557: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2520: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2478: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2454: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2434: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2410: 2408: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2390: 2389: 2387: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2339: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2279: 2275: 2274: 2269: 2268: 2267: 2265: 2261: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2231: 2228: 2224: 2221:According to 2219: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2123:buddha-nature 2114: 2110: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2097: 2092: 2088: 2083: 2081: 2080:Thubten Yeshe 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2044:Je Tsongkhapa 2038: 2033: 2024: 2022: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1989:Sakya pandita 1986: 1973: 1972:Shangpa Kagyu 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1937:Tsangpa Gyare 1934: 1930: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1894:Drikung Kagyu 1891: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1879:Shangpa Kagyu 1876: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1860: 1859: 1857: 1853: 1844: 1841: 1837: 1832: 1830: 1823: 1818: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1712: 1710: 1706: 1701: 1694: 1690: 1681: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1639: 1634: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1618:Anavilatantra 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1600: 1595: 1594:(1290-1364). 1593: 1585: 1581: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1546: 1542: 1541: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1523:Marpa Lotsawa 1520: 1516: 1512: 1507: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1492: 1482: 1477: 1475: 1474:Shangpa Kagyu 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1429: 1425: 1419: 1415: 1406: 1404: 1400: 1399: 1394: 1391:According to 1389: 1385: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1374:sūkṣma śarīra 1371: 1367: 1362: 1361: 1360: 1355: 1354: 1349: 1348: 1343: 1342:Yoginītantras 1339: 1338: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1302:—the action ( 1301: 1297: 1295: 1290: 1289: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1273: 1272: 1263: 1259: 1254: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1187: 1182: 1181: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1165:According to 1163: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1116: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 996: 993:: महामुद्रा, 992: 988: 977: 972: 970: 965: 963: 958: 957: 955: 954: 947: 944: 943: 940: 937: 935: 932: 931: 928: 925: 923: 920: 919: 913: 912: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 871: 868: 863: 862: 855: 852: 850: 847: 846: 843: 840: 839: 836: 833: 831: 828: 827: 824: 819: 818: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 772: 769: 764: 763: 754: 753:Western tulku 751: 750: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 735: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 718: 715: 712: 710: 707: 706: 700: 699: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 678: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 656: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 634: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 617: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 600: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 583: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 566: 563: 558: 557: 550: 547: 545: 542: 541: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 524: 521: 518: 516: 513: 512: 509: 506: 504: 501: 500: 497: 494: 492: 489: 488: 485: 482: 480: 477: 476: 470: 469: 462: 459: 457: 454: 453: 449: 448: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 431: 427: 426: 423: 420: 418: 415: 414: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 397: 394: 392: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 376: 373: 370: 369: 365: 364: 361: 356: 355: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 327:Je Tsongkhapa 325: 324: 319: 318: 317: 316: 308: 307: 304: 301: 299: 298:Sakya Pandita 296: 295: 290: 289: 286: 283: 281: 278: 277: 272: 271: 268: 265: 263: 260: 259: 254: 253: 250: 247: 245: 244:Dudjom Lingpa 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 224:Yeshe Tsogyal 222: 221: 217: 216: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 184: 179: 178: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 150: 149:Padmasambhāva 147: 146: 141: 140: 137: 132: 131: 124: 121: 119: 116: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 85: 82: 77: 76: 72: 68: 67: 64: 59: 58: 54: 50: 49: 44: 39: 33: 19: 9435:Yoga Journal 9433: 9426: 9392:Mindful Yoga 9387:Yoga hybrids 9368: 9315:Downward dog 9256: 9180:Anuttarayoga 9108: 9055: 9048: 9041: 9034: 9027: 9020: 9013: 9006: 8999: 8992: 8985: 8978: 8973:Amritasiddhi 8971: 8964: 8696: 8689: 8682: 8675: 8654: 8581:Five sheaths 8576:Three bodies 8458:Bodhisattvas 8378:Christianity 8373:Baháʼí Faith 8238:Dharmachakra 8228:Prayer wheel 8218:Prayer beads 7986:Architecture 7865:969 Movement 7649:Saudi Arabia 7627:Central Asia 7620:South Africa 7442: 7425: 7358:Panchen Lama 7263:Buddhapālita 6859:Satipatthana 6854:Mindful Yoga 6767:Recollection 6681:Brahmavihara 6552:Japanese Zen 6547:Chinese Chan 6507:Animal realm 6314:Key concepts 6136:Bodhisattvas 5948:Three Jewels 5522:Tenzin Palmo 5352:Ganden Tripa 5302:Dampa Sangye 5236:Panchen Lama 5174:Sakya Trizin 5133:Jigme Lingpa 4940: 4771: 4749: 4730: 4711: 4689: 4667: 4639: 4620: 4599: 4575: 4556: 4537: 4515: 4506: 4484: 4472: 4468: 4449: 4443:. Shambhala. 4440: 4429:the original 4424: 4401: 4390:. Retrieved 4386: 4363: 4344: 4336:the original 4331: 4318: 4299: 4280: 4271: 4252: 4227: 4208: 4189: 4177: 4158: 4147:. Retrieved 4120: 4108: 4096: 4084: 4076: 4071: 4066:, p. 3. 4059: 4052:Kragh (2015) 4047: 4040:Brown (2006) 4035: 4023: 4011: 3999: 3970: 3958: 3946: 3934: 3922: 3915:Brown (2006) 3910: 3866: 3844:Brown (2006) 3839: 3827: 3815: 3803: 3791: 3780:Yeshe (2003) 3775: 3763: 3751: 3739: 3727: 3720:Yeshe (2018) 3715: 3703: 3651: 3639: 3627: 3615: 3571: 3564:Kragh (2015) 3559: 3527:Kragh (2015) 3522: 3498:Kragh (2015) 3493: 3488:, p. 2. 3469:Kragh (2015) 3464: 3452: 3445:Kragh (2015) 3440: 3435:, p. 1. 3428: 3421:Kragh (2015) 3416: 3387: 3375: 3362: 3355:Brown (2006) 3350: 3338: 3331:Brown (2006) 3326: 3319:Brown (2006) 3314: 3309:, p. 7. 3307:Brown (2006) 3302: 3290: 3278: 3273:, p. x. 3266: 3225: 3099:Don't recall 3073: 3059: 3043: 3039: 3030:Situ Panchen 3024: 3021:Karma Chagme 3015: 3011: 3002: 2998: 2989: 2980: 2976: 2968: 2964: 2956: 2947: 2938: 2929: 2920: 2911: 2907: 2898: 2895:Phagmo Drupa 2888: 2884: 2875: 2859: 2847: 2841:Sthitisamasa 2840: 2833: 2826: 2819: 2818:Nagarjuna's 2813:Dohakosagiti 2812: 2805: 2797:Sahajasiddhi 2796: 2789: 2782: 2775: 2769:Advayasiddhi 2768: 2761: 2754: 2747: 2741: 2734: 2728: 2716: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2692: 2685:Indian works 2676: 2666: 2661:Phagmo Drupa 2659: 2656: 2646: 2641:Phagmo Drupa 2639: 2636: 2610: 2594: 2578: 2575: 2554: 2551:difference?" 2547: 2541: 2534: 2528: 2522: 2517: 2513:pointing out 2509: 2501: 2498: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2449:, the ninth 2436: 2406: 2404: 2385: 2383: 2364: 2359: 2334: 2326: 2316: 2310: 2306: 2299: 2295: 2288: 2284: 2277: 2272: 2263: 2247: 2237: 2223:Reginald Ray 2220: 2185: 2173:prostrations 2163: 2155:empowerments 2120: 2111: 2106: 2100: 2095: 2084: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2057: 2041: 2020: 2017: 2004: 1982: 1955: 1901: 1898:Jigten Gonpo 1850: 1833: 1825: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1766: 1738: 1728: 1724:Phagmo Drupa 1713: 1698: 1678:Karma Chagme 1643: 1617: 1613: 1605: 1596: 1589: 1583: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1563:Jñanasiddhi. 1562: 1560:Indrabhuti's 1555: 1551: 1544: 1535: 1508: 1503: 1489: 1478: 1469: 1455: 1432: 1402: 1396: 1393:Reginald Ray 1390: 1386: 1377: 1373: 1363: 1357: 1353:Cakrasaṁvara 1351: 1345: 1341: 1336: 1333: 1322: 1316: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1293: 1286: 1276: 1269: 1267: 1224:meditation, 1207: 1203: 1195:Pala Dynasty 1185: 1179: 1164: 1123: 1121: 1103: 1099: 1096:nonsectarian 1094:, a Tibetan 1090: 1085: 1067: 1038: 1030: 1014: 1006: 986: 985: 889:Ashtamangala 874:Sand mandala 714:Panchen Lama 681:Tashi Lhunpo 313: 234:Jigme Lingpa 154:Śāntarakṣita 9302:As exercise 9200:Yantra yoga 9195:Devata yoga 9104:Anapanasati 8947:Sexual Yoga 8868:Kapalabhati 8838:Sama vritti 8789:Surat Shabd 8715:Eight limbs 8645:Bhakti yoga 8632:Three Yogas 8568:Subtle body 8303:Dharma talk 8132:Asalha Puja 7928:Eschatology 7731:Switzerland 7711:New Zealand 7639:Middle East 7548:Philippines 7468:Afghanistan 7273:Bodhidharma 7258:Buddhaghosa 7178:Householder 7088:Monasticism 7041:Bodhisattva 6896:Prostration 6849:Mindfulness 6777:Anapanasati 6760:Kammaṭṭhāna 6557:Korean Seon 6497:Asura realm 6492:Human realm 6432:Ten Fetters 6387:Parinirvana 6289:Uppalavanna 6254:Mahākaccana 6239:Mahākassapa 6171:Kṣitigarbha 6166:Ākāśagarbha 6063:Suddhodāna 6008:Four sights 5935:Foundations 5805:Dharamshala 5707:Monasteries 5592:Vimalamitra 5447:Pema Lingpa 5104:Key figures 5090:Vajracharya 5017:Six Dharmas 4972:Empowerment 4248:"Mahāmudrā" 4134:Works cited 3746:, p. . 3515:Duff (2008) 3271:Duff (2008) 3230:Duff (2008) 3127:Don't think 2825:Aryadeva's 2774:Ulavajra's 2762:Jñanasiddhi 2748:Guhyasiddhi 2285:niṣprapānca 2240:Dagpo Kagyu 2204:empowerment 2196:subtle body 2194:as well as 1960:Dagpo Kagyu 1948:Dagpo Kagyu 1864:Karma Kagyu 1742:Karma Kagyu 1731:Dakpo Kagyu 1705:empowerment 1660:school and 1556:Guhyasiddhi 1504:amanasikara 1468:. Tilopa's 1435:Mahasiddhas 1395:, the term 1370:subtle body 1344:) like the 1306:), pledge ( 1283:Yogatantras 1258:Guhyasamāja 1228:, rituals, 1226:monasticism 1191:mahasiddhas 608:Mindrolling 405:Bodhisattva 207:Sukhasiddhi 197:Abhayakirti 9478:Nonduality 9457:Categories 9414:Yoga Nidra 9220:Karmamudra 9185:Sahajayana 8957:Hatha yoga 8923:Mahasiddha 8843:Shatkarmas 8794:Aghor Yoga 8747:Pratyahara 8668:Philosophy 8650:Jnana yoga 8640:Karma yoga 8420:Psychology 8400:Gnosticism 8388:Comparison 8383:Influences 8365:Comparison 8248:Bhavacakra 8206:Kushinagar 8181:Pilgrimage 8127:Māgha Pūjā 8082:Bodhi Tree 7898:Buddhology 7888:Abhidharma 7880:Philosophy 7813:Menander I 7681:Costa Rica 7632:Uzbekistan 7473:Bangladesh 7427:Dhammapada 7411:Pali Canon 7373:Ajahn Chah 7353:Dalai Lama 7253:Kumārajīva 7248:Vasubandhu 7223:The Buddha 7131:Zen master 7066:Sakadagami 7046:Buddhahood 6977:Pratimokṣa 6792:Shikantaza 6748:Meditation 6723:Deity yoga 6594:Madhyamaka 6487:Deva realm 6382:Mindstream 6332:Bodhicitta 6244:Aṅgulimāla 6111:Devadatta 6087:Yaśodharā 5990:The Buddha 5980:Middle Way 5587:Vairotsana 5502:Tai Situpa 5442:Phabongkha 5231:Dalai Lama 5128:Longchenpa 5095:Vidyadhara 4967:Deity yoga 4853:Traditions 4392:2024-01-17 4186:Dalai Lama 4149:2016-06-16 4079:. Hamburg. 4028:Ray (2001) 4016:Ray (2001) 4004:Ray (2001) 3992:Ray (2001) 3963:Ray (2001) 3951:Ray (2001) 3939:Ray (2001) 3903:Ray (2001) 3886:Ray (2001) 3859:Ray (2001) 3832:Ray (2001) 3820:Ray (2001) 3808:Ray (2001) 3796:Ray (2001) 3782:, p. 3380:Ray (2001) 3366:quoted in 3213:References 3065:mahasiddha 2856:Maitripa's 2633:Nondualism 2631:See also: 2605:See also: 2589:Madhyamaka 2327:pañcamārga 2323:five paths 2289:spros bral 2188:deity yoga 2131:Buddhahood 2001:deity yoga 1956:a-ma-na-si 1914:deity yoga 1910:bodhicitta 1840:Chan (Zen) 1781:dream yoga 1447:apabhramsa 1359:Kālacakra. 1329:tathāgatas 1160:buddhahood 1148:meditation 1074:Sahajayoga 1007:phyag chen 904:Mani stone 709:Dalai Lama 549:Buddhahood 537:Dream yoga 527:Deity yoga 503:Meditation 491:Bodhicitta 229:Longchenpa 159:Kamalaśīla 9423:Journals 9257:Mahamudra 9175:Caryayoga 9159:Vajrayana 9132:Yogachara 9099:Vipassana 9081:Theravada 8940:Kundalini 8935:Laya Yoga 8873:Bhastrika 8811:Mahamudra 8742:Pranayama 8658:Rāja yoga 8488:Festivals 8468:Buddhists 8430:Theosophy 8233:Symbolism 8223:Hama yumi 8196:Bodh Gaya 7963:Socialism 7938:Evolution 7913:Economics 7751:Venezuela 7666:Australia 7661:Argentina 7585:Sri Lanka 7580:Singapore 7498:Indonesia 7460:Countries 7401:Tripiṭaka 7363:Ajahn Mun 7238:Nagarjuna 7233:Aśvaghoṣa 7116:Anagārika 7111:Śrāmaṇerī 7106:Śrāmaṇera 7101:Bhikkhunī 7061:Sotāpanna 6950:Passaddhi 6891:Offerings 6866:Nekkhamma 6743:Iddhipada 6663:Practices 6633:Theravada 6606:Vajrayana 6599:Yogachara 6569:Pure Land 6482:Six Paths 6469:Cosmology 6249:Anuruddha 6224:Sāriputta 6214:Kaundinya 6206:Disciples 6181:Vajrapāṇi 6033:Footprint 5998:Tathāgata 5835:Shambhala 5507:Taranatha 4977:Guru yoga 4951:Vajrayana 4946:Pure Land 4941:Mahamudra 4926:Kālacakra 4802:Mahamudra 3218:Citations 3147:mi dpyod 2846:Kotali's 2811:Saraha's 2781:Darika's 2767:Laksmi's 2627:One taste 2585:vipaśyanā 2506:Vipaśyanā 2443:vipaśyanā 2278:rtse gcig 2227:vipasyana 2216:vipasyana 2177:guru yoga 2127:emptiness 2096:vipasyana 2078:and Lama 2048:Manjushri 1918:guru yoga 1757:vipasyana 1709:guru yoga 1664:practise 1573:Dohakosha 1531:Rechungpa 1519:Dromtönpa 1476:lineage. 1443:Nagarjuna 1248:Etymology 1156:nondually 1144:emptiness 1124:mahāmudrā 1100:sems nyid 1047:emptiness 1015:chag-chen 987:Mahāmudrā 768:Festivals 532:Guru yoga 515:Vajrayana 484:Pāramitās 384:Cosmology 360:Teachings 285:Taranatha 18:Mahāmudrā 9242:Mahayoga 9121:Mahayana 9072:Buddhism 8833:Kumbhaka 8708:Concepts 8623:Hinduism 8601:Sushumna 8506:Category 8435:Violence 8405:Hinduism 8353:Sanskrit 8308:Hinayana 8293:Amitābha 8253:Swastika 8122:Uposatha 8112:Holidays 8097:Calendar 7943:Humanism 7781:Kanishka 7771:Timeline 7595:Thailand 7563:Kalmykia 7558:Buryatia 7543:Pakistan 7528:Mongolia 7523:Maldives 7518:Malaysia 7483:Cambodia 7348:Shamarpa 7343:Nichiren 7293:Xuanzang 7228:Nagasena 7146:Rinpoche 6876:Pāramitā 6718:Devotion 6638:Navayana 6626:Dzogchen 6589:Nichiren 6537:Mahayana 6529:Branches 6407:Saṅkhāra 6156:Mañjuśrī 6113:(cousin) 6105:(cousin) 6073:(mother) 6065:(father) 6053:Miracles 6003:Birthday 5920:Glossary 5893:Buddhism 5830:Mongolia 5815:Kalmykia 5800:Buryatia 5492:Shamarpa 5200:Milarepa 5068:Rinpoche 4921:Dzogchen 4770:(2009). 4710:(1997). 4688:(2003). 4596:(2003). 4505:(2006). 4483:(2003). 4439:(2001). 3182:See also 3161:mi sgom 3133:mi shes 3119:mi bsam 2872:Milarepa 2607:Dzogchen 2311:sgom med 2307:abhāvanā 2296:samarasa 2169:Dzogchen 2091:Milarepa 1952:Maitripa 1829:Maitrīpa 1809:oneself. 1745:Karmapas 1666:Dzogchen 1638:Milarepa 1527:Milarepa 1513:scholar 1496:Mahayana 1481:Maitripa 1428:Maitripa 1319:Mahāyoga 1291:and the 1205:Saraha's 1183:and the 1171:Yogacara 1104:sems lam 999:ཕྱག་ཆེན་ 991:Sanskrit 927:Timeline 795:Dosmoche 731:Rinpoche 620:Narthang 579:Dzogchen 456:Dzogchen 309:Bodongpa 212:Milarepa 174:Ralpacan 53:a series 51:Part of 9380:Related 9342:Vinyāsa 9332:Drishti 9277:Shingon 9252:Atiyoga 9247:Anuyoga 9089:Samatha 8890:Sādhanā 8878:Trataka 8779:Pranava 8762:Samadhi 8752:Dhāraṇā 8606:Pingala 8483:Temples 8463:Buddhas 8425:Science 8415:Judaism 8410:Jainism 8328:Lineage 8288:Abhijñā 8258:Thangka 8201:Sarnath 8186:Lumbini 8107:Funeral 8102:Cuisine 7978:Culture 7953:Reality 7903:Creator 7893:Atomism 7763:History 7736:Ukraine 7696:Germany 7615:Senegal 7605:Vietnam 7533:Myanmar 7333:Shinran 7323:Karmapa 7298:Shandao 7268:Dignāga 7193:Śrāvaka 7173:Donchee 7168:Kappiya 7126:Sayadaw 7096:Bhikkhu 7071:Anāgāmi 7028:Nirvana 6994:Samadhi 6881:Paritta 6822:Tonglen 6817:Mandala 6772:Smarana 6753:Mantras 6701:Upekkha 6671:Bhavana 6621:Shingon 6574:Tiantai 6427:Tathātā 6417:Śūnyatā 6412:Skandha 6402:Saṃsāra 6397:Rebirth 6372:Kleshas 6362:Indriya 6264:Subhūti 6149:Guanyin 6103:Ānanda 6095:Rāhula 5975:Nirvana 5915:Outline 5688:Thangka 5678:Serkyem 5632:Tengyur 5627:Kangyur 5347:Gampopa 5205:Karmapa 5111:Nyingma 5063:Rigdzin 5012:Sadhana 4982:Mandala 4890:Nyingma 3105:mi mno 2881:Gampopa 2617:Gampopa 2470:Karmapa 2457:Śamatha 2451:Karmapa 2439:śamatha 2300:ro gcig 2252:Tibetan 2238:In the 2212:samatha 2190:with a 2165:Ngondro 2052:Drikung 2009:Gampopa 1993:tantric 1868:Gampopa 1753:samatha 1716:Gampopa 1700:Gampopa 1693:Gampopa 1670:śūnyatā 1658:Nyingma 1599:Karmapa 1537:Gampopa 1347:Hevajra 1310:), and 1242:Gampopa 1140:Tantric 1132:Tibetan 1110:History 1019:Tibetan 995:Tibetan 939:Culture 934:Outline 922:History 879:Thangka 835:Tengyur 830:Kangyur 810:Losoong 805:Sho Dun 726:Karmapa 686:Tsurphu 647:Ramoche 630:Pabonka 625:Nechung 613:Namgyal 603:Labrang 591:Jokhang 574:Drepung 569:Tradruk 544:Thukdam 450:Nyingma 428:Tibetan 400:Rebirth 391:Saṃsāra 379:Skandha 320:Gelugpa 303:Gorampa 280:Dolpopa 218:Nyingma 88:Nyingma 81:Schools 9293:Modern 9273:Japan 9267:Tangmi 9263:China 9191:Tibet 9166:India 9142:Tendai 9138:Japan 9128:India 8918:Siddhi 8913:Yogini 8900:Tantra 8853:Dhauti 8806:Bandha 8801:Mudras 8774:Mantra 8757:Dhyana 8725:Niyama 8586:Chakra 8478:Sutras 8473:Suttas 8338:Siddhi 8323:Koliya 8298:Brahmā 8213:Poetry 8159:Mantra 8149:Kasaya 8021:Pagoda 8001:Kyaung 7996:Vihāra 7991:Temple 7933:Ethics 7776:Ashoka 7726:Sweden 7721:Poland 7716:Norway 7706:Mexico 7691:France 7676:Canada 7671:Brazil 7610:Africa 7590:Taiwan 7553:Russia 7478:Bhutan 7438:Vinaya 7318:Naropa 7308:Saraha 7243:Asanga 6999:Prajñā 6908:Refuge 6871:Nianfo 6832:Tertön 6827:Tantra 6812:Ganana 6802:Tukdam 6728:Dhyāna 6696:Mudita 6691:Karuṇā 6584:Risshū 6579:Huayan 6512:Naraka 6452:Anattā 6447:Dukkha 6442:Anicca 6347:Dharma 6299:Channa 6234:Ānanda 6219:Assaji 6186:Skanda 6089:(wife) 6058:Family 6038:Relics 5963:Sangha 5958:Dharma 5953:Buddha 5820:Ladakh 5795:Bhutan 5788:Places 5673:Phurba 5668:Ghanta 5663:Damaru 5622:Gyubum 5148:Mipham 5073:Tertön 5058:Ngakpa 5053:Khenpo 5032:Tukdam 5007:Refuge 4987:Mantra 4936:Lamrim 4931:Lamdre 4880:Jonang 4860:Bodong 4778: 4756: 4737: 4718: 4696: 4674: 4646: 4627: 4608: 4582: 4563: 4544: 4522: 4491: 4456: 4408: 4370: 4351: 4306: 4287: 4259: 4234: 4215: 4196: 4165: 3069:Naropa 3061:Tilopa 2979:) and 2725:Tilopa 2713:Saraha 2663:says: 2643:says: 2273:ekāgra 2175:, and 2147:Dharma 1968:Niguma 1964:Tilopa 1924:, and 1906:refuge 1887:Niguma 1783:, and 1674:Palyul 1515:Atisha 1466:Niguma 1462:Naropa 1458:Tilopa 1439:Saraha 1418:Tilopa 1356:, and 1312:dharma 1308:samaya 1300:mudrās 1262:mudrās 1240:, and 1238:Tilopa 1199:Saraha 1152:gnosis 1128:Indian 1043:wisdom 800:Monlam 780:Dajyur 743:Tertön 642:Ralung 637:Palcho 596:Kumbum 586:Ganden 479:Lamrim 410:Dharma 273:Jonang 249:Mipham 202:Niguma 192:Talika 113:Jonang 103:Bodong 9364:Props 9310:Asana 9235:Phowa 9230:Bardo 9225:Milam 9210:Tummo 9147:Zazen 8885:Tapas 8863:Basti 8858:Nauli 8828:Nyasa 8769:Kriyā 8730:Asana 8613:Prana 8450:Lists 8318:Kalpa 8313:Iddhi 8176:Music 8171:Mudra 8137:Vassa 8117:Vesak 8087:Budai 8033:Candi 8016:Stupa 7948:Logic 7701:Italy 7600:Tibet 7538:Nepal 7508:Korea 7503:Japan 7493:India 7488:China 7433:Sutra 7388:Texts 7338:Dōgen 7328:Hōnen 7313:Atiśa 7278:Zhiyi 7188:Achar 7156:Tulku 7151:Geshe 7136:Rōshi 7121:Ajahn 7076:Arhat 7036:Bodhi 7006:Vīrya 6923:Sacca 6918:Satya 6913:Sādhu 6901:Music 6844:Merit 6837:Terma 6797:Zazen 6733:Faith 6686:Mettā 6367:Karma 6327:Bardo 6294:Asita 6284:Khema 6274:Upāli 6259:Nanda 6097:(son) 6071:Māyā 6048:Films 5925:Index 5840:Tibet 5825:Lhasa 5698:Yidam 5693:Vajra 5683:Stupa 5658:Chöda 5637:Terma 5615:Texts 5272:Atiśa 5245:Other 5219:Gelug 5193:Kagyu 5162:Sakya 5078:Tulku 4997:Phowa 4992:Mudra 4900:Sakya 4885:Kagyu 4875:Kadam 4870:Gelug 2973:Wylie 2961:Wylie 2718:Dohas 2260:Wylie 2208:Kagyu 2192:yidam 2143:faith 2137:) or 1985:Sakya 1777:tummo 1654:Sakya 1650:Gelug 1646:Kagyu 1511:Kadam 1398:Mudrā 1304:karma 1216:by a 1209:Dohas 1078:Kagyu 1059:Hindu 1027:Wylie 1003:Wylie 823:Texts 790:Losar 748:Tulku 738:Geshe 691:Yerpa 674:Shalu 664:Sanga 659:Sakya 508:Laity 422:Karma 291:Sakya 262:Marpa 255:Kagyu 187:Atiśa 118:Gelug 108:Kagyu 98:Sakya 93:Kadam 9215:Ösel 8908:Yogi 8848:Neti 8821:List 8784:Nada 8720:Yama 8591:Nadi 8560:Yoga 8348:Pāḷi 8333:Māra 8243:Flag 7644:Iran 7568:Tuva 7513:Laos 7141:Lama 6989:Śīla 6957:Śīla 6945:Pīti 6935:Sati 6886:Puja 6807:Koan 6713:Dāna 6304:Yasa 6191:Tārā 5845:Tuva 5048:Lama 4916:Chöd 4895:Rimé 4776:ISBN 4754:ISBN 4735:ISBN 4716:ISBN 4694:ISBN 4672:ISBN 4644:ISBN 4625:ISBN 4606:ISBN 4580:ISBN 4561:ISBN 4542:ISBN 4520:ISBN 4489:ISBN 4454:ISBN 4406:ISBN 4368:ISBN 4349:ISBN 4304:ISBN 4285:ISBN 4257:ISBN 4232:ISBN 4213:ISBN 4194:ISBN 4163:ISBN 3200:Chöd 3169:Rest 3042:and 3014:and 2910:and 2690:The 2621:sees 2490:Pali 2325:(S. 2139:guru 2135:lama 1946:The 1931:The 1908:and 1892:The 1877:The 1862:The 1785:ösel 1755:and 1652:and 1558:and 1498:and 1403:Mahā 1218:guru 1173:and 1146:, a 1130:and 1082:yana 1061:and 1053:and 1045:and 721:Lama 669:Sera 652:Rato 123:Rimé 8596:Ida 8070:Art 8006:Wat 6542:Zen 4865:Bön 2967:); 2874:'s 2808:): 2738:Tib 2715:'s 2409:): 2388:): 2337:): 2066:" ( 1775:as 1662:Bon 1610:Tib 1548:Tib 1317:In 1065:." 1035:THL 1011:THL 867:Art 9459:: 7572:ru 4473:15 4471:. 4423:. 4385:. 4330:. 4251:. 3982:^ 3893:^ 3878:^ 3851:^ 3784:21 3688:^ 3663:^ 3600:^ 3583:^ 3534:^ 3505:^ 3476:^ 3399:^ 3237:^ 3166:6 3152:5 3138:4 3124:3 3110:2 3096:1 3001:, 2988:– 2975:: 2963:: 2740:. 2302:); 2280:); 2262:: 2258:, 2254:: 2250:, 2125:, 1920:, 1916:, 1912:, 1795:. 1779:, 1711:. 1680:. 1624:. 1612:. 1586:). 1550:. 1485:c. 1453:. 1350:, 1201:. 1037:: 1033:, 1029:: 1025:, 1021:: 1013:: 1009:, 1005:: 1001:, 997:: 55:on 8552:e 8545:t 8538:v 7574:) 7570:( 6788:) 6784:( 5879:e 5872:t 5865:v 4836:e 4829:t 4822:v 4784:. 4762:. 4743:. 4724:. 4702:. 4680:. 4652:. 4633:. 4614:. 4588:. 4569:. 4550:. 4528:. 4497:. 4475:. 4462:. 4414:. 4395:. 4376:. 4357:. 4312:. 4293:. 4274:. 4265:. 4240:. 4221:. 4202:. 4171:. 4152:. 4127:. 4115:. 4103:. 4091:. 3786:. 3770:. 3722:. 3698:. 3658:. 3610:. 3554:. 3261:. 2971:( 2959:( 2891:) 2887:( 2778:; 2702:( 2511:" 2333:( 2019:( 1974:. 1943:. 1928:. 1889:. 1874:. 1608:( 1579:. 1483:( 1372:( 1296:. 989:( 975:e 968:t 961:v 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.