348:
652:
262:
691:
862:
68:
52:
683:
639:. In that battle, the Mamluks used the terrain of Ain Jalut to their advantage, concealing their main army in the trees on adjacent hills before provoking the Mongols with a decoy force. When the Mongols had been lured into the ambush, the main Mamluk army attacked from all sides. Routed, the Mongols were forced to retreat to
751:, but with some limitations on his detailed vision. The Gdud began this settlement near the Ain Jalut which was known to Jews as Ein Harod. Yehuda Kopolevitz Almog, one of the Gdud's leaders, describes that in the first day the settlers set up tents and began enclosing their camp with barbwire and defensive trenches.
454:. The name "Harod" translates literally as the "spring of trembling (or anxiety)", a toponym thought to have been used "as a literary illusion to the fear and anxiety of the warriors" ahead of the battle. Stanley noted that the then modern name, "Ain Jahlood" or "Spring of Goliath" may have originated, as observed by
178:
The traditional name of Ain Jalut has been used since the 12th century and is commonly believed to mean "Spring of
Goliath". Alternative etymologies have suggested that it might be derived from the name Gilead, potentially an archaic name for Mount Gilboa. Other names given to the site include
347:
926:
This will not be the first time that our people has vanquished its enemies. The
Mongols came and swept away the Abbasid caliphate, then they came to Ain Jalut in our land – in the same region where we are today fighting the Zionists – and they were defeated at Ain
883:, which features a recreational swimming pool fed by the spring's waters. The park also contains the house built at the site by the Hankins, which has become a museum. Adjacent to this there is a war memorial for residents of the valley who died in Israel's wars.
790:. Disagreements on funds and internal politics have led Ein Harod and Tel Yosef to part ways in 1923, with many members leaving the former for the latter. The group that remained in Ein Harod included 110 members and was headed by Lavi,
478:, and thus explain the cry of Gideon ahead of his battle: "Whoever is fearful and afraid, let him return, and depart early from Mount Gilead." Schwarz alternatively explains "Mount Gilead" as a "general phrase for the whole tribe" of
1065:"'Ain Jalûd, the Fountain of Jezreel, known also as Gideon's Fountain. It flows from a cavernous recess in the base of Jebel Fukû'a (Mount Gilboa), and spreads out at once into a fine limpid pool forty or fifty feet in diameter"
1846:. Institute for Palestine Studies. 1973. p. 877, quoting "Radio Interview Statements by Central Committee Chairman Arafat of the PLO on the Efforts Being Made to Reach a Peaceful Settlement," 25 July 1970.
674:. In 1921, when the land was sold by the Sursocks, the nine families who lived here petitioned the new British administration for perpetual ownership, but were only offered a short lease with an option to buy.
201:
pitched his tent before his final battle, but this was rejected in 1847 and has gained little traction since. The spring is still sometimes known as the "Fountain of
Jezreel", as well as "Gideon's Fountain".
886:
The park has been described as "well maintained", but visitors to the site "have absolutely no way of knowing that one of the climactic battles of the Middle Ages was fought in it".
1977:
The Survey of
Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer
509:), on the other side of Mount Gilboa. Smith suggested that "Jezreel" in that context was not the city, but the name of the district in which the biblical spring was located.
1512:
Ruth Kark (2017). "Consequences of the
Ottoman Land Law: Agrarian and Privatization Processes in Palestine, 1858–1918". In Raghubir Chand, Etienne Nel and Stanko Pelc (ed.).
321:. The water emerges from the hills as they incline north towards the valleys. At this valley the waters emerge from a natural cave known as "Gideon's Cave". The spring's
902:) in the immediate vicinity of the spring. The surveyors also found a burial tomb and the remains of an oil press. Settlement remains were discovered at the adjacent
415:, in which he and his son were ultimately killed. Haparchi dismissed the connection of the spring to Goliath, suggesting that the biblical battle took place between
1717:
462:, from a confused recollection of the earlier stories, but "more probably arose from a false tradition in the 6th century". He separately noted the suggestion by
21:
1817:
The
Palestinians and the Middle East conflict: an international conference held at the Institute of Middle Eastern Studies, University of Haifa, April 1976
489:
Little consensus has emerged regarding the association of either
Biblical place name. The connection of Ain Jalut with the Jezreel spring was rejected by
1227:
594:, wrote that "The Sultan continued his march to el-Jalut, a prosperous village, near which there is a spring (ain), and here he pitched his camp".
183:" or "Ein Harod", a biblical place name that was associated with Ain Jalut in the 19th century; subsequent scholarship, specifically the work of
1395:
1379:
799:
1214:
380:, with "Jalut" presumed to be an Arabization of "Goliath". This follows a longstanding tradition of narration in relation to the spring. An
1263:
876:
1773:
1363:
747:", a settlement consisting of several farms spread on vast terrain with both agriculture and industry. His plan was approved by the
501:, the spring in Ain Jalut is much larger and is therefore more likely to be the spring where Saul set his military camp. In 1920,
1385:
1369:
1198:
353:
1353:
221:
in 1183 CE (579 AH). A later
Palestinian village was also established in the area in the late 19th century. In the 1920s, the
2078:
2043:
1901:
1887:
1825:
1696:
1529:
938:
1663:
1153:
1471:
2094:
442:, similarly associated Ain Jalut with the "Spring of Jezreel", and also suggested that this could be the same site as
1757:
1733:
1671:
1636:
1577:
1547:
The Arab settlement of Late
Ottoman and Mandatory Palestine: New Village Formation and Settlement Fixation, 1871-1948
1342:
1334:
1160:
1048:
1021:
651:
490:
250:
2118:
389:
193:
2017:
The
Historical Geography of the Holy Land Especially in Relation to the History of Israel and of the Early Church
1064:
721:
493:
in 1847, who identified the Jezreel spring as closer to the ancient city, known today as "Ein Jezreel". In 1874,
234:
1593:
Kenneth W. Stein (1980). "Legal Protection and Circumvention of Rights for Cultivators in Mandatory Palestine".
880:
870:
246:
1813:
1875:
1721:
1628:
690:
667:, who had bought the land from the Ottoman government in 1872 and established a small village in the area.
583:(586) notes "ibi est campus, ubi David Goliat occidit" in reference to a location just before Scythopolis.
463:
1915:
1346:
1322:
1208:
1193:
948:
1653:
407:
identified Ain Jalut with the biblical "Spring which is in Jezreel", as well as where the Israelite king
261:
2015:
2113:
2063:
2035:
1999:
Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838
1981:
1911:
1879:
1659:
1598:
1135:
1082:
748:
326:
802:. The group at Ein Harod continued to get little support from the Zionist organizations and after the
1989:
1105:
915:
682:
1907:
The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology
1870:
Baretz, Julie (June 2015). "Gideon at En Harod Judges 6; 7; 8:22–28 (additional reading: 8:1–21)".
580:
381:
339:
stated that the rock from which the fountain springs has been artificially hollowed into a cavern.
1963:
1850:
Preparing for Dawn: The United States and the Global Politics of Palestinian Resistance 1967-1975,
1174:
965:
191:, has refuted this connection. Other associations have also been suggested, including in the 1841
1516:. Perspectives on Geographical Marginality. Springer International Publishing. pp. 101–119.
1481:
895:
587:
562:
369:
362:
331:
206:
56:
1569:
2025:
1897:
1794:
1456:
1452:
894:
An archaeological survey conducted in the 20th century found flour mills and the remains of an
513:
435:
358:
133:
2098:
1287:
1038:
1013:
861:
778:, a school for learning Hebrew was set up in the camp. In December 1921, a second farm called
67:
2003:
1852:
1464:
521:
322:
313:
and collect in an underground water reservoir beneath the areas of the Palestinian cities of
298:
2059:
Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500
1928:"Geographical and Historical Observations on the old North Israelite Gideon tale in Judges"
1413:"Geographical and Historical Observations on the old North Israelite Gideon tale in Judges"
803:
51:
8:
2057:
1997:
1975:
1971:
1905:
1814:
Gabriel Ben-Dor; Universiṭat Ḥefah. Makhon le-ḥeḳer ṿe-limud ha-Mizraḥ ha-tikhon (1978).
1799:
989:
695:
620:
376:. In that work, the name is presumed to mean "Goliath's spring", alluding to the tale of
156:
88:
1923:
1602:
1562:
1494:
1434:
1408:
976:
845:
686:
The settlement near the spring. Mount Gilboa can be seen in the background. (1920–1925)
586:
In the 12th century, a village or a town existed next to the spring and bore its name.
525:
459:
184:
144:
2039:
2011:
1883:
1821:
1753:
1729:
1725:
1692:
1667:
1632:
1573:
1525:
1438:
1044:
1017:
783:
502:
483:
377:
282:
230:
1939:
1517:
1424:
1255:
841:
791:
763:
671:
533:
412:
404:
1962:(in French). Vol. 2: Samarie, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale. pp.
1953:
1009:
The History of Galilee, 47 BCE to 1260 CE: From Josephus and Jesus to the Crusades
806:, the members chose to move their camp from the area of the spring to the hill of
494:
336:
2072:
2029:
1957:
1841:
1815:
1007:
717:
597:
226:
124:
98:
79:
1521:
968:
The itinerary of Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela: Dr Zunz on the Geography of Palestine
659:
In the early 20th century the spring and the surrounding area were owned by the
2053:
795:
660:
529:
517:
498:
428:
397:
385:
274:
188:
148:
1606:
2107:
919:
821:
before their departure to their permanent locations. In 1949 a village named
755:
605:
36:
23:
1778:
961:
814:
767:
736:
553:
475:
294:
290:
286:
278:
270:
152:
1944:
1429:
1412:
516:
then identified the En Harod with "Ain el-Jemain", a spring in the nearby
810:, next to Tel Yosef and thus the settlement at the spring was abandoned.
740:
632:
455:
393:
302:
210:
1927:
1297:
1295:
532:
also rejected a link between En Harod and Ain Jalut, asserting that the
497:
countered that although there is a spring closer to the ancient city of
1872:
The Bible on Location: Off the Beaten Path in Ancient and Modern Israel
771:
545:
486:, writing in 1920, also noted the similarity of "Jalud" with "Gilead".
392:
folklore similarly places the location of the battle as the "fields of
1262:(in Hebrew). New York: Hadar Linotyping & Publishing co. pp.
293:. It is the largest of the springs emerging on the northern slopes of
1993:
1407:
1292:
922:
referred to the modern area in the context of the historical battle:
837:
779:
754:
The first 74 members pioneers were split into two groups. One of the
729:
703:
609:
549:
306:
242:
214:
1959:
Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine
1689:
Neither Town Nor Village - the Architecture of the Kibbutz 1910-1990
505:
in 1920 identified the "fountain which is in Jezreel" in Ein Ganim (
899:
813:
The spring continued to be used as a camp site for the pioneers of
759:
557:
479:
443:
180:
368:
The spring is first recorded as Ain Jalut in the 12th century by
725:
713:
636:
624:
613:
537:
474:". Schwarz suggested that this might reminisce an older name for
373:
310:
238:
222:
218:
164:
160:
1549:. PhD Thesis, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. pp. 155, 185.
600:
mentions Ain Jalut as "a small and pleasant town, lying between
470:, that the name "Jalud" could instead be derived from the name "
2074:
The Sacred Land: Volume 3: Legends of Galilee, Jordan and Sinai
903:
826:
822:
818:
744:
664:
640:
628:
601:
541:
471:
451:
447:
420:
314:
168:
159:. This was a major turning point in world history that saw the
1219:
1217:
830:
807:
787:
775:
712:
Bloc" after a nearby Arab village, was instead bought by the
709:
670:
The area was acquired by the Jewish community as part of the
506:
424:
416:
318:
172:
60:
770:. In the first months, the settlers sowed fields, planted a
520:
valley. En Harod was associated with Ain Jalut again by the
408:
297:. The source of the spring as well as other springs in the
245:, near the spring. The site is today incorporated into the
198:
63:
to the northeast, and Nuris and Rihaniyeh to the southeast
1136:"Meet Ma'ayan Harod National Park: Geography and Geology"
743:, among the leaders of the Gdud, had envisioned the "Big
1691:(in Hebrew). Israel: Yad Yitzhak Tabenkin. p. 101.
786:) was established by members of the Gdud on the hill of
384:
mentioned in the year 333/334, a place near the city of
1792:
918:
was named "Ain Jalut", after the battle. In July 1970,
1495:"Battle of Ayn Jalut | Summary | Britannica"
2031:
Sinai and Palestine: In Connection with Their History
906:
and the nearby Giv'at Yehonatan ("Jonathan's Hill").
325:
is about 360 cubic meters per hour. According to the
1922:
1807:
1301:
1233:
739:, a Zionist work group, to settle in the territory.
560:
also located the battle next to the Jordan River in
138:
118:
106:
1116:
1043:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 115–.
898:dated to Islamic times (either before or after the
197:, which linked it to the "spring in Jezreel" where
1932:Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft
1752:. Israel: Ministry of Defense. 2005. p. 202.
1561:
1514:Societies, Social Inequalities and Marginalization
1461:The Life of Saladin. By Behâ Ed-Dîn. 1137-1193 A.D
1417:Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft
209:there was a prosperous village at the site in the
2105:
1592:
1341:. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: William Whyte And Co,
1896:
1189:
1544:
1036:
277:. While the Jezreel Valley is drained via the
229:purchased the surrounding area as part of the
1988:
1686:
1655:The Hope Fulfilled: The Rise of Modern Israel
1254:
1223:
301:to the east, comes from fresh rainwater that
167:that ultimately halted their invasion of the
1651:
1559:
1451:
960:
840:community split into two separate entities,
113:
1982:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund
1912:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund
1793:Aviva and Shmuel Bar-Am (18 January 2014).
1774:"Labour village on the foothills of Gilboa"
1712:Buchman, Yossi; Gal, Yitzhak, eds. (2001).
1333:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1030:
971:. A. Asher & Company. pp. 429–430.
608:Province. The place was taken by the Rumi (
403:In the 14th century, the Jewish geographer
382:anonymous Christian traveler from Burdigala
351:The entry on the spring from the 1881 book
342:
2093:Survey of Western Palestine (SWP), Map 9:
2052:
1711:
1487:
1477:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1204:
914:One of the three original brigades of the
285:, the Harod Valley is drained through the
155:that was the location of the 13th-century
1943:
1511:
1428:
1185:
1183:
655:Ain Jalud at the turn of the 20th century
265:Gideon Cave, from which the waters emerge
1307:
1154:"Welcome to Ma'ayan Harod National Park"
1001:
999:
860:
825:was established next to the spring for
774:grove, paved roads and dried swamps. An
689:
681:
650:
524:in 1903, and by Smith in 1920. In 2017,
346:
260:
163:inflict the first of two defeats on the
66:
59:, surrounded by Zerin to the northwest,
50:
2024:
1283:
1270:
1258:(1957–1958). Blumenfeld, Joseph (ed.).
354:Picturesque Palestine, Sinai, and Egypt
2106:
2070:
1970:
1952:
1869:
1463:. Translated by Conder, C.R. pp.
1359:
1239:
1180:
1122:
1005:
944:
909:
2079:Jewish Publication Society of America
2010:
1820:. Turtledove Pub. pp. 179, 187.
1618:
1616:
1391:
1375:
1318:
1250:
1248:
996:
388:where biblical David killed Goliath.
205:According to the medieval chronicler
2020:. New York: George H. Doran company.
1843:International Documents on Palestine
1622:
1100:
1098:
1096:
677:
446:, a place mentioned in the story of
16:Spring in the Jezreel Valley, Israel
1411:and Oded Lipschits (7 March 2017).
1110:The Archaeological Survey of Israel
1040:The History of the Mongol Conquests
273:, which is the eastern part of the
128:
114:
102:
83:
13:
1926:; Lipschits, Oded (7 March 2017).
1786:
1613:
1245:
1146:
722:Palestine Land Development Company
574:
468:Descriptive Geography of Palestine
235:Palestine Land Development Company
14:
2130:
2087:
1343:National Digital Library of India
1161:Israel Nature and Parks Authority
1140:Israel Nature and Parks Authority
1093:
1087:Israel Nature and Parks Authority
251:Israel Nature and Parks Authority
1795:"118 steps to a pioneer's house"
1595:Palestinian Society and Politics
1302:Finkelstein & Lipschits 2017
1037:J. J. Saunders (29 March 2001).
856:
735:In 1921, Hankin sent members of
289:("Wadi Jalud" in Arabic) to the
194:Biblical Researches in Palestine
1862:
1834:
1766:
1742:
1705:
1680:
1645:
1586:
1553:
1538:
1505:
1445:
1401:
1327:
1167:
851:
646:
1128:
1075:
1057:
954:
889:
1:
1782:(in Hebrew). 1 December 1949.
1714:New Israel Guide: The Valleys
1568:. Transaction Books. p.
1083:"Ma'ayan Harod National Park"
931:
411:prepared his army before the
269:The spring is located in the
93:'Harod's spring') or
1876:University of Nebraska Press
1848:Also in Paul T. Chamberlin,
1012:. Lexington Books. pp.
875:The spring is now part of a
256:
7:
1522:10.1007/978-3-319-50998-3_8
1190:Conder & Kitchener 1882
1069:The New York Public Library
881:Ma'ayan Harod National Park
871:Ma'ayan Harod National Park
865:Ma'ayan Harod National Park
332:Survey of Western Palestine
247:Ma'ayan Harod National Park
151:on the northwest corner of
139:
119:
107:
10:
2135:
2064:Palestine Exploration Fund
2036:Cambridge University Press
1880:Jewish Publication Society
1660:Greenwood Publishing Group
1599:Princeton University Press
1564:The Claim of Dispossession
868:
749:World Zionist Organization
701:
569:
1750:Israel - Sites and Places
1224:Robinson & Smith 1841
916:Palestine Liberation Army
766:, and the other from the
548:chased the Midianites to
536:actually took place near
458:in his 1866 geography of
213:. It was captured by the
1623:Aner, Zeev, ed. (1998).
581:Itinerarium Burdigalense
343:Names and identification
2119:Gilboa Regional Council
2026:Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn
2002:. Vol. 3. Boston:
1910:. Vol. 2. London:
1898:Conder, Claude Reignier
1545:Seth Frantzman (2010).
1457:Conder, Claude Reignier
1453:Wilson, Charles William
588:Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad
563:Antiquities of the Jews
552:, which is east of the
370:Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad
363:PEF Survey of Palestine
207:Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad
57:PEF Survey of Palestine
55:Ain Jalut in the 1870s
2004:Crocker & Brewster
1718:Keter Publishing House
1687:Freddy Kahana (2011).
1006:Silver, M. M. (2021).
929:
866:
699:
687:
656:
514:Claude Reignier Conder
436:Arthur Penrhyn Stanley
365:
359:Charles William Wilson
266:
249:, administered by the
72:
64:
1945:10.1515/zaw-2017-0005
1853:Ohio State University
1652:Leslie Stein (2003).
1629:Ministry of Defensive
1627:(in Hebrew). Israel:
1560:Arieh Avneri (1984).
1430:10.1515/zaw-2017-0005
924:
864:
708:The land, named the "
693:
685:
654:
635:under the command of
522:Encyclopaedia Biblica
434:In the 19th century,
350:
264:
70:
54:
2071:Vilnay, Zev (1978).
1631:. pp. 176–177.
804:1929 Palestine riots
758:, former members of
464:Rabbi Joseph Schwarz
372:in his biography of
2062:. Committee of the
1924:Finkelstein, Israel
1800:The Times of Israel
1722:Ministry of Defense
1260:Knob and the Flower
910:Legacy of Ain Jalut
732:, near the spring.
724:. Hankin founded a
696:Survey of Palestine
621:Battle of Ain Jalut
616:in 579 (1183 CE)."
604:and Baisan, in the
544:), after which the
450:'s battle with the
440:Sinai and Palestine
438:, in his 1856 book
157:Battle of Ain Jalut
71:Ma'ayan Harod, 2017
37:32.5506°N 35.3569°E
33: /
2038:(published 2010).
2012:Smith, George Adam
1882:. pp. 37–51.
1499:www.britannica.com
1409:Israel Finkelstein
1339:Lands Of The Bible
1173:Guérin, 1874, pp.
867:
846:Ein Harod (Meuhad)
728:, which he called
700:
688:
657:
612:), and retaken by
556:. They noted that
526:Israel Finkelstein
366:
299:Beit She'an Valley
267:
241:, which he called
185:Israel Finkelstein
73:
65:
2114:Springs of Israel
2099:Wikimedia commons
2045:978-1-108-01754-1
1889:978-0-8276-1189-4
1827:978-965-200-001-9
1726:Yedioth Aharonoth
1698:978-965-282-107-2
1658:. United States:
1625:Sipurei Kibbutzim
1531:978-3-319-50997-6
1256:Haparchi, Ishtori
827:Jewish immigratns
784:Joseph Trumpeldor
678:Kibbutz Ein Harod
503:George Adam Smith
484:George Adam Smith
378:David and Goliath
283:Mediterranean Sea
231:Sursock Purchases
143:) is an all-year
137:
92:
2126:
2082:
2077:. Philadelphia:
2067:
2049:
2021:
2007:
1990:Robinson, Edward
1985:
1967:
1949:
1947:
1938:(1): 14–15, 17.
1919:
1893:
1856:
1847:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1567:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1491:
1485:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1432:
1423:(1): 14–15, 17.
1405:
1399:
1389:
1383:
1373:
1367:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1331:
1325:
1316:
1305:
1304:, p. 14–15.
1299:
1290:
1281:
1268:
1267:
1252:
1243:
1237:
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2016:
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1972:Palmer, E.H.
1958:
1935:
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1906:
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1863:Bibliography
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1779:Al HaMishmar
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962:Leopold Zunz
956:
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893:
885:
874:
852:21st century
835:
815:Beit HaShita
812:
800:David Maletz
768:Third Aliyah
753:
737:Gdud HaAvoda
734:
707:
669:
658:
647:20th century
618:
596:
591:
585:
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561:
554:Jordan River
540:(modern day
511:
488:
476:Mount Gilboa
467:
439:
433:
402:
367:
352:
330:
295:Mount Gilboa
291:Jordan River
287:Harod Stream
279:Kishon River
271:Harod Valley
268:
233:through the
204:
192:
177:
153:Mount Gilboa
105:
94:
75:
74:
18:
1662:. pp.
1360:Guérin 1874
1345:. pp.
1335:John Wilson
1240:Vilnay 1978
1123:Baretz 2015
945:Palmer 1881
890:Archaeology
879:called the
741:Shlomo Lavi
633:Hulagu Khan
518:Beit She'an
491:John Wilson
456:Carl Ritter
211:Middle Ages
140:ain djeluth
40: /
2108:Categories
1914:. p.
1716:. Israel:
1480:, p.
1394:, p.
1392:Smith 1920
1378:, p.
1376:Smith 1920
1362:, p.
1321:, p.
1319:Smith 1920
1286:, p.
1226:, p.
1207:, p.
1192:, p.
986:|url=
947:, p.
932:References
772:eucalyptus
546:Israelites
452:Midianites
427:, not the
357:edited by
335:in 1882,
120:‘ayn Jālūd
108:‘ayn Jālūt
84:מעיין חרוד
28:35°21′25″E
25:32°33′02″N
1994:Smith, E.
1439:171934110
977:cite book
838:Ein Harod
780:Tel Yosef
730:Ein Harod
716:activist
704:Ein Harod
610:Crusaders
590:, in his
512:In 1882,
460:Palestine
396:" in the
309:hills of
307:limestone
305:into the
303:percolate
257:Geography
243:Ein Harod
225:activist
215:Crusaders
134:romanized
115:عين جالود
103:عين جالوت
95:Ain Jalut
2056:(1890).
2028:(1856).
2014:(1920).
1996:(1841).
1974:(1881).
1956:(1874).
1904:(1882).
1337:(1847).
964:(1841).
900:Crusades
896:aqueduct
760:Hashomer
631:army of
606:Filastin
558:Josephus
480:Manasseh
444:En Harod
181:En Harod
1964:308-310
1364:308-310
1288:337-338
1163:. 2018.
988:value (
782:(after
726:kibbutz
714:Zionist
637:Kitbuqa
625:Mamluks
619:In the
614:Saladin
570:History
550:Succoth
538:Shechem
499:Jezreel
394:Megiddo
386:Jezreel
374:Saladin
311:Samaria
281:to the
239:kibbutz
223:Zionist
219:Saladin
165:Mongols
161:Mamluks
147:in the
136::
91:
2042:
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1855:, 2009
1824:
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1732:
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984:Check
927:Jalut.
904:Gidona
823:Gidona
819:Dovrat
745:Kvutza
694:1940s
665:Beirut
641:Beisan
629:Mongol
602:Nablus
542:Nablus
472:Gilead
448:Gideon
421:Azekah
315:Nablus
169:Levant
145:spring
125:Hebrew
123:, and
112:, or
99:Arabic
80:Hebrew
1603:JSTOR
1435:S2CID
1157:(PDF)
831:Yemen
829:from
808:Qumya
788:Qumya
776:Ulpan
710:Nuris
663:from
507:Jenin
425:Judea
423:, in
417:Sokho
319:Jenin
173:Egypt
129:גילות
61:Qumya
2040:ISBN
1884:ISBN
1822:ISBN
1754:ISBN
1730:ISBN
1693:ISBN
1668:ISBN
1633:ISBN
1574:ISBN
1526:ISBN
1177:-310
1045:ISBN
1018:ISBN
990:help
966:429
844:and
817:and
798:and
762:and
579:The
528:and
419:and
409:Saul
329:'s
317:and
199:Saul
187:and
171:and
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2095:IAA
1940:doi
1936:129
1916:116
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1518:doi
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1425:doi
1421:129
1396:397
1380:402
1323:397
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1014:308
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