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424:. The pamphlets at first denounced Catholicism from a radical Lutheran perspective, but soon started to proclaim that the Bible called for the absolute equality of man in all matters, including the distribution of wealth. The pamphlets, which were distributed throughout northern Germany, called upon the poor of the region to join the citizens of Münster to share the wealth of the town and benefit spiritually from being
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and his sympathisers, and the nonresistant
Anabaptists. At this meeting, the major areas of dispute between the sects were polygamous marriage and the use of force against non-believers. Joris proposed compromise by declaring the time had not yet come to fight against the authorities, and that it
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With so many
Anabaptist adherents in the town, Rothmann and his allies had little difficulty obtaining possession of it at the elections for the magistracy and placing Bernhard Knipperdolling as the mayor, after deposing the mainly Lutheran magistrates, who, until then, had seen him as an ally in
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The Münster
Rebellion was a turning point for the Anabaptist movement. It never again had the opportunity of assuming political importance, as both Catholic and Lutheran civil powers adopted stringent measures to counter this. It is difficult to trace the subsequent history of the group as a
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baptism" that day, and well over 1000 adults were soon baptised. Vigorous preparations were made not only to hold what had been gained but to spread their beliefs to other areas. The many
Lutherans who left were outnumbered by the arriving Anabaptists. There was an orgy of
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stream of
Anabaptism seen at Münster. They were polygamous and believed force was justified against anyone not in their sect. Their movement went underground after the suppression of the Münster Rebellion, with members posing as Catholics or Lutherans as necessary. Some
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After lengthy resistance, the city was taken by the besiegers on June 24, 1535, and John of Leiden and several other prominent
Anabaptist leaders were captured and imprisoned. In January 1536, John of Leiden, Bernhard Knipperdolling and one more prominent follower,
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The 25-year-old John of Leiden was subsequently recognized as
Matthys' religious and political successor, justifying his authority and actions by claiming visions from heaven. His authority grew until eventually he proclaimed himself the successor of
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in the marketplace for refusing to marry him, though this act might have been falsely attributed to him after his death.) Meanwhile, most of the residents of Münster were starving as a result of the year-long siege.
109:
444:. John of Leiden and Gerrit Boekbinder had visited Münster, and returned with a report that Bernhard Rothmann was in Münster teaching doctrines similar to their own. Matthys identified Münster as the "
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in cathedrals and monasteries, and rebaptism became compulsory. The property of emigrants was shared out with the poor, and soon a proclamation was issued that all property was to be held in common.
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would be unwise to kill any non-Anabaptists. The gathered
Anabaptists agreed to the compromise of no more force, but the meeting did not prevent the fragmentation of Anabaptism.
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485:. He and his followers were cut off and taken. Matthys was killed, his head placed on a pole for all in the city to see, and his genitals nailed to the city gate.
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Historical drawing of the execution of the leaders of the rebellion. In the background the cages are already in place at the old steeple of St. Lambert's Church.
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Narrative of the
Anabaptist Madness: The Overthrow of Münster, the Famous Metropolis of Westphalia (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions; 132)
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477:, Matthys, who had prophesied God's judgment to come on the wicked on that day, led a procession from the city with twelve followers, as he
566:, Dutch Anabaptist leaders who repudiated the distinctive doctrines of the Münster Anabaptists. This group eventually became known as the
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was a tireless and vitriolic opponent of
Catholicism and a writer of pamphlets that were published by his ally, the wealthy wool merchant
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In the Shadow of "Savage Wolves": Anabaptist Münster and the German Reformation During the 1530s (Studies in Central European Histories)
514:, were tortured and executed in the marketplace of Münster. Their bodies were exhibited in cages which hung from the steeple of
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after Simons. They rejected any use of violence and preached a faith based on compassion and love of enemy.
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1144:. Translated with introduction and notes by Christopher S. Mackay. Brill Academic Publishers, 2007;
973:"BOOK REVIEW / Paperbacks: The Garden of Earthly Delights by Nicholas Salaman, Flamingo pounds 6.99"
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in an attempt to maintain unity. The meeting included followers of Batenburg, survivors of Münster,
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871:] (in Finnish). Translated by Kilpeläinen, Tapani. Tampere: niin & näin. p. 123.
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392:(1532–1535). Here the Anabaptists had gained considerable influence, through the adhesion of
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offers a more in depth look at attempts to rehabilitate the Anabaptist label after Münster
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722:) (1993), German historical mini-series that portrays the events of the Münster Rebellion
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The city was under Anabaptist rule from February 1534, when the city hall was seized and
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In August 1536, the leaders of Anabaptist groups influenced by Melchior Hoffman met in
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Cages of the leaders of the Münster Rebellion at the steeple of St. Lambert's Church.
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New Jerusalem: The short life and terrible death of Christendom's most defiant sect
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Captured citizens brought before an Anabaptist leader during the Münster rebellion.
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Anabaptism, that helped lay the foundations for the events of 1534–35 in Münster.
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According to a contemporary source, about 3,000 people died during the siege.
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Conversations – ABC Radio: The blood-soaked history of the Münster Anabaptists
664:(1974), immersive drama written and performed by Strathclyde Theatre Group in
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compulsory, and he himself took sixteen wives. (John is said to have beheaded
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their own distrust of, and dislike for, Catholics. Matthys was a follower of
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Dan Carlin's podcast which addresses the subject of The Münster Rebellion.
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935:[Playing rule for an Anabaptist film] (in German). Archived from
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404:(also spelled Matthijs, Mathijsz, Matthyssen, Mathyszoon), a baker from
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The Tailor King: The Rise and Fall of the Anabaptist Kingdom of Munster
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religious body, through changes in the names used and beliefs held.
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384:(1524–1525), a forceful attempt to establish theocracy was made at
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to establish a communal sectarian government in the German city of
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and adopted royal regalia, honors, and absolute power in the new "
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518:. The bones were removed later, but the cages hang there still.
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413:
830:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. p. 222.
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pastor, and several prominent citizens and leaders, including
325:, "Anabaptist dominion of Münster") was an attempt by radical
19:"Munster Rebellion" redirects here. For other rebellions, see
1379:
1246:
706:(unpublished manuscripts in various libraries, including the
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804:, whose main character composes an opera retelling the story
494:
1068:
Communism in Central Europe in the Time of the Reformation
1214:"Der wedderdoeper eidt" / oath of the Münster Anabaptists
118:
in 1534. The picture shows the first attack at Pentecost.
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to a libretto by the composer after the play by Saramago
348:
installed as mayor, until its fall in June 1535. It was
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in the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online
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901:
844:
828:
A Companion to Anabaptism and Spiritualism, 1521–1700
1182:
1225:"German Zion: The Anabaptist Rebellion at Munster"
114:The city of Münster under siege by prince bishop
1733:
1231:BBC Radio 4. In Our Time: The Siege of Münster.
999:Speak to Her Kindly: A Novel of the Anabaptists
781:Speak to Her Kindly: A Novel of the Anabaptists
545:under Jan van Batenburg preserved the violent
1262:
1110:Freaks of Fanaticism and Other Strange Events
897:http://www.westfaelische-geschichte.de/lit308
689:
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713:
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440:, including Bockelson, who became known as
16:16th-century political rebellion in Germany
1269:
1255:
869:The Reformation: A Very Short Introduction
670:St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (Episcopal)
603:(1594), first English picaresque novel by
108:
1112:, by Sabine Baring-Gould, Gutenberg, 1891
824:"Chapter 6: The Melchoirites and Münster"
473:, its expelled bishop. In April 1534, on
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
1043:. Sixteenth Century Journal Publishers.
1038:
919:
907:
862:
763:(1994) by Nicholas Salaman, named after
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371:
304:
39:This article includes a list of general
1034:. London: Temple Smith (& Paladin).
996:
960:] (TV-series) (in German). Germany.
933:"Spielregel für einen Wiedertäuferfilm"
826:. In Roth, John; Stayer, James (eds.).
821:
633:that highly fictionalizes the rebellion
1734:
1227:, Historical article about the Revolt.
1412:Schwarzenau (German Baptist) Brethren
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25:
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753:) (1993), German-language opera by
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13:
1123:. Sydney: Random House Australia.
1059:
702:, translated by Lauren Friesen as
680:Rules For a Film about Anabaptists
45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
21:Munster Rebellion (disambiguation)
14:
1788:
1201:Zürich: Seedbed of Radical Change
1178:
1039:Williams, George Hunston (1992).
1716:
1185:
765:the painting by Hieronymus Bosch
658:) (1968) by Marguerite Yourcenar
452:. Rothmann apparently accepted "
412:(or Beukelszoon), a tailor from
269:
244:
30:
1084:in the US), by Peter Vansittart
990:
971:Blake, Robin (August 6, 1994).
1565:Separation of church and state
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885:
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761:The Garden of Earthly Delights
94:Anabaptist Dominion of Münster
1:
1777:1535 in the Holy Roman Empire
1772:1534 in the Holy Roman Empire
1482:Dordrecht Confession of Faith
1032:The Pursuit of the Millennium
808:
554:Anabaptists found leaders in
1162:. Boston: Humanities Press.
524:
367:
7:
1560:Priesthood of all believers
1499:Anabaptist–Jewish relations
893:The Anabaptists in Münster.
335:Prince-Bishopric of Münster
265:Prince-Bishopric of Münster
252:Prince-Bishopric of Münster
10:
1793:
1545:Nonconformity to the world
1439:Apostolic Christian Church
997:Rainbow, Jonathan (2003).
783:(2003) by Jonathan Rainbow
708:Graduate Theological Union
18:
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1635:
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1507:
1452:
1427:Brethren in Christ Church
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674:Edinburgh Festival Fringe
600:The Unfortunate Traveller
469:The city was besieged by
360:in 1530, and his line of
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1422:Old Order River Brethren
1142:Hermann von Kerssenbroch
863:Marshall, Peter (2017).
745:Divara – Wasser und Blut
464:
1723:Christianity portal
1368:Conservative Mennonites
1041:The Radical Reformation
751:Divara, Water and Blood
422:Bernhard Knipperdolling
346:Bernhard Knipperdolling
333:– then under the large
323:Täuferreich von Münster
97:Täuferreich von Münster
60:more precise citations.
1752:History of Anabaptists
1515:Theology of Anabaptism
1477:Schleitheim Confession
1292:Protestant Reformation
1156:Haude, Sigrun (2000).
1105:Fritz Reck-Malleczewen
953:König der letzten Tage
822:Klötzer, Ralf (2007).
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294:North Rhine-Westphalia
211:• Disestablished
190:Protestant Reformation
1767:Rebellions in Germany
1236:"Hardcore History 48"
1090:, by Anthony Arthur,
958:King of the Last Days
891:Stiff, Ursula. 1990.
720:King of the Last Days
593:
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503:Elisabeth Wandscherer
375:
308:
1747:Christian radicalism
1460:German Peasants' War
1363:Old Order Mennonites
950:Toelle, Tom (1993).
700:Friedrich Dürrenmatt
516:St. Lambert's Church
382:German Peasants' War
1742:Christian communism
1530:Freedom of religion
1525:Christian communism
1297:Radical Reformation
1219:Münster Anabaptists
1193:Christianity portal
853:, pp. 262–264.
201:• Established
1762:Polygamy in Europe
1757:History of Münster
1675:Balthasar Hubmaier
1597:Believer's baptism
1494:Old Order Movement
1373:Russian Mennonites
1206:2018-03-20 at the
1078:The Friends of God
895:Slide 07, p. 28f.
736:) (1993), play by
698:) (1980), play by
637:The Friends of God
595:
535:
512:Bernhard Krechting
378:
311:
1729:
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1680:Bernhard Rothmann
1520:Church discipline
1465:Münster rebellion
1327:Congregationalism
1001:. Pleasant Word.
878:978-952-7189-11-5
837:978-90-04-15402-5
800:(2014), novel by
666:Glasgow Cathedral
631:Giacomo Meyerbeer
629:(1849), opera by
558:and the brothers
471:Franz von Waldeck
418:Bernhard Rothmann
394:Bernhard Rothmann
339:Holy Roman Empire
315:Münster rebellion
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171:• 1534-1535
116:Franz von Waldeck
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1602:Closed communion
1395:Amish Mennonites
1322:Zwickau prophets
1317:German mysticism
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479:believed himself
434:Melchior Hoffman
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350:Melchior Hoffman
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734:In God's Name
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1695:Jakob Ammann
1690:Menno Simons
1685:Dirk Philips
1670:Jakob Hutter
1607:Foot washing
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1402:Abecedarians
1390:Beachy Amish
1353:Batenburgers
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1073:Karl Kautsky
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1028:Cohn, Norman
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556:Menno Simons
552:nonresistant
543:Batenburgers
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1638:Anabaptists
1617:Plain dress
1592:Agape feast
1569:free church
1540:Memorialism
1302:Waldensians
1020:Works cited
865:Reformaatio
791:Anita Mason
755:Azio Corghi
672:during the
625:Le prophète
579:David Joris
481:the second
428:of Heaven.
402:Jan Matthys
327:Anabaptists
229:Preceded by
58:introducing
1736:Categories
1665:Hans Denck
1645:Felix Manz
1358:Mennonites
1348:Hutterites
1285:Background
1278:Anabaptism
1169:0391041002
1096:0312205155
809:References
789:(2003) by
787:Perfection
774:(1999) by
639:(1963) by
615:(1704) by
568:Mennonites
459:iconoclasm
390:Westphalia
380:After the
358:Strasbourg
149:theocratic
144:Government
138:Anabaptism
41:references
1585:Practices
1434:Bruderhof
1117:Ham, Paul
1101:Bockelson
1082:The Siege
851:Cohn 1970
646:The Abyss
525:Aftermath
426:the elect
368:Rebellion
147:Communal
134:Religion
103:1534–1535
66:June 2020
1622:Shunning
1555:Pacifism
1508:Theology
1204:Archived
1119:(2018).
1030:(1970).
499:polygamy
398:Lutheran
152:monarchy
1636:Notable
1612:Ordnung
1488:Ausbund
1453:History
982:May 30,
575:Bocholt
406:Haarlem
386:Münster
337:in the
331:Münster
298:Germany
290:Münster
128:Münster
124:Capital
54:improve
1336:Groups
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483:Gideon
414:Leiden
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396:, the
319:German
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43:, but
1380:Amish
1140:, by
1103:, by
1071:, by
956:[
867:[
797:Orfeo
491:David
465:Siege
388:, in
1164:ISBN
1146:ISBN
1125:ISBN
1092:ISBN
1045:ISBN
1003:ISBN
984:2024
873:ISBN
832:ISBN
668:and
562:and
560:Obbe
541:The
495:Zion
313:The
158:King
356:in
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