370:
336:
54:
33:
1044:, Colonsay, Scotland " I was intrigued to discover that the common name of lycium halimifolium is the Duke of Argyll's Tea-tree or Teaplant and was keen to discover how this name came about. I succeeded with the help of my friend Craig ( nice Scottish name ) at Kew Gardens Library and a historical Who's Who. Accessed November 2006
406:, shorter than the tube, 10–12 mm long and 3–4 mm wide, sometimes 2–lipped, strongly curved. The sepals are whitish on the lower side (facing towards the branch) and deep mauve on the top side. Each flower has five stamens, exserted for 3–8 mm, with stalks longer than the
457:
In the
Northern Hemisphere, flowering occurs from June through September and berry maturation from August to October, depending on the latitude, altitude, and climate. Where frost does not occur fruiting is continuous and plants do not lose their leaves.
360:
shrub that typically grows to a height of 1–3 metres (3 ft 3 in – 9 ft 10 in). It is characterised by its weak arching branches, and the side branches are often reduced to short leafless spines.
554:
launched a project to improve the regulations protecting traditional countryside hedgerows, and specifically mentioned Duke of Argyll's Tea Tree as one of the species to be found growing in hedges located in
494:, totaling 200,000 acres as of 2005, The region produced 13,000 tons of fruit in 2001, accounting for 42% of the nation's total production of goji berries. The plant is also cultivated in the
582:
plants into the United
Kingdom from most countries outside Europe is illegal, due to the possibility they could be vectors of diseases attacking Solanaceae crops, such as potato or tomato.
990:
876:
605:. It is often found growing in disturbed sites, native bushland, and riverbanks, often forming dense thickets along the latter. It overlaps and is often confused with
454:
The plants are self-pollinating, but may be cross pollinated by insects. The species is dispersed into natural areas by birds and other animals that eat its fruit.
1773:
551:
383:
leaves form on the shoot either in an alternating arrangement, or in bundles of up to three. Each leaf is green, scarcely fleshy when fresh, usually
387:(spearhead-shaped), sometimes with rounded tips. Clustered leaves are up to 25 mm long; the single alternate leaves are up to 55 mm long.
1447:
1014:
1522:
1033:
1309:
446:
and fruit size, ranging from 10 to 60. The seeds are about 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, yellowish, compressed with a curved embryo.
1630:
1540:
1395:
597:
became naturalised in south-eastern coastal and sub-coastal regions, and is regarded as an environmental weed in the provinces of
1460:
1408:
848:
839:
1558:
303:
509:
are the only therapeutic grade ("superior-grade") kinds of wolfberries used by practitioners of traditional
Chinese medicine.
1488:
938:
911:
website, from "Bildatlas der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen
Deutschlands" by H. Haeupler and T. Muer, 2000. Accessed on 2018-05-04.
1609:
1465:
1788:
1076:
1056:
1003:
Staff reporter, China's first provincial-level wolfberry association established, People's Daily Online, August 19, 2001.
1343:
1304:
1783:
955:
1697:
1527:
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543:
for hedging, especially in coastal districts. Its red berries are attractive to a wide variety of
British birds.
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1563:
972:
1648:
369:
1778:
1509:
844:
483:
1387:
1361:
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1107:): Phytochemistry, pharmacology and safety in the perspective of traditional uses and recent popularity".
1270:
1656:
1260:
1255:
1232:
316:
1001:
1748:
1643:
1413:
830:
402:, eventually ruptured by the growing berry, is a whitish tube crowned by five or six radial triangular
1012:
253:
native to China, with present-day range across Asia and southeast Europe. It is one of two species of
1753:
1550:
1483:
1213:
1768:
53:
1501:
1030:
1635:
1382:
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1296:
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1063:
Department for
Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 15 January 2003. Retrieved 6 September 2006.
1452:
1356:
1175:
1138:
922:
1156:
931:
Landscape plants for eastern North
America: exclusive of Florida and the immediate Gulf Coast
902:
170:
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present in the fruit, root, and other parts of the plants have been studied in some detail.
1758:
1589:
1317:
598:
8:
1161:
782:
607:
442:
is split deeply once or twice. The number of seeds in each berry varies widely based on
415:
1622:
1715:
1369:
1147:
487:
194:
48:
1584:
1278:
992:
Xinhua News Agency, Opening ceremonies of
Ningxia wolfberry festival, August 3, 2005.
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The shrub is an important commercial crop in northern China, especially in the
295:
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1054:
Government
Launches Consultation On Future Of Legal Protection For Hedgerows
699:
The compounds present in the roots have been less studied, but they include
1674:
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479:
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32:
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482:, for more than 600 years. It is still extensively cultivated in the
435:
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117:
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Department for
Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, April, 2008.
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berry 1–2 cm (0.39–0.79 in) in diameter. The fruiting
310:
1322:
612:
513:
411:
407:
403:
147:
1021:
Yunyun L. Dry no more. BeijingReview.com.cn, October 11, 2008.
474:
has been cultivated in China, along the fertile aggradational
723:
719:
718:
The leaves are known to contain the flavonoids quercetin 3-O-
399:
250:
65:
958:. The Telegraph, Telegraph Media Group Limited, London, UK.
790:– another medicinal plant that somewhat resembles wolfberry
767:
431:
391:
357:
262:
629:
The main compounds in the fruit (23% of the dry mass) are
722:-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-glucoside,
711:, and β-sitosterol . Of particular interest are cyclic
414:
is 8–11.5 mm long. The anthers are longitudinally
390:
The flowers grow in groups of one to three in the leaf
346:, by Prof. Dr. Otto Wilhelm Thomé, 1885, Gera, Germany.
933:. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. p. 326.
552:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
344:Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz
265:berry or wolfberry is harvested, the other being
1735:
306:who introduced it in the country in the 1730s.
953:
641:pigments are the second major group, chiefly
461:
539:has been used since the 18th century in the
1774:Plants used in traditional Chinese medicine
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875:Government of South Australia (2007), "
849:United States Department of Agriculture
840:Germplasm Resources Information Network
546:The plant continues to grow wild in UK
1736:
962:
862:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
512:As Ningxia's borders merge with three
304:Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll
1174:
1173:
920:
611:, a similar species originating from
364:
1698:b444fc90-e298-43f5-abb1-4c1a4d23199e
1551:f6f30310-f64b-4df0-b5ce-49edc40c610b
1139:Native Plant Identification Network
1111:, volume 76, issue 1, pages 7-19.
883:Electronic Flora of South Australia
814:
648:. Other detected compounds include
13:
956:"Goji berries: The new superfruit"
14:
1800:
1124:
954:McAdam, Diana (12 October 2007).
692:, common in plants of the family
531:
524:and reclaim irrigable soils from
496:Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
1649:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:816356-1
1099:Olivier Potterat (2010): "Goji (
1074:Prohibited Import of Goji Plants
981:website. Accessed on 2018-05-04.
52:
1066:
1047:
1024:
1006:
971:Queensland Government (2016), "
449:
995:
947:
921:Flint, Harrison Leigh (1997).
914:
800:
330:
1:
845:Agricultural Research Service
794:
484:Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
274:Common names of the plant in
1031:A Touch Of Argyll In Norfolk
618:
585:
7:
1789:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
761:
520:is also planted to control
10:
1805:
889:). Accessed on 2018-05-04.
676:. Other compounds include
550:. On 15 January 2003, the
462:Occurrence and cultivation
434:, is a bright orange-red,
16:Species of flowering plant
1182:
300:Duke of Argyll's tea tree
200:
193:
176:
169:
49:Scientific classification
47:
39:
30:
23:
1784:Plants described in 1753
977:". Online fact sheet on
881:". Online fact sheet on
715:with 8 aminoacid rings.
466:
421:
778:List of culinary fruits
738:, choline, scopoletin,
398:6–15 mm long. The
1117:10.1055/s-0029-1186218
578:Importation of mature
430:, the main variety of
377:
347:
284:barbary matrimony vine
750:. From the flowers,
696:, is not detectable.
372:
338:
210:Jasminoides flaccidum
204:Boberella halimifolia
1779:Geography of Ningxia
1151:, Montana plant life
758:have been isolated.
754:, β-sitosterol, and
298:it is also known as
206:(Mill.) E.H.L.Krause
1162:Plants for a Future
1143:USDA PLANTS Profile
783:List of dried foods
608:Lycium ferocissimum
488:north-central China
216:Lycium halimifolium
1079:2008-06-03 at the
1059:2009-07-20 at the
1036:2009-01-08 at the
1017:2015-09-23 at the
979:Weeds of Australia
378:
365:Leaves and flowers
348:
342:illustration from
43:with ripe berries
1749:Edible Solanaceae
1731:
1730:
1585:Open Tree of Life
1176:Taxon identifiers
1157:"Lycium barbarum"
940:978-0-471-59919-7
907:". Image on the
901:T. Muer (2000), "
666:hexadecanoic acid
376:leaves and flower
317:Autonomous Region
280:Chinese wolfberry
242:
241:
234:Teremis elliptica
222:Lycium turbinatum
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808:"The Plant List"
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492:Zhongning County
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162:L. barbarum
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688:. The alkaloid
686:p-coumaric acid
631:polysaccharides
621:
591:Lycium barbarum
588:
580:Lycium barbarum
537:Lycium barbarum
534:
526:desertification
505:The berries of
472:Lycium barbarum
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351:Lycium barbarum
340:Lycium barbarum
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268:Lycium chinense
261:from which the
246:Lycium barbarum
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41:Lycium barbarum
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296:United Kingdom
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257:in the family
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325:Ningxia gǒuqǐ
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678:β-sitosterol
628:
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480:Yellow River
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450:Reproduction
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40:
24:
18:
1759:Dried fruit
1623:kew-2499019
1497:NatureServe
1422:iNaturalist
1208:Wikispecies
1149:L. barbarum
1132:L. barbarum
1105:L. chinense
854:22 December
736:damascenone
646:dipalmitate
573:Walberswick
559:Sandlings,
518:L. barbarum
507:L. barbarum
476:floodplains
428:L. barbarum
381:L. barbarum
374:L. barbarum
331:Description
92:Angiosperms
1738:Categories
1705:WisFlora:
1618:Plant List
1268:Calflora:
795:References
756:lanosterol
720:rutinoside
694:Solanaceae
682:scopoletin
662:kaempferol
650:flavonoids
643:zeaxanthin
639:Carotenoid
432:goji berry
385:lanceolate
294:. In the
288:red medlar
259:Solanaceae
138:Solanaceae
1388:200020536
1362:200020536
773:Gouqi jiu
752:diosgenin
732:quercetin
658:quercetin
654:myricetin
619:Chemistry
595:Australia
586:Australia
548:hedgerows
436:ellipsoid
416:dehiscent
355:deciduous
156:Species:
128:Solanales
62:Kingdom:
1693:VicFlora
1682:VASCAN:
1675:29600019
1670:Tropicos
1597:PalDat:
1536:NSWFlora
1502:2.133162
1453:11230282
1440:816356-1
1305:eFloraSA
1245:BioLib:
1193:Wikidata
1077:Archived
1057:Archived
1034:Archived
1015:Archived
909:Floraweb
887:eFloraSA
762:See also
690:atropine
603:Tasmania
599:Victoria
561:Hadleigh
444:cultivar
410:. The
396:pedicels
323:name is
278:include
255:boxthorn
195:Synonyms
134:Family:
118:Asterids
105:Eudicots
1484:MoBotPF
1401:2928835
1292:Ecocrop
1199:Q196332
705:choline
701:betaine
569:Ipswich
567:, near
565:Bawdsey
557:Suffolk
522:erosion
514:deserts
478:of the
408:anthers
394:, with
321:Chinese
319:. Its
311:Ningxia
276:English
144:Genus:
124:Order:
66:Plantae
1744:Lycium
1631:PLANTS
1548:NZOR:
1528:112863
1489:369042
1466:503599
1349:185086
1323:487010
1261:367590
1225:153863
1222:APDB:
937:
746:, and
684:, and
672:, and
660:, and
613:Africa
571:, and
412:pistil
404:sepals
302:after
224:Veill.
212:Moench
149:Lycium
1764:Herbs
1662:86879
1636:LYBA4
1607:PFI:
1590:40038
1559:NZPCN
1448:IRMNG
1427:77902
1414:22939
1370:FoAO2
1344:EUNIS
1336:LYUHA
1284:3WKGV
1248:40736
1238:79909
724:rutin
467:China
440:calyx
422:Fruit
400:calyx
392:axils
358:woody
353:is a
251:shrub
249:is a
230:Dunal
218:Mill.
112:Clade
99:Clade
86:Clade
73:Clade
1708:9037
1685:9354
1644:POWO
1610:4694
1577:7019
1564:3148
1523:NCBI
1476:2698
1461:ITIS
1435:IPNI
1409:GRIN
1396:GBIF
1331:EPPO
1297:7443
1271:5231
1256:BOLD
1233:APNI
1103:and
935:ISBN
856:2017
768:Goji
633:and
601:and
263:goji
236:Raf.
1716:WFO
1657:RHS
1510:NBN
1383:FoC
1357:FNA
1318:EoL
1279:CoL
1113:doi
498:of
486:of
314:Hui
290:or
286:,
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187:L.
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810:.
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