676:
68:
425:
572:
664:
44:
201:
350:
regions. South
America has the most species, followed by North America and southern Africa. There are several scattered across Europe and Asia, and one is native to Australia. Common English names for plants of this genus include
451:. Flowers are solitary or borne in clusters. The funnel-shaped or bell-shaped corolla is white, green, or purple in color. The fruit is a two-chambered, usually fleshy and juicy
887:
857:
1637:
1510:
1657:
1520:
1627:
1407:
1377:
1216:
867:
1565:
1550:
1417:
1326:
1236:
1206:
1112:
1072:
1042:
1032:
693:
680:
1729:
1667:
1575:
1469:
1387:
1357:
1336:
1316:
1246:
1226:
1196:
1165:
1052:
939:
836:
754:
734:
1699:
1606:
1490:
1479:
1306:
1286:
1102:
1082:
1062:
1001:
905:
775:
724:
1719:
1709:
1459:
1448:
1346:
1256:
1143:
1022:
980:
959:
1677:
1397:
1092:
795:
785:
744:
2483:
1530:
1367:
1276:
1186:
949:
805:
714:
1122:
2522:
2085:
655:
and has become a dense, thorny pest plant there. It injures livestock, harbors pest mammals and insects, and displaces native species.
2558:
2152:
2133:
2218:
2431:
2496:
2444:
2193:
2335:
2671:
2501:
2185:
1957:
1922:
1884:
2330:
2025:
2012:
1988:
832:– Barbary matrimony-vine, Chinese boxthorn, Duke of Argyll's teaplant, goji-berry, Himalayan goji, Tibetan goji
2633:
2612:
447:, growing 1 to 4 meters tall. The leaves are small, narrow, and fleshy, and are alternately arranged, sometimes in
2527:
2470:
2576:
2607:
511:
2509:
467:
2026:
The transition to gender dimorphism on an evolutionary background of self-incompatibility: an example from
589:
444:
2309:
2304:
2291:
2413:
2387:
1938:
1819:
2666:
2571:
1826:
364:
2091:. UK Food Standards Agency, Novel Foods, Additives and Supplements Division. June 2007. Archived from
459:
have fleshy, red berries with over 10 seeds, but a few
American taxa have hard fruits with two seeds.
2638:
2537:
2449:
931:
67:
17:
2563:
2408:
2071:
639:
and semi-arid climates, and a few are known from coastal zones in somewhat saline habitat types.
517:
474:, with some individuals bearing bisexual flowers and some producing functionally female flowers.
2382:
2234:
494:
2488:
1585:
339:
2550:
2092:
2343:
2164:
526:
388:
1906:
1785:
8:
2215:
1154:
926:
915:
647:
53:
2374:
2620:
2395:
846:
675:
621:
208:
62:
2400:
2545:
2317:
2008:
1984:
1747:
1617:
1540:
1296:
764:
668:
538:
470:, producing bisexual flowers with functional male and female parts, some species are
448:
343:
2423:
2625:
2272:
1427:
1175:
1132:
642:
564:
331:
2322:
2283:
2661:
2296:
2222:
1978:
1888:
1437:
1266:
990:
969:
877:
825:
815:
558:
522:
429:
393:
384:
105:
2599:
2514:
1877:
455:
which can be red, orange, yellow, or black. It may have few seeds or many. Most
2257:
1688:
1500:
1011:
636:
452:
92:
2655:
1595:
543:
178:
2589:
1647:
703:
552:
413:
424:
2457:
2266:
1840:
652:
571:
2118:
Medicinal Plants in Israel and
Throughout the World - the Complete Guide
367:
currently accepts 101 species. Other estimates are of 70 to 80 species.
2436:
600:, when mixed with water, have been used in folk medicine. The fruit of
502:
347:
335:
151:
2462:
2369:
2356:
486:
141:
2228:
2055:
19(2/3), 179-348 and 350-66. doi:10.2307/2394155 (First page image).
663:
391:(ca. 40–90) to a plant known as dyer's buckthorn. It was probably a
2584:
2251:
490:
402:
131:
118:
43:
2361:
2475:
1852:
506:
328:
161:
612:
berry, is commonly consumed as a dried fruit. The
Chinese tonic
498:
471:
342:
around the globe, with species occurring on most continents in
200:
2348:
1958:
Relationships within tribe
Lycieae (Solanaceae): paraphyly of
976:– Chinese teaplant, Chinese wolfberry, Chinese boxthorn
440:
410:
398:
324:
79:
616:("wolfberry fruit") is made of the fruit of any of several
609:
356:
2047:
Hitchcock, C. L. (1932). A monographic study of the genus
2163:. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from
1882:(Solanaceae): Inferences from chloroplast DNA sequences.
489:
since ancient times, and species were traded from the
1795:. United States Department of Agriculture. 2009-09-01
922:– California boxthorn, California desert-thorn
531:
P. Dioscoridae pharmacorum simplicium reique medicae
910:(Miers) R.A.Levin, Jill S.Mill. & G.Bernardello
1150:– Arizona desert-thorn, littleleaf wolfberry
1139:– European teatree, European matrimony-vine
525:describes boxthorn as a medicinal plant, as does
2653:
2147:
2145:
935:– Carolina desert-thorn, Christmas berry
405:region in which it grew. The berry is called
2142:
592:. The leaves and roots of other species of
1962:and multiple origins of gender dimorphism.
1925:. Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
899:– Santa Catalina Island desert-thorn
199:
42:
2024:Miller, J. S. and D. L. Venable. (2002).
2069:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2043:
2041:
1878:Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus
674:
662:
651:, which was introduced to Australia and
570:
423:
2194:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
2161:Germplasm Resources Information Network
2053:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
1956:Levin, R. A. and J. S. Miller. (2005).
1952:
1950:
1934:
1932:
1793:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1740:
771:– Anderson boxthorn, water-jacket
379:is derived from the Greek word λυκιον (
14:
2654:
2078:
1976:
1902:
1900:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1018:– peachthorn, Cooper's wolfberry
2233:
2232:
2058:
2038:
1970:
1892:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1695:– Torrey's boxthorn, squawthorn
2613:3ff51d86-4b5b-4e12-828f-8876cbcf0ebf
2538:b132a5b8-ac1e-49a7-93dd-db221bd14dfc
2178:
2074:. NewHope Network, Penton Media Inc.
1947:
1929:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1997:
1915:
1897:
1806:
1778:
24:
2577:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30001330-2
2139:Invasive Species Compendium. CABI.
25:
2683:
2209:
1865:
800:F.Chiang, T.Wendt & E.J.Lott
66:
2127:
2110:
2072:"Goji: what it is... and isn't"
2018:
2005:New RHS Dictionary of Gardening
1613:– Shockley's desert-thorn
2120:, Or Yehuda (Israel) 2000, pp.
1833:
1182:– Frémont's desert-thorn
512:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
419:
401:(Λυκία), the ancient southern
13:
1:
1772:
1455:– Parish's desert-thorn
853:– Berlandier wolfberry
590:traditional Chinese medicine
370:
7:
2672:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2051:of the Western Hemisphere.
1876:Fukuda, T., et al. (2001).
485:has been known to European
327:of flowering plants in the
10:
2688:
2033:American Journal of Botany
1983:. CRC Press. p. 677.
1965:American Journal of Botany
1830:. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
1827:Plants of the World Online
1486:– downy desert-thorn
1382:A.M.Venter & A.J.Scott
884:– Baja desert-thorn
687:101 species are accepted.
658:
627:
620:species, and is used as a
397:species and was named for
365:Plants of the World Online
2241:
2153:"GRIN Species Records of
1444:– pale desert-thorn
710:– Kraal honey thorn
588:, have long been used in
214:
207:
198:
191:
186:
63:Scientific classification
61:
50:
41:
34:
27:Genus of flowering plants
2003:Huxley, A., ed. (1992).
1602:– Arabian boxthorn
1353:– desert wolfberry
1161:– African boxthorn
635:species mostly occur in
536:In his 1753 publication
409:("lycium fruit") in old
383:), which was applied by
1912:The Jepson eFlora 2013.
1684:– Texas wolfberry
1515:Xu L.Jiang & J.N.Li
759:A.Baytop & R.R.Mill
477:
1977:Austin, D. F. (2004).
858:Lycium boerhaviifolium
684:
672:
578:
509:, as mentioned in the
433:
1638:Lycium strandveldense
1622:R.Wagner & Vierh.
1586:Lycium schweinfurthii
1561:, Hawaii desert-thorn
1511:Lycium qingshuigeense
1422:R.J.Wang & Q.Liao
678:
666:
574:
427:
340:disjunct distribution
1741:Formerly placed here
1658:Lycium tenuispinosum
1521:Lycium rachidocladum
1241:Joubert & Venter
897:(Greene) C.L.Hitchc.
527:Pedanius Dioscorides
389:Pedanius Dioscorides
2137:(African boxthorn).
2135:Lycium ferocissimum
2098:on 20 November 2012
1980:Florida Ethnobotany
1628:Lycium stenophyllum
1600:Roem. & Schult.
1408:Lycium minutifolium
1378:Lycium mascarenense
1217:Lycium gilliesianum
1155:Lycium ferocissimum
927:Lycium carolinianum
916:Lycium californicum
868:Lycium bosciifolium
54:Lycium ferocissimum
2221:2016-03-04 at the
1887:2003-11-30 at the
1734:Kuang & A.M.Lu
1566:Lycium schizocalyx
1551:Lycium sandwicense
1418:Lycium ningxiaense
1327:Lycium leiospermum
1237:Lycium grandicalyx
1207:Lycium geniculatum
1113:Lycium edgeworthii
1073:Lycium densifolium
1047:Kuang & A.M.Lu
1043:Lycium cylindricum
1033:Lycium cyathiforme
997:– Kriedoring
847:Lycium berlandieri
694:Lycium acutifolium
685:
681:Lycium sandwicense
673:
622:dietary supplement
579:
518:Naturalis historia
497:, for example via
434:
338:. The genus has a
51:African boxthorn (
2667:Solanaceae genera
2649:
2648:
2546:Open Tree of Life
2235:Taxon identifiers
2225:, Amherst College
2070:Gross PM (2007).
1767:
1760:
1753:
1748:Buchozia japonica
1730:Lycium yunnanense
1668:Lycium tetrandrum
1653:
1618:Lycium sokotranum
1601:
1576:Lycium schreiteri
1556:
1546:
1541:Lycium ruthenicum
1470:Lycium pilifolium
1443:
1433:
1388:Lycium megacarpum
1383:
1358:Lycium makranicum
1352:
1337:Lycium leiostemum
1317:Lycium kopetdaghi
1297:Lycium intricatum
1247:Lycium hantamense
1227:Lycium glomeratum
1197:Lycium gariepense
1166:Lycium flexicaule
1149:
1138:
1088:
1053:Lycium dasystemum
965:
940:Lycium cestroides
934:
852:
837:Lycium barbinodum
821:
765:Lycium andersonii
755:Lycium anatolicum
735:Lycium americanum
709:
669:Lycium intricatum
539:Species Plantarum
375:The generic name
316:
315:
302:
270:
262:
254:
238:
182:
16:(Redirected from
2679:
2642:
2641:
2629:
2628:
2616:
2615:
2603:
2602:
2593:
2592:
2580:
2579:
2567:
2566:
2554:
2553:
2541:
2540:
2531:
2530:
2518:
2517:
2515:NHMSYS0000460510
2505:
2504:
2492:
2491:
2479:
2478:
2466:
2465:
2453:
2452:
2440:
2439:
2427:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2404:
2403:
2391:
2390:
2378:
2377:
2365:
2364:
2352:
2351:
2339:
2338:
2326:
2325:
2313:
2312:
2300:
2299:
2287:
2286:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2230:
2229:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2149:
2140:
2131:
2125:
2123:
2116:Nissim Krispil,
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2097:
2090:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2067:
2056:
2045:
2036:
2035:89(12), 1907-15.
2022:
2016:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1974:
1968:
1967:92(12), 2044-53.
1954:
1945:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1913:
1904:
1895:
1874:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1837:
1831:
1817:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1782:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1735:
1725:
1715:
1705:
1700:Lycium truncatum
1694:
1683:
1673:
1663:
1651:
1643:
1633:
1623:
1612:
1607:Lycium shockleyi
1599:
1591:
1581:
1571:
1554:
1544:
1536:
1526:
1516:
1506:
1496:
1491:Lycium pubitubum
1485:
1480:Lycium puberulum
1475:
1465:
1454:
1441:
1431:
1428:Lycium oxycarpum
1423:
1413:
1403:
1393:
1381:
1373:
1363:
1350:
1342:
1332:
1322:
1312:
1307:Lycium isthmense
1302:
1292:
1287:Lycium infaustum
1282:
1272:
1262:
1252:
1242:
1232:
1222:
1212:
1202:
1192:
1181:
1176:Lycium fremontii
1171:
1160:
1147:
1136:
1133:Lycium europaeum
1128:
1118:
1108:
1103:Lycium distichum
1098:
1086:
1083:Lycium depressum
1078:
1068:
1063:Lycium decumbens
1058:
1048:
1038:
1028:
1017:
1007:
1002:Lycium confertum
996:
986:
975:
963:
955:
945:
930:
921:
911:
906:Lycium bridgesii
898:
883:
873:
863:
850:
842:
831:
819:
811:
801:
791:
781:
776:Lycium arenicola
770:
760:
750:
740:
730:
725:Lycium ameghinoi
720:
707:
699:
643:Invasive species
546:describes three
501:and the port of
310:
300:
294:
286:
278:
269:J.F.Gmel. (1791)
268:
260:
252:
246:
236:
230:
222:
203:
177:
71:
70:
46:
32:
31:
21:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2637:
2632:
2624:
2619:
2611:
2606:
2598:
2596:
2588:
2583:
2575:
2570:
2562:
2557:
2549:
2544:
2536:
2534:
2526:
2521:
2513:
2508:
2500:
2495:
2487:
2482:
2474:
2469:
2461:
2456:
2448:
2443:
2435:
2430:
2422:
2420:
2412:
2407:
2399:
2394:
2386:
2381:
2373:
2368:
2360:
2355:
2347:
2342:
2334:
2329:
2321:
2316:
2308:
2303:
2295:
2290:
2282:
2280:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2237:
2223:Wayback Machine
2216:Project Lycieae
2212:
2207:
2198:
2196:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2170:
2168:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2115:
2111:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2068:
2059:
2046:
2039:
2023:
2019:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1975:
1971:
1955:
1948:
1944:Flora of China.
1937:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1905:
1898:
1889:Wayback Machine
1875:
1866:
1857:
1855:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1818:
1807:
1798:
1796:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1752:(Thunb.) Callm.
1743:
1738:
1733:
1723:
1720:Lycium vimineum
1713:
1710:Lycium villosum
1703:
1692:
1681:
1671:
1661:
1641:
1631:
1621:
1610:
1589:
1579:
1569:
1534:
1524:
1514:
1504:
1494:
1483:
1473:
1463:
1460:Lycium petraeum
1452:
1449:Lycium parishii
1438:Lycium pallidum
1421:
1411:
1401:
1391:
1371:
1361:
1347:Lycium macrodon
1340:
1330:
1320:
1310:
1300:
1290:
1280:
1270:
1267:Lycium horridum
1260:
1257:Lycium hirsutum
1250:
1240:
1230:
1220:
1210:
1200:
1190:
1179:
1169:
1158:
1144:Lycium exsertum
1126:
1116:
1106:
1096:
1076:
1066:
1056:
1046:
1036:
1026:
1023:Lycium cuneatum
1015:
1005:
994:
991:Lycium cinereum
984:
981:Lycium ciliatum
973:
970:Lycium chinense
960:Lycium chilense
953:
943:
920:Nutt. ex A.Gray
919:
909:
896:
889:Lycium brevipes
881:
878:Lycium brevipes
871:
861:
840:
829:
826:Lycium barbarum
816:Lycium australe
809:
799:
789:
779:
768:
758:
748:
738:
728:
718:
698:E.Mey. ex Dunal
697:
661:
648:L. ferocissimum
630:
584:, particularly
523:Pliny the Elder
480:
430:Lycium barbarum
422:
414:pharmacological
385:Pliny the Elder
373:
308:
292:
284:
276:
245:Schltdl. (1832)
244:
228:
220:
176:
65:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2685:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2630:
2626:wfo-4000022495
2617:
2604:
2594:
2581:
2568:
2555:
2542:
2532:
2519:
2506:
2493:
2480:
2467:
2454:
2441:
2428:
2418:
2405:
2392:
2379:
2366:
2353:
2340:
2327:
2314:
2301:
2288:
2278:
2263:
2247:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2227:
2226:
2211:
2210:External links
2208:
2206:
2205:
2177:
2141:
2126:
2124:38–39 (Hebrew)
2109:
2086:"Goji Berries"
2077:
2057:
2037:
2017:
1996:
1989:
1969:
1946:
1928:
1914:
1896:
1894:19(2), 246-58.
1864:
1832:
1805:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1726:
1716:
1706:
1696:
1689:Lycium torreyi
1685:
1678:Lycium texanum
1674:
1664:
1654:
1644:
1634:
1624:
1614:
1603:
1592:
1582:
1572:
1562:
1547:
1537:
1527:
1517:
1507:
1501:Lycium pumilum
1497:
1487:
1476:
1466:
1456:
1445:
1434:
1424:
1414:
1404:
1398:Lycium minimum
1394:
1384:
1374:
1364:
1354:
1343:
1333:
1323:
1313:
1303:
1293:
1283:
1273:
1263:
1253:
1243:
1233:
1223:
1213:
1203:
1193:
1183:
1172:
1162:
1151:
1140:
1129:
1119:
1109:
1099:
1093:Lycium deserti
1089:
1079:
1069:
1067:Welw. ex Hiern
1059:
1049:
1039:
1029:
1019:
1012:Lycium cooperi
1008:
998:
987:
977:
966:
956:
946:
936:
923:
912:
902:
901:
900:
874:
864:
854:
843:
833:
822:
812:
802:
796:Lycium arochae
792:
786:Lycium armatum
782:
772:
761:
751:
745:Lycium amoenum
741:
731:
721:
711:
700:
689:
660:
657:
629:
626:
479:
476:
421:
418:
372:
369:
314:
313:
312:
311:
303:
295:
287:
279:
271:
263:
255:
253:Duhamel (1755)
247:
239:
231:
223:
212:
211:
205:
204:
196:
195:
193:101; see text
189:
188:
184:
183:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
122:
121:
116:
109:
108:
103:
96:
95:
90:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
59:
58:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2684:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2181:
2167:on 2008-10-05
2166:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2148:
2146:
2138:
2136:
2130:
2119:
2113:
2094:
2087:
2081:
2073:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2042:
2034:
2031:
2030:(Solanaceae).
2029:
2021:
2014:
2013:0-333-47494-5
2010:
2006:
2000:
1992:
1990:9780849323324
1986:
1982:
1981:
1973:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1953:
1951:
1943:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1924:
1918:
1911:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1836:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1822:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1781:
1777:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1596:Lycium shawii
1593:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1531:Lycium repens
1528:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1368:Lycium martii
1365:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1277:Lycium humile
1274:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1187:Lycium fuscum
1184:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1003:
999:
993:
992:
988:
983:
982:
978:
972:
971:
967:
962:
961:
957:
952:
951:
950:Lycium chanar
947:
942:
941:
937:
933:
929:
928:
924:
918:
917:
913:
908:
907:
903:
895:
894:
890:
886:
885:
880:
879:
875:
870:
869:
865:
860:
859:
855:
849:
848:
844:
839:
838:
834:
828:
827:
823:
818:
817:
813:
808:
807:
806:Lycium athium
803:
798:
797:
793:
788:
787:
783:
778:
777:
773:
767:
766:
762:
757:
756:
752:
747:
746:
742:
737:
736:
732:
727:
726:
722:
717:
716:
715:Lycium amarum
712:
706:
705:
701:
696:
695:
691:
690:
688:
683:
682:
677:
671:
670:
665:
656:
654:
650:
649:
644:
640:
638:
634:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
577:
573:
569:
567:
566:
561:
560:
555:
554:
549:
545:
541:
540:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
519:
514:
513:
508:
505:near today's
504:
500:
496:
495:by the Romans
492:
488:
484:
475:
473:
472:gynodioecious
469:
465:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
432:
431:
426:
417:
415:
412:
408:
407:lycii fructus
404:
400:
396:
395:
390:
386:
382:
378:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
330:
326:
322:
321:
307:
304:
299:
296:
291:
290:Rhopalostigma
288:
283:
280:
275:
272:
267:
264:
259:
256:
251:
248:
243:
240:
235:
232:
227:
224:
219:
216:
215:
213:
210:
206:
202:
197:
194:
190:
185:
180:
175:
174:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
94:
93:Tracheophytes
91:
88:
85:
84:
81:
78:
75:
74:
69:
64:
60:
56:
55:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
2242:
2197:. Retrieved
2187:
2180:
2169:. Retrieved
2165:the original
2160:
2154:
2134:
2129:
2117:
2112:
2100:. Retrieved
2093:the original
2080:
2052:
2048:
2032:
2027:
2020:
2007:. Macmillan
2004:
1999:
1979:
1972:
1964:
1959:
1939:
1917:
1907:
1891:
1879:
1856:. Retrieved
1848:
1842:
1835:
1825:
1820:
1797:. Retrieved
1792:
1787:
1780:
1763:L. japonicum
1762:
1755:
1746:
1728:
1718:
1708:
1698:
1687:
1676:
1666:
1656:
1648:Lycium tenue
1646:
1636:
1626:
1616:
1605:
1594:
1584:
1574:
1564:
1558:
1549:
1539:
1529:
1519:
1509:
1499:
1489:
1478:
1468:
1458:
1447:
1436:
1426:
1416:
1406:
1396:
1386:
1376:
1366:
1362:Schönb.-Tem.
1356:
1345:
1335:
1325:
1315:
1305:
1295:
1285:
1275:
1265:
1255:
1245:
1235:
1225:
1215:
1205:
1195:
1185:
1174:
1164:
1153:
1142:
1131:
1123:Lycium eenii
1121:
1111:
1101:
1091:
1081:
1071:
1061:
1051:
1041:
1031:
1021:
1010:
1000:
989:
979:
968:
958:
948:
938:
925:
914:
904:
892:
888:
876:
866:
856:
845:
835:
824:
814:
804:
794:
784:
774:
763:
753:
743:
733:
723:
713:
704:Lycium afrum
702:
692:
686:
679:
667:
646:
641:
632:
631:
617:
613:
605:
601:
598:L. europaeum
597:
593:
585:
581:
580:
575:
565:L. europaeum
563:
557:
551:
547:
537:
535:
530:
516:
510:
482:
481:
463:
461:
456:
436:
435:
428:
406:
392:
387:(23-79) and
380:
376:
374:
361:desert-thorn
360:
352:
319:
318:
317:
305:
297:
293:Phil. (1860)
289:
281:
277:Miers (1849)
273:
265:
257:
249:
241:
233:
225:
217:
192:
172:
171:
125:
112:
99:
86:
52:
35:
29:
2458:iNaturalist
2267:Wikispecies
1756:L. foetidum
1580:F.A.Barkley
1495:C.L.Hitchc.
1402:C.L.Hitchc.
1331:I.M.Johnst.
1037:C.L.Hitchc.
810:Bernardello
653:New Zealand
608:, known as
606:L. chinense
602:L. barbatum
586:L. barbarum
576:L. barbarum
559:L. barbarum
462:While most
420:Description
348:subtropical
309:Raf. (1838)
301:Raf. (1838)
285:Raf. (1838)
261:Raf. (1838)
250:Jasminoides
237:Raf. (1838)
229:Raf. (1838)
221:Raf. (1838)
106:Angiosperms
2656:Categories
2199:2010-12-13
2171:2010-12-13
1858:2009-04-16
1799:2010-12-13
1773:References
1642:A.M.Venter
1570:C.H.Wright
1559:ʻŌhelo kai
1474:C.H.Wright
1251:A.M.Venter
1201:A.M.Venter
719:Lu Q.Huang
596:, such as
503:Barbarikon
493:to Europe
487:herbalists
468:monoecious
336:Solanaceae
329:nightshade
242:Grabowskia
152:Solanaceae
2370:FloraBase
614:gou qi zi
550:species:
515:. In his
449:fascicles
403:Anatolian
371:Etymology
357:wolfberry
353:box-thorn
344:temperate
282:Pukanthus
142:Solanales
76:Kingdom:
2608:VicFlora
2597:VASCAN:
2590:40010193
2585:Tropicos
2331:eFloraSA
2258:Q3268411
2252:Wikidata
2219:Archived
2102:13 April
1923:"Lycium"
1885:Archived
1849:Taxonomy
1786:"Genus:
1704:Y.C.Wang
1557:–
1464:Feinbrun
1311:F.Chiang
985:Schltdl.
944:Schltdl.
820:F.Muell.
645:include
553:L. afrum
544:Linnaeus
491:Far East
443:, often
306:Triliena
266:Panzeria
258:Oplukion
226:Cantalea
209:Synonyms
187:Species
148:Family:
132:Asterids
119:Eudicots
18:Boxthorn
2489:1307036
2476:38426-1
2437:2928808
1853:UniProt
1841:"Genus
1682:Correll
1392:Wiggins
1372:Sendtn.
1321:Pojark.
1231:Sendtn.
1211:Fernald
1170:Pojark.
1127:S.Moore
1077:Wiggins
1057:Pojark.
964:Bertero
659:Species
628:Ecology
529:in his
507:Karachi
416:texts.
394:Rhamnus
298:Teremis
274:Phrodus
234:Evoista
218:Ascleia
168:Genus:
162:Lycieae
158:Tribe:
138:Order:
80:Plantae
2662:Lycium
2639:415587
2559:PLANTS
2551:442500
2535:NZOR:
2424:lycium
2421:FoIO:
2414:119146
2401:Lycium
2388:119146
2336:Lycium
2310:297706
2284:192292
2281:APDB:
2273:Lycium
2243:Lycium
2188:Lycium
2155:Lycium
2122:
2049:Lycium
2028:Lycium
2011:
1987:
1960:Lycium
1940:Lycium
1908:Lycium
1880:Lycium
1843:Lycium
1821:Lycium
1788:Lycium
1766:Thunb.
1714:Schinz
1693:A.Gray
1672:Thunb.
1652:Willd.
1632:J.Rémy
1611:A.Gray
1590:Dammer
1555:A.Gray
1545:Murray
1505:Dammer
1484:A.Gray
1453:A.Gray
1412:J.Rémy
1351:A.Gray
1301:Boiss.
1271:Thunb.
1180:A.Gray
1148:A.Gray
1087:Stocks
1027:Dammer
1016:A.Gray
995:Thunb.
932:Walter
893:hassei
882:Benth.
872:Schinz
790:Griff.
769:A.Gray
749:Dammer
633:Lycium
618:Lycium
594:Lycium
582:Lycium
562:, and
548:Lycium
499:Ariaca
483:Lycium
464:Lycium
457:Lycium
445:thorny
441:shrubs
437:Lycium
381:lykion
377:Lycium
359:, and
332:family
320:Lycium
181:(1753)
173:Lycium
36:Lycium
2634:WoRMS
2564:LYCIU
2528:24646
2502:30531
2484:IRMNG
2463:58333
2396:FoAO2
2375:22513
2362:1LYUG
2349:61752
2297:79822
2096:(PDF)
2089:(PDF)
1724:Miers
1662:Miers
1535:Speg.
1525:Dunal
1442:Miers
1432:Dunal
1341:Wedd.
1291:Miers
1281:Phil.
1261:Dunal
1221:Miers
1191:Miers
1159:Miers
1117:Dunal
1107:Meyen
1097:Phil.
1006:Miers
974:Mill.
954:Phil.
891:var.
851:Dunal
841:Miers
780:Miers
739:Jacq.
729:Speg.
453:berry
411:Latin
399:Lycia
325:genus
323:is a
126:Clade
113:Clade
100:Clade
87:Clade
2600:1377
2572:POWO
2523:NCBI
2497:ITIS
2471:IPNI
2450:7052
2445:GRIN
2432:GBIF
2357:EPPO
2323:5HK4
2305:BOLD
2292:APNI
2104:2013
2009:ISBN
1985:ISBN
1759:L.f.
1754:(as
862:L.f.
637:arid
610:goji
604:and
478:Uses
466:are
439:are
346:and
2621:WFO
2510:NBN
2409:FoC
2383:FNA
2344:EoL
2318:CoL
1790:L."
1761:or
2658::
2636::
2623::
2610::
2587::
2574::
2561::
2548::
2525::
2512::
2499::
2486::
2473::
2460::
2447::
2434::
2411::
2398::
2385::
2372::
2359::
2346::
2333::
2320::
2307::
2294::
2269::
2254::
2192:.
2159:.
2144:^
2060:^
2040:^
1949:^
1931:^
1899:^
1867:^
1851:.
1847:.
1823:L.
1808:^
1137:L.
830:L.
708:L.
624:.
568:.
556:,
542:,
533:.
521:,
363:.
355:,
334:,
179:L.
128::
115::
102::
89::
57:)
2202:.
2190:"
2186:"
2174:.
2157:"
2106:.
2015:.
1993:.
1942:.
1910:.
1861:.
1845:"
1802:.
1768:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
