939:
600:
56:
903:
891:
915:
2331:
612:
879:
580:
726:
979:
702:
866:
714:
967:
44:
927:
240:
1003:
991:
1047:
938:
390:. The costiform is lateral, the mammillary is superior (cranial), and the accessory is inferior (caudal). The mammillary is connected in the lumbar region with the back part of the superior articular process. The accessory process is situated at the back part of the base of the transverse process. The tallest and thickest costiform process is usually that of L5.
399:
838:
778:
798:
738:
818:
758:
430:
The fifth lumbar vertebra is characterized by its body being much deeper in front than behind, which accords with the prominence of the sacrovertebral articulation; by the smaller size of its spinous process; by the wide interval between the inferior articular processes, and by the thickness of its
366:
are long and slender. They are horizontal in the upper three lumbar vertebrae and incline a little upward in the lower two. In the upper three vertebrae they arise from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae, but in the lower two they are set farther forward and spring from the pedicles and
450:
The range of segmental movements in a single segment is difficult to measure clinically, not only because of variations between individuals, but also because it is age and sex dependent. Furthermore, flexion and extension in the lumbal spine is the product of a combination of rotation and
844:
843:
840:
839:
845:
780:
784:
783:
779:
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740:
320:
are broad, short, and strong. They form the posterior portion of the vertebral arch. In the upper lumbar region the lamina are taller than wide but in the lower lumbar vertebra the lamina are wider than tall. The lamina connects the spinous process to the pedicles.
804:
803:
799:
744:
743:
739:
304:
width from 9 mm to up to 18 mm at L5. They increase in angulation in the axial plane from 10 degrees to 20 degrees by L5. The pedicle is sometimes used as a portal of entrance into the vertebral body for fixation with pedicle screws or for placement of
820:
760:
824:
823:
819:
785:
764:
763:
759:
805:
745:
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765:
286:
of each lumbar vertebra is kidney shaped, wider from side to side than from front to back, and a little thicker in front than in back. It is flattened or slightly concave above and below, concave behind, and deeply constricted in front and at the sides.
359:; those on the inferior are convex, and are directed forward and lateralward. The former are wider apart than the latter since in the articulated column, the inferior articular processes are embraced by the superior processes of the subjacent vertebra.
842:
2351:
299:
are very strong, directed backward from the upper part of the vertebral body; consequently, the inferior vertebral notches are of considerable depth. The pedicles change in morphology from the upper lumbar to the lower lumbar. They increase in
782:
802:
742:
195:. In humans, there are five lumbar vertebrae. The term is used to describe the anatomy of humans and quadrupeds, such as horses, pigs, or cattle. These bones are found in particular cuts of meat, including tenderloin or sirloin steak.
822:
762:
418:
of the stomach is at this level. Other important structures are also located at this level, they include; fundus of the gall bladder, celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, termination of spinal cord, beginning of
841:
247:
The adjacent figure depicts the general characteristics of the first through fourth lumbar vertebrae. The fifth vertebra contains certain peculiarities, which are detailed below.
781:
355:
are well-defined, projecting respectively upward and downward from the junctions of pedicles and laminae. The facets on the superior processes are concave, and look backward and
801:
741:
821:
761:
599:
926:
890:
442:
Most individuals have five lumbar vertebrae, while some have four or six. Lumbar disorders that normally affect L5 will affect L4 or L6 in these latter individuals.
902:
579:
1208:
McCollum, MA; Rosenman, BA; Suwa, G; Meindl, RS; Lovejoy, CO (March 15, 2010). "The vertebral formula of the last common ancestor of
African apes and humans".
151:
367:
posterior parts of the vertebral bodies. They are situated in front of the articular processes instead of behind them as in the thoracic vertebrae, and are
611:
348:
is thick, broad, and somewhat quadrilateral; it projects backward and ends in a rough, uneven border, thickest below where it is occasionally notched.
655:
also had a long vertebral column with a long lumbar region and that the reduction in the number of lumbar vertebrae evolved independently in each ape
1307:
878:
127:
431:
transverse processes, which spring from the body as well as from the pedicles. The fifth lumbar vertebra is by far the most common site of
725:
631:
have longer spines with an additional vertebra) and humans normally five. This difference, and because the lumbar spines of the extinct
701:
231:). They are designated L1 to L5, starting at the top. The lumbar vertebrae help support the weight of the body, and permit movement.
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1904:
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356:
2126:
1997:
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48:
Position of human lumbar vertebrae (shown in red). It consists of 5 bones, from the top down, L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5.
1991:
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17:
1972:
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146:
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1140:"Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Back Muscles in the Lumbar Spine With Reference to Biomechanical Modeling"
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561:
317:
1897:
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55:
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1852:
990:
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Muscles of the iliac and anterior femoral regions. First lumbar vertebra second highest vertebra seen.
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220:
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134:
122:
1246:"Spinopelvic pathways to bipedality: why no hominids ever relied on a bent-hip-bent-knee gait"
685:, which suggests that the last common ancestor was not "short-backed" as previously believed.
454:
Ranges of segmental movements in the lumbar spine (White and
Punjabi, 1990) are (in degrees):
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2240:
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2220:
2166:
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2156:
2151:
2146:
2012:
1560:
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1683:
1438:
8:
1678:
1673:
1443:
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2099:
2002:
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1270:
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1167:
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329:
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180:
74:
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1857:
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436:
387:
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271:
2352:
Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
1171:
960:. Furthermore, C7 is easily localized as a prominence at the lower part of the neck.
2294:
1488:
1396:
1265:
1257:
1217:
1151:
945:
672:
643:
378:
can be noticed in a transverse process of a lower lumbar vertebrae: the lateral or
896:
Same as the left. Bones around the lumbar vertebrae are shown as semi-transparent.
2281:
2114:
2024:
1983:
1978:
1921:
1834:
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1448:
1416:
633:
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115:
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1774:
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1175:
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301:
283:
208:
1323:
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hominoid with six lumbar vertebrae and no tail) are similar to those of early
227:) and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body (as found only in the
2345:
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2212:
2178:
2138:
1862:
1844:
1819:
1801:
1779:
1757:
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1632:
1210:
Journal of
Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution
1052:
944:
Orientation of vertebral column on surface. T3 is at level of medial part of
432:
139:
86:
43:
1913:
1688:
1550:
1455:
1279:
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1229:
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212:
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953:
605:
Sacralization of the L5 vertebra is seen at the lower right of the image.
570:
424:
310:
306:
1221:
1752:
1326:. Toronto Western Hospital Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management
660:
192:
188:
164:
1814:
1747:
1338:
407:
204:
1734:
1381:
851:
Contrast MRI lumbar spine post-hemilaminectomy (sagittal T1 FSE FS)
668:
617:
Congenital block vertebra of the lumbar spine. CT volume rendering.
239:
664:
638:
415:
1882:
908:
Shape of lumbar vertebrae (shown in blue and yellow). Animation.
406:
The first lumbar vertebra is level with the anterior end of the
1725:
1705:
1612:
628:
586:
476:
184:
1373:
656:
223:
within the transverse process (since it is only found in the
98:
81:
250:
As with other vertebrae, each lumbar vertebra consists of a
1369:
1244:
Lovejoy, C. Owen; McCollum, Melanie A. (October 27, 2010).
590:
1207:
671:(curve) their lumbar spines, in contrast to the spines of
1742:
811:
MRI lumbar spine post-hemilaminectomy (sagittal T2 FRFSE)
791:
MRI lumbar spine pre-hemilaminectomy (sagittal FAST STIR)
573:
by deforming the vertebral canal or causing instability.
451:
translation in the sagittal plane between each vertebra.
398:
751:
MRI lumbar spine pre-hemilaminectomy (sagittal T2 FRFSE)
1293:
Anatomy
Compendium (Godfried Roomans and Anca Dragomir)
884:
Position of lumbar vertebrae (shown in red). Animation.
831:
MRI lumbar spine post-hemilaminectomy (sagittal T1 FSE)
731:
MRI lumbar spine with degeneration (sagittal FAST STIR)
771:
MRI lumbar spine pre-hemilaminectomy (sagittal T1 FSE)
707:
MRI lumbar spine with degeneration (sagittal T2 FRFSE)
2319:
719:
MRI lumbar spine with degeneration (sagittal T1 FSE)
627:
African apes have three and four lumbar vertebrae, (
1308:"Lower Back Pain Condition, Treatment and Exercise"
393:
1105:
1103:
1191:"Ranges of Segmental Motion for the Lumbar Spine"
423:, renal vessels, middle suprarenal arteries, and
2343:
1243:
1100:
328:within the arch is triangular, larger than the
258:. The vertebral arch, consisting of a pair of
1898:
1354:
589:, seen as 6 vertebrae that do not connect to
1126:General Anatomy: Principles and Applications
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
659:. The limited number of lumbar vertebrae in
219:and are characterized by the absence of the
191:in humans, and the tail end of the back in
1905:
1891:
1361:
1347:
1324:"Virtual Spine — Online Learning Resource"
410:. This level is also called the important
234:
54:
42:
1269:
1071:
29:Five bones of the spine in the lower back
397:
238:
187:. They form the lower part of the human
2196:Posterior branches of the lumbar nerves
984:Illustration highlighting lumbar spine.
555:
215:. They are the largest segments of the
14:
2344:
1368:
1188:
1137:
1051:This article incorporates text in the
445:
2127:Posterior branches of thoracic nerves
1998:Posterior branches of cervical nerves
1886:
1342:
653:chimpanzee–human last common ancestor
996:A lumbar vertebra seen from the side
688:
402:The fifth lumbar vertebra from above
2307:Posterior branch of coccygeal nerve
2265:Posterior branches of sacral nerves
24:
1250:Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
1156:10.1097/01.brs.0000229232.66090.58
25:
2373:
2110:Thoraco-abdominal nerves – T7–T11
1912:
1300:
2329:
1045:
1008:Ossification of lumbar vertebrae
1001:
989:
977:
965:
937:
925:
913:
901:
889:
877:
863:
856:
836:
816:
796:
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578:
394:First and fifth lumbar vertebrae
198:
864:
1287:
1237:
1201:
1182:
1131:
1118:
958:posterior superior iliac spine
567:Congenital vertebral anomalies
13:
1:
2362:Bones of the vertebral column
1124:Eizenberg, N. et al. (2008).
1040:
950:inferior angle of the scapula
872:3D image of a lumbar vertebra
622:
569:can cause compression of the
270:(opening) and supports seven
1573:Uncinate process of vertebra
1474:Uncinate process of vertebra
1189:Hansen; et al. (2006).
1138:Hansen; et al. (2006).
952:. L4 is at highest point of
562:Congenital vertebral anomaly
339:
7:
1109:Postacchini, Franco (1999)
1059:of the 20th edition of
1013:
203:In human anatomy, the five
10:
2378:
1853:Superior thoracic aperture
1193:. Medscape. Archived from
667:result in an inability to
559:
351:The superior and inferior
332:, but smaller than in the
2280:
2211:
2137:
2023:
1920:
1843:
1800:
1733:
1724:
1704:
1667:posterior sacral foramina
1611:
1581:
1541:
1464:
1389:
1380:
1150:(17). Medscape: 1888–99.
1035:Degenerative disc disease
651:, it is assumed that the
157:
145:
133:
121:
109:
97:
92:
80:
70:
65:
53:
41:
36:
1655:anterior sacral foramina
956:. S2 is at the level of
179:are located between the
159:Anatomical terms of bone
2105:Intercostobrachial – T2
290:
277:
235:General characteristics
2201:Superior cluneal L1–L3
2008:Greater occipital – C2
1429:Intervertebral foramen
1262:10.1098/rstb.2010.0112
1111:Lumbar Disc Herniation
1030:Lumbar spinal stenosis
1025:Spinal disc herniation
693:
403:
244:
221:foramen transversarium
2270:Medial cluneal nerves
1178:on November 14, 2010.
1020:Bertolotti's syndrome
401:
242:
2013:Third occipital – C3
1684:Lateral sacral crest
556:Congenital anomalies
364:transverse processes
2357:Bones of the thorax
1679:Medial sacral crest
1674:Median sacral crest
1222:10.1002/jez.b.21316
1097:(1918), see infobox
446:Segmental movements
353:articular processes
313:or vertebroplasty.
1868:Infrasternal angle
1830:Xiphisternal joint
1810:Suprasternal notch
1543:Thoracic vertebrae
1533:Vertebra prominens
1494:Posterior tubercle
1479:Transverse foramen
1466:Cervical vertebrae
412:transpyloric plane
404:
384:mammillary process
374:Three portions or
334:cervical vertebrae
330:thoracic vertebrae
245:
181:thoracic vertebrae
104:vertebrae lumbales
75:Psoas major muscle
2317:
2316:
2184:Lumbosacral trunk
2003:Suboccipital – C1
1880:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1858:Intercostal space
1720:
1719:
1643:sacral tuberosity
1626:sacral promontory
1484:Anterior tubercle
1424:Vertebral foramen
1390:General structure
1256:(1556): 3289–99.
920:Vertebral column.
846:
826:
806:
786:
766:
746:
689:Additional images
673:Old World monkeys
587:sacral vertebra 1
585:Lumbarization of
553:
552:
437:spondylolisthesis
388:accessory process
380:costiform process
326:vertebral foramen
268:vertebral foramen
173:
172:
168:
16:(Redirected from
2369:
2334:
2333:
2325:
2295:Coccygeal plexus
1907:
1900:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1731:
1730:
1583:Lumbar vertebrae
1489:Carotid tubercle
1387:
1386:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1294:
1291:
1285:
1283:
1273:
1241:
1235:
1233:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1197:on July 5, 2015.
1186:
1180:
1179:
1174:. Archived from
1135:
1129:
1122:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1090:
1049:
1048:
1005:
993:
981:
972:Vertebral column
969:
946:spine of scapula
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929:
917:
905:
893:
881:
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847:
828:
827:
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807:
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644:Australopithecus
614:
602:
582:
493:
457:
456:
243:Lumbar vertebrae
217:vertebral column
207:are between the
177:lumbar vertebrae
165:edit on Wikidata
162:
58:
46:
37:Lumbar vertebrae
34:
33:
21:
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2115:Subcostal – T12
2019:
1984:Brachial plexus
1979:Cervical plexus
1916:
1911:
1881:
1872:
1839:
1835:Xiphoid process
1825:Body of sternum
1796:
1716:
1700:
1638:Lateral surface
1607:
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1310:. SpineUniverse
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634:Nacholapithecus
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425:hila of kidneys
421:filum terminale
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371:with the ribs.
346:spinous process
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266:, encloses the
237:
229:thoracic region
225:cervical region
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61:
60:Animation of L1
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18:Lumbar vertebra
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1662:Dorsal surface
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1650:Pelvic surface
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1514:posterior arch
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1301:External links
1299:
1296:
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1286:
1284:(Introduction)
1236:
1200:
1181:
1130:
1117:
1099:
1094:Gray's Anatomy
1069:
1068:
1062:Gray's Anatomy
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1015:
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560:Main article:
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284:vertebral body
279:
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262:and a pair of
256:vertebral arch
252:vertebral body
236:
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2285:
2283:
2279:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2253:Sacral plexus
2251:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
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2202:
2199:
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2185:
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2180:
2179:Lumbar plexus
2177:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
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2155:
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2128:
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2014:
2011:
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1989:
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1931:
1928:
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1925:
1923:
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1915:
1914:Spinal nerves
1908:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1863:Costal margin
1861:
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1846:
1845:Thoracic cage
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1820:Sternal angle
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1780:costal groove
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1758:floating ribs
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1509:anterior arch
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1216:(2): 123–34.
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1053:public domain
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857:Illustrations
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433:spondylolysis
428:
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199:Human anatomy
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166:
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87:Lumbar nerves
85:
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35:
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27:
19:
2301:
2289:
2259:
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2190:
2173:
2121:
2094:
1990:
1971:
1764:
1689:Sacral canal
1590:
1582:
1504:lateral mass
1456:Spinal canal
1433:
1330:February 15,
1328:. Retrieved
1314:February 15,
1312:. Retrieved
1289:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1195:the original
1184:
1176:the original
1147:
1143:
1133:
1125:
1120:
1110:
1092:
1064:
1050:
1044:
680:
676:
648:
642:
632:
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565:
453:
449:
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429:
414:, since the
405:
375:
373:
361:
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343:
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315:
294:
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267:
263:
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255:
251:
249:
246:
202:
176:
174:
128:A02.2.04.001
103:
31:
26:
2100:Intercostal
954:iliac crest
948:. T7 is at
661:chimpanzees
571:spinal cord
311:kyphoplasty
307:bone cement
93:Identifiers
2346:Categories
1753:false ribs
1601:mammillary
1566:transverse
1439:transverse
1234:(Abstract)
1041:References
647:and early
623:Other apes
386:, and the
369:homologous
357:medialward
193:quadrupeds
71:Insertions
2302:posterior
2282:Coccygeal
2260:posterior
2191:posterior
2122:posterior
1992:posterior
1815:Manubrium
1748:true ribs
1596:accessory
1591:Processes
1444:articular
1434:Processes
1382:Vertebrae
682:Proconsul
485:Extension
408:ninth rib
376:tubercles
340:Processes
272:processes
205:vertebrae
2290:anterior
2248:anterior
2174:anterior
2095:anterior
2025:Thoracic
1973:anterior
1922:Cervical
1775:tubercle
1735:Rib cage
1561:inferior
1556:superior
1280:20855303
1230:19688850
1172:43352264
1164:16924205
1128:, p. 17.
1057:page 104
1014:See also
665:gorillas
534:rotation
483:Flexion/
309:as with
302:sagittal
297:pedicles
260:pedicles
211:and the
209:rib cage
2336:Anatomy
1802:Sternum
1449:spinous
1407:pedicle
1372:of the
1271:2981964
669:lordose
639:Miocene
629:bonobos
512:flexion
510:Lateral
416:pylorus
318:laminae
264:laminae
116:D008159
66:Details
2322:Portal
2213:Sacral
2139:Lumbar
1726:Thorax
1706:Coccyx
1613:Sacrum
1412:lamina
1278:
1268:
1228:
1170:
1162:
1065:(1918)
460:
382:, the
254:and a
213:pelvis
185:pelvis
1770:angle
1765:Parts
1499:Atlas
1417:notch
1374:torso
1370:Bones
1168:S2CID
1144:Spine
1055:from
657:clade
532:Axial
472:L4-L5
469:L3-L4
466:L2-L3
463:L1-L2
163:[
99:Latin
82:Nerve
1790:head
1785:neck
1743:Ribs
1713:none
1621:Base
1526:dens
1521:Axis
1402:Arch
1397:Body
1332:2017
1316:2017
1276:PMID
1226:PMID
1160:PMID
1114:p.19
679:and
675:and
663:and
649:Homo
591:ribs
505:17°
502:16°
435:and
362:The
344:The
324:The
316:The
295:The
291:Arch
282:The
278:Body
189:back
183:and
175:The
152:9921
140:1068
123:TA98
111:MeSH
2088:T12
2083:T11
2078:T10
1266:PMC
1258:doi
1254:365
1218:doi
1214:314
1152:doi
694:MRI
637:(a
549:1°
527:3°
499:15°
496:14°
475:L5-
147:FMA
135:TA2
2348::
2241:S5
2236:S4
2231:S3
2226:S2
2221:S1
2167:L5
2162:L4
2157:L3
2152:L2
2147:L1
2073:T9
2068:T8
2063:T7
2058:T6
2053:T5
2048:T4
2043:T3
2038:T2
2033:T1
1965:C8
1960:C7
1955:C6
1950:C5
1945:C4
1940:C3
1935:C2
1930:C1
1274:.
1264:.
1252:.
1248:.
1224:.
1212:.
1166:.
1158:.
1148:31
1146:.
1142:.
1102:^
1073:^
546:2°
543:2°
540:2°
537:2°
524:6°
521:8°
518:6°
515:6°
489:12
477:S1
439:.
427:.
336:.
274:.
2324::
1906:e
1899:t
1892:v
1362:e
1355:t
1348:v
1334:.
1318:.
1282:.
1260::
1232:.
1220::
1154::
593:.
491:°
167:]
20:)
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