515:("prince's regent's time"), as the regency of Luitpold is often called, marked the gradual transfer of Bavarian interests behind those of the German empire. In connection with the unhappy end of the preceding rule of King Ludwig II, this break in the Bavarian monarchy looked even stronger. Finally, the constitutional amendment of 1913 brought the determining break in the continuity of the king's rule in the opinion of historians, particularly as this change had been granted by the Landtag as a House of Representatives and meant therefore indirectly the first step toward parliamentary rule in Bavaria. Today the connection of these two developments is regarded as a main cause for the unspectacular end of the Bavarian kingdom without opposition in the course of the November revolution of 1918. However the course of his 26-year regency Luitpold grew to overcome, by modesty, ability and popularity, the initial uneasiness of his subjects. These prince's regent's years were transfigured, finally – above all in the retrospect – to a golden age of Bavaria, even if one mourned the "fairy tale king" Ludwig II furthermore what happens in a folkloric-nostalgic manner till this day.
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in Munich. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Prince Ludwig, who remained as regent for another year. In 1913, the constitution was amended to add a clause stating that if a regency for reasons of incapacity had lasted for at least 10 years with no prospect of the king being able to actively reign,
491:
It had long been speculated that Ludwig and Otto's diagnoses of mental incapacity were pretexts to shunt them aside, given that they were rather cool toward
Prussia while Luitpold was thought to be pro-Prussian. However, during Luitpold's regency, relations between Munich and Berlin remained cold as
466:
assumed the throne. However, Otto was likewise (or more so) mentally incapable of reigning; he had been under medical supervision since 1883. Accordingly, Luitpold continued to serve as regent. Prince
Luitpold was even accused by some people of the murder of his nephew, but soon the decent and
372:, Prince Luitpold mediated and facilitated an audience of discontented citizens with his father. During the rule of his brother Maximilian II (1848–64), Luitpold did not play a significant political role.
781:
2922:
2068:
345:, who became George I, King of the Hellenes. Otto died in 1867, leaving Luitpold and his descendants as representatives of Otto's claim. However, Luitpold never pursued that claim.
1582:
2191:
2902:
2917:
2892:
565:, Luitpold had a great feeling for the arts. Luitpold's years as regent were marked by tremendous artistic and cultural activity in Bavaria where they are known as the
467:
affable prince became one of
Bavaria's most popular rulers. One of his first actions (on 1 August 1886) was to open several of the palaces of Ludwig II to the public.
504:
the regent could assume the throne in his own right. Soon after this amendment was promulgated, Ludwig ended the regency, deposed Otto and assumed the throne as
532:
484:
as minister president; this also effectively brought about a parliamentarisation of the government, as
Hertling's Centre Party was the largest group in the
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1792:
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Luitpold continued to serve as regent until 1912, when he contracted bronchitis and died in Munich. He is buried in the crypt of the
140:
2174:
2937:
2733:
1953:
Die
Kaiserproklamation in Versailles am 18. Januar 1871 mit einem Verzeichniß der Festtheilnehmer, Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn
1524:
379:(1864–1886), Prince Luitpold had increasingly to represent the royal house due to the king's long absence from the capital. In the
369:
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438:. Otto then criticized the celebration as ostentatious and heartless in a letter to his brother. In 1876, Luitpold was appointed
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Politically, Luitpold remained largely passive. His governments gradually moved away from the previous anti-Catholic
427:
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462:. Luitpold's part is still controversial. Following Ludwig II's mysterious death a few days later, his brother
426:
Since Ludwig, who nonetheless regretted
Bavaria's loss of independence, refused to attend Wilhelm's 18 January
314:
254:
817:
643:
Luitpold's great passion next to the arts was hunting, and his legendary hunts took place throughout
Bavaria.
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2847:
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897:
704:
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562:
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On 10 June 1886, Luitpold's nephew King Ludwig II was declared mentally incompetent and
Luitpold was named
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39:
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310:
184:
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977:
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318:
194:
1983:
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2681:
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2468:
858:
840:
808:
500:
439:
126:
2376:
2128:
1978:
2927:
1324:
1061:
573:. Bavaria prospered under a liberal government and Munich became a cultural centre of Europe.
477:
1917:
2629:
2624:
2338:
2144:
2018:
1328:
1308:
1199:
1159:
851:
686:
656:
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505:
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338:
294:
179:
71:
57:
2480:
2446:
2332:
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Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers
2005:
2001:
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1287:
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67:
8:
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98:
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is a multi-layered cake with chocolate butter cream named in his honour. The vessel
2759:
1212:
1179:
330:
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2195:
1233:
1099:
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1891:
1254:
865:
637:
544:
434:, Ludwig's brother, Prince Otto, and his uncle Luitpold represented him in the
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322:
28:
333:
to the throne of Greece, since his brother Otto had no children. However, the
2816:
493:
459:
408:
388:
357:
952:
2145:
Hof- und
Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg: für das Jahr 1872/73
1982:(1879), "Landtag des Königreiches: Mitglieder der Kammer der Reichsräte".
476:
policies. This development culminated in 1912 when the appointment of the
736:
574:
472:
2353:
615:
306:
94:
539:
2189:
Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum
Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach
2507:
2053:
Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für das Jahr 1908
582:
365:
361:
2330:
671:
596:. Many institutions are named in Luitpold's honour including the
450:
2794:
renounced the title of Prince and rights to the throne of Bavaria
1319:
1155:
1133:
407:
on 3 December 1870, in which Ludwig endorsed the creation of the
229:
2247:
Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie
1583:
Countess Maria Louise Albertine of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg
752:
Greater Royal Coat of Arms of Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria
1304:
603:
588:
There are numerous streets in Bavarian cities and towns called
286:
114:
651:
919:
275:
Luitpold Karl Joseph Wilhelm Ludwig, Prince Regent of Bavaria
454:
Prince Regent Luitpold celebrating his 90th birthday in 1911
2065:
Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha
297:. His regency arose due to his nephews' mental incapacity.
2923:
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Fourth Degree
2067:(1843), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p.
492:
Bavarians resented Prussia's strategic dominance over the
387:. After the war, he participated in the reorganization of
2083:
Hof- und Staatshandbuch für das Königreich Hannover: 1865
2285:(in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 463.
1106:
Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen
982:
Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig
325:. Luitpold was in line to succeed to the throne of the
2903:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
2148:, "Der Großherzogliche Haus-und Verdienst Orden" p. 31
2918:
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
2107:
Kurfürstlich Hessisches Hof- und Staatshandbuch: 1855
2324:
2020:
Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Königreichs Bayern: 1867
2893:
Grand Crosses of the Military Merit Order (Bavaria)
2547:The generations are numbered from the ascension of
2229:
Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg
782:
Royal Bavarian House Equestrian Order of St. George
2305:
1966:Fotoaufnahmen der Kaiserproklamation in Versailles
1793:Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
756:He received the following orders and decorations:
2127:(1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen"
2125:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen
1647:Ernest Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
2814:
2034:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden
1979:Hof- und - Staatshandbuch des Königreichs Bayern
1405:Frederick Michael, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
1333:
585:became an important artists' quarter in Munich.
399:in 1870 and 1871, he represented Bavaria in the
2278:
2269:Albert I; Museum Dynasticum N° .21: 2009/ n° 2.
2211:Staatshandbuch für den Königreich Sachsen: 1901
1380:Ancestors of Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria
663:and his great-grandson Luitpold in the park of
337:required that Otto's heir should belong to the
2310:. Paris: Archives & Culture. p. 421.
2079:
1998:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Bayern
1767:Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
1551:Princess Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt
2523:
2331:Italia : Ministero dell'interno (1898).
1993:
1991:
1945:
1463:Countess Palatine Maria Franziska of Sulzbach
577:wrote about this period "Munich shone" (1902
2073:
2027:
403:. In that capacity, he handed over Ludwig's
356:At the age of fourteen, Luitpold joined the
277:(12 March 1821 – 12 December 1912), was the
1971:
341:. Otto was deposed in 1862 and replaced by
2530:
2516:
1988:
1705:Princess Ernestine of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
682:. Luitpold and Auguste had four children:
678:, Princess of Tuscany, second daughter of
27:
2199:(1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 16
2010:
1958:
701:Maximilian Joseph Maria Arnulf of Bavaria
691:Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria-Este
676:Archduchess Auguste Ferdinande of Austria
141:Archduchess Auguste Ferdinande of Austria
2479:
2389:"Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III"
1525:Prince George William of Hesse-Darmstadt
747:
650:
538:
522:
449:
347:
2898:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria
2361:(in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 149.
2337:. Unione tipografico-editrice. p.
2208:
1731:Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen
1359:Stranger Knight Companion of the Garter
1273:
907:Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order
787:Grand Cross of the Military Merit Order
2883:Burials at the Theatine Church, Munich
2815:
2537:
2445:. Stamperia Granducale. 1855. p.
2334:Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia
2016:
1915:
1825:Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt
1746:
1626:
1622:
1612:
1504:
1394:
1390:
552:in Munich, erected as antipole to the
383:in 1866 Luitpold was commander of the
2913:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter
2511:
1892:"Luitpold | prince regent of Bavaria"
1822:
1812:
1808:
1796:
1790:
1780:
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1754:
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1734:
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1492:
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1434:
1428:
1418:
1402:
1398:
1016:Grand Commander's Cross of the Royal
735:(1884–1916), killed in action during
715:Charlotte Marianne Auguste of Bavaria
317:. He was the younger brother of King
160:
2351:
2282:Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009
2151:
1083:Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown
780:Grand Prior of Upper Bavaria of the
618:. In 1891 Luitpold established the
219:Leopold Charles Joseph William Louis
156:
2908:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
2365:
2209:Sachsen (1901). "Königlich Orden".
2159:"Königlich Preussische Ordensliste"
569:("The Prince Regent Years") or the
215:Luitpold Karl Joseph Wilhelm Ludwig
16:Regent of Bavaria from 1886 to 1912
13:
2873:People from the Kingdom of Bavaria
1609:Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria
527:Augsburg monument by the sculptor
14:
2949:
2496:
2442:Almanacco Toscano per l'anno 1855
2177:, 1886 – via hathitrust.org
1673:Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
818:Grand Cross of the Zähringer Lion
729:Princess Theresa of Liechtenstein
680:Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany
395:of the Bavarian Army, during the
2249:(in German), 1905, pp. 51,
2232:(1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 27
2055:. Braunschweig 1908. Meyer. p. 9
2036:(1862), "Großherzogliche Orden"
2000:(1873), "Königliche Orden", pp.
1918:"Luitpold - Deutsche Biographie"
1350:Honorary Grand Cross of the Bath
1335:
1318:
1297:
1275:
1247:
1226:
1205:
1189:
1169:
1148:
1126:
1092:
1071:
1050:
1029:
991:
970:
938:
918:
884:
864:
857:
850:
829:
794:
762:
264:
2938:Children of Ludwig I of Bavaria
2473:
2453:
2433:
2421:(in Swedish), 1911, p. 509
2406:
2395:(in Spanish), 1900, p. 172
2381:
2345:
2299:
2272:
2263:
2235:
2221:
2202:
2181:
2137:
2118:
2098:
2058:
2046:
1041:Grand Cross of the White Falcon
655:The Prince Regent with his son
152:
49:10 June 1886 – 12 December 1912
2489:. 10 March 1911. p. 2047.
1936:
1909:
1884:
1431:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
315:Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen
255:Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen
1:
2213:. Dresden: Heinrich. p.
1873:
705:Archduchess Gisela of Austria
375:With the reign of his nephew
300:
2110:. Waisenhaus. 1855. p.
1951:Dr. Theodor Toeche-Mittler:
563:Domenico Quaglio the Younger
7:
2765:Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria
2306:M. & B. Wattel (2009).
2217:– via hathitrust.org.
1371:
1200:Grand Cross of the Redeemer
1115:Knight of the Golden Fleece
1018:House Order of Hohenzollern
687:Ludwig III, King of Bavaria
385:3rd Royal Bavarian Division
10:
2954:
2838:20th-century German people
2833:19th-century German people
2429:– via gupea.ub.gu.se
1922:www.deutsche-biographie.de
1740:
1624:
1498:
1392:
1238:Order of the Chrysanthemum
1217:Knight of the Annunciation
875:Saxe-Ernestine House Order
743:
445:
352:Prince Luitpold of Bavaria
2888:Field marshals of Bavaria
2788:
2752:
2724:Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
2716:
2659:
2612:
2581:
2560:
2545:
1810:
1802:
1774:
1752:
1748:
1712:
1690:
1682:
1654:
1632:
1628:
1590:
1568:
1560:
1532:
1510:
1506:
1470:
1448:
1440:
1412:
1396:
1329:Grand Cross of St. Joseph
1004:Knight of the Black Eagle
929:Knight of the Golden Lion
725:Adalbert Maria of Bavaria
646:
640:were named for Luitpold.
518:
343:Prince William of Denmark
260:
250:
240:
228:
212:
207:
203:
170:
134:
121:
104:
81:
77:
63:
53:
45:
38:
33:The Prince Regent in 1888
26:
21:
2800:also an Infante of Spain
2279:Jørgen Pedersen (2009).
2163:Preussische Ordens-Liste
2023:. Landesamt. p. 94.
1878:
630:SMS Prinzregent Luitpold
319:Maximilian II of Bavaria
309:, the third son of King
40:Prince Regent of Bavaria
2645:Prince Ludwig Ferdinand
2080:Staat Hannover (1865).
1896:Encyclopædia Britannica
1062:Knight of the Rue Crown
841:Order of Henry the Lion
809:House Order of Fidelity
531:on top of the fountain
428:proclamation as Emperor
2878:Deaths from bronchitis
2760:Franz, Duke of Bavaria
2667:Crown Prince Rupprecht
2461:The Knights of England
2415:Sveriges statskalender
2393:Guóa Oficial de España
1942:Nohbauer, 1998, p. 37.
1916:Biographie, Deutsche.
1325:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1309:Knight of the Seraphim
1236:: Grand Cordon of the
1160:Knight of the Elephant
1136:: Grand Cordon of the
961:Military Merit Cross,
753:
667:
561:Tutored as a child by
558:
536:
455:
353:
285:from 1886 to 1912, as
214:
2594:King Otto I of Greece
2086:. Berenberg. p.
1286:: Grand Cross of the
1178:: Grand Cross of the
984:, with Golden Crown,
873:: Grand Cross of the
839:: Grand Cross of the
751:
727:(1852–1907). Married
703:(1846–1930). Married
689:(1845–1921). Married
654:
555:Berlin Victory Column
542:
526:
453:
391:. In 1869, he became
351:
339:Greek Orthodox Church
305:Luitpold was born in
2868:People from Würzburg
2858:House of Wittelsbach
2848:20th-century regents
2843:19th-century regents
2459:Shaw, Wm. A. (1906)
2194:30 July 2019 at the
1288:Order of Charles III
1267:Knight of St. Andrew
1261:Knight of St. George
1037:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
946:Grand Duchy of Hesse
898:Knight of St. George
776:Knight of St. Hubert
721:Prince Franz Joseph
670:On 1 April 1844, in
634:Imperial German Navy
599:Prinzregententheater
590:Prinzregentenstrasse
533:Prinzregentenbrunnen
436:Palace of Versailles
432:Palace of Versailles
401:German General Staff
368:in 1835. During the
360:and was promoted to
159:; died
2573:Prince Karl Theodor
2549:Maximilian I Joseph
1489:Ludwig I of Bavaria
951:Grand Cross of the
925:Electorate of Hesse
674:, Luitpold married
550:Prinzregentenstraße
397:Franco-Prussian War
381:Austro-Prussian War
370:revolutions of 1848
311:Ludwig I of Bavaria
245:Ludwig I of Bavaria
2863:Princes of Bavaria
2853:Regents of Bavaria
2775:Prince Franz-Josef
2589:King Maximilian II
2539:Princes of Bavaria
2503:The regent's photo
2486:The London Gazette
998:Kingdom of Prussia
892:Kingdom of Hanover
770:Kingdom of Bavaria
754:
668:
665:Nymphenburg Palace
625:Prinzregententorte
620:Luitpold Gymnasium
567:Prinzregentenjahre
559:
537:
482:Georg von Hertling
456:
354:
335:Greek constitution
327:Kingdom of Bavaria
2933:Heirs presumptive
2808:
2807:
2744:Prince Konstantin
2373:Almanach de Gotha
2317:978-2-35077-135-9
2292:978-87-7674-434-2
1870:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1196:Kingdom of Greece
1058:Kingdom of Saxony
871:Ernestine duchies
733:Heinrich Luitpold
571:Prinzregentenzeit
513:Prinzregentenzeit
393:Inspector General
289:for his nephews,
272:
271:
224:
223:
129:, Munich, Bavaria
2945:
2801:
2795:
2697:Prince Ferdinand
2532:
2525:
2518:
2509:
2508:
2491:
2490:
2477:
2471:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2420:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2385:
2379:
2371:Justus Perthes,
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2276:
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2267:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2239:
2233:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2206:
2200:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2155:
2149:
2141:
2135:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2077:
2071:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2014:
2008:
1995:
1986:
1975:
1969:
1962:
1956:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1888:
1386:
1385:
1377:
1376:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1323:
1322:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1213:Kingdom of Italy
1211:
1209:
1208:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1180:Legion of Honour
1174:
1173:
1172:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1138:Order of Leopold
1132:
1130:
1129:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1035:
1033:
1032:
996:
995:
994:
976:
974:
973:
957:18 November 1849
944:
942:
941:
923:
922:
890:
888:
887:
869:
868:
862:
861:
855:
854:
835:
833:
832:
800:
798:
797:
768:
766:
765:
331:heir presumptive
268:
205:
204:
190:Princess Theresa
164:
162:
158:
154:
111:
108:12 December 1912
91:
89:
31:
19:
18:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2784:
2770:Prince Luitpold
2748:
2729:Prince Heinrich
2712:
2703:Prince Adalbert
2692:Prince Heinrich
2655:
2630:King Ludwig III
2608:
2604:Prince Adalbert
2599:Prince Luitpold
2577:
2556:
2553:King of Bavaria
2541:
2536:
2499:
2494:
2478:
2474:
2458:
2454:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2398:
2396:
2387:
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2370:
2366:
2358:
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2346:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2255:
2253:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2222:
2207:
2203:
2196:Wayback Machine
2186:
2182:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2142:
2138:
2123:
2119:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2078:
2074:
2063:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2032:
2028:
2017:Bayern (1867).
2015:
2011:
1996:
1989:
1976:
1972:
1964:H. Schnaebeli:
1963:
1959:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1374:
1369:
1336:
1334:
1317:
1298:
1296:
1292:3 February 1863
1276:
1274:
1248:
1246:
1234:Empire of Japan
1227:
1225:
1206:
1204:
1190:
1188:
1170:
1168:
1149:
1147:
1127:
1125:
1100:Austrian Empire
1093:
1091:
1072:
1070:
1051:
1049:
1030:
1028:
1010:; with Collar,
992:
990:
986:4 November 1862
971:
969:
939:
937:
917:
885:
883:
863:
856:
849:
830:
828:
795:
793:
763:
761:
746:
731:and had a son,
659:, his grandson
649:
594:Luitpoldstrasse
521:
501:Theatinerkirche
448:
413:King of Prussia
329:, and was also
303:
217:
199:
166:
150:
146:
143:
130:
127:Theatinerkirche
113:
109:
93:
87:
85:
70:
34:
22:Prince Luitpold
17:
12:
11:
5:
2951:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2796:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2780:Prince Leopold
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2753:6th generation
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2717:5th generation
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2660:4th generation
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2642:
2637:
2635:Prince Leopold
2632:
2627:
2622:
2620:King Ludwig II
2616:
2614:
2613:3rd generation
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2582:2nd generation
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2564:
2562:
2561:1st generation
2558:
2557:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2535:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2498:
2497:External links
2495:
2493:
2492:
2472:
2452:
2432:
2405:
2380:
2364:
2344:
2323:
2316:
2298:
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2271:
2262:
2243:"Ritter-Orden"
2234:
2220:
2201:
2180:
2150:
2136:
2117:
2097:
2072:
2057:
2045:
2026:
2009:
1987:
1970:
1968:, Berlin, 1871
1957:
1955:, Berlin, 1896
1944:
1935:
1908:
1882:
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1389:
1382:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1356:
1343:United Kingdom
1331:
1315:
1294:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1255:Russian Empire
1244:
1223:
1202:
1186:
1184:September 1857
1166:
1145:
1144:– wedding gift
1123:
1122:
1121:
1112:
1089:
1068:
1047:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1014:
988:
967:
966:
965:
959:
935:
915:
914:
913:
904:
881:
847:
826:
825:
824:
815:
807:Knight of the
791:
790:
789:
784:
778:
758:
745:
742:
741:
740:
718:
708:
694:
648:
645:
638:Luitpold Coast
545:Angel of Peace
529:Franz Bernauer
520:
517:
447:
444:
421:German Emperor
323:Otto of Greece
313:and his wife,
302:
299:
291:King Ludwig II
270:
269:
262:
258:
257:
252:
248:
247:
242:
238:
237:
232:
226:
225:
222:
221:
210:
209:
201:
200:
198:
197:
192:
187:
185:Prince Leopold
182:
176:
174:
168:
167:
148:
144:
139:
138:
136:
132:
131:
125:
123:
119:
118:
112:(aged 91)
106:
102:
101:
83:
79:
78:
75:
74:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
42:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2950:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2928:Sons of kings
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
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2874:
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2849:
2846:
2844:
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2839:
2836:
2834:
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2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
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2818:
2811:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2734:Prince Ludwig
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2708:Prince Joseph
2706:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2687:Prince Konrad
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2652:
2651:Prince Alfons
2649:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2640:Prince Arnulf
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2568:King Ludwig I
2566:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2528:
2526:
2521:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2488:
2487:
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2476:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2448:
2444:
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2436:
2417:
2416:
2409:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2357:
2356:
2352:刑部芳則 (2017).
2348:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2327:
2319:
2313:
2309:
2302:
2294:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2275:
2266:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2231:
2230:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2184:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2165:(in German),
2164:
2160:
2154:
2147:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2054:
2049:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2022:
2021:
2013:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1992:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1967:
1961:
1954:
1948:
1939:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1883:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1400:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1364:
1363:10 March 1911
1360:
1357:
1355:
1354:19 March 1901
1351:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1224:
1222:
1221:13 April 1883
1218:
1214:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:French Empire
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1027:
1023:
1022:22 March 1877
1019:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
989:
987:
983:
979:
968:
964:
960:
958:
954:
950:
949:
947:
936:
934:
933:7 August 1854
930:
926:
921:
916:
912:
908:
905:
903:
899:
896:
895:
893:
882:
880:
876:
872:
867:
860:
853:
848:
846:
842:
838:
827:
823:
819:
816:
814:
810:
806:
805:
803:
792:
788:
785:
783:
779:
777:
774:
773:
771:
760:
759:
757:
750:
738:
734:
730:
726:
724:
719:
716:
714:
709:
706:
702:
700:
695:
692:
688:
685:
684:
683:
681:
677:
673:
666:
662:
658:
653:
644:
641:
639:
635:
631:
627:
626:
621:
617:
613:
612:Luitpoldhalle
609:
608:Luitpoldarena
605:
601:
600:
595:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
557:
556:
551:
547:
546:
541:
534:
530:
525:
516:
514:
509:
507:
502:
497:
495:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
474:
468:
465:
461:
452:
443:
441:
440:Field Marshal
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
409:German Empire
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:Bavarian Army
386:
382:
378:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
358:Bavarian Army
350:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
267:
263:
259:
256:
253:
249:
246:
243:
239:
236:
233:
231:
227:
220:
216:
211:
206:
202:
196:
195:Prince Arnulf
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
175:
173:
169:
142:
137:
133:
128:
124:
120:
116:
107:
103:
100:
96:
92:12 March 1821
84:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59:
58:Prince Ludwig
56:
52:
48:
44:
41:
37:
30:
25:
20:
2810:
2739:Prince Eugen
2682:Prince Georg
2677:Prince Franz
2598:
2484:
2475:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2441:
2435:
2423:, retrieved
2414:
2408:
2397:, retrieved
2392:
2383:
2372:
2367:
2354:
2347:
2333:
2326:
2307:
2301:
2281:
2274:
2265:
2254:, retrieved
2246:
2237:
2227:
2223:
2210:
2204:
2187:
2183:
2166:
2162:
2153:
2143:
2139:
2124:
2120:
2106:
2100:
2082:
2075:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2048:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2012:
1997:
1977:
1973:
1965:
1960:
1952:
1947:
1938:
1926:. Retrieved
1921:
1911:
1899:. Retrieved
1895:
1886:
1608:
1362:
1353:
1352:(military),
1312:
1291:
1242:23 July 1894
1241:
1220:
1183:
1163:
1141:
1118:
1109:
1086:
1065:
1044:
1021:
1011:
1008:25 June 1840
1007:
985:
963:17 June 1873
962:
956:
953:Ludwig Order
932:
910:
901:
878:
844:
821:
812:
755:
722:
712:
707:; had issue.
698:
693:; had issue.
669:
642:
623:
622:in Munich.
597:
593:
589:
587:
578:
570:
566:
560:
553:
543:
512:
510:
498:
490:
478:Centre Party
471:
469:
457:
425:
404:
374:
355:
321:and of King
304:
278:
274:
273:
218:
110:(1912-12-12)
2828:1912 deaths
2823:1821 births
2672:Prince Karl
2625:King Otto I
2481:"No. 28474"
2355:明治時代の勲章外交儀礼
1924:(in German)
1313:31 May 1910
1263:, 4th Class
1164:18 May 1891
1079:Württemberg
737:World War I
717:(1850–1925)
579:Gladius Dei
575:Thomas Mann
480:politician
473:Kulturkampf
405:Kaiserbrief
235:Wittelsbach
2817:Categories
2467:, London,
2169:, Berlin:
1928:13 January
1874:References
879:March 1839
506:Ludwig III
301:Early life
180:Ludwig III
88:1821-03-12
978:Oldenburg
837:Brunswick
711:Princess
661:Rupprecht
583:Schwabing
417:Wilhelm I
411:with the
377:Ludwig II
366:artillery
295:King Otto
281:ruler of
261:Signature
117:, Bavaria
68:Ludwig II
54:Successor
2555:in 1806.
2192:Archived
1372:Ancestry
672:Florence
636:and the
616:Nürnberg
610:and the
606:and the
307:Würzburg
279:de facto
213:German:
95:Würzburg
2425:8 March
2399:24 June
2375:(1913)
2256:24 June
1901:11 June
1156:Denmark
1134:Belgium
744:Honours
713:Therese
699:Leopold
697:Prince
632:of the
548:in the
486:Landtag
446:Regency
430:in the
364:of the
362:captain
283:Bavaria
165:
149:
145:
99:Bavaria
64:Monarch
46:Regency
2469:p. 203
2314:
2289:
2129:pp. 10
2038:pp. 32
1984:p. 136
1340:
1305:Sweden
1302:
1280:
1252:
1231:
1210:
1153:
1131:
1097:
1076:
1055:
1034:
975:
943:
889:
834:
799:
767:
723:Arnulf
657:Ludwig
647:Family
604:Munich
519:Legacy
494:empire
460:Regent
287:regent
251:Mother
241:Father
155:
135:Spouse
122:Burial
115:Munich
2419:(PDF)
2377:p. 14
2359:(PDF)
1879:Notes
1283:Spain
802:Baden
419:, as
230:House
208:Names
172:Issue
163:)
151:(
147:
2427:2021
2401:2020
2312:ISBN
2287:ISBN
2258:2020
1930:2022
1903:2016
1823:15.
1765:14.
1703:13.
1645:12.
1581:11.
1523:10.
1142:1900
1119:1849
1110:1846
1087:1869
1066:1871
1045:1888
1012:1861
911:1861
902:1861
845:1898
822:1854
813:1854
511:The
464:Otto
293:and
161:1864
157:1844
105:Died
82:Born
72:Otto
2551:as
2447:274
2175:935
2133:130
1791:7.
1729:3.
1671:6.
1607:1.
1549:5.
1487:2.
1461:9.
1429:4.
1403:8.
614:in
602:in
592:or
581:).
508:.
2819::
2798:§
2792:≠
2699:≠§
2483:.
2463:,
2391:,
2339:54
2251:55
2245:,
2173:,
2161:,
2131:,
2112:12
2092:79
2090:,
2088:38
2042:44
2040:,
2006:12
2004:,
1990:^
1920:.
1894:.
1361:,
1346::
1327::
1311:,
1307::
1290:,
1257::
1240:,
1219:,
1215::
1198::
1182:,
1162:,
1158::
1140:,
1117:,
1108:,
1102::
1085:,
1081::
1064:,
1060::
1043:,
1039::
1020:,
1006:,
1000::
980::
955:,
948::
931:,
927::
909:,
900:,
894::
877:,
843:,
820:,
811:,
804::
772::
496:.
488:.
442:.
423:.
415:,
153:m.
97:,
2647:§
2531:e
2524:t
2517:v
2465:I
2449:.
2341:.
2320:.
2295:.
2215:4
2171:4
2167:1
2114:.
2094:.
2069:6
2002:7
1932:.
1905:.
739:.
535:.
90:)
86:(
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