283:
332:
deeply integrated into the
Congolese educational framework, the proportion of Congolese students steadily increased, ultimately comprising the majority of the student body. Nonetheless, despite the growing Congolese influence in Lovanium's administration, it stayed predominantly Belgian for several years post-independence. For instance, in the 1961-62 academic year, 83% of the full-time faculty were Belgian, while only 5% were Congolese. This stark disparity in faculty composition engendered tensions between staff and students, exacerbated by divergent political ideologies and
110:
433:, with durations ranging from one week to four months. The inaugural seminar was convened prior to Congo's independence, and the program subsequently expanded in the ensuing years. During the 1962-63 academic year, the Institute planned to offer seminars on an array of pertinent topics, including economic issues, management functions, enterprise management, public administration organization, administrative work organization, technical services organization, and personnel administration.
384:), primarily targeted individuals who had completed a four-year terminal secondary course. Kisantu offered a two-year day course, while the other three institutes provided one-year evening courses, particularly catering to those already engaged in daytime employment but eager to continue their education. Admission to these courses was open to people who had completed five years of secondary education or those who had completed four years and passed an entrance examination.
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445:. One significant change was the introduction of English as a compulsory second language in these courses. Before independence, only students preparing for engineering were required to study English. However, by the 1961-62 academic year, English had become a mandatory subject for all students in the five pre-university courses. Another notable change was the removal of
361:, Lovanium instituted a range of preparatory and outreach programs distributed across the country. These initiatives aimed at individuals who, due to various reasons, were unable to finish their secondary education but sought advanced learning opportunities. The first of these initiatives was a full-time, one-year course of scientific and general training at
454:
1962-63, all students preparing for this examination were required to take seven subjects, including Latin. Lovanium also revised the admission requirements for various scientific and medical degree courses, allowing students who passed the third central jury examination, which did not include Latin, to enter these courses for the first time.
219:. The university maintained close ties with its founding university in Belgium through the establishment of the Higher Academic Council, comprising rectors and professors from both institutions, which played a consultative role in shaping Lovanium's academic and administrative policies. Lovanium consisted of several faculties including
458:
offered, Latin. If the course in
African culture and linguistics was included, this proportion rose to 70 percent for the courses leading to the first and fourth examinations. In contrast, mathematics was allocated 60 percent of the time dedicated to required subjects in the course leading to the third examination.
387:
By the 1963-64 academic year, the preparatory institutes had expanded to offer evening courses to approximately 200 students, although the
Stanleyville institute had ceased operations after the 1962-63 academic year. The curriculum encompassed a wide array of subjects, including biology, chemistry,
331:
By the 1963-64 academic year, the
Congolese student population had increased to 743, alongside 211 non-Congolese Africans and 133 non-African students, with representation from 14 countries, including nine where English was the primary language of instruction. As Lovanium expanded and became more
323:
to LĂ©opoldville to enhance
Congolese participation in the institution's administration. Despite initial challenges, such as a decline in student enrollment post-independence, with total enrollment plummeting from 485 to 413 students due to the exodus of nearly all non-African students, Lovanium's
513:
extended support to
Lovanium University through hard currency grants, specifically designated for the development and equipping of key university facilities. In 1962, West Germany allocated $ 950,000 for the construction and equipping of a student dormitory and $ 1,300,000 for a hospital clinic,
457:
Languages continued to hold a prominent place in the pre-university curriculum. In the 1962-63 academic year, over half of the total time allocated to required subjects in the courses leading to the first, second, and fourth central jury examinations was devoted to
English, French, and, where
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The curriculum for pre-university courses also underwent revisions in subject requirements. For example, in 1939-60, students preparing for the first central jury examination were required to study French, Latin, and philosophy, along with four other subjects from a list of eight. However, by
396:
Lovanium extended its educational services through a variety of extension programs aimed at reaching a broader audience. These programs were administered by the
University's autonomous department of University Extension, established in 1962 with the express purpose of making the university's
290:
Lovanium's student demographic was notably cosmopolitan, with a considerable representation of non-Congolese and non-African students. Despite an initial enrollment of only 33 students in the 1954-55 academic year, Lovanium experienced consistent growth, awarding a total of 228 diplomas and
344:, frequently clashed with the predominantly clerical leadership of the institution. By 1963, however, the council's composition had dramatically shifted, with 10 of the 17 members being Congolese. Lovanium's student body exceeded 1,000 during the 1963-64 academic year.
388:
English, French, geography, history, mathematics, physics, and religion or moral education. While these courses were primarily intended to prepare students for graduate programs, they did not entirely correspond to the humanities programs offered in secondary schools.
179:(Fondation médicale de l'université de Louvain au Congo), was founded in 1926, with the goal of forming Congolese medical personnel and researchers specialized in tropical medicine. In 1932 the Catholic University of Louvain founded the
424:
Through its
Institute of Social and Economic Research, the university provided in-service training for Congolese managerial personnel of private companies. These individuals were selected for advancement under their companies'
504:
Throughout its early years, Lovanium
University relied heavily on external financial backing to sustain its functions and extend its infrastructure. The Belgian government provided an annual subsidy of 61,680,000
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449:
from the curriculum. Before independence, Flemish was offered in the four courses that prepared students for the central jury examinations, but by the 1961-62 academic year, it had been completely phased out.
1996:
1388:
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population rebounded, with enrollment rising from 413 in the 1960-61 academic year to 1,087 in 1963-64. Financial support from the Congolese government and USAID facilitated the construction of a three-wing
365:, designed to prepare students with five years of secondary education for both graduate and pre-university courses. This effort was soon followed by the establishment of three additional institutes in
2021:
416:, and cultural weekends. These activities were designed to engage the broader community, including those who might not have had the opportunity to pursue formal education at the university level.
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267:. Its early growth was heavily reliant on financial support from various international sources, including substantial subsidies from the colonial government, as well as funding from the
1439:
404:, a bimonthly review first issued in 1961. This publication aimed to introduce the contemporary world of ideas and events to Congolese readers. The University Extension also organized
1989:
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1982:
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2005:
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intellectual assets accessible to a wider populace. This department was tasked with overseeing the preparatory institutes, summer sessions, and various other activities.
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These preparatory institutes, colloquially referred to as the "junior college program" (though not entirely aligned with the academic rigor typically associated with
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programs, which aimed to increase the representation of Africans in leadership positions. The Institute organized several residential seminars in
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529:. Moreover, USAID dispensed scholarship grants in several academic years: $ 400,000 in 1961-62, $ 240,000 in 1962-63, and $ 400,000 in 1963-64.
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1022:
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One of the key components of the University Extension's activities was the publication of educational materials. Among the most notable was
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In its quest to extend education beyond conventional university limits and address the educational deficiencies prevalent in the then-
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525:, contributed $ 409,000 for one-third of the student dormitory construction expenses and $ 330,000 for the expansion of the
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377:) during the 1962-63 academic year. These institutes were funded by a $ 100,000 grant from the Ford Foundation.
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187:. Cadulac was specialized in agricultural sciences and formed the basis for what was later to become Lovanium.
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In August 1971, the university merged with two other universities in the Congo to form the federalized
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Greenhouse, Steven (2 June 1988). "Kinshasa Journal; Hunger Competes With a Thirst for Knowledge".
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17:
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484:; UNAZA). Between 1980 and 1991, the universities were again divided into three institutions, the
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315:, newly promulgated statutes significantly restructured Lovanium's governance, relocating the
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Lovanium University students marching during the Independence Day celebration on 30 June 1960.
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151:. The university continued to function after independence until it was merged into the
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lasting at least four years, and 94 additional awards encompassing special or
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Faculty of Architecture, Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning
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In-service training and the Institute of Social and Economic Research
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Faculty of Economic, Social and Political Sciences and Communication
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Laboratory for the Analysis of Organisational Communication Systems
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307:, was established at Lovanium in 1958 in conjunction with the U.S.
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already operated multiple institutes for higher education in the
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1352:
759:. New York. pp. Section A, Page 4, Column 3, Foreign Desk.
731:. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Publications. pp. 102–122.
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31:
537:
Lovanium University consisted of several faculties including:
183:(Centres agronomiques de l'université de Louvain au Congo) in
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Democratic Republic of the Congo building and structure stubs
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2022:École d'Informatique d'Électronique et d'Expertise comptable
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Spies in the Congo: America's Atomic Mission in World War II
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certificates during 1958-63. This included 134 first-degree
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27:
Catholic university that was the first in the Belgian Congo
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United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
864:
United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
113:
Buildings of the former Lovanium University in the modern
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La future université catholique au Congo belge occidental
279:(USAID) and was lauded as the best university in Africa.
228:
30:"Lovanium" redirects here. For the city in Belgium, see
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Catholic Church in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1625:
Orchestre Symphonique des Étudiants de Louvain-la-Neuve
1013:
918:(in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
499:
1430:
Centre d'Etudes des Crises et Conflits Internationaux
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Universities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature
2006:
Universities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1425:
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters
436:
155:in 1971. It can be considered an antecedent of the
1384:Marie Haps Faculty of Translation and Interpreting
1000:
277:United States Agency for International Development
207:in Belgium, from which it derived its name, with
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1855:ITL International Journal of Applied Linguistics
1495:Cahiers de l'Institut de Linguistique de Louvain
750:
748:
143:. The university was established in 1954 on the
2252:Educational institutions disestablished in 1971
1420:Center for Operations Research and Econometrics
462:Transition to the National University of Zaire
303:certificates. Africa's first nuclear reactor,
195:The university was established in 1954 on the
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1990:
1155:American College of the Immaculate Conception
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729:Education in the Democratic Republic of Congo
348:Preparatory institutes and extension programs
441:Lovanium implemented several changes in its
402:Antennes, Chroniques Culturelles Congolaises
44:
1800:Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies
1508:Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium
1236:Split of the Catholic University of Louvain
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720:
514:along with $ 8,000 for eight scholarships.
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1997:
1983:
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697:Kinshasa: from one neighborhood to another
2242:Former Catholic universities and colleges
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2267:1954 establishments in the Belgian Congo
1489:International Philosophical Bibliography
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717:
281:
108:
2112:Christian Bilingual University of Congo
1226:Belgian American Educational Foundation
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556:Political, Social and Economic Sciences
311:program. In June 1960, just before the
167:Before the foundation of Lovanium, the
14:
2224:
688:
336:. The student body, many of whom were
1978:
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883:. New York, New York, United States:
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523:Agency for International Development
1805:Rega Institute for Medical Research
942:. Washington, D.C., United States:
862:. Washington, D.C., United States:
689:Muketa, Jacques Fumunzanza (2008).
500:Financial support and contributions
24:
2173:This article on an institution of
2017:Académie des Beaux-Arts (Kinshasa)
1456:Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc
699:] (in French). Paris, France:
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1477:Presses universitaires de Louvain
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692:Kinshasa: d'un quartier Ă l'autre
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437:Changes in pre-university courses
2272:1971 disestablishments in Africa
2179:Democratic Republic of the Congo
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2122:Eben-Ezer University of Minembwe
199:plateau, near LĂ©opoldville (now
162:
2107:Adventist University of Lukanga
1948:Evangelical Theological Faculty
1848:Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique
1502:Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique
203:). Lovanium was founded by the
2142:Protestant University in Congo
1635:Progressive Congolese Students
1483:Revue philosophique de Louvain
1410:Higher Institute of Philosophy
1122:Catholic University of Mechlin
1001:Universities of Louvain/Leuven
930:
682:
665:
169:Catholic University of Louvain
13:
1:
2027:Christian Alliance University
1544:Louvain-la-Neuve Science Park
1379:Louvain School of Engineering
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482:Université Nationale du Zaïre
205:Catholic University of Leuven
2185:. You can help Knowledge by
2127:National University of Zaire
2117:Congolese Diplomatic Academy
2102:Adventist University of Goma
2097:Université Libre de Kinshasa
1960:Academic libraries in Leuven
1630:24h vélo de Louvain-la-Neuve
1374:Louvain School of Management
532:
478:National University of Zaire
468:National University of Zaire
153:National University of Zaire
7:
966:History of Higher Education
961:The New Yorker 1962 article
606:Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum
190:
10:
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2137:University Shalom of Bunia
1534:Louvain-la-Neuve Cyclotron
1104:State University of Leuven
912:"Présentation de l'Unikin"
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2012:
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946:. 1966. pp. 129–130.
866:. 1966. pp. 124–149.
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80:
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2247:20th century in Kinshasa
2092:University of Mbuji Mayi
2082:University of Lubumbashi
1015:Old University of Leuven
877:Williams, Susan (2016).
494:University of Lubumbashi
2282:Africa university stubs
2067:University of Kisangani
1842:Leuven University Press
1784:Institute of Philosophy
559:Psychology and Pedagogy
431:business administration
2087:University of Mbandaka
2057:University of Kinshasa
2032:University of Bandundu
1964:Universities in Leuven
1877:Arenberg Research-Park
1548:Initialis Science Park
916:Université de Kinshasa
586:Barthélémy Bisengimana
553:Philosophy and Letters
486:University of Kinshasa
472:University of Kinshasa
443:pre-university courses
353:Preparatory institutes
317:administrative council
313:country's independence
297:undergraduate programs
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273:Rockefeller Foundation
237:Philosophy and Letters
157:University of Kinshasa
128:
117:
115:University of Kinshasa
45:
2237:Education in Kinshasa
2132:University of Kalemie
2072:University of Kolwezi
1882:KU Leuven Association
1655:Ion Beam Applications
1193:Désiré-Joseph Mercier
671:Hyacinthe Vanderyst:
596:Nkulu Mitumba Kilombo
581:Simon Mbatshi Batshia
466:Further information:
359:Republic of the Congo
285:
112:
2047:University of Kikwit
2042:University of Kamina
1763:Sint-Katelijne-Waver
1323:Woluwe-Saint-Lambert
1287:Saint-Louis Brussels
1160:St Anthony's College
1063:St Anthony's College
1058:Saint Anne's College
939:Bulletin, Issues 1-6
859:Bulletin, Issues 1-6
701:Éditions L'Harmattan
616:Pius Ngandu Nkashama
576:Valentin Bankumuhari
490:Kisangani University
369:, LĂ©opoldville, and
334:cultural dissonances
2232:Lovanium University
2062:Lovanium University
2052:University of Kindu
1865:Subsidiary entities
1539:Louvain Coopération
1517:Subsidiary entities
1461:CHU UCLouvain Namur
1297:UCLouvain Charleroi
1170:Faculty of Theology
1165:Lovanium University
1048:Saint Ivo's College
1033:Collegium Trilingue
1023:Faculty of Theology
727:World Bank (2005).
679:, 1927, pp.253–257.
601:Valentin Y. Mudimbe
129:Université Lovanium
121:Lovanium University
46:Université Lovanium
39:
38:Lovanium University
2175:tertiary education
2037:University of Goma
1615:Louvain modularity
1038:Holy Ghost College
757:The New York Times
677:Revue missionnaire
631:Étienne Tshisekedi
392:Extension programs
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591:Jacques Depelchin
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887:. p. 258.
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637:Notable faculty
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309:Atoms for Peace
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544:Engineering
541:Agriculture
414:study weeks
406:conferences
225:Engineering
221:Agriculture
73:Established
2226:Categories
1753:Diepenbeek
1529:Aula Magna
1282:FUCaM Mons
1249:Since 1968
1144:of Louvain
1142:University
659:References
492:, and the
275:, and the
253:Psychology
251:Sciences,
211:being the
68:university
1918:Rik Torfs
1913:Mark Waer
1826:UZ Leuven
1819:Hospitals
1777:Faculties
1696:KU Leuven
1620:Claroline
1449:Hospitals
1367:Faculties
1343:Charleroi
1292:CHU Namur
1257:UCLouvain
1132:1835–1968
1114:1834–1835
1096:1817–1835
1007:1425–1797
533:Faculties
375:Kisangani
326:dormitory
241:Political
213:Latinized
1923:Luc Sels
1793:Research
1768:Brussels
1728:Kortrijk
1704:Campuses
1403:Research
1318:Brussels
1265:Campuses
1140:Catholic
922:8 August
565:Theology
562:Sciences
550:Medicine
340:and pro-
321:Brussels
293:diplomas
265:Theology
261:Sciences
257:Pedagogy
249:Economic
233:Medicine
215:form of
209:Lovanium
201:Kinshasa
197:Kimwenza
191:Lovanium
149:Kinshasa
145:Kimwenza
137:Kinshasa
133:Catholic
131:) was a
86:Kimwenza
81:Location
66:Catholic
18:Lovanium
2177:in the
1896:Rectors
1733:Antwerp
1561:Rectors
1524:Musée L
1338:Tournai
1197:Rector
1186:Rector
675:, dans
447:Flemish
363:Kisantu
305:TRIGA I
185:Kisantu
181:Cadulac
177:Fomulac
139:in the
88:plateau
1743:Bruges
1723:Leuven
1716:Cities
1681:Alumni
1353:Dinant
1306:Cities
1221:Alumni
1083:Alumni
891:
735:
707:
367:Bukavu
271:, the
263:, and
245:Social
217:Leuven
175:. The
125:French
100:Campus
53:French
49:
32:Leuven
2181:is a
1940:Other
1835:Press
1758:Aalst
1738:Ghent
1709:KULAK
1650:Ekiga
1470:Press
1358:Yvoir
1348:Namur
695:[
373:(now
319:from
103:Urban
2183:stub
1748:Geel
1640:ANLO
1333:Mons
924:2024
889:ISBN
733:ISBN
705:ISBN
517:The
470:and
295:for
255:and
247:and
76:1954
62:Type
547:Law
229:Law
2228::
1962:·
1645:Oz
914:.
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