535:
555:
723:
1635:
574:
1111:
999:
801:
414:
2433:
2054:
2325:
1178:
1424:
2290:
888:
1375:
1802:
2150:
2026:
45:
1749:
670:
1942:
1275:, as she is known to the people of France, babble and even wrote the Queen some supposed letter about a little love affair between the King and a lady called La Vallier. This Lady Vallier is pleasant, obliging, and beautiful and cheerful. The Queen is of a rather heavy nature, not very talkative: it is said that she does not speak French very well. This is what causes these little jealousies and distractions that the King takes. But it is not for the people to speak ill of their king, touching on such frivolous .
2496:
1664:‘Double adultery’, an extramarital affair in which both parties are married to others, was considered a grave sin by the church, and adulterous women could be imprisoned in a convent for life. Madame de Montespan had to be protected from the legal and personal attacks of her husband (who was known to be physically violent). Lair argues that La Vallière endured these humiliations to protect the interests of her son and because she had little income. Her son was acknowledged by the King in February 1669, created
1469:
1206:(official royal mistress) out of love, despite his desire to avoid offending either public morals or his wife and mother. Seeing La Vallière’s isolation, he wanted to legtimate her position as far as possible. Whether La Vallière asked him to do so, or whether she wanted the position herself, is unknown. A contemporary observer noted that La Vallière had ‘never shown any pride’ when receiving the monarch’s visits. The King lived with her openly, going on walks, hunts, and
936:
2095:, choosing the latter. There were strict requirements for women who sought to enter: they had to have led a ‘regular’ life, demonstrated a ‘good character’, and never been the cause of scandal. As the Carmelites hesitated to accept her because of her public adultery, she sought the help of Judith de Bellefonds, a nun in the convent and the aunt of her friend. In late October 1673, the Marquis of Bellefonds informed her that she would be accepted as a
1460:. On Easter 1667, he took communion again in preparation for the war. In a dispatch from 29 April 1666, a diplomat reported that La Vallière was ‘losing much of her beauty’, becoming ‘very thin’. ‘lmost nobody’ visited her anymore. He found that she was behaving ‘arrogantly’ with courtiers and ‘boldly’ towards the King; public opinion held that she would soon be replaced for this. On 4 May, Louis and Madame de Montespan went on a carriage ride alone.
2429:
answered that whatever La Vallière advised should happen, and she allowed Madame de
Choiseul to attend. Madame de Conti paid the pensions her mother had requested for relatives and old servants. When the Carmelites wanted to support poor people, La Vallière always turned to her daughter, but she often reprimanded her for her ‘light’ conduct (Madame de Conti’s behaviour was often considered ‘inappropriate’ for widows by contemporaries).
1599:: as a duchess, La Vallière attended mass with the Queen, travelled in her carriage, and dined at the royal table. Maria Theresa remained angry with her; neither of them were aware that she had already been supplanted. Montespan and La Vallière were still friends. Many of La Valliére’s early biographers, such as Charles Dreyss or Pierre Clément judged La Vallière harshly for this episode, describing her behaviour as ‘foolish
2803:
2321:
embrace her child because of his young age, and despite the entreaties of Madame
Palatine and her son’ distress, La Vallière did not relent. Both guests left in tears. She resolved to never see her children again, which the King opposed as he believed that they needed the advice of their mother. The Carmelites considered it a duty to maintain family ties if it was not for their own pleasure but as a service to others.
1147:(‘The Pleasures of the Enchanted Isle’) in Versailles (this was the first major event there). It was officially dedicated to Queen Maria Theresa and the Queen Mother, but secretly addressed to La Vallière. She was present and seated at the royal table, even though she was no longer a member of the Orléans household. In June, Louis and his mother had an argument; the Queen Mother reminded her son of the ‘peril to his
2789:
979:. The King was informed during an audience with Spanish envoys, rushed to end the talks, and searched for her personally amid fears that his wife would learn of his affair because of La Vallière’s disappearance. La Fayette claims that Madame and Monsieur were reluctant to admit La Vallière back into their household, but she was permitted to stay. The King’s affair became public when he did not take
2519:, stomach problems, and other, unspecified internal ailments. She tried to hide her pain and only complained of having to still live. She was permitted to rise two hours earlier than the others. She did so on 5 June 1710; at three in the morning, she was going to the chapel when pain overcame her. She leaned against a wall, unable to speak, and was found two hours later. Doctors performed
1255:
Vallière’s idea of a ‘holy devotion’ to her sovereign. According to diplomatic records from early 1665, there was a proposed match between her and the
Marquis of Vardes. Both refused the marriage. The same dispatch mentions that the Palais Brion was attacked but the perpetrators were never identified; the King assigned guards to the house. The first book about La Vallière’s affair, by
1442:. When her husband embarked on a military career, Montespan had an opportunity to seduce the King. She befriended both La Vallière and the Queen, visiting them daily to see the King. La Vallière’s detractors agreed that she could not ‘amuse’ the King without Montespan’s witty conversation. Louis started a sexual relationship with her between November 1666 and July 1667.
1301:, and had at least ‘occasional’ sexual encounters with Madame de Soissons. He probably also slept with other women put forward by factions hoping to replace La Vallière. Their relationship, however, remained strong and La Vallière was reportedly happy. They shared a love of hunting, in which La Vallière was regarded as a talent. A diplomat reported seeing her ride a
2775:
2277:. The mass was conducted by Abbot Pirot, with a sermon by Bossuet who celebrated the ‘renewal’ of La Vallière, contrasting it with the attitude of ‘those seeking glory and fame’. He focused more on warning the King than on speaking to La Vallière. The black veil of professed nuns was blessed by Bossuet and handed to the Queen, who gave it to the
2353:
623:
Their letters were discovered by her mother, who forbade her from writing to him. She had a ‘good reputation’; the Duke once said that La Vallière certainly did not take part in mischief, as ‘she too sensible for that’. Later in life, she attributed the ‘beginning of fall’ to the self-assurance she gained from his praise.
2005:
King ride in a carriage sitting between his two mistresses. During these years, La Vallière practiced charity, especially towards the poor of
Vaujours. She grew close to the Queen who pitied her for her humiliations and appreciated her repentance. Religious practice gained importance in La Vallière’s life: she prayed and
1977:. She took with her none of her belongings and only left a letter to the King. Whereas he had personally pursued La Vallière in 1662, this time Louis continued his planned activities; however, he was noted to have cried during a carriage ride. He sent Lauzun to persuade La Vallière to return, but he failed, as did
1553:
rare perfections, has for some years inspired in us in her favour. The affection we have for and justice not allowing us to deny to nature any longer the effects of our tenderness for Marie-Anne, our natural daughter, in the person of her mother we have provided her with the land of
Vaujours, situated in
1981:, Marquis of Bellefonds, a good friend of La Vallière. To Bellefonds, La Vallière said that she ‘would have left the court sooner’ but she had felt unable to never see the King again. She added that her ‘weakness’ for Louis remained, but she wanted to dedicate the ‘rest of her life’ to ensuring her own
1591:. When the approach of the King was announced, La Vallière commanded her carriage to cut the path through the fields at full speed. Upon reaching the sovereign, La Vallière threw herself at his feet, but he received her coldly. He only paid her a formal visit to satisfy customs. She did not attend the
1552:
We believe that we can no better express to the public the most particular esteem in which we hold the person of our dear and beloved and most loyal Louise de La Vallière than by conferring upon her the highest titles of honour which a most singular affection, aroused in our hearts by an abundance of
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unit despite his lack of experience. After this public show of favour, in July 1663, Soissons and Madame informed the Queen of the King’s affair; Maria
Theresa was devastated and the King furious. Fraser and Petitfils argue that Maria Theresa had to have already suspected her husband’s infidelity: in
2332:
La Vallière’s brother died in
October 1676, followed closely by a nun whom she had known from the Orléans household. She envied them but ‘submit’ to God’s will that she would stay alive ‘as a sacrifice’. Her brother had been indebted, and her creditors approached La Vallière. She petitioned the King
2131:
La Vallière was in debt because of her expenditure (especially on charity), but she had to declare herself debt-free to enter the convent. With
Colbert’s intervention, the King permitted her son, Vermandois, to lend the necessary funds to her. By March 1674, La Vallière had arranged her finances; on
2004:
The King decided to march on
Flanders again and invited La Vallière, who declined. Since her presence was necessary for Montespan, the King commanded her to go. Even her detractors considered her behaviour after her return from Chaillot ‘dignified and reserved’. Onlookers were scandalised to see the
1221:
and an extremely jealous person, publicly rebuked the King for ‘scandalising the nation’ and urged him to ‘correct himself’, claiming to be ‘speaking from God’. The King ridiculed him by touching his forehead and saying, ‘I have always suspected that you have some injury there’ (the exact words have
878:
claims to have been in love with La Vallière, not knowing about her affair. The King saw them when he was painting La Vallière. Brienne complimented her appearance to him, which embarrassed her. Later, discovering Louis and La Vallière together, he understood the situation. Louis then questioned him
622:
was an important topic of conversation among the girls due to plans that the eldest Orléans princess would marry him. In August 1659, the King visited Blois; this was the first time La Vallière saw him. Around the same time, Jacques de
Bragenlonge, son of the Duke’s intendant, fell in love with her.
2194:
La Vallière followed the regulations of the Carmelites from her first day. To Bellefonds, she reported that she felt ‘calm’, ‘content’, and in ‘safety’. The King developed doubts about her decision, as this public conversion highlighted his adultery. Courtiers still did not believe that La Vallière
1101:
on 24 December to counter rumours, but scorn was so great that she fled before the end of the service. Courtiers observed that she was ‘very pale’ and ‘much changed’, taking this as proof that she had given birth. The situation was worsened by a story invented by Boucher: at the same time as he was
2396:
to pray. She was never seen to cry for her son, nor did she talk about her grief. A friend advised her that crying could relieve her and that God did not forbid nuns to grieve. ‘One must sacrifice everything; it is for myself that I must weep’, she answered, referring to her sin of having children
2428:
and forbade her to contact Madame de Choiseul. In response, Marie-Yolande threatened to kill herself; La Vallière advised the family to let her leave. When Marie-Yolande married in 1697, La Vallière’s daughter, Madame de Conti asked the King for permission to invite Madame de Choiseul. Louis
2045:
in January 1674, in her mother’s presence Bellefonds worried that La Vallière’s attachment to her daughter would prevent her from entering the convent. She admitted that she had ‘sensitivity’, but her feelings for her children were conflicted because of their ‘sinful’ birth: ‘I confess that I was
1106:
and taken to deliver the child of a masked woman. Courtiers said that this woman was La Vallière. After the birth, with Queen Maria Theresa aware of the affair, it was impossible to hide the relationship. La Vallière became isolated, as ladies who wanted to retain the favour of the queens did not
2348:
was also published for the first time that year. Despite being anonymous, the book alluded heavily to La Vallière’s person. Its preface covertly attacked the King and Montespan (who was still his mistress) by saying, ‘ay Heaven grant that those who followed her in her sins may imitate her in her
1992:
Colbert asked La Vallière to return so that the King ‘could speak to her further’. She agreed on the condition that Louis would permit her to enter a convent ‘if she persevered’. She had spent around twelve hours in Chaillot. Montespan ran to receive her with open arms and tearful eyes; the King
1254:
Queen Maria Theresa, gravely ill at the time, asked her husband to arrange La Vallière’s marriage; he agreed that she could wed if the queens found a match. Arranging a marriage for their extramarital partners was a common way for monarchs to provide for them, but marrying would have defeated La
2320:
Multiple stories preserved by the Carmelites recount her discipline. One or two years after her entry, Madame Palatine brought La Vallière’s son, Vermandois to visit. When the eight- or nine-year-old wanted to kiss his mother, La Vallière refused him. Even though she would have been allowed to
2114:
to dissuade her. Scarron warned La Vallière that it might be too difficult to live as a Carmelite after the comforts of the royal court, advising her that she should enter as a secular benefactress and see whether she could tolerate the rules. La Vallière answered that this would not be proper
1618:
La Vallière returned to Paris, while the court stayed at Compiègne and Louis went on campaign. The Queen received a letter telling her that the King had taken Montespan as his mistress, but she did not believe it. When the King returned to Compiègne, La Vallière went there; Louis was noted to
1234:
On 7 January 1665 at noon, La Vallière gave birth to a second son in the Palais Brion with Dr Boucher. At nine in the evening, the physician gave the newborn to Colbert who delivered him to Monsieur Bernard, his servant; he was baptised Philippe, registered as the son of ‘François Derssy,
2637:
932:, a contemporary who later wrote a fictionalised biography of Madame, the King disapproved, considering Montalais to be a ‘schemer’. He seems to have been jealous of any close relationship La Vallière had. He disliked her mother and rarely permitted them to see each other.
2468:). She often fasted on bread and water; after experiencing a memory of the refreshments served at the royal court, she only drank half a glass of water for three years. Her physical health was damaged and her superiors urged her to moderate her penance. She suffered from
2543:
around eleven in the morning. When Madame de Conti arrived, her mother could no longer speak. She died at noon on 6 June 1710. When the King was informed of La Vallière’s death, he did not seem moved, saying that she had died for him the day she entered the convent.
467:
of her children and depriving them of their maternal inheritance. Safeguarding the interest of the children, La Vallière’s paternal family persuaded Françoise Le Provost to settle the debts and accept the furnishings of the family home in place of her dower. She
2556:
the corpse, the laypeople present prayed for La Vallière’s intercession with God on their behalf. She was buried in the cemetery of the Carmelite nuns, a small headstone inscribed with her religious name marking the place. The cemetery, including her grave, was
2547:
According to the convent’s customs, La Vallière’s body was displayed in the church behind the grille separating the enclosure. Crowds came to see her, and four nuns were necessary to handle the objects people asked to be touched to her body for a blessing. When
2401:, and La Vallière was again ‘firm and resigned’. Lair argues that this was another form of penance: she refused the usual comforts of mourning people to increase the pain caused by her losses. The next year, her mother died; it is unknown how this affected her.
2391:
The Prioress was tasked with informing La Vallière of his death, but she met her before finding the right words. Seeing her sadness and hesitation, La Vallière (who was aware of her son’s illness but not of its gravity) said, ‘I understand well’ and went to the
1529:
on 24 May; from the ladies of the court, only the Queen and her ladies-in-waiting (including Montespan) were permitted to go. After a few weeks, La Vallière and her sister-in-law travelled to the camp without permission. She arrived at the Queen’s household at
1508:
that he wanted to provide for his mistress and child in case he died in war. He considered it ‘just’ to grant Marie-Anne ‘the honour of her birth’ and reward La Vallière in a way ‘suited to affection’. Her brother was promoted in the army and her uncle made a
793:’). Their sexual relationship started around the end of July 1661, after about six weeks of courtship. The Queen Mother noticed that her son neglected religious practice and around mid-July discovered the identity of La Vallière. She reminded Louis of his
1226:). The Duke retired from public life. Many courtiers were offended by the King’s open adultery, but the common people were singing about it and considered the King’s choice a mark of good taste, as La Vallière was seen as more attractive than the Queen.
1263:(‘Loves of the Palais-Royal’). It depicted La Vallière as a ‘gentle, kind, selfless’ person who loved the King ‘for himself’, concluding that she would ‘always be the King's great love’. She was becoming known around the country as Louis’ mistress.
1763:
After the end of her affair with Louis XIV, La Vallière settled into a quiet life at court. She continued studying, reading historical, theological, and philosophical works. In 1670 (certainly before May), during a near-fatal, long illness (perhaps
1435:
started working to replace her. She was ‘high-spirited and amusing’, considered an extraordinary beauty; with her full figure, she was more in line with contemporary beauty ideals than the thinner La Vallière. She was a member of the salons of the
1993:
talked with her for an hour, crying. Some faulted La Vallière for being ‘inconstant resolution’ to live a religious life, while others thought that she had acted ‘foolishly’ by returning without exploiting her stronger bargaining position. The
685:(‘Madame’). Madame’s household was organised by Madame de Choisy, Jeanne de Bélesbat de Hurault, a distant relative of La Vallière and member of the former Orléans household. She placed La Vallière and Montalais in the new Orléans household as
1386:
Queen Anne died on 20 January 1666, relieving Louis of the only person who could control him. He no longer saw a reason to act against his wishes in his personal life. On the 27, Queen Maria Theresa invited La Vallière to stand next to her at
879:
about his feelings and asked for his painting of La Vallière; Brienne promised never to talk to her again. However, by the time this story supposedly happened, Brienne had probably already heard about the King’s affair from the Queen Mother.
1933:’, and she repented publicly. When she complained of excruciating pain, Feuillet told her to embrace the suffering and think of God. Courtiers remained under the impression of Madame’s sudden death and her repentance for a long time.
1543:
ride, Montespan told Maria Theresa, ‘I admire boldness in daring to appear before the Queen’, adding, ‘God forbid that I should be the King’s mistress! Yet if I were, I should be quite ashamed in front of the Queen’. Maria Theresa
1503:
Legitimising the ‘natural’ children of French kings was regular practice, yet devout courtiers and those anxious for their privileges as ‘lawful’ descendants of aristocratic houses scorned the decision. Louis later explained in his
915:, which she refused. He then attempted to talk to her. La Vallière informed the King, who seems to have believed that Fouquet tried to seduce her. This probably added to his resentment against Fouquet, whose vast fortune, probably
1513:. It seems that La Vallière was not aware that her lover’s actions signalled the end of the relationship. She was pregnant again, but her unborn child (and any later offspring) was not included in the succeession of her duchy.
1619:
sometimes visit her. He then went on a tour of conquered towns, while La Vallière was in Versailles. She re-joined the court in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, where the King visited her thrice a day. On 2 October, she gave birth to
1041:, Soissons drew the King’s attention to Anne-Lucie de La Mothe-Houdancourt. She was famous for her beauty and for not granting sexual favours to her admirers; the King pursued her for some time, but Soisson’s attempt failed.
1642:
Montespan’s husband returned and became extremely jealous, loudly complaining about the relationship between his wife and the King. He publicly lectured Louis on biblical morality, promising to take revenge by contracting a
1534:
on 20 June. Maria Theresa was upset by her coming, cried, did not sleep, felt ill, and had violent outbursts. She forbade her staff from giving food to La Vallière. When she went to church, she ordered the door of the royal
922:
La Vallière grew isolated because of her relationship, as Madame resented her for it. The devotion of the King for La Vallière was strengthened in October 1661, when he had a conflict with his wife who supported her father,
750:
were in love. The King may have been advised to pretend to be in love with others, or they may have decided to do so together with Madame. Huertas and Petitfils suggest that the ploy was Henrietta’s idea to deceive the
1451:
title were renewed, seen by contemporaries as a sign of her retirement. That year, Louis XIV started to pursue personal ‘glory’ through military conquests and magnificent feasts. La Vallière participated in courtly
906:
noticed that the King was neglecting his religious and administrative duties. He learned La Vallière’s identity by 27 June through his network of spies. He wanted to establish a political relationship with the new
2410:
927:
in a diplomatic conflict. If the Orléans household was established separately from the court, the King regularly dined there, probably to see La Vallière. La Vallière grew closer with Montalais. According to
2127:
of the Montespans was pronounced, rendering the use of La Vallière as a front unnecessary. In March 1674, she wrote to Bellefonds that she was ‘leaving the world’ with no ‘regrets’, ‘but not without pain’.
1161:
Louis moved La Vallière back to court. His relationship with his mother deteriorated, and they briefly stopped talking. In September, he took La Vallière to a reunion with his brother and sister-in-law in
1015:
2333:
to allow her nephew to inherit his father’s position. In his reply granting the wish, Louis that he would offer his condolences in person if he were a ‘good enough man to see a Carmelite as holy as’ she.
1081:
child of Colbert’s brother. On 19 December 1663, at around three in the morning, La Vallière gave birth to a son. At six, the physician, Dr Boucher (who also delivered the Queen’s children) took him to a
305:
1814:
1651:(whom he blamed for his wife’s adultery), the King imprisoned him. He was freed on the condition that he exiled himself to his country estate. There, he announced the death of his wife, organised a
1997:
believed that the King would have secretly been happy to ‘get rid of’ La Vallière. Lair argues that Louis still needed La Vallière as a cover for his affair with Montespan because his suit for her
2099:; however, she was unwell and advised to rest. When she returned to court from her retreat to the convent, her impending retirement became public. She was supported in her decision by Bellefonds,
2527:
instead of her usual coarse bedding. Seemingly happy about imminent death, she repeated the phrase, ‘expiring in the most severe pain, that is what befits a sinner’. At night, she asked for
868:
2161:
La Vallière paid her last visits on 18 April, giving pieces of jewellery to her friends. When she said farewell to the King, he cried. She decided to apologise to the Queen publicly. When
2376:. After numerous scandals, the King exiled and briefly imprisoned him in Normandy. La Vallière was distressed by her son’s fate. On his own request, Vermandois was then deployed to the
1496:
Louise-Françoise de La Vallière, and, after her death, by Marie-Anne her heirs and descendants’. Marie-Anne was authorised to use her mother’s surname and soon afterwards given the
1634:
2472:
but did not seek treatment. She asked to be transferred to ‘one of the poorest most distant’ Carmelite convent, which was refused as the nuns appreciated her company and ‘example’.
856:
suggests that La Vallière refrained from pursuing material benefits through her relationship because she needed to conceptualise it as ‘pure’ or ‘holy’ to fit it into her religious
1697:
1432:
264:
1391:
to display her complacency to her husband. However, there were signs that the King’s love was diminishing. Courtiers who sensed the change derided her for not being beautiful and
1077:
and sometimes lost her sight. Colbert arranged for the child to be raised by his servants, Guy Focart Beauchamp and Clémence Pré (a married couple), who were told that it was an
2224:
1840:
claimed that La Vallière could not have written the book as its ‘rationalist tone’ cannot belong to a woman. He argued that no women of La Vallière's time had the knowledge of
2349:
penance and make good use of the time that the mercy of God gives them to think seriously about their salvation’. The book became a success and was soon translated to German.
2313:(who had been almoner in the Orléans household where she lived as a child), by Queen Maria Theresa (who brought along Madame de Montespan twice), and by her childhood friend,
2123:
after her. She and her two brothers were then legitimised; this was a way for the King to protect them from Madame de Montespan’s husband after La Vallière’s retirement. The
2110:
Bossuet helped convince Madame de Montespan to endorse La Vallière’s departure to the King. While she did not oppose it, she ridiculed it publicly. She sent her confidante,
1037:
and accusing La Vallière of trying to undermine her position. The message was intercepted and given to the King, who exiled Guiche. In the summer of 1662, while he was in
771:
495:(uncle of Louis XIV). Saint-Rémy had a daughter of La Vallière’s age, Catherine, and the couple had a third daughter together. The family lived at the Duke’s household in
2115:
penitence. By December 1673, as a result of Montespan’s campaign, courtiers thought that La Vallière had changed her mind and mocked her. In the same month, she stood as
1151:’. Crying, he told his mother that he was ‘sometimes’ ashamed but that his ‘passions had become stronger than his reason’ and he was no longer trying to end his affair.
770:
The King fell in love with La Vallière. She reciprocated his feelings and probably believed them to have been sincere from the beginning. They exchanged letters through
430:
1189:
Lair considers La Vallière as official favourite from the time of the festivities at Villers-Cotterêts. Courtiers now sought to be close to her. When they returned to
2050:
about it These are rather opposite emotions, yet I feel them as I tell you’. She commissioned a painting of her and her children, probably as a remembrance for them.
422:
316:
1407:, and urged Dr Boucher to ensure that the birth was over by the end of mass. She masked the smell of blood with flowers to receive visitors. She was present at the
1110:
1069:, transmitted letters between the couple. When Louis returned in October, La Vallière left Madame's service and the King bought her the small Palais Brion near the
513:
1247:
by Colbert’s wife, Marie Charron. The King visited him often and grew to love him. The child was ‘robust’, ‘promised much’, and resembled his father. He died of a
1865:
2169:
before Maria Theresa, who lifted and embraced her, assuring her that she was forgiven. The sympathy La Vallière aroused worried Montespan, so she invited her to
1500:
of Mademoiselle de Blois. The King lamented his mistake in committing adultery and promising that ‘he shall never return to it’ to his advisors and his wife.
797:
to his country and God, asking him to hide his feelings for La Vallière from his wife. Louis did not end his relationship but promised to conduct it secretly.
1214:
472:
the furniture back to her children with an interest. What happened to La Vallière at this time is unknown, but she may have been sent to her aunts’ convent.
2301:
As a Carmelite sister, she used the name Louise de la Miséricorde (‘Louise of Mercy’). She was reputed to seek the most humbling tasks despite her frequent
2483:(‘The Life of the Duchess of La Vallière’). She became popular among the French; her name was used to sell books to interpret dreams, positioning her as a
1539:
to be closed so that La Vallière could not go near her; when she greeted Maria Theresa in front of the church, the Queen ignored her. During the following
1107:
associate with her. She continued living in the Palais Brion. As companion, she was assigned Claude-Marie du Guast d’Artigny who spied on her for the King.
1097:
Despite precautions, the story spread. People speculated about La Vallière’s disappearance and a talk the King had with Dr Boucher. La Vallière attended
1049:
1662, while giving birth to her second child, she saw La Vallière pass through the room, and said in Spanish, ‘this maiden is the one the King wants’.
2111:
1919:
1328:
origins. During her time as royal mistress, La Vallière played an important role in the intellectual life of the court. She belonged to the circles of
2415:
2234:
preached, highlighted La Vallière as an ‘example to all her century’, but warning her about the difficulties of cloistered life. She then received a
1833:
310:
2709:
2432:
1174:, the King promised his wife that after the age of thirty (he was then twenty-six), he would be an ‘examplary husband’, but left with La Vallière.
1094:
Charles, registered as the son of ‘Monsieur de Lincourt’ and ‘Élisabeth de Beux’, with Beauchamp and his wife as godparents. He died in infancy.
1044:
In 1663, Louis gave a pension to La Vallière’s brother, the Marquis of La Vallière, married him to a wealthy heiress, and put him in charge of a
2132:
18 April, she gave her jewels to her children and petitioned the King to establish pensions for her mother and step-sister, as well as for her
1687:
1345:
2104:
2073:(‘Daughters of the Virgin Mary’) in Chaillot. They lead relatively unrestricted lives, maintainting their social networks and not bound by a
2053:
1903:
1628:
1337:
545:
2388:, declared dead but imprisoned for life. At the time, no one doubted that he had died, and he was mourned publicly for his great potential.
2528:
2177:
also said goodbye. The next day, the court attended mass, where the King cried again and his eyes were red for hours. Then, dressed in her
1823:
1819:
2077:; they could leave or marry at any time. However, when it was suggested to her, La Vallière felt that this would not be enough for her as
2861:
2753:
2573:
Louise de la Vallière had five children by Louis XIV, two of whom survived infancy. The first two were registered under false surnames.
6242:
6237:
2662:
2448:, which Lair considers doubtful. Foreign dignitiaries frequently visited her, as well as Madame de Montespan after her disgrace in the
1595:(royal reception) at night, probably to avoid rebukes By this time, Montespan was certainly Louis’ lover, but he insisted on following
991:
on Easter (which all Catholics were commanded to do), it caused a ‘scandal’. Since people who were ‘living in sin’, such as committing
2479:
declared that her conversion had reasons other than ‘spite’. In 1695, pamphlets written around 1665 were organised into a book titled
2183:, she left for the convent with her children, friends, and family. The court gathered to see her leave. She was permitted to wear the
967:
between Madame and the Count of Guiche, but she refused to answer. After their argument, troubled by Bossuet’s sermons, she fled the
2444:
to Catholicism during his visit to France. Clément claims that she participated in the theological debates of the century concerning
1627:
claims that the King was ‘led to believe’ by Montespan and her supporters that La Vallière’s youngest child had been fathered by the
1898:
for her past sins; for, since her sins had been public, her penance had to be public too’. Courtiers saw her new religiousness as a
2120:
3365:
2324:
1894:
suffer what was most painful for her, to share the King’s heart and see herself despised by him , offer all her pains to God as
1177:
2165:
asked her to not do so ‘in front of everyone’, La Vallière replied, ‘As my crimes were public, my penitence must be , too’. She
1776:
of God’ awakened her. She turned to religion and abandoned her previous, libertine friends. She read the spiritual works of the
873:
590:
Lair says the education of girls in the Orléans court was neglected, while Conley claims that they were taught painting, music,
2220:
1423:
618:’, but agrees that she was well-trained in the necessary skills for a career at court (such as dancing and horse riding). King
560:
2310:
599:
6212:
6173:
4457:
1882:
wanted to allow her to take communion immediately, but she refused, finding herself ‘unworthy’. The second wife of Monsieur,
1403:. During the delivery, Madame passed through her room on the way to church. La Vallière told her that she was suffering from
1143:
1011:
756:
580:
2057:
Madame de Maintenon with two of the children of Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan, the Duke of Maine and the Count of Vexin.
6247:
6079:
6012:
2420:, Duke of Choiseul for her ‘misconduct’. To protect Madame de Choiseul’s sister Marie-Yolande, La Vallière placed her as a
2409:
La Vallière continued to look after her family. Her niece by her brother, Louise-Gabrielle, was repudiated by her husband,
2262:
1883:
1659:, La Vallière remained the official mistress and had to share an apartment with Montespan so that the King could visit her.
1624:
1166:. Queen Maria Theresa could not attend because of her pregnancy, and she was distraught by his behaviour. According to the
1020:
554:
2855:
2243:
6217:
2239:
2436:
Early 19th century painting by Sophie Lemire of a fictional scene in which La Vallière ‘instruct her daughter in piety’.
1875:
defended. Her authorship has been asserted through textual analyses by Jean-Christian Petitfils and Monique de Huertas.
1734:
1445:
It is unclear when sexual relations between La Vallière and the King ended. Plans to arrange her marriage or give her a
1239:’ and his wife, ‘Marguerite Bernard’. La Vallière’s firstborn, Charles, died within two years of his birth, probably of
1038:
573:
6202:
716:
691:. La Vallière and her brother (who was embarking on a military career) had no money, but nobody was willing to lend to
1704:
1171:
455:
Laurent de La Baume Le Blanc died in the summer of 1651, leaving his family in debt. His widow decided to reclaim her
6267:
6252:
6232:
6227:
6125:
6102:
2603:(2 October 1667 – 18 November 1683); died at the age of sixteen during his first military campaign, and had no issue.
2309:, but was only permitted to help novices (as they were given the most humbling chores). She was regularly visited by
2289:
1989:
to retrieve La Vallière, by force if necessary. Montespan opposed her potential return and quarrelled with the King.
435:
2314:
541:
6222:
1256:
980:
804:
Portrait of Anne of Austria from around 1660 from the workshop of Henri and Charles Beaubrun, after an original by
603:
6207:
2229:
1374:
6257:
2594:
2370:
2337:
2216:
1978:
1828:
argued that the book had been conceived by Bossuet and merely written down by La Vallière. However, the style of
1795:
1087:
274:
2341:
1623:, who was taken away in secrecy. The King, who loved his older children by La Vallière, showed no care for him.
887:
6262:
2453:
2344:
visited La Vallière, and Conti treated his mother-in-law with reverence; she became her spiritual advisor. Her
1644:
1286:
273:
duchess and invested with lands. After an illness in 1670, La Vallière turned to religion, and wrote a popular
2702:
1946:
1415:
claimed that even though she tried to keep her pregnancies and children hidden, courtiers were aware of them.
1259:, a disgraced courtier who was imprisoned for his work, was written around 1665 and published in 1666, titled
678:
20:
2476:
780:
776:
764:
6034:
6025:
1945:
Contemporaneous painting of Madame de Montespan with four of her children by the King: (from left to right)
1024:
2457:
1954:
1950:
722:
606:
thought by Rancé. Huertas argues that La Vallière had to receive a good education based on her exceptional
429:, Gilles de La Vallière (born 1616) was responsible for their education. La Vallière was instructed by the
112:
2266:
1794:(‘Reflections on the Mercy of God’) in 1671, which was published anonymously in 1680. It became a popular
2577:
Charles ‘de Lincourt’ (19 December 1663 – circa 1665 or 1666), died in infancy and was never legitimised;
2154:
1713:. She owned it until her entry into the convent, when her brother inherited it. Around 1668, she owned a
4437:
2672:
published between 1847 and 1850. Dumas makes her the fiancée of the fictional titular character, son of
2253:
of 1675, she received gratefully the news that the King had separated from Madame de Montespan and took
1801:
1073:. Anxious to hide her condition, she never left the house and received guests in bed. She suffered from
321:
2600:
1620:
1102:
helping La Vallière, another lady called for him. To explain his absence, he told her that he had been
903:
237:
177:
2281:, Mère Claire de Saint-Sacrement (‘Mother Claire of the Holy Sacrament’) to cover La Vallière’s head.
2100:
1902:
ploy to achieve material gains from the King. Her potential marriage was mentioned again, possibly to
1787:
987:. His failure to participate in the Eucharist had already been noted, but when he did not receive the
952:
517:, paternal half-sister of the princesses. La Vallière befriended Anne-Constance de Montalais, another
492:
2208:
2066:
1962:
1148:
1870:
995:, could not receive the Eucharist, courtiers became aware that Louis was conducting a sexual affair.
2632:
2336:
Her daughter, Mademoiselle de Blois continued to be raised by Madame Colbert. In 1680, she married
1686:
During her time at court, La Vallière lived in several places, first in the Palais Brion until the
1655:, wore mourning clothes, and forbade his children to contact their mother. In order to contain the
1062:
832:’, different from the women Louis had known, but fitting contemporary feminine ideals. She was not
2593:(2 October 1666 – 3 May 1739); known as Mademoiselle de Blois after her legitimation. She married
413:
2149:
2025:
1078:
892:
712:
245:
44:
2583:
Louis de La Baume Le Blanc (27 December 1665 – 1666), died in infancy and was never legitimised;
2328:
La Vallière’s daughter Marie-Anne as princess of Conti on a portrait from between 1680 and 1700.
1832:
differs from that of Bossuet’s own work and contains a woman's autobiographical notes. In 1928,
1400:
1190:
669:
452:
then; her limping in later life may have been caused by a horse riding accident from this time.
375:
147:
6094:
2278:
653:
627:
402:
2195:
would stay in the convent, and spread mocking rumors. She asked the Carmelites to shorten her
2586:
2449:
2384:
and died on 18 November 1683. In the 18th century, people speculated that Vermandois was the
2083:
2038:
2034:
1986:
1970:
1730:
1481:
1396:
1197:
with Monsieur and Madame. Neither queen was present, but hearing of the episode enraged them.
1066:
229:
173:
161:
1202:
6197:
6192:
2758:
2668:
2650:
2385:
2270:
2092:
2006:
1748:
1294:
929:
682:
225:
2580:
Philippe ‘Derssy’ (7 January 1665 – July 1666), died in infancy and was never legitimised;
1692:
1163:
8:
2646:
2617:
2377:
1924:
1777:
1648:
1298:
1272:
508:
441:
2884:
919:, he envied. In September, Fouquet was arrested and imprisoned until his death in 1680.
715:. The King’s attendants courted the maids-of-honour of Madame; La Vallière’s suitor was
496:
4442:
4055:
2854:
2686:
2425:
2124:
2042:
1998:
1837:
1350:
1333:
924:
800:
635:
480:
In March 1655, Françoise Le Provost married Jacques de Courtavel, Marquis of Saint-Rémy
387:
379:
366:
340:
Le Provost de La Coutelaye (died 1686). She had an older brother, Jean-François, later
248:. She was an important participant in the court’s intellectual life, interested in the
2261:, she took her perpetual vows on 3 June 1675, in the presence of the Queen, Monsieur,
2136:. She renounced her paternal inheritance to her brother, the Marquis of La Vallière.
1781:
1312:
string to guide it, standing up and sitting down while it was moving; she handled the
895:
and Adriaen Millaert from 1660, commemorating his wedding with Maria Theresa of Spain.
6169:
6121:
6098:
6075:
6008:
4453:
2714:
2673:
2562:
2465:
2398:
1941:
1860:
for her understanding of Aristotle and Descartes, and many women of her circles read
1857:
1673:
1647:
so that his wife would infect the King. After he insulted and threatened the elderly
1536:
1457:
1379:
1182:
1058:
631:
610:. Petitfils sees her education as more rudimentary, being only in ‘reading, prayer,
233:
80:
2891:
The Ancestors of Louise de La Vallière: Genealogy of the House of La Blaume Le Blanc
2597:
and had no issue. She inherited the title of duchess of La Vallière from her mother;
1456:
performances, as did Montespan. The King decided to march on Flanders, starting the
1363:
4470:
2886:
Les Ancêtres de Louise de La Vallière. Généalogie de la maison de La Baume Le Blanc
2780:
2475:
Multiple works published during her lifetime discussed La Vallière. A 1678 book by
1710:
1244:
1218:
1127:
972:
968:
704:
564:
241:
6139:
2203:(ceremonial donning of a nun’s habit). As date, she chose the eighth Sunday after
1548:
Excerpt from the letter patent ennobling La Vallière and legitimising her daughter
1141:
Between 5 and 14 May 1664, Louis XIV hosted and personally planned a feast called
2657:
2495:
2184:
1305:
940:
899:
739:
534:
445:
350:
202:
1914:. La Vallière was present at her deathbed. In her last hours, she was told by a
1488:, including the ruins of a fortress on Lake Val Joyeux (Vaujours) and created a
1057:
In summer 1663, La Vallière became pregnant. In late August, the King left on a
6141:
Louise de La Vallière et la jeunesse de Louis XIV d’après des documents inédits
3372:
On the Subject of the Death of Henrietta of England, Madame, Duchess of Orléans
2794:
2726:
2441:
2188:
2162:
2009:
often, avoided events and company that could have ‘distracted’ her, and wore a
1861:
1562:
1497:
1477:
1388:
1248:
1223:
1003:
853:
805:
747:
687:
464:
361:
221:
206:
133:
50:
1431:
By the end of 1666, the King seems to have become bored with the La Vallière.
401:, he held Amboise against the forces of the revolt and remained loyal to King
6186:
6146:
Louise de La Vallière and the Youth of Louis XIV, Based on Unedited Documents
6003:
Calon, Oliver (2017). "Ah! s'il n'était pas le roi – Louise de la Vallière".
2808:
2616:’, meaning a jeweled pendant necklace, comes either from her name or that of
2352:
1915:
1522:
1468:
1098:
998:
837:
2952:"Louise-Françoise de la Baume Le Blanc, marquise de La Vallière (1644—1710)"
1438:
228:
and soon became Louis XIV’s mistress. Two of her five children by the King,
6071:
2736:
2706:
was made about her life, in which she was portrayed by Emmy Schaeff (1922);
2520:
2179:
2037:
and his wife; she only saw them occasionally. Her eight-year-old daughter,
1798:
among French Catholics, reprinted at least ten times, often under her name.
1740:
1070:
916:
845:
752:
648:
2676:. Some editions break the novel up into several books, one of them titled
2440:
In 1685, working with Bellefonds, she unsuccessfully attempted to convert
1890:(a servant or companion) of Montespan. She replied that she wished to ‘do
1526:
963:
examples. In late February, Louis questioned La Vallière about an alleged
703:
to borrow money for them. La Vallière joined the Orléans household in the
2697:
2558:
2306:
1729:. In 1669, she was had a pavilion in the Tuileries; she owned a house in
1236:
1002:
Undated contmporary portrait of Olympia Mancini, Countess of Soissons by
935:
731:
708:
692:
500:
217:
2257:; she prayed for the conversion of ‘one had so loved’. After a year of
2029:
19th century copy of the last painting of La Vallière with her children.
1759:(‘Mademoiselle de La Vallière and Her Children’), contemporary painting.
1200:
Petitfils argues that the King made the decision to declare La Vallière
634:
in Paris. The Orléans daughters and their friends spent their time with
6135:
3367:À propos de la mort d'Henriette d'Angleterre Madame, Duchesse d'Orléans
2540:
2532:
2516:
2500:
2484:
2469:
2305:, believing that ‘nothing was too base for her’. She asked to become a
2047:
1841:
1752:
1669:
1302:
738:
The King and Madame grew close. Louis’ wife Maria Theresa, his mother,
700:
615:
527:
The three daughters of Gaston, Duke of Orléans from his second marriage
449:
398:
278:
257:
253:
3378:(in French). Société Française d'Histoire de la Médecine. p. 117.
1531:
2642:
2621:
2536:
2445:
2366:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2204:
2196:
2187:
immediately, and she cut her hair (as nuns who have pronounced their
2116:
2096:
2041:, a child of ‘lively and precocious intelligence’ attended her first
1982:
1911:
1907:
1899:
1895:
1879:
1596:
1584:
1355:
1341:
1329:
1240:
1194:
1123:
1103:
1030:
988:
908:
857:
825:
817:
813:
619:
594:, and equitation, as well as literature and philosophy by the Duke’s
591:
210:
137:
108:
1683:
In March 1669, Montespan gave birth to her first child by the King.
1369:
1029:
to replace La Vallière with someone she could control. They sent an
417:
Gilles de La Baume Le Blanc de La Vallière later in life, as bishop.
4692:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4576:
2613:
2512:
2508:
2302:
2294:
2235:
2166:
2133:
1974:
1845:
1765:
1733:
from March 1669 to December 1674, and had her own apartment in the
1714:
1554:
1540:
1485:
1447:
1207:
1115:
1083:
1074:
1034:
992:
976:
833:
639:
607:
475:
371:
354:
341:
332:
269:
249:
151:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4090:
4088:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4018:
3944:
3942:
3878:
3876:
3827:
3825:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3564:
1395:
enough. On 2 October 1666, La Vallière gave birth to her daughter
911:
and sent her a letter complimenting her appearance and offering a
3432:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3168:
3166:
3102:
3100:
2078:
1891:
1773:
1656:
1652:
1604:
1588:
1091:
1045:
912:
841:
829:
821:
727:
595:
469:
383:
281:
196:
Françoise-Louise de La Baume Le Blanc, Duchess of La Vallière and
4671:
4573:
4333:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2951:
463:
to finance a new marriage, which would have meant relinquishing
421:
La Vallière and her brother were raised at the family seat, the
4224:
4112:
4085:
4015:
3939:
3873:
3849:
3822:
3656:
3561:
2553:
2549:
2393:
2170:
2010:
1726:
1607:
1587:
that surrounded her. On 22 June, the Queen reached the camp at
1510:
1453:
1321:
1313:
1290:
1167:
984:
964:
956:
864:
790:
611:
485:
448:. The family owned horses, and she may have gained her love of
315:, Mademoiselle de La Vallière was born on 6 August 1644 at the
3421:
3273:
3261:
3163:
3097:
1340:. She read the popular books of the age and took painting and
2981:
2524:
2381:
1853:
1849:
1665:
1600:
1576:
1558:
1489:
1404:
1325:
1317:
960:
849:
760:
743:
696:
489:
460:
456:
426:
394:
327:
285:
76:
2746:
Joan Sanders published a biography of Louise in 1959 titled
1805:
1675 portrait painting of Madame Palatine by Pierre Mignard.
1193:, the King took his mistress to the Queen Mother’s salon to
6149:
6024:
Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1838). "poetical illustration".
5412:
5410:
5373:
5371:
5274:
5272:
4707:
4705:
3224:
3222:
3220:
2014:
1769:
1677:
1348:. She was interested in philosophy, reading and discussing
1309:
1267:
Diary entry of a middle-class contemporary about the affair
948:
794:
4513:
4477:
3959:
3957:
3680:
3678:
2743:
is told from Louise de la Vallière’s point of view (2011);
2380:. Only sixteen, combat took a toll on him; he developed a
2199:, and less than three months after her entry, she had her
1886:
recounts questioning La Vallière about why she remained a
561:Élisabeth-Marguerite (or Isabelle), Mademoiselle d’Alençon
511:) to the Duke’s younger daughters and met the also-exiled
6091:
Love and Louis XIV: The Women in the Life of the Sun King
6068:
Love and Louis XIV: The Women in the Life of the Sun King
4832:
4830:
4828:
4501:
2452:. She was regularly visited by the Queen, the Dauphine, (
2397:
out of wedlock. In November 1685, her son-in-law died of
2074:
1930:
1790:
became her spiritual guide. With his help, she wrote her
1392:
5947:
5791:
5743:
5707:
5647:
5509:
5407:
5395:
5368:
5344:
5296:
5269:
5257:
5066:
5042:
5018:
4965:
4926:
4902:
4866:
4789:
4702:
4659:
4561:
4549:
4537:
4405:
4393:
3285:
3217:
3195:
3193:
3061:
3039:
3037:
2297:
depiction of La Vallière renouncing the world for Jesus.
1638:
Portrait painting of Madame de Montespan from the 1670s.
1382:, painting probably by Pierre Mignard from 1666 or 1667.
364:
or military career. Her maternal family belonged to the
5937:
5935:
5886:
5884:
5859:
5857:
5844:
5842:
5637:
5635:
5562:
5560:
5499:
5497:
5235:
5233:
5136:
5134:
5097:
5095:
5093:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4943:
4941:
4613:
4611:
4311:
4309:
4202:
4200:
4148:
4146:
4073:
4036:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3954:
3903:
3893:
3891:
3861:
3837:
3690:
3675:
3596:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3447:
3445:
3022:
2865:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 290–291.
5332:
5320:
5030:
4878:
4854:
4825:
4729:
4623:
4525:
4489:
4248:
4246:
4175:
4173:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3309:
3112:
1480:
to legitimise his only living child with La Vallière,
1229:
4345:
4270:
3786:
3620:
3584:
3525:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3409:
3399:
3397:
3382:
3321:
3297:
3249:
3239:
3237:
3205:
3190:
3178:
3141:
3139:
3085:
3049:
3034:
2893:] (in French). Paris: H. Champion. pp. 88–94
2523:
but concluded that she was dying. She refused to use
1856:
as its author had. However, La Vallière was known in
1610:’. She was openly mocked by the ladies of the court.
1418:
440:, where two of her aunts lived, in reading, grammar,
5959:
5932:
5920:
5908:
5896:
5881:
5869:
5854:
5839:
5827:
5815:
5803:
5779:
5767:
5755:
5731:
5719:
5695:
5683:
5671:
5659:
5632:
5620:
5608:
5596:
5584:
5572:
5557:
5545:
5533:
5521:
5494:
5482:
5470:
5458:
5446:
5434:
5422:
5383:
5356:
5308:
5284:
5245:
5230:
5218:
5206:
5194:
5182:
5170:
5158:
5146:
5131:
5119:
5107:
5090:
5078:
5054:
5006:
4994:
4977:
4953:
4938:
4914:
4890:
4842:
4813:
4801:
4777:
4765:
4753:
4741:
4717:
4647:
4635:
4608:
4596:
4417:
4381:
4369:
4357:
4321:
4306:
4294:
4282:
4197:
4143:
3969:
3888:
3798:
3774:
3762:
3714:
3608:
3549:
3469:
3442:
3010:
2770:
2119:
to the third child of the King and Montespan, named
1690:
moved there in July 1665. Then the King gave her an
844:’ to the King. She was described as tall, slim, and
6005:
Les petites phrases qui ont fait la grande histoire
4258:
4243:
4212:
4185:
4170:
4158:
4100:
4003:
3986:
3927:
3810:
2910:
2908:
2816:
2046:delighted to see her But, at the same time, I had
1033:letter to the Queen informing her of her husband’s
4441:
3915:
3750:
3738:
3726:
3702:
3644:
3632:
3537:
3498:
3486:
3457:
3394:
3345:
3333:
3234:
3151:
3136:
3124:
2507:At the end of her life, La Vallière suffered from
1285:In October 1665, the King had a short affair with
1134:
882:
707:after the wedding. On 19 April, they moved to the
673:Madame on an anonymous engraving from around 1662.
3073:
1463:
1370:Death of Anne of Austria and birth of third child
1215:Armand-Charles de La Porte, Duke of La Meilleraye
646:. In August 1660, La Vallière was present at the
330:as the daughter of Laurent de La Baume Le Blanc,
6184:
6118:Louise de La Vallière: From Versailles to Carmel
2998:
2969:
2905:
2153:La Vallière asking the Queen for forgiveness on
1768:), she had a vision of her soul at the gates of
1052:
1016:François-René Crespin du Bec, Marquess of Vardes
681:, the new Duke of Orléans (‘Monsieur’), married
476:Life in the household of Gaston, Duke of Orléans
397:, extensive for the time. In March 1651, during
1910:for a long time and believed that she had been
1725:in 1672, the King bought its land to build new
1676:, which ensured Louis’ personal control of the
848:despite her limp, with blue eyes, fine, silver-
759:, assisted them. Henrietta may have chosen the
626:In February 1660, the Duke died and his widow,
336:of La Vallière (1611–1651) and his wife, Marie-
6114:Louise de la Vallière. De Versailles au Carmel
1961:In early spring 1671, La Vallière fled to the
6033:Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1838). "picture".
2211:was read in churches. Many courtiers attended
1985:. When hearing this, the King cried but sent
583:by Giuseppe Lavy, from between 1758 and 1766.
378:where she occasionally visited him. He was a
2411:César-Auguste de Choiseul de Plessis-Praslin
1949:, Louise-Françoise, Mademoiselle de Nantes,
1936:
1293:, developed a ‘flirtatious friendship’ with
939:Engraved portrait of Louis XIV from 1664 by
659:
187:Laurent de la Blaume Le Blanc de La Vallière
4056:"Réunion des Musées Nationaux-Grand Palais"
2144:
2020:
1484:. He conferred on her Chasteau in northern
1086:with the Beauchamps who transported him to
677:In April 1661, the King’s younger brother,
581:Françoise-Madeleine, Mademoiselle de Valois
4444:Louis XIV : La Gloire et les épreuves
2663:The Vicomte de Bragelonne: Ten Years Later
2635:composed a ‘poetical illustration’ titled
2105:Paul de Beauvilliers, Duke of Saint-Aignan
1757:Mademoiselle de La Vallière et ses enfants
602:. La Vallière may have been introduced to
291:
189:Marie-Françoise Le Provost de la Coutelaye
43:
6163:
6148:] (in French) (4th ed.). Paris:
4696:
4590:
4435:
4339:
4237:
4137:
4094:
4030:
3948:
3882:
3855:
3831:
3669:
3578:
3436:
3363:
3279:
3267:
3172:
3106:
3028:
2992:
1815:Jean-Joseph-Stanislas-Albert Damas-Hinard
1579:, La Vallière did not attend the Queen’s
1472:Portrait of La Vallière from around 1667.
1338:Antonin Nompar de Caumont, Duke of Lauzun
959:criticising the King’s behaviour through
542:Marguerite-Louise, Mademoiselle d’Orléans
521:, who remained her confidante for years.
263:In 1666, she was replaced as mistress by
5997:
2856:"La Vallière, Louise Françoise de"
2754:Louise Françoise le Blanc de la Vallière
2494:
2431:
2351:
2323:
2288:
2148:
2087:(‘Convent of Capuchin Sisters’) and the
2052:
2024:
1951:Louise-Marie-Anne, Mademoiselle de Tours
1940:
1800:
1747:
1633:
1467:
1422:
1373:
1176:
1109:
997:
934:
886:
799:
721:
668:
412:
6111:
3415:
3327:
3291:
3255:
3228:
3211:
3199:
3184:
3067:
3055:
3016:
2882:
1688:Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture
1649:Julie d’Angennes, Duchess of Montausier
1346:Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture
1014:conspired with the Count of Guiche and
563:around 1670 on a portrait by Henri and
6185:
6088:
6065:
6036:Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839
6032:
6027:Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839
6023:
5338:
5326:
5036:
4884:
4860:
4836:
4735:
4629:
4531:
4519:
4495:
4483:
4450:Louis XIV: The Glory and the Hardships
4399:
4351:
4276:
4206:
4152:
4079:
3980:
3897:
3804:
3780:
3768:
3720:
3696:
3614:
3602:
3555:
3480:
3451:
2822:
2750:(‘The Little: Louise de la Vallière’);
2748:La Petite : Louise de la Vallière
2356:Vermandois on a contemporary portrait.
2033:La Vallière’s children were raised by
1906:. In late June 1670, Madame died. She
1848:demonstrated in the book, or read the
1613:
1516:
63:Françoise-Louise de La Blaume Le Blanc
4452:]. Tallandier. pp. 100–103.
2945:
2943:
2656:She is one of the main characters in
2607:
2365:Aged thirteen, Vermandois joined the
1884:Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate
1792:Réflexions sur la miséricorde de Dieu
1743:Réflexions sur la miséricorde de Dieu
1625:Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate
1154:
1012:Olympia Mancini, Countess of Soissons
943:, after a painting by Pierre Mignard.
757:Olympia Mancini, Countess of Soissons
6134:
5965:
5953:
5941:
5926:
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5902:
5890:
5875:
5863:
5848:
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5809:
5797:
5785:
5773:
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5749:
5737:
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5701:
5689:
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5665:
5653:
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5614:
5602:
5590:
5578:
5566:
5551:
5539:
5527:
5515:
5503:
5488:
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5464:
5452:
5440:
5428:
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5401:
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5362:
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4988:
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4807:
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4665:
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4617:
4602:
4567:
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4327:
4315:
4300:
4288:
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4252:
4218:
4191:
4179:
4164:
4106:
4042:
4009:
3997:
3963:
3933:
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3909:
3867:
3843:
3816:
3792:
3756:
3744:
3732:
3708:
3684:
3650:
3638:
3626:
3590:
3543:
3531:
3519:
3507:
3492:
3463:
3403:
3388:
3351:
3339:
3315:
3303:
3243:
3157:
3145:
3130:
3118:
3091:
3079:
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3004:
2975:
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2927:
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2872:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2481:La Vie de la duchesse de La Vallière
2269:, daughter of Monsieur and the late
201:(6 August 1644 – 6 June 1710) was a
4429:
2956:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2360:
2139:
2112:Françoise d’Aubigné, Madame Scarron
2001:from her husband did not progress.
1230:Second pregnancy and marriage plans
763:herself, including La Vallière and
600:Armand-Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé
13:
6164:Petitfils, Jean-Christian (2011).
2949:
2460:. In the community, was appointed
1419:End of relationship with Louis XIV
1411:(midnight meal) of the court. The
891:Engraved portrait of Louis XIV by
717:Armand de Gramont, Count of Guiche
393:and owned a library of forty-four
349:In La Vallière’s paternal family,
14:
6279:
6243:18th-century French women writers
6238:17th-century French women writers
2920:
2869:
2828:
2265:(his second wife), Mademoiselle (
2244:François de Harlay de Champvallon
2039:Marie-Anne, Mademoiselle de Blois
869:Louis-Henri de Loménie de Brienne
230:Marie-Anne, Mademoiselle de Blois
16:Mistress of Louis XIV (1644–1710)
6089:Fraser, Antonia (25 June 2010).
6043:
6017:
5984:
5971:
2801:
2787:
2773:
2620:, through the French term for a
2284:
1476:On 13 May, the King published a
1257:Roger de Rabutin, Count of Bussy
1185:on a portrait by Pierre Mignard.
742:, and Monsieur all disapproved.
699:who instructed their mother and
572:
553:
533:
4048:
3364:Hillemand, P. (15 March 1975).
3357:
2756:, the main female character of
2719:wrote a novel about her titled
2595:Louis Armand I, Prince of Conti
2539:. Abbot Pirot administered the
1979:Bernardin Gigault de Bellefonds
1929:, that ‘all life had been but
1433:Athénaïs, Marquise of Montespan
1320:expertly. She was trained by a
1172:Françoise Bertaut de Motteville
1144:Les Plaisirs de l’île enchantée
1136:Les Plaisirs de l'île enchantée
883:First years of the relationship
852:hair, and a ‘beautiful’ voice.
6120:] (in French). Pygmalion.
2638:Louise, Duchess of La Valliere
1813:was later contested. In 1853,
1645:sexually transmitted infection
1464:Legitimisation of her daughter
1287:Catherine-Charlotte de Gramont
1114:The theatre installed for the
975:Convent of Sainte-Pélerine in
812:La Vallière was described as ‘
1:
6059:
2691:Sœur Louise de la Miséricorde
2499:Louise de La Vallière on her
2477:Gatien de Courtilz de Sandras
2404:
2338:Louis-Armand, Prince of Conti
1271:, the viper of the late lord
1243:. Philippe was raised in the
1222:been recorded differently in
1053:First pregnancy and aftermath
746:spread that the King and his
664:
630:, moved the household to the
326:(or Hôtel de la Vallière) in
213:of France from 1661 to 1667.
125:Sœur Louise de la Miséricorde
6213:17th-century peers of France
6168:(in French). Tempus Perrin.
6112:Huertas, Monique de (1998).
5979:Dictionnaire du Grand Siècle
4438:"Louis XIV Intime 1661–1679"
2766:
2693:is presumed to be about her.
2342:Henri-Jules, Prince of Condé
2340:. The Prince and his cousin
2317:, Grand Duchess of Tuscany.
1955:Louis-Auguste, Duke of Maine
1427:Madame de Montespan in 1670.
408:
7:
6248:18th-century French writers
5990:Jean-Christian Petitfils: "
2061:Many noblewomen retired as
1947:Louis-César, Count of Vexin
1780:, being most influenced by
1492:‘to be enjoyed by the said
726:Queen Maria Theresa in her
652:of Louis and his new wife,
344:of La Vallière (1642–1676).
123:Mademoiselle de La Vallière
21:Louise de Lavallière (film)
10:
6284:
6218:Peers created by Louis XIV
2601:Louis, Count of Vermandois
2225:Jean-Louis de Fromentières
2081:. She considered both the
1261:Les Amours du Palais-Royal
904:superintendent of finances
840:, exhibiting an ‘absolute
772:Jacques-Louis de Beringhen
765:Bonne de Pons d’Heudicourt
238:Louis, Count of Vermandois
178:Louis, Count of Vermandois
18:
6203:People from Tours, France
2733:that features her (2008);
2209:Parable of the Lost Sheep
1937:Second flight to Chaillot
1251:at the end of July 1666.
660:Secret lover of Louis XIV
296:
277:. In 1674, she entered a
183:
167:
157:
143:
129:
119:
103:
87:
58:
42:
30:
6268:18th-century French nuns
6253:17th-century French nuns
6233:Discalced Carmelite nuns
6228:French suo jure nobility
6159:– via BnF Gallica.
6066:Fraser, Antonia (2006).
6053:, Fasquelle 1938, 263 p.
4436:Petitfils, Jean (2006).
2883:Le Brun, Eugène (1903).
2633:Letitia Elizabeth Landon
2568:
2490:
2145:Postulancy and novitiate
2021:Background of retirement
1878:After her conversion, a
951:1662, a guest preacher,
505:demoiselles de compagnie
360:many relatives chose an
288:where she died in 1710.
98:Paris, Kingdom of France
6223:Mistresses of Louis XIV
6039:. Fisher, Son & Co.
6030:. Fisher, Son & Co.
2862:Encyclopædia Britannica
2666:, the second sequel to
2649:based on a painting by
2458:Marie-Adélaïde of Savoy
2267:Marie-Louise of Orléans
2155:Louise Adélaïde Desnos’
1561:of Saint-Christophe in
953:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
893:Abraham van Diepenbeeck
836:and did not act out of
519:demoiselle de compagnie
493:Gaston, Duke of Orléans
382:Catholic who practiced
370:. Her father served as
292:Ancestry and early life
216:La Vallière joined the
19:For the 1922 film, see
6258:French autobiographers
6007:. Vuibert. pp. 84–85.
2762:, was named after her;
2504:
2437:
2357:
2329:
2298:
2158:
2071:Filles de Sainte-Marie
2058:
2030:
1967:Filles de Sainte-Marie
1958:
1806:
1785:The Way of Perfection.
1760:
1731:Saint-Germaine-en-Laye
1639:
1567:
1473:
1428:
1383:
1277:
1186:
1131:
1007:
955:delivered a series of
944:
896:
809:
735:
674:
654:Maria Theresa of Spain
628:Marguerite of Lorraine
579:Miniature portrait of
499:. La Vallière and her
431:Ursuline nuns in Tours
418:
357:were important values,
148:Duchess de La Vallière
35:Duchess de La Vallière
6263:Women autobiographers
6166:Louise de La Vallière
6051:Louise de La Valliere
5992:Louise de la Vallière
2721:Louise de La Valliere
2587:Marie-Anne de Bourbon
2498:
2454:Maria Anna of Bavaria
2450:Affair of the Poisons
2435:
2373:Chevalier de Lorraine
2355:
2327:
2315:Marguerite of Orléans
2292:
2152:
2091:(‘Great Convent’) of
2084:Couvent des Capucines
2056:
2028:
1944:
1804:
1751:
1637:
1583:probably sensing the
1550:
1471:
1426:
1377:
1280:Oudart Coquault,
1269:
1180:
1113:
1067:Jean-Baptiste Colbert
1039:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
1001:
938:
890:
803:
725:
672:
540:Engraved portrait of
423:Castle of La Vallière
416:
317:Hôtel de la Crouzille
174:Marie Anne de Bourbon
162:Marie Anne de Bourbon
113:Notre-Dame-des-Champs
32:Louise de La Vallière
6208:Dukes of La Vallière
4510:, pp. 167, 169.
2759:The Familiar of Zero
2703:Louise de Lavallière
2669:The Three Musketeers
2651:Edmund Thomas Parris
2386:Man in the Iron Mask
2271:Henrietta of England
2093:Discalced Carmelites
1295:Anne de Rohan-Chabot
1213:On 8 December 1664,
1120:The Princess of Elid
930:Madame de La Fayette
695:. They petitioned a
683:Henrietta of England
306:de La Baume Le Blanc
226:Henrietta of England
5956:, pp. 369–370.
5800:, pp. 358–359.
5752:, pp. 354–355.
5716:, pp. 344–345.
5656:, pp. 339–340.
5518:, pp. 325–327.
5419:, pp. 312–313.
5404:, pp. 311–312.
5380:, pp. 336–337.
5353:, pp. 302–303.
5305:, pp. 297–298.
5281:, pp. 296–297.
5266:, pp. 295–296.
5075:, pp. 269–270.
5051:, pp. 256–257.
5027:, pp. 246–247.
4974:, pp. 233–234.
4935:, pp. 420–421.
4911:, pp. 419–420.
4875:, pp. 226–227.
4798:, pp. 204–205.
4714:, pp. 198–199.
4668:, pp. 197–198.
4570:, pp. 185–186.
4558:, pp. 183–184.
4546:, pp. 181–182.
4522:, pp. 108–109.
4486:, pp. 104–105.
4414:, pp. 178–179.
4045:, pp. 129–130.
3966:, pp. 125–126.
3912:, pp. 119–120.
3870:, pp. 121–122.
3846:, pp. 117–118.
3687:, pp. 310–311.
2731:Mistress of the Sun
2647:John Henry Robinson
2591:Légitimée de France
2378:Spanish Netherlands
2275:Grande Mademoiselle
2240:Archbishop of Paris
2175:Grande Mademoiselle
2157:painting from 1838.
1995:Grande Mademoiselle
1969:(‘Daughters of the
1866:Jean-Baptiste Ériau
1778:Counter-Reformation
1741:Religious turn and
1614:Later life at court
1517:Journey to Flanders
1413:Grande Mademoiselle
1360:Discourse on Method
1299:Princess of Soubise
1273:Cardinal de Mazarin
1170:of a contemporary,
730:, on a painting by
644:Grande Mademoiselle
514:Grande Mademoiselle
442:musical composition
265:Madame de Montespan
37:Duchess of Vaujours
5977:François Bluche: "
3121:, pp. 17, 20.
2687:Christina Rossetti
2608:In popular culture
2505:
2438:
2426:Faremoutiers Abbey
2358:
2330:
2299:
2159:
2065:(boarders) to the
2059:
2031:
1959:
1809:Her authorship of
1807:
1772:, from which the ‘
1761:
1693:hôtel particulière
1640:
1474:
1429:
1384:
1351:Nicomachean Ethics
1334:Isaac de Benserade
1203:maîtresse-en-titre
1187:
1156:Maîtresse-en-titre
1132:
1122:on a contemporary
1008:
945:
925:Philip IV of Spain
897:
810:
736:
675:
419:
6175:978-2-2620-3649-2
4459:978-2-84734-317-5
4402:, pp. 94–95.
4082:, pp. 88–89.
3795:, pp. 88–90.
3699:, pp. 85–96.
3629:, pp. 76–77.
3605:, pp. 70–75.
3593:, pp. 72–75.
3534:, pp. 43–45.
3522:, pp. 60–61.
3391:, pp. 55–58.
3318:, p. 52, 54.
3306:, pp. 48–49.
3294:, pp. 35–36.
3231:, pp. 26–27.
3094:, pp. 9, 20.
3070:, pp. 14–15.
3046:, pp. 18–19.
2741:Before Versailles
2658:Alexandre Dumas’s
2563:French Revolution
2185:habit of the nuns
1782:Teresa of Ávila’s
1674:admiral of France
1458:War of Devolution
1210:rides in public.
1164:Villers-Cotterêts
1059:military campaign
734:from around 1660.
642:organised by the
632:Luxembourg Palace
509:lady’s companions
376:Castle of Amboise
236:by marriage) and
234:Princess of Conti
203:French noblewoman
193:
192:
81:Kingdom of France
6275:
6179:
6160:
6158:
6156:
6131:
6108:
6085:
6081:978-14-00033-744
6054:
6049:Marcelle Vioux:
6047:
6041:
6040:
6031:
6021:
6015:
6013:978-2311-10216-1
6001:
5995:
5988:
5982:
5975:
5969:
5963:
5957:
5951:
5945:
5939:
5930:
5924:
5918:
5912:
5906:
5900:
5894:
5888:
5879:
5873:
5867:
5861:
5852:
5846:
5837:
5831:
5825:
5819:
5813:
5807:
5801:
5795:
5789:
5783:
5777:
5771:
5765:
5759:
5753:
5747:
5741:
5735:
5729:
5723:
5717:
5711:
5705:
5699:
5693:
5687:
5681:
5675:
5669:
5663:
5657:
5651:
5645:
5639:
5630:
5624:
5618:
5612:
5606:
5600:
5594:
5588:
5582:
5576:
5570:
5564:
5555:
5549:
5543:
5537:
5531:
5525:
5519:
5513:
5507:
5501:
5492:
5486:
5480:
5474:
5468:
5462:
5456:
5450:
5444:
5438:
5432:
5426:
5420:
5414:
5405:
5399:
5393:
5387:
5381:
5375:
5366:
5360:
5354:
5348:
5342:
5336:
5330:
5324:
5318:
5312:
5306:
5300:
5294:
5288:
5282:
5276:
5267:
5261:
5255:
5249:
5243:
5237:
5228:
5222:
5216:
5210:
5204:
5198:
5192:
5186:
5180:
5174:
5168:
5162:
5156:
5150:
5144:
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2781:Biography portal
2778:
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2718:
2419:
2361:Death of her son
2233:
2217:bishop-designate
2191:do) that night.
2140:Carmelite sister
2121:Louise-Françoise
1928:
1920:Nicolas Feuillet
1874:
1827:
1708:
1699:rue de l’Échelle
1571:
1281:
1219:Hortense Mancini
1128:Israel Silvestre
1028:
877:
784:
705:Tuileries Palace
688:filles d’honneur
604:neo-Aristotelian
576:
565:Charles Beaubrun
557:
537:
482:, maître d’hôtel
439:
367:noblesse de robe
325:
314:
267:, but created a
242:survived infancy
120:Other names
107:Cemetery of the
94:
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2610:
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2529:Extreme Unction
2493:
2442:Gilbert Burnett
2413:
2407:
2363:
2287:
2263:Madame Palatine
2238:habit from the
2227:
2147:
2142:
2069:convent of the
2023:
1965:convent of the
1939:
1922:
1868:
1862:religious texts
1838:literary critic
1834:Marcel Langlois
1817:
1796:devotional book
1746:
1719:rue de la Pompe
1702:
1616:
1573:
1570:Louis XIV,
1569:
1549:
1519:
1466:
1421:
1378:La Vallière as
1372:
1344:classes at the
1308:, using only a
1283:
1279:
1268:
1232:
1224:primary sources
1181:La Vallière as
1159:
1139:
1055:
1018:
1010:In March 1662,
941:Robert Nanteuil
900:Nicolas Fouquet
885:
871:
774:
740:Anne of Austria
667:
662:
588:
587:
586:
585:
584:
577:
569:
568:
558:
550:
549:
548:from the 1660s.
538:
529:
528:
478:
446:public speaking
433:
411:
319:
308:
299:
294:
275:devotional book
188:
176:
172:
124:
99:
96:
92:
83:
74:
68:
66:
65:
64:
54:
38:
36:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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6086:
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6061:
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6056:
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6016:
5996:
5983:
5970:
5968:, p. 371.
5958:
5946:
5944:, p. 370.
5931:
5929:, p. 369.
5919:
5917:, p. 368.
5907:
5905:, p. 367.
5895:
5893:, p. 363.
5880:
5878:, p. 362.
5868:
5866:, p. 365.
5853:
5851:, p. 364.
5838:
5836:, p. 360.
5826:
5824:, p. 361.
5814:
5812:, p. 359.
5802:
5790:
5788:, p. 357.
5778:
5776:, p. 356.
5766:
5764:, p. 355.
5754:
5742:
5740:, p. 348.
5730:
5728:, p. 346.
5718:
5706:
5704:, p. 345.
5694:
5692:, p. 343.
5682:
5680:, p. 349.
5670:
5668:, p. 341.
5658:
5646:
5644:, p. 337.
5631:
5629:, p. 339.
5619:
5617:, p. 334.
5607:
5605:, p. 322.
5595:
5593:, p. 333.
5583:
5581:, p. 321.
5571:
5569:, p. 335.
5556:
5554:, p. 320.
5544:
5542:, p. 330.
5532:
5530:, p. 329.
5520:
5508:
5506:, p. 324.
5493:
5491:, p. 319.
5481:
5479:, p. 317.
5469:
5467:, p. 316.
5457:
5455:, p. 315.
5445:
5443:, p. 313.
5433:
5431:, p. 312.
5421:
5406:
5394:
5392:, p. 311.
5382:
5367:
5365:, p. 307.
5355:
5343:
5341:, p. 143.
5331:
5329:, p. 142.
5319:
5317:, p. 298.
5307:
5295:
5293:, p. 297.
5283:
5268:
5256:
5254:, p. 295.
5244:
5242:, p. 293.
5229:
5227:, p. 306.
5217:
5215:, p. 305.
5205:
5203:, p. 304.
5193:
5191:, p. 288.
5181:
5179:, p. 282.
5169:
5167:, p. 276.
5157:
5155:, p. 275.
5145:
5143:, p. 273.
5130:
5128:, p. 272.
5118:
5116:, p. 285.
5106:
5104:, p. 271.
5089:
5087:, p. 270.
5077:
5065:
5063:, p. 258.
5053:
5041:
5039:, p. 130.
5029:
5017:
5015:, p. 242.
5005:
5003:, p. 241.
4993:
4991:, p. 234.
4976:
4964:
4962:, p. 433.
4952:
4950:, p. 424.
4937:
4925:
4923:, p. 421.
4913:
4901:
4899:, p. 225.
4889:
4887:, p. 116.
4877:
4865:
4863:, p. 118.
4853:
4851:, p. 218.
4841:
4839:, p. 117.
4824:
4822:, p. 216.
4812:
4810:, p. 206.
4800:
4788:
4786:, p. 204.
4776:
4774:, p. 202.
4764:
4762:, p. 201.
4752:
4750:, p. 200.
4740:
4738:, p. 113.
4728:
4726:, p. 186.
4716:
4701:
4697:Petitfils 2011
4670:
4658:
4656:, p. 191.
4646:
4644:, p. 189.
4634:
4632:, p. 112.
4622:
4620:, p. 188.
4607:
4605:, p. 187.
4595:
4591:Petitfils 2011
4572:
4560:
4548:
4536:
4534:, p. 146.
4524:
4512:
4500:
4498:, p. 108.
4488:
4476:
4458:
4428:
4426:, p. 205.
4416:
4404:
4392:
4390:, p. 159.
4380:
4378:, p. 158.
4368:
4366:, p. 157.
4356:
4344:
4340:Petitfils 2011
4332:
4330:, p. 151.
4320:
4318:, p. 150.
4305:
4303:, p. 147.
4293:
4291:, p. 140.
4281:
4269:
4267:, p. 139.
4257:
4255:, p. 178.
4242:
4238:Petitfils 2011
4223:
4221:, p. 417.
4211:
4196:
4194:, p. 138.
4184:
4182:, p. 141.
4169:
4167:, p. 135.
4157:
4142:
4138:Petitfils 2011
4111:
4109:, p. 132.
4099:
4095:Petitfils 2011
4084:
4072:
4047:
4035:
4031:Petitfils 2011
4014:
4012:, p. 127.
4002:
4000:, p. 142.
3985:
3968:
3953:
3949:Petitfils 2011
3938:
3936:, p. 125.
3926:
3914:
3902:
3887:
3883:Petitfils 2011
3872:
3860:
3856:Petitfils 2011
3848:
3836:
3832:Petitfils 2011
3821:
3819:, p. 102.
3809:
3797:
3785:
3773:
3761:
3759:, pp. 86.
3749:
3737:
3725:
3713:
3701:
3689:
3674:
3670:Petitfils 2011
3655:
3653:, pp. 83.
3643:
3631:
3619:
3607:
3595:
3583:
3579:Petitfils 2011
3560:
3548:
3536:
3524:
3512:
3497:
3485:
3468:
3456:
3441:
3437:Petitfils 2011
3420:
3408:
3393:
3381:
3356:
3344:
3332:
3320:
3308:
3296:
3284:
3280:Petitfils 2011
3272:
3268:Petitfils 2011
3260:
3248:
3233:
3216:
3204:
3189:
3177:
3173:Petitfils 2011
3162:
3150:
3135:
3123:
3111:
3107:Petitfils 2011
3096:
3084:
3072:
3060:
3048:
3033:
3029:Petitfils 2011
3021:
3009:
2997:
2993:Petitfils 2011
2980:
2968:
2919:
2904:
2868:
2827:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2798:
2795:History portal
2784:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2751:
2744:
2734:
2727:Sandra Gulland
2724:
2710:Marcelle Vioux
2707:
2694:
2684:
2654:
2618:Ève Lavallière
2609:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2598:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2570:
2567:
2492:
2489:
2464:(carer of the
2406:
2403:
2362:
2359:
2286:
2283:
2163:Louise de Prie
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2022:
2019:
1938:
1935:
1745:
1739:
1629:Duke of Lauzun
1615:
1612:
1547:
1546:
1518:
1515:
1498:courtesy title
1465:
1462:
1420:
1417:
1371:
1368:
1364:René Descartes
1289:, Princess of
1266:
1265:
1249:cardiac arrest
1231:
1228:
1158:
1153:
1138:
1133:
1063:chief minister
1054:
1051:
1004:Pierre Mignard
884:
881:
806:Pierre Mignard
787:premier écuyer
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:, into Paris.
649:joyeuse entrée
578:
571:
570:
559:
552:
551:
539:
532:
531:
530:
526:
525:
524:
523:
477:
474:
410:
407:
362:ecclesiastical
298:
295:
293:
290:
222:maid-of-honour
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
145:
141:
140:
131:
130:Known for
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
105:
101:
100:
97:
95:(aged 65)
89:
85:
84:
75:
62:
60:
56:
55:
51:Pierre Mignard
48:
40:
39:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6280:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6190:
6188:
6177:
6171:
6167:
6162:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6142:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6127:9782857045489
6123:
6119:
6115:
6110:
6106:
6104:9780385660631
6100:
6096:
6095:Anchor Canada
6092:
6087:
6083:
6077:
6073:
6069:
6064:
6063:
6052:
6046:
6038:
6037:
6029:
6028:
6020:
6014:
6010:
6006:
6000:
5993:
5987:
5980:
5974:
5967:
5962:
5955:
5950:
5943:
5938:
5936:
5928:
5923:
5916:
5911:
5904:
5899:
5892:
5887:
5885:
5877:
5872:
5865:
5860:
5858:
5850:
5845:
5843:
5835:
5830:
5823:
5818:
5811:
5806:
5799:
5794:
5787:
5782:
5775:
5770:
5763:
5758:
5751:
5746:
5739:
5734:
5727:
5722:
5715:
5710:
5703:
5698:
5691:
5686:
5679:
5674:
5667:
5662:
5655:
5650:
5643:
5638:
5636:
5628:
5623:
5616:
5611:
5604:
5599:
5592:
5587:
5580:
5575:
5568:
5563:
5561:
5553:
5548:
5541:
5536:
5529:
5524:
5517:
5512:
5505:
5500:
5498:
5490:
5485:
5478:
5473:
5466:
5461:
5454:
5449:
5442:
5437:
5430:
5425:
5418:
5413:
5411:
5403:
5398:
5391:
5386:
5379:
5374:
5372:
5364:
5359:
5352:
5347:
5340:
5335:
5328:
5323:
5316:
5311:
5304:
5299:
5292:
5287:
5280:
5275:
5273:
5265:
5260:
5253:
5248:
5241:
5236:
5234:
5226:
5221:
5214:
5209:
5202:
5197:
5190:
5185:
5178:
5173:
5166:
5161:
5154:
5149:
5142:
5137:
5135:
5127:
5122:
5115:
5110:
5103:
5098:
5096:
5094:
5086:
5081:
5074:
5069:
5062:
5057:
5050:
5045:
5038:
5033:
5026:
5021:
5014:
5009:
5002:
4997:
4990:
4985:
4983:
4981:
4973:
4968:
4961:
4956:
4949:
4944:
4942:
4934:
4929:
4922:
4917:
4910:
4905:
4898:
4893:
4886:
4881:
4874:
4869:
4862:
4857:
4850:
4845:
4838:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4821:
4816:
4809:
4804:
4797:
4792:
4785:
4780:
4773:
4768:
4761:
4756:
4749:
4744:
4737:
4732:
4725:
4720:
4713:
4708:
4706:
4699:, Chapter 23.
4698:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4667:
4662:
4655:
4650:
4643:
4638:
4631:
4626:
4619:
4614:
4612:
4604:
4599:
4593:, Chapter 22.
4592:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4569:
4564:
4557:
4552:
4545:
4540:
4533:
4528:
4521:
4516:
4509:
4504:
4497:
4492:
4485:
4480:
4472:
4461:
4455:
4451:
4446:
4445:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4420:
4413:
4408:
4401:
4396:
4389:
4384:
4377:
4372:
4365:
4360:
4354:, p. 96.
4353:
4348:
4342:, Chapter 18.
4341:
4336:
4329:
4324:
4317:
4312:
4310:
4302:
4297:
4290:
4285:
4279:, p. 88.
4278:
4273:
4266:
4261:
4254:
4249:
4247:
4240:, Chapter 21.
4239:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4220:
4215:
4209:, p. 94.
4208:
4203:
4201:
4193:
4188:
4181:
4176:
4174:
4166:
4161:
4155:, p. 92.
4154:
4149:
4147:
4140:, Chapter 17.
4139:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4108:
4103:
4097:, Chapter 16.
4096:
4091:
4089:
4081:
4076:
4061:
4057:
4051:
4044:
4039:
4033:, Chapter 19.
4032:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4011:
4006:
3999:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3983:, p. 87.
3982:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3965:
3960:
3958:
3951:, Chapter 15.
3950:
3945:
3943:
3935:
3930:
3924:, p. 27.
3923:
3918:
3911:
3906:
3900:, p. 78.
3899:
3894:
3892:
3885:, Chapter 14.
3884:
3879:
3877:
3869:
3864:
3858:, Chapter 20.
3857:
3852:
3845:
3840:
3834:, Chapter 13.
3833:
3828:
3826:
3818:
3813:
3807:, p. 96.
3806:
3801:
3794:
3789:
3783:, p. 89.
3782:
3777:
3771:, p. 79.
3770:
3765:
3758:
3753:
3747:, p. 85.
3746:
3741:
3735:, p. 76.
3734:
3729:
3723:, p. 81.
3722:
3717:
3711:, p. 84.
3710:
3705:
3698:
3693:
3686:
3681:
3679:
3672:, Chapter 11.
3671:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3652:
3647:
3641:, p. 81.
3640:
3635:
3628:
3623:
3617:, p. 78.
3616:
3611:
3604:
3599:
3592:
3587:
3581:, Chapter 10.
3580:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3558:, p. 72.
3557:
3552:
3546:, p. 68.
3545:
3540:
3533:
3528:
3521:
3516:
3510:, p. 42.
3509:
3504:
3502:
3495:, p. 61.
3494:
3489:
3483:, p. 73.
3482:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3466:, p. 67.
3465:
3460:
3454:, p. 74.
3453:
3448:
3446:
3438:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3418:, p. 40.
3417:
3412:
3406:, p. 59.
3405:
3400:
3398:
3390:
3385:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3360:
3354:, p. 62.
3353:
3348:
3342:, p. 54.
3341:
3336:
3330:, p. 36.
3329:
3324:
3317:
3312:
3305:
3300:
3293:
3288:
3281:
3276:
3269:
3264:
3258:, p. 33.
3257:
3252:
3246:, p. 41.
3245:
3240:
3238:
3230:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3214:, p. 25.
3213:
3208:
3202:, p. 27.
3201:
3196:
3194:
3187:, p. 22.
3186:
3181:
3174:
3169:
3167:
3160:, p. 17.
3159:
3154:
3148:, p. 51.
3147:
3142:
3140:
3133:, p. 20.
3132:
3127:
3120:
3115:
3108:
3103:
3101:
3093:
3088:
3081:
3076:
3069:
3064:
3058:, p. 14.
3057:
3052:
3045:
3040:
3038:
3031:, p. 10.
3030:
3025:
3019:, p. 18.
3018:
3013:
3006:
3001:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2977:
2972:
2957:
2953:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2916:
2911:
2909:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2864:
2863:
2857:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2825:, p. 71.
2824:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2809:France portal
2799:
2796:
2785:
2782:
2771:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2716:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2689:’s 1881 poem
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2502:
2497:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2395:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2368:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2296:
2293:Contemporary
2291:
2285:Life as a nun
2282:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2156:
2151:
2137:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2089:Grand Couvent
2086:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2063:pensionnaires
2055:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2027:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1934:
1932:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1864:in Latin, as
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1721:in Versailles
1720:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1523:military camp
1514:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1478:letter patent
1470:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1381:
1376:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1217:, husband of
1216:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1137:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1099:midnight mass
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1005:
1000:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
942:
937:
933:
931:
926:
920:
918:
914:
910:
905:
901:
894:
889:
880:
875:
870:
866:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
838:self-interest
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
807:
802:
798:
796:
792:
788:
785:, the King's
782:
778:
773:
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
748:sister-in-law
745:
741:
733:
729:
724:
720:
718:
714:
713:Fontainebleau
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
689:
684:
680:
671:
657:
655:
651:
650:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
624:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
582:
575:
566:
562:
556:
547:
543:
536:
522:
520:
516:
515:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
491:
487:
483:
473:
471:
466:
462:
458:
453:
451:
447:
443:
437:
432:
428:
424:
415:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:
363:
359:
356:
352:
347:
346:
343:
339:
335:
334:
329:
323:
318:
312:
307:
304:
289:
287:
283:
280:
276:
272:
271:
266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
197:
186:
182:
179:
175:
170:
166:
163:
160:
156:
153:
150:, Duchess of
149:
146:
142:
139:
135:
132:
128:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
90:
86:
82:
78:
73:6 August 1644
61:
57:
52:
46:
41:
29:
26:
22:
6165:
6153:. Retrieved
6145:
6140:
6117:
6113:
6090:
6072:Random House
6070:. New York:
6067:
6050:
6045:
6035:
6026:
6019:
6004:
5999:
5991:
5986:
5978:
5973:
5961:
5949:
5922:
5910:
5898:
5871:
5829:
5817:
5805:
5793:
5781:
5769:
5757:
5745:
5733:
5721:
5709:
5697:
5685:
5673:
5661:
5649:
5622:
5610:
5598:
5586:
5574:
5547:
5535:
5523:
5511:
5484:
5472:
5460:
5448:
5436:
5424:
5397:
5385:
5358:
5346:
5334:
5322:
5310:
5298:
5286:
5259:
5247:
5220:
5208:
5196:
5184:
5172:
5160:
5148:
5121:
5109:
5080:
5068:
5056:
5044:
5032:
5020:
5008:
4996:
4967:
4955:
4928:
4916:
4904:
4892:
4880:
4868:
4856:
4844:
4815:
4803:
4791:
4779:
4767:
4755:
4743:
4731:
4719:
4661:
4649:
4637:
4625:
4598:
4563:
4551:
4539:
4527:
4515:
4503:
4491:
4479:
4469:– via
4463:. Retrieved
4449:
4443:
4431:
4419:
4407:
4395:
4383:
4371:
4359:
4347:
4335:
4323:
4296:
4284:
4272:
4260:
4214:
4187:
4160:
4102:
4075:
4063:. Retrieved
4059:
4050:
4038:
4005:
3929:
3917:
3905:
3863:
3851:
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3788:
3776:
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3752:
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3622:
3610:
3598:
3586:
3551:
3539:
3527:
3515:
3488:
3459:
3439:, Chapter 9.
3416:Huertas 1998
3411:
3384:
3371:
3366:
3359:
3347:
3335:
3328:Huertas 1998
3323:
3311:
3299:
3292:Huertas 1998
3287:
3282:, Chapter 7.
3275:
3270:, Chapter 6.
3263:
3256:Huertas 1998
3251:
3229:Huertas 1998
3212:Huertas 1998
3207:
3200:Huertas 1998
3185:Huertas 1998
3180:
3175:, Chapter 3.
3153:
3126:
3114:
3109:, Chapter 2.
3087:
3082:, p. 9.
3075:
3068:Huertas 1998
3063:
3056:Huertas 1998
3051:
3024:
3017:Huertas 1998
3012:
3007:, p. 4.
3000:
2995:, Chapter 1.
2978:, p. 2.
2971:
2959:. Retrieved
2955:
2917:, p. 8.
2895:. Retrieved
2890:
2885:
2860:
2818:
2757:
2747:
2740:
2737:Karleen Koen
2730:
2720:
2701:
2690:
2680:
2677:
2667:
2661:
2636:
2625:
2611:
2590:
2572:
2546:
2521:bloodletting
2506:
2480:
2474:
2461:
2439:
2422:pensionnaire
2421:
2408:
2390:
2372:
2364:
2345:
2335:
2331:
2319:
2300:
2274:
2248:
2212:
2200:
2193:
2180:robe de cour
2178:
2174:
2173:, where the
2160:
2130:
2109:
2088:
2082:
2070:
2062:
2060:
2032:
2003:
1994:
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1966:
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1900:hypocritical
1887:
1877:
1829:
1810:
1808:
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1722:
1718:
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1260:
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1233:
1212:
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1198:
1188:
1160:
1155:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1119:
1096:
1079:illegitimate
1071:Palais-Royal
1056:
1043:
1009:
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862:
820:’, ‘natural
811:
786:
769:
753:Queen Mother
737:
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625:
589:
518:
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465:guardianship
454:
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345:
337:
331:
302:
300:
268:
262:
215:
198:
195:
194:
171:5, including
104:Burial place
93:(1710-06-06)
49:Portrait by
25:
6198:1710 deaths
6193:1644 births
6136:Lair, Jules
6093:. Toronto:
5339:Fraser 2006
5327:Fraser 2006
5037:Fraser 2006
4885:Fraser 2006
4861:Fraser 2006
4837:Fraser 2006
4736:Fraser 2006
4630:Fraser 2006
4532:Fraser 2006
4520:Fraser 2006
4496:Fraser 2006
4484:Fraser 2006
4400:Fraser 2006
4352:Fraser 2006
4277:Fraser 2006
4207:Fraser 2006
4153:Fraser 2006
4080:Fraser 2006
3981:Fraser 2006
3898:Fraser 2006
3805:Fraser 2010
3781:Fraser 2010
3769:Fraser 2006
3721:Fraser 2006
3697:Fraser 2006
3615:Fraser 2010
3603:Fraser 2010
3556:Fraser 2006
3481:Fraser 2006
3452:Fraser 2006
2823:Fraser 2006
2713: [
2698:silent film
2681:la Vallière
2561:during the
2552:arrived to
2414: [
2369:circles of
2295:allegorical
2273:), and the
2228: [
2207:, when the
1971:Virgin Mary
1923: [
1869: [
1818: [
1709:, near the
1703: [
1672:, and made
1601:haughtiness
1104:blindfolded
1019: [
973:Augustinian
872: [
834:flirtatious
775: [
732:Jean Nocret
546:Jean Frosne
434: [
351:Catholicism
320: [
309: [
246:legitimised
220:in 1661 as
218:royal court
111:convent in
91:6 June 1710
6187:Categories
6060:References
2626:lavallière
2612:The term ‘
2559:desecrated
2541:last rites
2517:rheumatism
2501:catafalque
2470:erysipelas
2462:sacristine
2405:Later life
2371:Philippe,
2346:Réflexions
2307:lay sister
2197:postulancy
2125:separation
2067:Visitation
2013:under her
1999:separation
1963:Visitation
1888:‘suivante’
1842:philosophy
1830:Réflexions
1811:Réflexions
1753:Peter Lely
1670:Vermandois
1557:, and the
1494:damoiselle
1482:Marie-Anne
1439:précieuses
1409:medianoche
1397:Marie-Anne
1330:libertines
1303:Barb horse
1195:play cards
1092:christened
1061:, and his
818:submissive
701:stepfather
665:Background
616:embroidery
501:stepsister
450:equitation
399:the Fronde
258:philosophy
254:literature
69:1644-08-06
5966:Lair 1907
5954:Lair 1907
5942:Lair 1907
5927:Lair 1907
5915:Lair 1907
5903:Lair 1907
5891:Lair 1907
5876:Lair 1907
5864:Lair 1907
5849:Lair 1907
5834:Lair 1907
5822:Lair 1907
5810:Lair 1907
5798:Lair 1907
5786:Lair 1907
5774:Lair 1907
5762:Lair 1907
5750:Lair 1907
5738:Lair 1907
5726:Lair 1907
5714:Lair 1907
5702:Lair 1907
5690:Lair 1907
5678:Lair 1907
5666:Lair 1907
5654:Lair 1907
5642:Lair 1907
5627:Lair 1907
5615:Lair 1907
5603:Lair 1907
5591:Lair 1907
5579:Lair 1907
5567:Lair 1907
5552:Lair 1907
5540:Lair 1907
5528:Lair 1907
5516:Lair 1907
5504:Lair 1907
5489:Lair 1907
5477:Lair 1907
5465:Lair 1907
5453:Lair 1907
5441:Lair 1907
5429:Lair 1907
5417:Lair 1907
5402:Lair 1907
5390:Lair 1907
5378:Lair 1907
5363:Lair 1907
5351:Lair 1907
5315:Lair 1907
5303:Lair 1907
5291:Lair 1907
5279:Lair 1907
5264:Lair 1907
5252:Lair 1907
5240:Lair 1907
5225:Lair 1907
5213:Lair 1907
5201:Lair 1907
5189:Lair 1907
5177:Lair 1907
5165:Lair 1907
5153:Lair 1907
5141:Lair 1907
5126:Lair 1907
5114:Lair 1907
5102:Lair 1907
5085:Lair 1907
5073:Lair 1907
5061:Lair 1907
5049:Lair 1907
5025:Lair 1907
5013:Lair 1907
5001:Lair 1907
4989:Lair 1907
4972:Lair 1907
4960:Lair 1907
4948:Lair 1907
4933:Lair 1907
4921:Lair 1907
4909:Lair 1907
4897:Lair 1907
4873:Lair 1907
4849:Lair 1907
4820:Lair 1907
4808:Lair 1907
4796:Lair 1907
4784:Lair 1907
4772:Lair 1907
4760:Lair 1907
4748:Lair 1907
4724:Lair 1907
4712:Lair 1907
4666:Lair 1907
4654:Lair 1907
4642:Lair 1907
4618:Lair 1907
4603:Lair 1907
4568:Lair 1907
4556:Lair 1907
4544:Lair 1907
4508:Lair 1907
4424:Lair 1907
4412:Lair 1907
4388:Lair 1907
4376:Lair 1907
4364:Lair 1907
4328:Lair 1907
4316:Lair 1907
4301:Lair 1907
4289:Lair 1907
4265:Lair 1907
4253:Lair 1907
4219:Lair 1907
4192:Lair 1907
4180:Lair 1907
4165:Lair 1907
4107:Lair 1907
4043:Lair 1907
4010:Lair 1907
3998:Lair 1907
3964:Lair 1907
3934:Lair 1907
3922:Lair 1907
3910:Lair 1907
3868:Lair 1907
3844:Lair 1907
3817:Lair 1907
3793:Lair 1907
3757:Lair 1907
3745:Lair 1907
3733:Lair 1907
3709:Lair 1907
3685:Lair 1907
3651:Lair 1907
3639:Lair 1907
3627:Lair 1907
3591:Lair 1907
3544:Lair 1907
3532:Lair 1907
3520:Lair 1907
3508:Lair 1907
3493:Lair 1907
3464:Lair 1907
3404:Lair 1907
3389:Lair 1907
3352:Lair 1907
3340:Lair 1907
3316:Lair 1907
3304:Lair 1907
3244:Lair 1907
3158:Lair 1907
3146:Lair 1907
3131:Lair 1907
3119:Lair 1907
3092:Lair 1907
3080:Lair 1907
3044:Lair 1907
3005:Lair 1907
2976:Lair 1907
2915:Lair 1907
2767:Footnotes
2739:'s novel
2696:A German
2678:Louise de
2643:engraving
2622:pussy bow
2550:clergymen
2537:communion
2535:and took
2533:confessed
2509:headaches
2446:Jansenism
2367:libertine
2303:headaches
2259:novitiate
2255:communion
2251:Holy Week
2205:Pentecost
2117:godmother
2097:postulant
2079:penitence
2007:meditated
1983:salvation
1896:atonement
1880:confessor
1711:Tuileries
1597:etiquette
1585:hostility
1527:Compiègne
1525:left for
1401:Vincennes
1356:Aristotle
1342:sculpture
1245:Tuileries
1241:influenza
1237:bourgeois
1191:Vincennes
1149:salvation
1124:engraving
1090:. He was
1088:Saint-Leu
1075:headaches
1031:anonymous
989:sacrament
981:communion
969:Tuileries
917:embezzled
909:favourite
858:worldview
828:’, even ‘
620:Louis XIV
592:etiquette
488:) of the
409:Childhood
403:Louis XIV
338:Françoise
301:Françoise
279:Carmelite
244:and were
211:Louis XIV
184:Parent(s)
158:Successor
138:Louis XIV
109:Carmelite
6138:(1907).
2614:lavalier
2513:sciatica
2399:smallpox
2279:Prioress
2134:servants
2048:scruples
1975:Chaillot
1912:poisoned
1908:agonised
1846:theology
1766:smallpox
1715:pavilion
1581:coucher,
1555:Touraine
1541:carriage
1486:Touraine
1448:suo jure
1332:such as
1316:and the
1306:bareback
1208:carriage
1116:premiere
1084:carriage
1035:adultery
993:adultery
977:Chaillot
971:for the
961:biblical
846:graceful
814:innocent
789:(‘first
679:Philippe
608:spelling
425:. Their
372:governor
355:royalism
333:Seigneur
270:suo jure
209:of King
207:mistress
205:and the
199:Vaujours
168:Children
152:Vaujours
134:Mistress
6155:13 June
4465:13 June
2961:13 June
2729:titled
2723:(1938);
2700:titled
2653:(1838);
2466:oratory
2456:), and
2249:In the
2236:blessed
2167:kneeled
2101:Bossuet
2035:Colbert
1987:Colbert
1892:penance
1788:Bossuet
1774:thunder
1737:there.
1727:stables
1717:in the
1696:in the
1657:scandal
1653:funeral
1589:Avesnes
1537:gallery
1532:La Fère
1506:Mémoirs
1326:Moorish
1046:cavalry
957:sermons
947:During
865:memoirs
863:In his
842:loyalty
826:sincere
744:Rumours
728:regalia
596:almoner
503:became
388:charity
384:penance
374:of the
342:Marquis
303:-Louise
282:convent
115:, Paris
6172:
6124:
6101:
6078:
6011:
4456:
4065:25 May
3374:]
2897:3 June
2660:novel
2641:to an
2394:chapel
2201:vêture
2171:supper
2103:, and
2011:cilice
1973:’) in
1953:, and
1904:Lauzun
1858:salons
1735:palace
1608:vanity
1593:cercle
1559:barony
1544:cried.
1511:bishop
1454:ballet
1322:squire
1314:pistol
1291:Monaco
1168:memoir
985:Easter
965:affair
854:Fraser
822:modest
791:squire
761:decoys
693:minors
640:feasts
614:, and
612:sewing
490:exiled
486:butler
470:rented
444:, and
395:folios
380:devout
297:Family
256:, and
6144:[
6116:[
4448:[
3376:(PDF)
3370:[
2889:[
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2674:Athos
2569:Issue
2554:inter
2525:linen
2491:Death
2418:]
2382:fever
2311:Rancé
2232:]
1927:]
1916:canon
1873:]
1854:Latin
1850:Bible
1826:]
1707:]
1666:count
1621:Louis
1605:cruel
1577:Guise
1563:Anjou
1490:duchy
1405:colic
1393:witty
1380:Venus
1318:lance
1183:Flora
1027:]
913:bribe
876:]
850:blond
830:naïve
783:]
709:court
697:judge
636:balls
497:Blois
461:dower
457:dowry
438:]
427:uncle
328:Tours
324:]
313:]
286:Paris
144:Title
77:Tours
6170:ISBN
6157:2024
6150:Plon
6122:ISBN
6099:ISBN
6076:ISBN
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4467:2024
4454:ISBN
4067:2022
2963:2024
2899:2024
2485:seer
2221:Aire
2215:The
2189:vows
2043:ball
2015:robe
1844:and
1836:, a
1770:hell
1678:navy
1603:and
1521:The
1389:mass
1358:and
1336:and
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949:Lent
824:’, ‘
816:’, ‘
795:duty
638:and
459:and
386:and
353:and
250:arts
88:Died
59:Born
2645:by
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1931:sin
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