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dismantle his colony and sell it to the
Spanish. Bougainville received 200,000 francs in Paris and an additional 500,000 francs in Buenos Aires. Spain agreed to maintain the colony in Port Louis, thus preventing Britain from claiming title to the islands. Spain had claimed dominion before the French settlement in association with its colonies on the mainland. On 31 January 1767 at
382:. He sailed back to France the following winter, under orders from the marquis to obtain additional military resources for the colony. During this crossing, he continued to learn about the ways of the sea, skills that would later serve him well. Having distinguished himself in the war against Britain, Bougainville was rewarded with the
570:; and captain Macbride, of the Jason frigate, came to our settlement the same year, in the beginning of December. He pretended that these parts belonged to his Britannic majesty, threatened to land by force, if he should be any longer refused that liberty, visited the governor, and sailed away again the same day.
542:
Although the French colony did not number more than 150 people, for financial motivations (Bougainville having paid for the expeditions) and diplomatic reasons (Spain feared that the
Falklands would become a rear base to attack her Peruvian gold), Bougainville was ordered by the French government to
453:
Shipped back to Europe along with the other French officers, all deprived of military honors by the victors, Bougainville was prohibited by the terms of surrender from any further active duty against the
British. He spent the remaining years of the Seven Years' War (1761 to 1763) as a diplomat,
646:
the globe. He would become the 14th navigator, and the first
Frenchman, to sail around the world (though some are led to believe that Richard of Normandie, who was part of the fleet of Ferdinand Magellan during his circumnavigation, was the first Frenchman to do so). Completion of his mission
629:
449:
off
Montreal for the last French stand in North America before the general capitulation of September 1760. Of the war, Bougainville wrote in his journal: "It is an abominable kind of war. The very air we breathe is contagious of insensibility and hardness".
930:
retells the story of
Bougainville's landing on Tahiti, narrated by an anonymous reader to one of his friends. Diderot used his fictional approach, including a description of the Tahitians as noble savages, to criticize Western ways of living and thinking.
1512:
Louis
Antoine de Bougainville: "Voyage around the world 1766–1769", London 1772 (A transcription of the translation of "Le voyage autour du monde, par la frégate La Boudeuse, et la flûte L'Étoile" into English by John Reinhold
901:). The book was a sensation, especially the description of Tahitian society. Bougainville described it as an earthly paradise where men and women lived in blissful innocence, far from the corruption of civilization.
386:
and promoted to colonel. When he returned to Canada the following year, he had gained few supplies. The metropolitan officials had decided that, "When the house is on fire, one does not worry about the stables".
539:. A formal ceremony of possession of the Islands was held on 5 April 1764, after which Bougainville and Pernety returned to France. Louis XV formally ratified possession on 12 September 1764.
1147:
1640:
828:. It had lost only seven of its 340 crew, an extremely low level of casualties. This result was considered a credit to the enlightened management of the expedition by Bougainville.
490:
704:
Dr. François Vives; the engineer and cartographer aboard the Étoile
Charles Routier de Romainville; and the writer and historian Louis-Antoine Starot de Saint-Germain.
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1166:
1635:
692:(also Baré or Baret); she would become the first woman known to circumnavigate the globe. Other notable people on this expedition were the astronomer
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1511:
1241:
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who volunteered to come with him. In France, Bougainville introduced
Ahutoru to the high society, including introducing him to the King and Queen at
306:, the son of notary Pierre-Yves de Bougainville (1688–1756), on 12 November 1729. In early life, he studied law, but soon abandoned the profession.
1595:
528:(known as Dom Pernety), the priest and chronicler accompanying the expedition, together with the engineer and geographer Lhuillier de la Serre.
55:
585:
429:
Following the death of the
Marquis de Montcalm and the fall of Québec on 18 September 1759 – after the colonel's aborted attempt to resupply
1600:
102:
1523:
Louis-Antoine de Bougainville: Eighteenth Century French Sailor, Soldier, Statesman, Mathematician and leader of a Voyage around the world
74:
1590:
1320:
1580:
839:. Bougainville also underwrote part of the costs for Ahutoru's return to Tahiti after a two-year absence. The voyage took place under
81:
1615:
253:(12 November 1729 – 31 August 1811) was a French military officer, explorer and nobleman. A contemporary of the British explorer
926:
422:. He did not have sufficient time, however, to rally his troops and attack the British rear when they successfully ascended the
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609:
88:
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shortly after. He narrowly missed becoming their discoverer; a previous visit and claim had been made by British explorer
70:
773:. On 4 June he almost ran into heavy breakers and had to change course to the north and east. He had almost found the
1466:
1380:
1299:
1253:
659:
509:). These islands were at that time almost unknown. At his own expense, Bougainville undertook the task of resettling
353:
121:
813:
1221:
1550:
651:. This was the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe with professional naturalists and geographers aboard.
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A Voyage Round the World Performed by Order of His Most Christian Majesty In the Year 1766, 1767, 1768, and 1769
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943:
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59:
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It was not before 1766, that the English sent a colony to settle in Port de la Croisade, which they had named
418:, upstream from the city; he prevented the British several times from landing and cutting communications with
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1620:
597:
524:(Sphinx) (captained by François Chenard de la Giraudais). This expedition included the naturalist and writer
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After several years of absence, Bougainville again accepted a naval command. In 1777, he was captain of the
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532:
371:
367:
95:
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The expedition arrived in late January 1764 in French Bay (later renamed Berkeley Sound). They landed at
670:(commanded by François Chenard de la Giraudais). This was a large expedition, with a crew of 214 aboard
1013:
964:
794:
262:
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Essential Oceanic Expeditions from the beginning of Zoological binominal nomenclature until the 1950s.
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559:") and future governor of Islas Malvinas, to transfer possession and evacuate the French population.
375:
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who had been deported to France by the British because of their refusal to sign loyalty oaths.
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The Falklands/Malvinas Case: Breaking The Deadlock in the Anglo-Argentine Sovereignty Dispute
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8:
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1039:, made him a senator. He died in Paris on 31 August 1811, during Napoleon's reign of the
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433:– Bougainville was dispatched to the western front by his new commanding officer, the
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of the globe in a scientific expedition in 1763, the first recorded settlement on the
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969:. He managed to rally eight ships of his own division, and bringing them safely into
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less than a year previously. Bougainville claimed the island for France and named it
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in 1783, Bougainville returned to Paris. He obtained the place of associate of the
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In 1771, Bougainville published his travel log from the expedition under the title
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Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours
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458:. Under this France ceded most of New France east of the Mississippi River to the
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On 16 March 1769, the expedition completed its circumnavigation and arrived at
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but, because of the hostility of the people there, avoided landing. He named
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1347:]. Translated by Foster, John Reinhold. London: J. Nourse. p. 32.
1557:. The fonds consists of original records, photocopies and transcriptions.
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In 1756, Bougainville was stationed in Canada as captain of dragoons and
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American Revolution: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection
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516:
On 15 September 1763, Bougainville set out from France with the frigate
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Posthumous bust of Bougainville, made in 1831 by Bosio Astyanax Scevola
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1808, Napoleon gave him the title of count (the Comte de Bougainville).
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Cover page of the English edition of Bougainville's travelogue (1772).
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After the peace, the French decided to colonise the "ĂŽles Malouines" (
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886:
882:
904:
Bougainville's descriptions powerfully expressed the concept of the
688:) and his valet. Commerson's valet was later revealed to be a woman
37:
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419:
406:. With a small elite troop under his command, among which were the
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1804, he was made a Grand Officier de la LĂ©gion d'honneur in 1804.
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The genus of South American climbing shrubs with colorful bracts,
647:
bolstered the prestige of France following its defeats during the
591:
Port St. Louis as established by Bougainville (Dom Pernety, 1769).
547:, Bougainville met Don Felipe Ruiz Puente, commanding the frigate
265:. Bougainville later gained fame for his expeditions, including a
909:
881:). The book describes the geography, biology and anthropology of
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728:
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520:(Eagle) (captained by Nicolas Pierre Duclos-Guyot) and the sloop
333:
1027:. Returning to Paris, he was one of the founding members of the
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750:. During this part of his expedition, one of his crew members,
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From the Warpath to the Plains of Abraham (Virtual exhibition)
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Le Voyage autour du monde de Bougainville: droit et imaginaire
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489:
983:. When he re-entered the French Army, he was commissioned as
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group on the following 22 March, on 2 April saw the peak of
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Map of the trip with French names as they stood at the times
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French military personnel of the American Revolutionary War
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His expedition left Tahiti and sailed westward to southern
642:
In 1766, Bougainville received from Louis XV permission to
347:
1389:
1527:
1004:, but did not gain the support of the French government.
398:), Bougainville participated in the defence of fortified
785:
for himself. The expedition was attacked by people from
1415:. Vol. 1. Group Retozel-Maury Millau. p. 74.
1217:"BOUGAINVILLE, LOUIS-ANTOINE DE, Comte de BOUGAINVILLE"
317:. At the age of twenty-five he published a treatise on
952:, playing a crucial part in the French victory at the
1475:
Louis-Antoine de Bougainville." French and Indian War
1371:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp.
805:
who had preceded Bougainville in discovering Tahiti.
664:(captain : Nicolas Pierre Duclos-Guyot) and the
445:. He was among the officers who accompanied LĂ©vis to
1458:
Storms and Dreams: The Life of Louis de Bougainville
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1364:
1055:'s name is given to the largest eastern island of
1087:" (Lively Island's Spanish name) commemorate him.
1562:
1289:
1016:. He obtained the rank of vice-admiral in 1791.
831:Bougainville brought to France a Tahitian named
465:
1503:Works by or about Louis Antoine de Bougainville
1294:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 25–26.
1160:, was the son of Louis Antoine de Bougainville
1137:Tomb of Louis Antoine de Bougainville, at the
754:, was discovered to be a woman and confessed.
27:French military officer, explorer and nobleman
1225:. Vol. V (1801–1820) (online ed.).
934:
777:. He sailed through what is now known as the
700:Dr. Louis-Claude Laporte; the surgeon of the
1551:(Fonds Louis-Antoine de Bougainville, R6491)
1336:
1313:
1311:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1242:"Bougainville, Louis-Antoine de (1729-1811)"
500:
1248:. Vol. I. ABC-CLIO. pp. 151–152.
1067:. It is also applied to the strait between
1007:
1000:. He proposed a voyage of discovery to the
1636:French people of the French and Indian War
1549:Archives of Louis-Antoine de Bougainville
1239:
1214:
867:Le voyage autour du monde, par la frégate
273:, and voyages into the Pacific Ocean. The
144:
1626:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
1478:. HighBeam Research. 2003. Archived from
1442:. Nancy: Presses universitaires de Nancy.
1308:
1278:
850:
678:. Included in the party was the botanist
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
1460:. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press.
1437:
1337:Bougainville, Louis Antoine de (1772) .
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603:Port St. Louis (Federico Lacroix, 1841).
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348:Seven Years' War (French and Indian War)
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1596:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour
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1494:Works by Louis Antoine de Bougainville
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1354:
789:so the French expedition made for the
414:, he patrolled the north shore of the
1537:Voyage autour du monde, audio version
1438:Waggaman, Béatrice Élisabeth (1992).
1410:
1395:
439:three-pronged attack against Montréal
426:and attacked Quebec on 13 September.
390:During the pivotal year of 1759 (see
1446:
1063:which divides it from the island of
1046:
963:, Bougainville commanded the 80-gun
927:Supplément au voyage de Bougainville
658:on 15 November 1766 with two ships:
340:, where he was made a member of the
251:Louis-Antoine, Comte de Bougainville
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
1351:
1012:In 1787, he became a member of the
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623:
615:Port St. Louis (Dom Pernety, 1769).
24:
1290:Roberto C. Laver (February 2001).
1109:have been named in his honor, see
769:turned west still looking for the
638:, of Louis Antoine de Bougainville
496:, by Louis Antoine de Bougainville
25:
1662:
1601:Members of the SĂ©nat conservateur
1591:Counts of the First French Empire
1487:
1327:; accessed : 1 November 2010
1219:. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.).
1019:In 1794, having escaped from the
912:thoughts of philosophers such as
1539:
1222:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1165:
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1130:
608:
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584:
374:. He was wounded in 1758 at the
366:. He took an active part in the
285:flower are named in his honour.
224:
213:
192:
36:
1616:French explorers of the Pacific
1244:. In Tucker, Spencer C. (ed.).
843:, but Ahutoru died en route of
293:
71:"Louis Antoine de Bougainville"
47:needs additional citations for
1581:Burials at the Panthéon, Paris
1330:
1269:
1233:
1208:
1023:, he retired to his estate in
354:France in the Seven Years' War
13:
1:
1586:Circumnavigators of the globe
1215:Taillemite, Étienne (2003) .
466:First French circumnavigation
138:Louis Antoine de Bougainville
1606:Fellows of the Royal Society
1451:. New York: Greenwood Press.
1189:Portrait of Bougainville at
1037:First Consul of the Republic
950:War of American Independence
372:Battle of Fort William Henry
288:
7:
1555:Library and Archives Canada
1411:Roche, Jean-Michel (2005).
1227:University of Toronto Press
437:. He attempted to stop the
10:
1667:
1240:Vandervort, Bruce (2018).
1014:French Academy of Sciences
935:American Revolutionary War
731:and visited the island of
441:from his entrenchments at
351:
263:American Revolutionary War
1449:The French and Indian War
1154:Hyacinthe de Bougainville
1079:group. In the Falklands,
1035:, at the time serving as
916:before the advent of the
885:(then a Spanish colony),
879:A Voyage Around the World
818:Traité du calcul intégral
707:
576:ĂŽles Malouines settlement
501:ĂŽles Malouines settlement
454:helping to negotiate the
298:Bougainville was born in
242:Hyacinthe de Bougainville
237:
206:
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136:
1447:Cave, Alfred A. (2004).
1008:Promotion and retirement
954:Battle of the Chesapeake
797:, they received news of
338:French embassy in London
332:In 1755, he was sent to
309:In 1753, he entered the
1398:, p. 74, volume 1.
315:Musketeers of the Guard
1530:Digital Version Plates
1456:Dunmore, John (2007).
1363:Salmond, Anne (2010).
1340:Voyage autour du monde
1194:
1105:Thirteen ships of the
948:. He took part in the
875:Voyage autour du monde
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852:Voyage autour du monde
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723:He saw islands of the
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716:Bougainville reaching
682:(who named the flower
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526:Antoine-Joseph Pernety
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483:Voyage autour du monde
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368:capture of Fort Oswego
323:Guillaume de l'HĂ´pital
1651:Scientists from Paris
1323:31 March 2016 at the
1188:
1096:, is named after him.
1029:Bureau des Longitudes
977:. He was promoted to
961:Battle of the Saintes
914:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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562:Bougainville wrote:
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396:French and Indian War
370:in 1756 and the 1757
352:Further information:
327:Des infiniment petits
321:, as a supplement to
302:, the capital of the
18:Louis de Bougainville
1631:People of New France
1621:French Navy admirals
1482:on 14 November 2018.
1181:Notes and references
1156:, also a sailor and
973:after the defeat of
694:Pierre-Antoine Veron
447:Saint Helen's Island
412:Volontaires Ă cheval
336:as secretary to the
56:improve this article
1041:First French Empire
783:Bougainville Island
765:, then on sighting
680:Philibert Commerçon
364:Marquis de Montcalm
275:Bougainville Island
257:, he served in the
1646:Explorers of Chile
1367:Aphrodite's Island
1195:
1191:HĂ´tel de la Marine
1033:Napoleon Bonaparte
998:Académie de Marine
908:, influencing the
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775:Great Barrier Reef
771:Southern Continent
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654:Bougainville left
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435:Chevalier de LĂ©vis
416:St. Lawrence River
376:successful defense
1498:Project Gutenberg
1422:978-2-9525917-0-6
1085:Isla Bougainville
1047:Legacy and honors
918:French Revolution
873:L'Étoile (a.k.a.
847:in October 1771.
696:; the surgeon of
535:named after King
431:the besieged city
424:Plains of Abraham
402:, the capital of
384:Cross of St Louis
319:integral calculus
304:Kingdom of France
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1553:are held at
1480:the original
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1259:. Retrieved
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294:Early career
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178:(1811-08-31)
150:Portrait by
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54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
1576:1811 deaths
1571:1729 births
1547:(in French)
1534:(in French)
1373:90, 118–119
1107:French Navy
1031:. In 1799,
869:La Boudeuse
787:New Ireland
748:New Cythera
568:Port Egmont
311:French Army
232:French Navy
221:France Army
1565:Categories
1275:Cave, p.11
1203:References
1081:Port Louis
1069:Mallicollo
1002:North Pole
837:Versailles
826:Saint-Malo
533:Port Louis
408:Grenadiers
404:New France
255:James Cook
187:Allegiance
82:newspapers
1431:165892922
945:Bien-Aimé
895:Indonesia
887:Patagonia
883:Argentina
553:La Liebre
522:Le Sphinz
289:Biography
238:Relations
1513:Forster)
1321:Archived
1193:(Paris).
1141:in Paris
1139:Panthéon
1065:Choiseul
1025:Normandy
924:'s book
897:(then a
845:smallpox
803:Carteret
791:Moluccas
761:and the
733:Otaheite
698:Boudeuse
672:Boudeuse
661:Boudeuse
635:Boudeuse
557:the Hare
537:Louis XV
511:Acadians
494:Boudeuse
420:Montreal
410:and the
261:and the
207:Service/
168:, France
1528:Gallica
1505:at the
1083:, and "
966:Auguste
959:At the
910:utopian
833:Ahutoru
795:Batavia
743:Dolphin
729:Mehetia
725:Tuamotu
518:L'Aigle
362:to the
334:England
96:scholar
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1122:Legacy
1061:strait
992:After
941:74-gun
893:, and
891:Tahiti
820:, 1754
799:Wallis
718:Tahiti
708:Tahiti
702:Étoile
676:Étoile
667:Étoile
656:Nantes
400:Quebec
229:
218:
209:branch
200:France
197:
154:, 1790
98:
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77:
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1343:[
1261:1 May
1198:Notes
793:. At
759:Samoa
300:Paris
244:(son)
166:Paris
103:JSTOR
89:books
1463:ISBN
1427:OCLC
1417:ISBN
1377:ISBN
1296:ISBN
1263:2021
1250:ISBN
1071:and
877:and
801:and
741:HMS
632:The
551:and
394:and
173:Died
160:Born
75:news
1496:at
739:in
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58:by
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