690:
gallery. The inside is divided into two rooms, one behind the other. On the back there is another platform. The whole building is raised on short stilts about half a metre off the ground. The front platform is used for general activities while the covered gallery is the favorite place for the men to host guests, and where the men usually sleep. The following first room is entered by a door and contains a central communal hearth and a place for dancing. There are also places for religious and ritual objects and activities. In the adjoining room the women and their small children as well as unmarried daughters sleep, usually in compartments divided into families. The platform on the back is used by the women for their everyday activities. Visiting women usually enter the house here.
622:
as defence against enemy attacks. Some longhouses are quite large; up to 1152m. The entire architecture is designed and built as a standing tree with branches to the right and left with the front part facing the sunrise while the back faces the sunset. The longhouse building acts as the normal accommodation and a house of worship for religious activities. The entry could double as a canoe dock. Cooling air could circulate underneath the raised floor of the dwelling, and the elevated living areas were more likely to catch above-ground breezes. Livestock could shelter underneath the longhouses for greater protection from predators and the elements. In fact, chickens coops were hung from the main room structure for easy feeding.
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436:
192:
573:
448:
118:
166:
699:
658:
42:
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in the roof. Two families shared each hearth. Each longhouse would house several generations of an extended family; a house was built proportionately to the number of families it was expected to contain and might be lengthened over time to accommodate growth. It is possible to infer the population of
423:
The longhouses inhabited by the
Iroquois were wood boards/bark-covered structures of standardized design "in the shape of an arbor" about 6 to 7 metres (20 to 23 ft) wide providing shelter for several related families. The longhouse had a 3-metre-wide (9.8 ft) central aisle and 2-metre-wide
621:
in the past, as otherwise hardly related people have come to build their dwellings in similar ways. One may observe similarities to South
American jungle villages also living in large single structures. They are raised and built over a hill, flooding presents little inconvenience and the height acts
1329:
from 1912. Somewhat pov as can be expected for the time and quite wrong on some ethnic points, still a good source for the architecture of the time and other things like clothing. Seems to center on the Kayan within
Sarawak with regards to the difference to other groups. (Gutenberg project complete
689:
is also described as a longhouse on stilts. Some five to ten families may live in each, but they are organized differently inside from those on Borneo. From front to back, such a house, called an "uma", regularly consists of an open platform serving as the main entrance place, followed by a covered
264:
As skills and wealth have increased; after 1500 many had built in settles, most by 1700 would have been adapted and have: separate buildings for livestock, a second storey, stairways, a chimney with bread oven, an outshut (pantry/larder/dairy which was only accessible from inside the house), glazed
1278:
Basic school book keeping the language simple and explaining things so children unaware of the world outside of their village can easily understand. Yet, as school books often are, very rich in information. On page 100 is a drawing of a longhouse (cut open) with a detailed description. Some of the
616:
in Malay. Common to most of these is that they are built raised off the ground on stilts and are divided into a more or less public area along one side and a row of private living quarters lined along the other side. This seems to have been the way of building best accustomed to life in the
523:
started raising their buildings on stilts, so that the inner partitions and arrangements are somewhat obscure. The size of the buildings and their placement within the settlements may point to buildings for the nobles of their society or some sort of community or religious buildings. In
625:
Old longhouses in Asia were made of tree trunks as structure members, long leaves as the roof cover, split bamboo or small tree trunks as the flooring and tree bark as the wall coverings. In the past, longhouses were primarily made out of timber sourced from trees such as
761:
with big families of many generations, sometimes 40â50 people. All household members pool their labor force, contribute their income, share the expenditure and use one kitchen. Traditionally, their houses are built entirely using natural materials such as
385:
or grain to be stored in dry conditions. This development may have been driven because the weather became wetter over time. Good examples of these houses have been preserved, some dating back to the 16th century. The longhouse was 50 to 60 feet long.
244:
As glass was not available until the middle of the 16th century, they were oriented loosely East West with openings (for a door and latticed unglazed windows) only in the South wall to provide the maximum shelter from the worst weather and catch the
257:
The cross passage (often misnamed as a breezeway did not pass right through the building) establishes distinct areas for people in one half of the house and livestock in the other, but would only be needed for a couple of months at most in the
519:, longhouses have been found that date to circa 1100â850 BC. Their layout seems to be similar to those of the Iroquois. In these, several fireplaces were arranged along the longitudinal axis of the building. Later, the ancient
424:(6.6 ft) compartments, about 6 to 7 metres (20 to 23 ft) long, down each side. The end compartments were usually used for storage. Hearths were spaced about 6 to 7 metres (20 to 23 ft) apart down the aisle, with
1190:
381:, with its variant, the Frisian house. With these house types the wooden posts originally rammed into the ground were replaced by posts supported on a base. The large and well-supported attic enabled large quantities of
636:) so the longhouses were able to stand firm and durable. In modern times many of the older longhouses have been replaced with buildings using more modern materials, like brick or cement, but of similar design.
730:) that may be 30 to 40 metres (98 to 131 ft) long. In contrast to the jungle versions of Borneo these sport shorter stilts and seem to use a veranda in front of a short (gable) side as main entrance.
1187:
1149:
1357:
1323:
Dense study of schizophrenia, but includes two pages of "2. Longhouse architecture: Ruai, bilik and sadau", with a plan view and elevation view; and detailed references.
224:, are often typified by the use of cruck construction. It is built along a slope, and a single passage gives access to both human and animal shelter under a single roof.
1259:â Borneo Literature Bureau Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Printed in Hong Kong by Dai Nippon Printing Co. (Int.) Ltd. â with translations to Malay, Iban and Chinese (
241:
There are many places on and around Exmoor where if you trace a stream up to its source you find a spring and an adjacent
Longhouse, being a preferred location.
146:
around 5000 BCE, 7,000 years ago. These were farming settlements built in groups of six to twelve longhouses; they were home to large extended families and kin.
925:
261:
There was a fire pit, sometimes with a stone reredos, (Hendreâr-ywydd Uchaf
Farmhouse, Denbighshire) the smoke rose to the eaves and passed through the thatch.
1213:
435:
401:
395:
102:
2748:
251:
the lower parts of the walls are formed from rough stone in mud pointing with cob above, as before the 17th century lime cement were virtually unknown.
1101:
409:
46:
983:
954:
3262:
1387:
3145:
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68:
is a type of long, proportionately narrow, single-room building for communal dwelling. It has been built in various parts of the world including
901:
3101:
2610:
254:
The floors were not made a true level. Livestock used the lower end. A hole is often provided in the base of the end wall for mucking out.
1145:
2933:
2384:
876:
1266:
Short introduction text followed by the photo section (ca. 170) with quite detailed descriptions to each photo in the four languages.
1052:
1337:
1344:
1036:
1083:
1301:
1380:
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coast in the third or fourth century BCE and may be the ancestors of several medieval house types such as the
Scandinavian
1349:
230:
Some can be dated using dendrochronology to before 1400, but sites can be much older and have names with a Saxon origin.
1307:
106:
1072:
3247:
2511:
1417:
1237:
1114:
857:
922:
3257:
2718:
2605:
1210:
3130:
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1559:
1373:
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of ancient Taiwan built longhouses and practiced head hunting, as did, for example the later Dayaks of Borneo.
447:
54:
2743:
2273:
1533:
661:
An uma, the traditional communal house of the
Sakuddei on the island of Siberut, part of the Mentawai Islands
50:
1601:
2738:
2278:
1751:
1120:
1427:
474:
of central Brazil build a series of longhouses in circular formations forming round villages. The ancient
369:
were the Low German house in northern and especially northwestern
Germany and its northern neighbour, the
238:
A single-story building, one room deep, laid out as two crucked bays a cross passage and two crucked bays.
1704:
975:
946:
703:
415:
3006:
2807:
419:
Interior of a Salish longhouse, British
Columbia, 1864. Watercolour by Edward M. Richardson (1810â1874)
408:(Haudenosaunee) in the northeast, and a similarly shaped structure which arose independently among the
17:
2812:
2627:
1207:
Park, hill migration and changes in household livelihood systems of Rana Tharus in Far-western Nepal.
30:
This article is about the communal dwelling. For longhouses as a place to urinate and defecate, see
3001:
2093:
1638:
893:
2165:
2160:
3118:
3028:
2200:
1967:
1786:
1719:
1451:
828:
785:
87:
and often represent the earliest form of permanent structure in many cultures. Types include the
1295:
319:), is very similar to the western British type with shared livestock quarters and central drain.
191:
3206:
3080:
2686:
2577:
2565:
2261:
2002:
1841:
1478:
1412:
1396:
1315:"Space, repetition and collective interlocution: Psychiatric interviews in a Borneo longhouse"
316:
2945:
2881:
2755:
2448:
2374:
2148:
2143:
2081:
2020:
1957:
1905:
1898:
1444:
643:
have "Long" in their name (which means river) and most of these are or once were longhouses.
628:
549:
323:
185:
2330:
3242:
3211:
3162:
3157:
3140:
3135:
3113:
2903:
2617:
2470:
2362:
2266:
2059:
1744:
1543:
1486:
1333:
873:
512:
135:
122:
88:
1714:
1056:
8:
3252:
3201:
2866:
2671:
2504:
2037:
1910:
1791:
1766:
1251:
For the longhouses in
Sarawak on Borneo, these books were used as sources, among others:
763:
723:
545:
508:
1314:
1275:â Borneo Literature Bureau. Printed in Hong Kong by Dai Nippon Printing Co. (Int.) Ltd.
3152:
3055:
2957:
2770:
1952:
1682:
1648:
746:
378:
205:
35:
227:
There are dozens of pre-1600 Longhouses remaining on Exmoor and the surrounding area.
3194:
3184:
3174:
3123:
2780:
2698:
1992:
1977:
1962:
1942:
1833:
1812:
1623:
1466:
1233:
1110:
853:
823:
597:
370:
331:
1033:
3189:
3096:
2839:
2622:
2422:
2342:
2298:
2098:
1920:
1771:
1731:
674:
572:
170:
158:
2681:
2637:
1080:
117:
3070:
3040:
2802:
2730:
2708:
2666:
2561:
2531:
2396:
2391:
2042:
1925:
1496:
1217:
1194:
1178:
Delft/ZĂŒrich: Volkenkundig Museum Nusantara/Museum Rietberg.(1979/80) and others.
1171:
1087:
1076:
1040:
929:
880:
577:
479:
552:
group seems to have spread to southeast Asia and the Pacific islands as well as
157:; the English, Welsh, and Scottish longhouse variants; and the German and Dutch
3179:
3106:
2928:
2893:
2824:
2713:
2585:
2293:
1878:
1868:
1689:
1670:
817:
304:
292:
201:
143:
139:
894:"Flying Past â The Historic Environment of Cornwall: The Medieval Countryside"
3236:
3065:
3050:
2996:
2974:
2871:
2859:
2775:
2644:
2526:
2487:
2475:
2463:
2175:
2086:
2015:
1756:
1699:
1677:
1586:
1518:
1513:
1491:
652:
593:
561:
486:
build a round hut with a thatched roof that has a hole in the middle, called
471:
459:
77:
1606:
2984:
2940:
2921:
2876:
2676:
2600:
2357:
2352:
2308:
1935:
1817:
1781:
1761:
1613:
1591:
1503:
1069:
743:
739:
711:
601:
91:
of Europe, the Norman Medieval Longhouses that evolved in Western Britain (
3033:
165:
3023:
3013:
2969:
2964:
2916:
2854:
2817:
2790:
2691:
2661:
2536:
2458:
2379:
2367:
2128:
2113:
2103:
2074:
2032:
1947:
1915:
1863:
1796:
1633:
1508:
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715:
605:
529:
475:
366:
1326:
532:, the large longhouses, 29 and 26 metres long, are situated between the
3167:
3060:
3018:
2834:
2797:
2760:
2656:
2243:
2155:
1982:
1883:
1856:
1776:
1574:
1528:
1439:
1407:
1296:
Inside Austronesian Houses: Perspectives on domestic designs for living
1146:"Discovering Sarawak's Kayan tribe through a 'secret' harvest festival"
589:
553:
533:
525:
429:
an Iroquois town from the sizes and number of longhouses it contained.
425:
335:
278:
174:
97:
3075:
2844:
2829:
2427:
2412:
2337:
2238:
2123:
2064:
2054:
2049:
1972:
1851:
1739:
1665:
1432:
1422:
779:
767:
686:
504:
483:
353:
265:
windows, lime screed floors and at least some decorative plasterwork.
150:
149:
The Germanic cattle-farmer longhouses emerged along the southwestern
1176:
Speelgoed voor de zielen: Kunst en cultuur van de Mentawai-eilanden.
312:
2849:
2785:
2632:
2590:
2325:
2233:
2108:
1930:
1893:
1873:
811:
666:
633:
544:
The longhouse may be an old building tradition among the people of
463:
405:
296:
213:
31:
2911:
2703:
2649:
2595:
2417:
2223:
2133:
1987:
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1709:
1628:
1581:
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719:
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520:
487:
374:
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346:
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271:
126:
1327:
The Pagan Tribes of Borneo by Charles Hose and William McDougall
342:), which spread along the North Sea coast to the east and north.
2979:
2516:
2494:
2347:
2283:
2228:
1618:
1596:
1564:
1538:
800:
657:
640:
618:
585:
557:
467:
308:
178:
84:
73:
814:, a similar structure built by the MÄori people of New Zealand
677:
some 130 kilometres (81 mi) to the west off the coast of
470:
traditionally combine a household in a single long house. The
3045:
2765:
2499:
2453:
2315:
2170:
2118:
1694:
1660:
790:
754:
750:
516:
217:
209:
612:
in Indonesia (specifically the western parts of Borneo) and
2991:
2952:
2432:
2288:
2218:
2138:
2010:
1523:
795:
69:
1340:
View a North American longhouse village, Ontario, Canada.
1304:
listing of some of the ethnic groups of Sarawak, Malaysia.
365:
Further developments of the Germanic longhouse during the
2303:
2069:
2027:
584:
Many of the inhabitants of the Southeast Asian island of
382:
852:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. p. 34.
41:
1109:. Matson Museum of Archaeology, Penn State University.
400:
In North America two groups of longhouses emerged: the
1343:
Exhibitions & Galleries: World Culture Galleries:
396:
Longhouses of the indigenous peoples of North America
1079:
by Christian Lassure, with a translation in English
808:, a similar building built by communities in Vanuatu
478:
of the Brazilian coast used to do this as well. The
121:
A reconstructed Viking chieftain's longhouse at the
1261:
Pendiau Dirumah Panjai â Kehidupan Di-Rumah Panjang
850:
Worlds Together, Worlds Apart concise edition vol.1
820:, a Paleo-Eskimo culture that also built longhouses
936:, Y Cymmrodor XLVII, London 1940, Iorwerth C Peate
757:. Most of them prefer living in longhouses called
441:Exterior and cutaway view of an Iroquois longhouse
1188:Vietnamese description of the NhĂ dĂ i of the Ă ÄĂȘ
490:, which could be considered a sort of longhouse.
410:indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast
334:which probably influenced the development of the
161:. The longhouse is a traditional form of shelter.
3234:
1271:Dickson, M.G. (Third edition (revised) 1968).
722:also have a tradition of building longhouses (
361:Medieval development of the Germanic longhouse
138:type was introduced with the first farmers of
1381:
1279:photos are from Hedda Morrison; see her book
1313:Robert J. Barrett (file dated 6 May 2004),
1255:Morrison, Hedda. (Fifth impression 1974).
604:, live traditionally in buildings known as
1395:
1388:
1374:
576:A modern timber longhouse at Sungai Asap,
536:cemetery and the rest of the settlement.
404:of the tribes usually connected with the
1298:with long sections on Borneo longhouses.
1070:L'Architecture Vernaculaire de la France
1018:
1003:
934:The Welsh House, A Study In Folk Culture
697:
656:
571:
414:
190:
164:
116:
40:
3263:Indigenous architecture of the Americas
847:
402:Native American/First Nations longhouse
14:
3235:
1230:Approaches to sustainable development.
105:built by different cultures among the
2559:
2198:
1464:
1369:
1021:Oak Furniture â The British Tradition
248:They are often dug into the hillside,
234:Longhouses on Exmoor are typically: -
2560:
1228:Auty, R.M., Brown, K. (eds.) (1997)
1152:from the original on October 6, 2019
1103:Mohawk Valley Archaeology: The Sites
1099:
1093:
923:The Dartmoor Longhouse Poster (pdf)
24:
1321:1(1) (2004), pp. 25–34.
1289:
186:medieval longhouse types of Europe
169:Reconstructed Viking longhouse in
107:indigenous peoples of the Americas
34:. For the religious movement, see
25:
3274:
2512:Megalithic architectural elements
1362:(Haida potlatches and longhouses)
548:origin or intensive contact. The
453:Interior of an Iroquois longhouse
2199:
1345:Gallery of Canada: First Peoples
904:from the original on 15 May 2016
883:at the English Heritage website.
665:A traditional house type of the
446:
434:
3131:Evolutionary origin of religion
1246:
1232:Pinter, London and Washington.
1222:
1199:
1181:
1164:
1138:
1063:
1045:
1004:Harrison, Rev. William (1577).
986:from the original on 2022-11-10
957:from the original on 2022-11-09
1027:
1012:
997:
968:
939:
916:
886:
866:
841:
270:The northwest England type in
55:University of British Columbia
13:
1:
2744:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
2274:British megalith architecture
1310:Kenyah-Kayan traditional art.
834:
2739:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
2279:Nordic megalith architecture
1319:Communication & Medicine
980:britishlistedbuildings.co.uk
898:www.historic-cornwall.org.uk
7:
1023:. Antique Collectors' Club.
874:Medieval Peasant Long-house
848:Pollard, Elizabeth (2015).
773:
389:
220:, where it is known as the
10:
3279:
2887:British Isles and Brittany
2808:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
1350:Collections & Research
693:
650:
646:
393:
195:Dartmoor granite longhouse
103:various types of longhouse
29:
3089:
2902:
2729:
2576:
2572:
2555:
2441:
2405:
2254:
2211:
2207:
2194:
2001:
1832:
1805:
1730:
1656:
1647:
1552:
1477:
1473:
1465:
1460:
1403:
1019:Chinnery, Victor (1979).
702:A Mnong longhouse in the
669:people, on the island of
567:
539:
277:The Scottish longhouse, "
112:
3248:Architecture in Malaysia
1352:Online image collection.
1053:"Blackhouse in Scotland"
1006:A Description of England
951:Archaeology Data Service
733:
528:, an excavation site in
498:
330:that developed into the
188:that have survived are:
49:-style longhouse at the
3258:Vernacular architecture
3119:Evolutionary musicology
2522:Oldest extant buildings
2449:Archaeological features
1968:Prepared-core technique
1209:University of Adelaide
829:Vernacular architecture
786:Indigenous architecture
493:
287:The Western French or
95:) and Northern France (
47:Pacific Northwest Coast
3081:Unchambered long cairn
2929:Mound Builders culture
2262:Neolithic architecture
1397:Prehistoric technology
1359:The Potlatch Longhouse
1273:Sarawak and its People
976:"Listed Buildings Map"
727:
707:
662:
581:
458:In South America, the
420:
196:
181:
130:
57:
51:Museum of Anthropology
2756:List of Stone Age art
1958:Microblade technology
1906:Langdale axe industry
1504:Ard / plough
1059:on December 31, 2009.
782:, a related structure
701:
660:
629:Eusideroxylon zwageri
590:Indonesian Kalimantan
575:
550:Austronesian language
418:
324:Old Frisian longhouse
194:
168:
120:
83:Many were built from
44:
3163:Prehistoric medicine
3158:Prehistoric counting
3141:Prehistoric religion
3136:Paleolithic religion
3114:Behavioral modernity
2471:Causewayed enclosure
2363:Abri de la Madeleine
1487:Neolithic Revolution
1334:Royal Ontario Museum
1193:May 5, 2009, at the
1034:Longhouse in Cumbria
766:poles for walls and
639:Many place names in
513:Mumun pottery period
345:The Scandinavian or
136:Neolithic long house
123:Lofotr Viking Museum
89:Neolithic long house
3202:Prehistoric warfare
1948:Magdalenian culture
1911:Levallois technique
1842:Earliest toolmaking
1308:Borneo (Kalimantan)
1281:Life in a Longhouse
1257:Life in a Longhouse
1126:on January 14, 2017
1100:Snow, Dean (1995).
556:from the island of
509:archaeological site
3153:Origin of language
3146:Spiritual drug use
3056:Rectangular dolmen
2958:Dartmoor kistvaens
2771:Carved stone balls
2483:Circular enclosure
2442:Other architecture
2385:Alp pile dwellings
1973:Solutrean industry
1884:Gravettian culture
1534:Secondary products
1216:2011-09-28 at the
1086:2008-11-16 at the
1075:2009-03-11 at the
1039:2011-10-02 at the
928:2012-05-29 at the
879:2023-07-14 at the
708:
663:
582:
560:. Groups like the
421:
206:Dartmoor longhouse
197:
182:
131:
58:
36:Longhouse Religion
3230:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3175:Prehistoric music
3124:music archaeology
2781:Cup and ring mark
2606:Clothing/textiles
2551:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2185:
1993:Yubetsu technique
1978:Striking platform
1943:Lithic technology
1828:
1827:
1813:Game drive system
1732:Projectile points
1624:Mortar and pestle
1338:longhouse village
1205:Lam, L.M. (2009)
872:Description of a
824:Kampong (village)
704:Central Highlands
598:Brunei Darussalam
371:Geestharden house
332:Frisian farmhouse
45:A North American
16:(Redirected from
3270:
3190:Divje Babe flute
3097:Archaeoastronomy
2840:Petrosomatoglyph
2574:
2573:
2557:
2556:
2406:Water management
2209:
2208:
2196:
2195:
2099:Denticulate tool
1921:Lithic reduction
1654:
1653:
1475:
1474:
1462:
1461:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1367:
1366:
1240:
1226:
1220:
1211:full text as pdf
1203:
1197:
1185:
1179:
1170:As described by
1168:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1148:. June 3, 2019.
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1125:
1119:. Archived from
1108:
1097:
1091:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1055:. Archived from
1049:
1043:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1001:
995:
994:
992:
991:
972:
966:
965:
963:
962:
947:"Cruck Database"
943:
937:
920:
914:
913:
911:
909:
890:
884:
870:
864:
863:
845:
675:Mentawai Islands
450:
438:
159:Low German house
21:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3218:
3085:
3071:Stone box grave
3041:Megalithic tomb
2946:Cotswold-Severn
2898:
2803:Guardian stones
2731:Prehistoric art
2725:
2568:
2543:
2532:Timber trackway
2437:
2401:
2397:Wattle and daub
2250:
2229:Standing stones
2203:
2182:
1997:
1824:
1801:
1726:
1643:
1553:Food processing
1548:
1497:New World crops
1469:
1456:
1399:
1394:
1322:
1292:
1290:Further reading
1249:
1244:
1243:
1227:
1223:
1218:Wayback Machine
1204:
1200:
1195:Wayback Machine
1186:
1182:
1172:Reimar Schefold
1169:
1165:
1155:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1088:Wayback Machine
1077:Wayback Machine
1068:
1064:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1041:Wayback Machine
1032:
1028:
1017:
1013:
1002:
998:
989:
987:
974:
973:
969:
960:
958:
945:
944:
940:
930:Wayback Machine
921:
917:
907:
905:
892:
891:
887:
881:Wayback Machine
871:
867:
860:
846:
842:
837:
776:
749:to the western
736:
696:
655:
649:
608:or longhouses:
578:Belaga, Sarawak
570:
542:
501:
496:
480:Yanomami people
454:
451:
442:
439:
398:
392:
363:
350:Langhus/LĂ„nghus
317:Pyrenees AriĂšge
283:taighean-dubha.
115:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3276:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3180:Alligator drum
3172:
3171:
3170:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3116:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3107:lunar calendar
3104:
3093:
3091:
3090:Other cultural
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2994:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2908:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2894:Venus figurine
2891:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2825:Megalithic art
2822:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2783:
2778:
2776:Cave paintings
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2741:
2735:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2659:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2578:Material goods
2570:
2569:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2456:
2451:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2301:
2296:
2294:Cliff dwelling
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2213:
2205:
2204:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2013:
2007:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1879:Fire hardening
1876:
1871:
1869:Clovis culture
1866:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1838:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1792:Manis Mastodon
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1736:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1692:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1671:throwing stick
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1483:
1481:
1471:
1470:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1347:
1331:
1324:
1317:(pdf format).
1311:
1305:
1299:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1221:
1198:
1180:
1163:
1137:
1115:
1092:
1062:
1044:
1026:
1011:
996:
967:
938:
915:
885:
865:
858:
839:
838:
836:
833:
832:
831:
826:
821:
818:Dorset culture
815:
809:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
775:
772:
735:
732:
695:
692:
673:, part of the
651:Main article:
648:
645:
569:
566:
541:
538:
500:
497:
495:
492:
482:of Brazil and
466:and northwest
456:
455:
452:
445:
443:
440:
433:
394:Main article:
391:
388:
362:
359:
358:
357:
343:
320:
293:Lower Brittany
285:
275:
268:
267:
266:
262:
259:
255:
252:
249:
246:
242:
239:
236:
231:
225:
208:' variants in
163:
162:
147:
144:Western Europe
114:
111:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3275:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3066:Simple dolmen
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3051:Passage grave
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2997:Gallery grave
2995:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2912:Burial mounds
2910:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2872:Statue menhir
2870:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2860:Stone carving
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2699:Sewing needle
2697:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2527:Timber circle
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2476:Tor enclosure
2474:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2464:fulacht fiadh
2462:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1700:spear-thrower
1698:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1678:Bow and arrow
1676:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1587:Grinding slab
1585:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1519:Domestication
1517:
1515:
1514:Digging stick
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1492:Founder crops
1490:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1433:New Stone Age
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1239:
1238:1-85567-439-4
1235:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1122:
1118:
1116:0-9647913-0-7
1112:
1105:
1104:
1096:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1058:
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770:for roofing.
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653:Uma longhouse
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631:
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623:
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614:rumah panjang
611:
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591:
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307:(also in the
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75:
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63:
56:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
27:Type of house
19:
3007:wedge-shaped
2992:Funeral pyre
2985:Great dolmen
2941:Chamber tomb
2922:Round barrow
2877:Stone circle
2749:Blombos Cave
2677:Grooved ware
2601:Chalcolithic
2505:Thornborough
2423:Flush toilet
2358:Blombos Cave
2353:Rock shelter
2320:
2309:Quiggly hole
2201:Architecture
2176:illustration
1818:Buffalo jump
1639:Storage pits
1602:AĆıklı HöyĂŒk
1592:Ground stone
1428:Subdivisions
1358:
1318:
1280:
1272:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1247:Bibliography
1229:
1224:
1206:
1201:
1183:
1175:
1166:
1154:. Retrieved
1140:
1128:. Retrieved
1121:the original
1102:
1095:
1065:
1057:the original
1047:
1029:
1020:
1014:
1005:
999:
988:. Retrieved
979:
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959:. Retrieved
950:
941:
933:
918:
906:. Retrieved
897:
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868:
849:
843:
758:
744:ethnic group
737:
709:
682:
664:
638:
627:
624:
613:
610:rumah betang
609:
583:
546:Austronesian
543:
502:
457:
422:
399:
364:
349:
339:
327:
288:
282:
233:
221:
200:The Western
184:Some of the
183:
154:
96:
92:
82:
65:
61:
59:
3243:House types
3029:unchambered
3024:Long barrow
3014:Grave goods
2970:Court cairn
2965:Clava cairn
2917:Bowl barrow
2855:Rock cupule
2798:Golden hats
2791:Hill figure
2692:Unstan ware
2672:Cord-marked
2537:Sweet Track
2459:Burnt mound
2380:Stilt house
2368:Sibudu Cave
2161:Tally stick
2129:Quern-stone
2114:Hammerstone
2104:Fire plough
2075:Pesse canoe
2033:Bannerstone
2003:Other tools
1916:Lithic core
1864:Aurignacian
1752:Bare Island
1634:Quern-stone
606:Lamin House
530:South Korea
476:Tupi people
426:smoke holes
367:Middle Ages
173:, north of
101:), and the
3253:Rumah adat
3237:Categories
3168:trepanning
3061:Ring cairn
3019:Jar burial
3002:transepted
2934:U.S. sites
2835:Petroglyph
2761:Bird stone
2719:wine press
2392:Stone roof
2375:Roundhouse
2267:long house
2244:Stonehenge
2212:Ceremonial
2156:Stone tool
1983:Tool stone
1953:Metallurgy
1857:Mousterian
1834:Toolmaking
1772:Cumberland
1745:Transverse
1715:Schöningen
1607:Qesem cave
1575:Earth oven
1529:Irrigation
1440:Technology
1408:Prehistory
1302:Population
1156:October 6,
990:2022-11-10
961:2022-11-09
835:References
747:indigenous
740:Rana Tharu
724:Vietnamese
706:of Vietnam
554:Madagascar
534:megalithic
526:Igeum-dong
377:including
336:Gulf house
279:blackhouse
175:Gothenburg
66:long house
18:Long house
3212:symbolism
3076:Tor cairn
3034:GrĂžnsalen
2975:Cremation
2867:Sculpture
2845:Pictogram
2830:Petroform
2650:amber use
2618:Cosmetics
2428:Reservoir
2413:Check dam
2343:Pueblitos
2338:Pit-house
2321:Longhouse
2255:Dwellings
2124:Microlith
2055:Bow drill
2050:Bone tool
2043:prismatic
1852:Acheulean
1767:Cresswell
1740:Arrowhead
1666:Boomerang
1582:Granaries
1544:Terracing
1423:Stone Age
932:See also
780:Housebarn
687:Indonesia
632:(Bornean
505:Daepyeong
484:Venezuela
379:Schleswig
354:mead hall
338:(German:
202:Brittonic
151:North Sea
62:longhouse
2850:Rock art
2813:painting
2786:Geoglyph
2611:timeline
2591:Beadwork
2331:Mehrgarh
2326:Mudbrick
2234:megalith
2109:Fire-saw
1931:debitage
1926:analysis
1894:Hand axe
1874:Cupstone
1452:Glossary
1413:Timeline
1214:Archived
1191:Archived
1150:Archived
1084:Archived
1073:Archived
1037:Archived
984:Archived
955:Archived
926:Archived
908:16 March
902:Archived
877:Archived
812:Wharenui
774:See also
759:Badaghar
683:Sumatera
667:Sakuddei
634:ironwood
464:Colombia
406:Iroquois
390:Americas
340:Gulfhaus
328:Langhuis
315:and the
297:Normandy
214:Cornwall
129:, Norway
32:Outhouse
3207:Symbols
2818:pigment
2704:Weaving
2667:Cardium
2662:Pottery
2657:Mirrors
2645:Jewelry
2586:Baskets
2566:culture
2418:Cistern
2224:Pyramid
2166:Weapons
2144:Scraper
2134:Racloir
2094:Cleaver
2082:Chopper
1988:Uniface
1899:Grooves
1889:Hafting
1847:Oldowan
1806:Systems
1757:Cascade
1720:woomera
1710:harpoon
1683:history
1649:Hunting
1629:Pottery
1570:Cooking
1479:Farming
1445:history
1418:Outline
806:Nakamal
728:nhĂ dĂ i
720:Vietnam
694:Vietnam
679:Sumatra
671:Siberut
647:Siberut
600:), the
521:Koreans
511:of the
488:shabono
375:Jutland
301:Mayenne
272:Cumbria
258:winter.
155:langhus
140:Central
127:Lofoten
98:LongĂšre
53:at the
3185:flutes
2980:Dolmen
2904:Burial
2714:winery
2687:Linear
2517:Midden
2495:Cursus
2488:Goseck
2348:Pueblo
2299:Dugout
2284:Burdei
1963:Mining
1787:Lamoka
1782:Folsom
1762:Clovis
1619:Metate
1597:Hearth
1565:Basket
1539:Sickle
1236:
1130:May 2,
1113:
856:
801:Wigwam
768:thatch
742:is an
641:Borneo
619:jungle
586:Borneo
568:Borneo
562:Siraya
558:Taiwan
540:Taiwan
468:Brazil
347:Viking
313:LozĂšre
309:Cantal
222:TĆ· Hir
216:, and
179:Sweden
113:Europe
93:TĆ· Hir
85:timber
76:, and
74:Europe
3102:sites
3046:Mummy
2766:Cairn
2682:JĆmon
2633:shoes
2628:Hides
2500:Henge
2454:Broch
2316:Jacal
2171:Wheel
2119:Knife
2065:Canoe
2060:Burin
2038:Blade
1936:flake
1797:Plano
1705:baton
1695:Spear
1661:Arrow
1614:Manos
1467:Tools
1330:text)
1124:(PDF)
1107:(PDF)
791:Igloo
755:Nepal
751:Terai
734:Nepal
712:Mnong
602:Dayak
588:(now
517:Korea
507:, an
499:Korea
305:Anjou
291:from
281:" or
218:Wales
210:Devon
3195:gudi
2953:Cist
2882:list
2709:Wine
2638:Ătzi
2623:Glue
2596:Beds
2564:and
2562:Arts
2433:Well
2289:Cave
2219:Kiva
2149:side
2139:Rope
2087:tool
2021:bone
2011:Adze
1777:Eden
1690:Nets
1560:Fire
1524:Goad
1509:Celt
1234:ISBN
1158:2019
1132:2016
1111:ISBN
1081:here
910:2018
854:ISBN
796:Tipi
764:reed
738:The
716:Rade
714:and
710:The
596:and
494:Asia
352:and
322:The
245:sun.
142:and
134:The
70:Asia
2304:Hut
2239:row
2070:Oar
2028:Axe
2016:Awl
1263:).
753:of
718:of
685:),
515:in
503:In
462:of
383:hay
373:in
326:or
171:Ale
125:in
64:or
3239::
1336::
1174:,
982:.
978:.
953:.
949:.
900:.
896:.
726::
592:,
412:.
311:,
303:,
299:,
295:,
212:,
177:,
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80:.
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60:A
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1375:v
1283:.
1160:.
1134:.
1090:.
1008:.
993:.
964:.
912:.
862:.
681:(
580:.
356:.
274:.
204:'
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
