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212:. Although this constitution protects the rights of religious ceremonies which have been in practice prior to ratification and acknowledges the duties of positive role models to the community, this movement contends that some of Handsome Lake's teachings may contradict existing articles in their interpretation of the Great Law of Peace.
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The Gaihwi:io is proclaimed twice a year: at the
Midwinter Thanksgiving, which falls sometime between January 15 and February 15, and again at the Six Nations meeting in September. Usually the preachers are exchanged between reservations for the event. A full recitation takes three days, mornings
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Handsome Lake vested responsibility for preaching the Gaihwi:io in a number of "holders of the Gaihwi:io", as of 1912 six in number. Since the transmission was oral, the versions began to diverge. In the 1860s the holders of the Gaihwi:io met at
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The Second Great
Awakening was a religious movement in the United States beginning around 1790. It has been described as a reaction against skepticism, deism, and rationalism. This movement was centered in the so-called
225:" in central and western New York State. Handsome Lake's revelations occurred in the same area and "anticipated by a matter of months the surge of revivals that swept through early national and antebellum America".
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professor Peter W. Williams stated that over time the movement became more routinized and more resembles "such 'cultic' religions on the borderline of traditional
Christianity such as
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strand. Some of the congregation sits on benches placed across the longhouse and the remainder sit on benches placed along the walls. Women cover their heads with a shawl.
55:(Sganyodaiyoˀ). This movement combines and reinterprets elements of traditional Iroquois religious beliefs with elements adopted from Christianity, primarily from the
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reported that the Gaihwi:io had about 5,000 practicing members as of 1969. Originally the Gaihwi:io was known as the "new religion" in opposition to the prevailing
173:. Participants may be moved to tears, and the emotional atmosphere sometimes becomes so contagious that many publicly re-declare their allegiance to the religion.
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82:, and sites for religious ceremonies. Gaihwi:io keeps the longhouses for ceremonial purposes, and the movement was therefore termed the "Longhouse Religion".
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only. Before sunrise on each morning of the three days the preacher stands at the fireplace of the longhouse and sings the Sun Song to ensure good weather.
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134:, who somehow lost it. In 1903, afraid that oral transmission would again lead to errors, Chief Cornplanter rewrote it from memory and passed it on to the
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received his revelations while in a trance, after which he ceased drinking and formed the movement. Ganioda'yo's teachings were encoded in
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During the ceremonies the preacher stands before the fireplace, aided by an assistant who sits beside him holding a white
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Prior to the adoption of the single-family dwelling, Iroquois lived in large, extended-family homes also known as
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at the former home of
Handsome Lake. They compared versions and, when differences were found, Seneca Chief
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Popular
Religion in America: Symbolic Change and the Modernization Process in Historical Perspective
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Popular
Religion in America: Symbolic Change and the Modernization Process in Historical Perspective
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Popular
Religion in America: Symbolic Change and the Modernization Process in Historical Perspective
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439:"New theory connects a Native American prophet with Joseph Smith and the Book of Mormon"
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534:. Foreword by Walter R. Echo-Hawk (Updated ed.). New York: Checkmark Books.
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and memorized the corrected version. Chief Jacket gave the written copy to Chief
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635:. With the assistance of Sheila C. Steen. New York; Toronto: Random House.
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and spread through the populations of western New York, Pennsylvania, and
604:(Reprint ed.). Urbana; Chicago, Il: University of Illinois Press.
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Religion including traditional
Iroquois beliefs and Christian elements
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Onondaga longhouse on the Six
Nations Reservation in the early 1900s
575:. With the assistance of Sheila C. Steen. New York: Vintage Books.
286:. With the assistance of Sheila C. Steen. New York: Vintage Books.
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358:"The Confusion between the Great Law and the Handsome Lake Code"
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is the popular name of the religious movement also known as the
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Dreams, Dreamers, and
Visions: The Early Modern Atlantic World
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At the age of 64, after a lifetime of poverty and alcoholism,
465:"Joseph Smith in Iroquois Country: The Handsome Lake Story"
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on letter paper. When he was done the group reassembled at
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Encyclopedia of Native American Religions: An Introduction
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Encyclopedia of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois Confederacy).
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Handsome Lake Preaching at Tonawanda by Jesse Cornplanter
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adjudicated the correct version and wrote it down in the
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beliefs, but has since become known as the "Old Way" in
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Johanson, Bruce Elliot; Mann, Barbara Ellis (2000).
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The atmosphere at the ceremony somewhat resembles a
684:Thomas Jefferson's Letter to Brother Handsome Lake
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416:. New York: Little, Brown & Co. p. 278.
386:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 228.
78:which also served as meeting places, town halls,
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665:"The Code of Handsome Lake, the Seneca Prophet"
526:Hirschfelder, Arlene; Molin, Paulette (2000) .
331:"The Code of Handsome Lake, the Seneca Prophet"
413:One Nation, Under Gods: A New American History
495:. University of Illinois Press. p. 38.
710:Religious organizations established in 1799
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552:Abingdon, UK: Greenwood Publishing Group.
380:Plane, Ann Marie; Tuttle, Leslie (2013).
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130:who in turn passed it on to Chief
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663:Parker, Arthur C. (Nov 1, 1912).
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329:Parker, Arthur C. (Nov 1, 1912).
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632:Death and Rebirth of the Seneca
185:as being too influenced by the
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69:opposition to Christianity
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183:The Code of Handsome Lake
104:The Code of Handsome Lake
700:Native American religion
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469:The Juvenile Instructor
136:New York State Archives
627:Wallace, Anthony F. C.
565:Wallace, Anthony F. C.
276:Wallace, Anthony F. C.
208:of the Six Nations or
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443:Religion News Service
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61:Anthony F. C. Wallace
33:Code of Handsome Lake
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356:Horn, Kahentinetha.
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200:as laid down in the
202:Great Law of Peace
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138:for preservation.
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659:- An introduction
558:978-0-313-30880-2
248:In his 1989 book
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116:John Jacket
112:Cold Spring
694:Categories
520:References
502:0252060733
366:2024-04-18
229:Influences
177:Opposition
92:Ganioda'yo
76:longhouses
629:(2010) .
591:795249676
302:795249676
257:Mormonism
238:Mormonism
65:animistic
41:Kaliwihyo
37:Gaihwi:io
567:(1972).
410:(2015).
278:(1972).
146:Practice
100:Iroquois
80:theaters
51:prophet
675:June 2,
474:June 2,
448:June 2,
341:June 2,
86:Origins
57:Quakers
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508:1 June
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191:Second
164:wampum
96:wampum
49:Seneca
671:(163)
361:(PDF)
337:(163)
263:Notes
187:First
677:2015
637:ISBN
606:ISBN
587:OCLC
577:ISBN
554:ISBN
536:ISBN
510:2015
497:ISBN
476:2015
450:2015
418:ISBN
388:ISBN
343:2015
298:OCLC
288:ISBN
189:and
27:The
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35:or
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