Battle of the Little Bighorn

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village with Capt. Benteen and Lieut. Wallace on the morning of the 27th ... I'm sorely afraid, Tony, that we will have to class Hayward's story, like that of so many others, as pure, unadulterated B. S. As a clerk at headquarters I had occasion to look over the morning reports of at least the six troops at Lincoln almost daily, and never saw his name there, or among the list of scouts employed from time to time ... I am hoping that some day all of these damned fakirs will die and it will be safe for actual participants in the battle to admit and insist that they were there, without being branded and looked upon as a lot of damned liars. Actually, there have been times when I have been tempted to deny that I ever heard of the 7th Cavalry, much less participated with it in that engagement ... My Medal of Honor and its inscription have served me as proof positive that I was at least in the vicinity at the time in question, otherwise I should be tempted to deny all knowledge of the event.

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based this estimate on the number of Lakota that Sitting Bull and other leaders had reportedly led off the reservation in protest of U.S. government policies. It was in fact a correct estimate until several weeks before the battle when the "reservation Indians" joined Sitting Bull's ranks for the summer buffalo hunt. The agents did not consider the many thousands of these "reservation Indians" who had unofficially left the reservation to join their "unco-operative non-reservation cousins led by Sitting Bull". Thus, Custer unknowingly faced thousands of Indians, including the 800 non-reservation "hostiles". All Army plans were based on the incorrect numbers. Although Custer was criticized after the battle for not having accepted reinforcements and for dividing his forces, it appears that he had accepted the same official government estimates of hostiles in the area which Terry and Gibbon had also accepted. Historian James Donovan notes, however, that when Custer later asked interpreter

1363:), the mounted warriors began streaming out to meet the attack. With Reno's men anchored on their right by the protection of the tree line and bend in the river, the Indians rode against the center and exposed left end of Reno's line. After about 20 minutes of long-distance firing, Reno had taken only one casualty, but the odds against him had risen (Reno estimated five to one), and Custer had not reinforced him. Trooper Billy Jackson reported that by then, the Indians had begun massing in the open area shielded by a small hill to the left of Reno's line and to the right of the Indian village. From this position the Indians mounted an attack of more than 500 warriors against the left and rear of Reno's line, turning Reno's exposed left flank. This forced a hasty withdrawal into the timber along the bend in the river. Here the Native Americans pinned Reno and his men down and tried to set fire to the brush to try to drive the soldiers out of their position. 534: 1504: 3389: 3410: 1380: 3295: 3422: 3401: 3380: 3286: 3277: 2702: 1352:

two approximately forty-man companies abreast and eventually with all three charging abreast. The trees also obscured Reno's view of the Native American village until his force had passed that bend on his right front and was suddenly within arrow-shot of the village. The tepees in that area were occupied by the Hunkpapa Sioux. Neither Custer nor Reno had much idea of the length, depth and size of the encampment they were attacking, as the village was hidden by the trees. When Reno came into the open in front of the south end of the village, he sent his Arikara/Ree and Crow Indian scouts forward on his exposed left flank. Realizing the full extent of the village's width, Reno quickly suspected what he would later call "a trap" and stopped a few hundred yards short of the encampment.

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cumbersome over mixed terrain and vulnerable to breakdowns. Custer, valuing the mobility of the 7th Cavalry and recognizing Terry's acknowledgment of the regiment as "the primary strike force" preferred to remain unencumbered by the Gatling guns. Custer insisted that the artillery was superfluous to his success, in that the 7th Cavalry alone was sufficient to cope with any force they should encounter, informing Terry: "The 7th can handle anything it meets". In addition to these practical concerns, a strained relationship with Major James Brisbin induced Custer's polite refusal to integrate Brisbin's Second Cavalry unit—and the Gatling guns—into his strike force, as it would disrupt any hierarchical arrangements that Custer presided over.

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river. He made no attempt to engage the Indians to prevent them from picking off men in the rear. The retreat was immediately disrupted by Cheyenne attacks at close quarters. A steep bank some 8 feet (2.4 m) high awaited the mounted men as they crossed the river; some horses fell back onto others below them. Indians both fired on the soldiers from a distance and within close quarters pulled them off their horses and clubbed their heads. Later, Reno reported that three officers and 29 troopers had been killed during the retreat and subsequent fording of the river. Another officer and 13–18 men were missing. Most of these missing men were left behind in the timber, although many eventually rejoined the detachment.

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Italian immigrant bugler John Martin (Giovanni Martino) with the handwritten message: "Benteen. Come on, Big Village, Be quick, Bring packs. P.S. Bring Packs." This message made no sense to Benteen, as his men would be needed more in a fight than the packs carried by herd animals. Though both men inferred that Custer was engaged in battle, Reno refused to move until the packs arrived so his men could resupply. The detachments were later reinforced by McDougall's Company B and the pack train. The 14 officers and 340 troopers on the bluffs organized an all-around defense and dug rifle pits using whatever implements they had among them, including knives. This practice had become standard during the last year of the

1424:, and others. Other native accounts contradict this understanding, however, and the time element remains a subject of debate. The other entrenched companies eventually left Reno Hill and followed Weir by assigned battalions—first Benteen, then Reno, and finally the pack train. The men on Weir Ridge were attacked by natives, increasingly coming from the apparently concluded Custer engagement, forcing all seven companies to return to the bluff before the pack train had moved even a quarter mile (400 m). The companies remained pinned down on the bluff, fending off the Indians for three hours until night fell. The soldiers dug crude trenches as the Indians performed their war dance. 1273:(Yates' E and F companies) north and opposite the Cheyenne circle at that crossing, which provided "access to the fugitives." Yates's force "posed an immediate threat to fugitive Indian families..." gathering at the north end of the huge encampment; he then persisted in his efforts to "seize women and children" even as hundreds of warriors were massing around Keogh's wing on the bluffs. Yates' wing, descending to the Little Bighorn River at Ford D, encountered "light resistance", undetected by the Indian forces ascending the bluffs east of the village. Custer was almost within "striking distance of the refugees" before abandoning the ford and returning to Custer Ridge. 1412:

this was a massive assemblage of Indian ponies. By this time, roughly 5:25 pm, Custer's battle may have concluded. From a distance, as well as looking though his spyglass, Weir witnessed many Indians on horseback and on foot shooting at items on the ground, perhaps killing wounded soldiers and firing at dead bodies on the "Last Stand Hill" at the northern end of the Custer battlefield. Some historians have suggested that what Weir witnessed was a fight on what is now called Calhoun Hill some minutes earlier. The destruction of Keogh's battalion may have begun with the collapse of L, I and C Company (half of it) following the combined assaults led by

1958: 4086: 1399: 60: 1795: 2332: 4484:. At the same time, a House committee was busy debating a new appropriations bill that required a major reorganization of the army. "Reduction of expenses" was emphasized. One proposal would lop off entire regiments, including two cavalry regiments. Another would set the line officers (those in the field) from Major down back a few years in the promotion schedule. The total reduction in officers was proposed to be 406, almost 25 percent of the total. The military strongly wanted to avoid confirmation of incompetency or cowardice—rumors of which were circulating around the impending court of inquiry in Chicago. Donovan (2008). 4074: 2066: 1544: 1946: 1775: 2348: 1527:

within about a half-mile (800 m) of the Little Bighorn, but then turned north and climbed up the bluffs, reaching the same spot to which Reno would soon retreat. From this point on the other side of the river, he could see Reno charging the village. Riding north along the bluffs, Custer could have descended into Medicine Tail Coulee. Some historians believe that part of Custer's force descended the coulee, going west to the river and attempting unsuccessfully to cross into the village. According to some accounts, a small contingent of Indian sharpshooters effectively opposed this crossing.

4098: 2320: 2296: 1807: 1714:, who between 1935 and 1955 interviewed the last Lakota survivors of the battle, wrote that the Custer fight lasted less than one-half hour. Other native accounts said the fighting lasted only "as long as it takes a hungry man to eat a meal." The Lakota asserted that Crazy Horse personally led one of the large groups of warriors who overwhelmed the cavalrymen in a surprise charge from the northeast, causing a breakdown in the command structure and panic among the troops. Many of these men threw down their weapons while Cheyenne and Sioux warriors rode them down, " 2308: 1566: 1337: 385: 1348:, as Custer's Crow scouts reported Sioux tribe members were alerting the village. Ordered to charge, Reno began that phase of the battle. The orders, made without accurate knowledge of the village's size, location, or the warriors' propensity to stand and fight, had been to pursue the Native Americans and "bring them to battle." Reno's force crossed the Little Bighorn at the mouth of what is today Reno Creek around 3:00 pm on June 25. They immediately realized that the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne were present "in force and not running away." 3827: 1112:. As this was the likely location of Native encampments, all army elements had been instructed to converge there around June 26 or 27 in an attempt to engulf the Native Americans. On June 22, Terry ordered the 7th Cavalry, composed of 31 officers and 566 enlisted men under Custer, to begin a reconnaissance in force and pursuit along the Rosebud, with the prerogative to "depart" from orders if Custer saw "sufficient reason". Custer had been offered the use of Gatling guns but declined, believing they would slow his rate of march. 3761: 3560: 7801:

weapons were less powerful than the cavalry's Springfield rifles, especially at long range; however, they had the advantage of providing rapid fire ... The rapid fire power ... was intimidating, especially to inexperienced soldiers. Their use was probably a significant a confusion and panic among the soldiers so widely reported by Native American eyewitnesses ... Survivors of the assaults ... fled north to seek safety with Keogh's Company I ... they could react quickly enough to prevent the disintegration of their own unit."

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assert that Custer, having sustained a wound, committed suicide to avoid capture and subsequent torture. This would be inconsistent with his known right-handedness, but that does not rule out assisted suicide (other native accounts note several soldiers committing suicide near the end of the battle). Custer's body was found near the top of Custer Hill, which also came to be known as "Last Stand Hill". There the United States erected a tall memorial obelisk inscribed with the names of the 7th Cavalry's casualties.

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Sioux warrior, Moving Robe, noted that "It was a hotly contested battle", while another, Iron Hawk, stated: "The Indians pressed and crowded right in around Custer Hill. But the soldiers weren't ready to die. We stood there a long time." In a letter from February 21, 1910, Private William Taylor, Company M, 7th Cavalry, wrote: "Reno proved incompetent and Benteen showed his indifference—I will not use the uglier words that have often been in my mind. Both failed Custer and he had to fight it out alone."

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the battle, Thomas Rosser, James O'Kelly, and others continued to question the conduct of Reno for his hastily ordered retreat. Defenders of Reno at the trial noted that, while the retreat was disorganized, Reno did not withdraw from his position until it became apparent that he was outnumbered and outflanked by the Native Americans. Contemporary accounts also point to the fact that Reno's scout, Bloody Knife, was shot in the head, spraying him with blood, possibly increasing his panic and distress.

1088:, which left Lieutenant Colonel Custer in command of the regiment. The ratio of troops detached for other duty (approximately 22%) was not unusual for an expedition of this size, and part of the officer shortage was chronic and was due to the Army's rigid seniority system: Three of the regiment's twelve captains were permanently detached, and two had never served a day with the 7th since their appointment in July 1866. Three second lieutenant vacancies (in E, H, and L Companies) were also unfilled. 1823:

Company and the staff, on Last Stand Hill. The remainder of the battle took on the nature of a running fight. Modern archaeology and historical Indian accounts indicate that Custer's force may have been divided into three groups, with the Indians attempting to prevent them from effectively reuniting. Indian accounts describe warriors (including women) running up from the village to wave blankets in order to scare off the soldiers' horses. One 7th Cavalry trooper claimed to have found several stone

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tell-tale scratch marks indicating manual extraction, were rare. The flaw in the ejector mechanism was known to the Army Ordnance Board at the time of the selection of the Model 1873 rifle and carbine, and was not considered a significant shortcoming in the overall worthiness of the shoulder arm. With the ejector failure in US Army tests as low as 1:300, the Springfield carbine was vastly more reliable than the muzzle-loading Springfields used in the Civil War.

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north. Other historians have noted that if Custer did attempt to cross the river near Medicine Tail Coulee, he may have believed it was the north end of the Indian camp, only to discover that it was the middle. Some Indian accounts, however, place the Northern Cheyenne encampment and the north end of the overall village to the left (and south) of the opposite side of the crossing. The precise location of the north end of the village remains in dispute, however.

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have been to relieve pressure on Reno's detachment (according to the Crow scout Curley, possibly viewed by both Mitch Bouyer and Custer) by withdrawing the skirmish line into the timber near the Little Bighorn River. Had the U.S. troops come straight down Medicine Tail Coulee, their approach to the Minneconjou Crossing and the northern area of the village would have been masked by the high ridges running on the northwest side of the Little Bighorn River.

1472:, Custer's Crow scout who had left Custer near Medicine Tail Coulee (a drainage which led to the river), recounted the battle, reporting that Custer had attacked the village after attempting to cross the river. He was driven back, retreating toward the hill where his body was found. As the scenario seemed compatible with Custer's aggressive style of warfare and with evidence found on the ground, it became the basis of many popular accounts of the battle. 3307: 686:

tarnish after the death of Elizabeth Bacon (Libby) Custer in 1933 at the age of 90 and the publication of the book "Glory Hunter - The Life of General Custer" by Frederic F. Van de Water, which was the first book to depict Custer in unheroic terms. The timing of both instances, combined with the cynicism of an economic depression and historical revisionism, lead to a more jaded view of Custer and his defeat on the banks of the Little Bighorn River.

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According to Lakota accounts, far more of their casualties occurred in the attack on Last Stand Hill than anywhere else. The extent of the soldiers' resistance indicated they had few doubts about their prospects for survival. According to Cheyenne and Sioux testimony, the command structure rapidly broke down, although smaller "last stands" were apparently made by several groups. Custer's remaining companies (E, F, and half of C) were soon killed.

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Monument. According to Scott, it is likely that in the 108 years between the battle and Scott's excavation efforts in the ravine, geological processes caused many of the remains to become unrecoverable. For example, near the town of Garryowen, portions of the skeleton of a trooper killed in the Reno Retreat were recovered from an eroding bank of the Little Big Horn, while the rest of the remains had apparently been washed away by the river.

1359:, according to standard army doctrine. In this formation, every fourth trooper held the horses for the troopers in firing position, with 5 to 10 yards (5 to 9 m) separating each trooper, officers to their rear and troopers with horses behind the officers. This formation reduced Reno's firepower by 25 percent. As Reno's men fired into the village and by some accounts killed several wives and children of the Sioux chief Gall (in Lakota, 1617: 812: 7965:(1993), there were very few .45–55 caliber cartridge casings found during the digs on the battlefield that showed any evidence to pry or scratch marks . Only 3 of 88 found on the Custer portion of the battlefield could possibly have been removed in an extraction jam. On the Reno-Benteen defense site , 7 of 257 fit this category . If this was a representative number it would appear that malfunction from that source was minimal." 3250:

casualties. Of those sixty figures, only thirty-some are portrayed with a conventional Plains Indian method of indicating death. In the last 140 years, historians have been able to identify multiple Indian names pertaining to the same individual, which has greatly reduced previously inflated numbers. Today a list of positively known casualties exists that lists 99 names, attributed and consolidated to 31 identified warriors.

1172: 2081: 1982: 1100:, just 30 miles (48 km) to the southeast of the eventual Little Bighorn battlefield. Surprised and according to some accounts astonished by the unusually large numbers of Native Americans, Crook held the field at the end of the battle but felt compelled by his losses to pull back, regroup, and wait for reinforcements. Unaware of Crook's battle, Gibbon and Terry proceeded, joining forces in early June near the mouth of 879: 2359: 1121:

a massive pony herd and signs of the Native American village roughly 15 miles (24 km) in the distance. After a night's march, the tired officer who was sent with the scouts could see neither, and when Custer joined them, he was also unable to make the sighting. Custer's scouts also spotted the regimental cooking fires that could be seen from 10 mi (16 km) away, disclosing the regiment's position.

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command position. Custer was on the verge of abolishing the wings led by Reno and Benteen, and the inclusion of Brisbin would have complicated the arrangement he had in mind. Also, Custer retained the conviction that the Seventh could handle any force of Indians it might encounter, and he may have reasoned that taking the Second Cavalry would leave Gibbon's column susceptible to attack and defeat..."

3604:, who never remarried, wrote three popular books in which she fiercely protected her husband's reputation. She lived until 1933, hindering much serious research until most of the evidence was long gone. In addition, Captain Frederick Whittaker's 1876 book idealizing Custer was hugely successful. Custer as a heroic officer fighting valiantly against savage forces was an image popularized in 1488:, Custer did not attempt to ford the river and the nearest that he came to the river or village was his final position on the ridge. Chief Gall's statements were corroborated by other Indians, notably the wife of Spotted Horn Bull. Given that no bodies of men or horses were found anywhere near the ford, Godfrey himself concluded "that Custer did not go to the ford with any body of men". 2758: 1749:

men at about the same distances, showing that the horses were killed and the riders jumped off and were all heading to get where General Custer was. That was the only approach to a line on the field. There were more than 20 killed there to the right. There were 4 or 5 at one place, all within a space of 20 to 30 yards. That was the condition all over the field and in the .

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him and were gathered closely on the opposite side". They were soon joined by a large force of Sioux who (no longer engaging Reno) rushed down the valley. This was the beginning of their attack on Custer who was forced to turn and head for the hill where he would make his famous "last stand". Thus, wrote Curtis, "Custer made no attack, the whole movement being a retreat".

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divided his forces into three battalions of differing sizes, of which he kept the largest. His men were widely scattered and unable to support each other. Wanting to prevent any escape by the combined tribes to the south, where they could disperse into different groups, Custer believed that an immediate attack on the south end of the camp was the best course of action.

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When the army examined the Custer battle site, soldiers could not determine fully what had transpired. Custer's force of roughly 210 men had been engaged by the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne about 3.5 miles (5.6 km) to the north of Reno and Benteen's defensive position. Evidence of organized resistance included an apparent skirmish line on Calhoun Hill and apparent

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Behind them, a second company, further up on the heights, would have provided long-range cover fire. Warriors could have been drawn to the feint attack, forcing the battalion back towards the heights, up the north fork drainage, away from the troops providing cover fire above. The covering company would have moved towards a reunion, delivering heavy

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stating Crazy Horse's charge swarmed the resistance, with the surviving soldiers fleeing in panic. Many of these troopers may have ended up in a deep ravine 300 to 400 yards (270 to 370 m) away from what is known today as Custer Hill. At least 28 bodies (the most common number associated with burial witness testimony), including that of scout

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when the block was opened, and the cartridge cylinder would then be left inside the chamber ... The casings would have to be removed manually with a pocketknife before firing again. This defect was noted by the board of officers (which included Major Reno) that selected the weapon in 1872, but was not considered particularly serious at the time."

2701: 1235:"ride into the camp and secure non-combatant hostages", and "forc the warriors to surrender". Author Evan S. Connell observed that if Custer could occupy the village before widespread resistance developed, the Sioux and Cheyenne warriors "would be obliged to surrender, because if they started to fight, they would be endangering their families." 3995:

the University of Kansas. So, protected from moths and souvenir hunters by his humidity-controlled glass case, Comanche stands patiently, enduring generation after generation of undergraduate jokes. The other horses are gone, and the mysterious yellow bulldog is gone, which means that in a sense the legend is true. Comanche alone survived.

8664:保安部「聞いた事がある… 第7騎兵隊は…　スー•シャイアンの連合軍によって全滅させられた…　ただ一頭の馬を残して…/アニー「あの馬に死んでいった騎兵達の憎しみが集まったのかしら"　Translation: "Sheriff: I've heard of this... The 7th Cavalry Regiment was annihilated by the combined forces of the Sioux and Cheyenne... A horse was the only survivor.../Annie: All the dead cavalrymen's hatred probably congregated in that horse. 3499:

Congress as a conference committee was attempting to reconcile opposing appropriations bills approved by the House and the Republican Senate. They approved a measure to increase the size of cavalry companies to 100 enlisted men on July 24. The committee temporarily lifted the ceiling on the size of the Army by 2,500 on August 15.

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rifles. White Scouts would have been better armed and seemed to favor long-range buffalo hunting type rifles over fast-shooting lever actions ... Henrys, Spencers and Winchester M1866s would also have been popular choices ... Some Scouts would have been armed with both types of weapons plus a variety of side arms."

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march up the Rosebud and hamper his mobility. His rapid march en route to the Little Bighorn averaged nearly 30 miles (48 km) a day, so his assessment appears to have been accurate. Custer planned "to live and travel like Indians; in this manner the command will be able to go wherever the Indians can", he wrote in his

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horseholder behind the skirmish lines and, in extreme cases, one man in eight. Later, the troops would have bunched together in defensive positions and are alleged to have shot their remaining horses as cover. As individual troopers were wounded or killed, initial defensive positions would have been abandoned as untenable.

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weapons as under-powered novelty weapons and that they were equipping their men to fight wars against European equipped enemies or to re-fight the Civil War. The Indian Wars were seen as a minor sideshow in which troops armed to fight on European battlefields would be more than a match for fighting any number of Indians."

3969:. The wounded horse was discovered on the battlefield by General Terry's troops. Although other cavalry mounts survived, they had been taken by the Indians. Comanche eventually was returned to the fort and became the regimental mascot. Several other badly wounded horses were found and killed at the scene. Writer 1848:. The great majority of the Indian casualties were probably suffered during this closing segment of the battle, as the soldiers and Indians on Calhoun Ridge were more widely separated and traded fire at greater distances for most of their portion of the battle than did the soldiers and Indians on Custer Hill. 3656:

further questioned the effectiveness of the guns under the tactics that Custer was likely to face with the Lakota and Cheyenne warriors. The Gatlings, mounted high on carriages, required the battery crew to stand upright during its operation, making them easy targets for Lakota and Cheyenne sharpshooters.

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Philbrick, 2010, p. 99: "Thinking his regiment powerful enough to handle anything it might encounter, declined the offer of four additional cavalry companies from Montana column." And p. 114: Custer told his officer staff days before the battle that he "opted against the Gatling guns...so as not to

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Libbie Custer "spent almost sixty years commemorating her marriage—and her memories of it quite literally kept her alive....she was quintessentially the professional widow, forcing it to become a very touchy matter for any military writer or officer to criticize Custer for having insanely launched an

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was promoted to replace Custer effective June 25, 1876, but did not report until February 1877. Two 1876 West Point graduates designated for the 7th Cavalry were advanced to 1st lieutenant effective 10 days after their graduation. Four others appointed to other regiments, along with eight experienced

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The Indian Memorial, themed "Peace Through Unity", is an open circular structure that stands 75 yards (69 metres) from the 7th Cavalry obelisk. Its walls have the names of some Indians who died at the site, as well as native accounts of the battle. The open circle of the structure is symbolic, as for

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is shown in the photograph at right. On Memorial Day 1999, in consultation with tribal representatives, the U.S. added two red granite markers to the battlefield to note where Native American warriors fell. As of December 2006, a total of ten warrior markers have been added (three at the Reno–Benteen

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Nearly 100 years later, ideas about the meaning of the battle became more inclusive. The United States government acknowledged that Native American sacrifices also deserved recognition at the site. The 1991 bill changing the name of the national monument also authorized an Indian Memorial to be built

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Beginning in July, the 7th Cavalry was assigned new officers and recruiting efforts began to fill the depleted ranks. The regiment, reorganized into eight companies, remained in the field as part of the Terry Expedition, now based on the Yellowstone River at the mouth of the Bighorn and reinforced by

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The scattered Sioux and Cheyenne feasted and celebrated during July with no threat from soldiers. After their celebrations, many of the Natives returned to the reservation. Soon the number of warriors amounted to only about 600. Both Crook and Terry remained immobile for seven weeks after the battle,

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Modern documentaries suggest that there may not have been a "Last Stand", as traditionally portrayed in popular culture. Instead, archaeologists suggest that in the end, Custer's troops were not surrounded but rather overwhelmed by a single charge. This scenario corresponds to several Indian accounts

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That there was no line formed on the battlefield. You can take a handful of corn and scatter it over the floor, and make just such lines, there were none. The only approach to a line was where 5 or 6 horses found at equal distances, like skirmishers . Ahead of those 5 or 6 horses there were 5 or 6

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shell cases along the ridge line known today as Nye-Cartwright Ridge, between South Medicine Tail Coulee and the next drainage at North Medicine Tail (also known as Deep Coulee). Some historians believe Custer divided his detachment into two (and possibly three) battalions, retaining personal command

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Other historians claim, from testimony of Lt. Edward Settle Godfrey, that Custer never approached the river, but rather continued north across the coulee and up the other side, where he gradually came under attack. According to this theory, by the time Custer realized he was badly outnumbered, it was

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and interviewed the scouts of that tribe who had been with Custer's command. Based on all the information he gathered, Curtis concluded that Custer had indeed ridden down the Medicine Tail Coulee and then towards the river where he probably planned to ford it. However, "the Indians had now discovered

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and Company D moved out to contact Custer. They advanced a mile to what is today Weir Ridge or Weir Point. From this vantage point, Weir could see that the Indian camps comprised some 1,800 lodges. Behind them he saw through the dust and smoke hills that were oddly red in color; he later learned that

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Lawson, 2007, p. 53: "Although each soldier was also issued a sword or saber, Custer ordered these weapons boxed before the strike force departed ... the lack of swords would prove to be a disadvantage during some of the close fighting that lay ahead. Gunpowder of the day is now known as black

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Villages were usually arrayed in U-shaped semi-circles open to the east; in multi-tribal villages, each tribe would erect their tipis in this manner separately from the other tribes but close to the other tribes. Sitting Bull's village was multi-tribal, consisted of "a thousand tipis were assembled

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includes a scene where his cattle drive passes through the battlefield some years later, and the drovers find skeletal remains. Wayne's character, Wil Andersen, in a response to a question from one of the young drovers regarding the deceased having not been buried replies, "Well, it's not how you're

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The Battle of the Little Bighorn was the subject of an 1879 U.S. Army Court of Inquiry in Chicago, held at Reno's request, during which his conduct was scrutinized. Some testimony by non-Army officers suggested that he was drunk and a coward. The court found Reno's conduct to be without fault. After

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Gibbon's column. On August 8, 1876, after Terry was further reinforced with the 5th Infantry, the expedition moved up Rosebud Creek in pursuit of the Lakota. It met with Crook's command, similarly reinforced, and the combined force, almost 4,000 strong, followed the Lakota trail northeast toward the

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to participants in the fight on the bluffs for bravery, most for risking their lives to carry water from the river up the hill to the wounded. Few on the non-Indian side questioned the conduct of the enlisted men, but many questioned the tactics, strategy and conduct of the officers. Indian accounts

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told Col. W. H. Wood in 1877 that the Native Americans suffered 136 dead and 160 wounded during the battle. In 1881, Red Horse told Dr. C. E. McChesney the same numbers but in a series of drawings done by Red Horse to illustrate the battle, he drew only sixty figures representing Lakota and Cheyenne

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The Battle of the Little Bighorn had far-reaching consequences for the Natives. It was the beginning of the end of the "Indian Wars" and has even been referred to as "the Indians' last stand" in the area. Within 48 hours of the battle, the large encampment on the Little Bighorn broke up into smaller

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Under threat of attack, the first U.S. soldiers on the battlefield three days later hurriedly buried the troopers in shallow graves, more or less where they had fallen. A couple of years after the battle, markers were placed where men were believed to have fallen, so the placement of troops has been

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A Brulé Sioux warrior stated: "In fact, Hollow Horn Bear believed that the troops were in good order at the start of the fight, and kept their organization even while moving from point to point." Red Horse, an Oglala Sioux warrior, commented: "Here the soldiers made a desperate fight." One Hunkpapa

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Despite hearing heavy gunfire from the north, including distinct volleys at 4:20 pm, Benteen concentrated on reinforcing Reno's badly wounded and hard-pressed detachment rather than continuing on toward Custer's position. Benteen's apparent reluctance to reach Custer prompted later criticism that he

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Reno advanced rapidly across the open field towards the northwest, his movements masked by the thick belt of trees that ran along the southern banks of the Little Bighorn River. The same trees on his front right shielded his movements across the wide field over which his men rapidly rode, first with

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It is noteworthy to pinpoint that John Martin was temporarily assigned to serve as one of Custer's bugler-orderlies. As Custer and nearly 210 troopers and scouts began their final approach to the massive Indian village located in the Little Bighorn River Valley, Martino was dispatched with an urgent

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Custer contemplated a surprise attack against the encampment the following morning of June 26, but he then received a report informing him several hostiles had discovered the trail left by his troops. Assuming his presence had been exposed, Custer decided to attack the village without further delay.

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While the Terry–Gibbon column was marching toward the mouth of the Little Bighorn, on the evening of June 24, Custer's Indian scouts arrived at an overlook known as the Crow's Nest, 14 miles (23 km) east of the Little Bighorn River. At sunrise on June 25, Custer's scouts reported they could see

7974:

Hatch, 1997, p. 124: "Both sides apparently believed that some weapons malfunctioned. Indian testimony ... reported that some soldiers threw down their long guns and fought with their short guns. Could this indicate a malfunctioning that was discarded and therefore could not have left its marked

7951:

Hatch, 1997, p. 124: "The controversy results from the known failure of the carbine to the spent .45–55 caliber cartridge . The cartridge cases were made of copper, which expands when hot. That—coupled with a faulty extractor mechanism and dirt—could cause the head of the cartridge to be torn away

7396:

Hatch, 1997, pp. 80–81: The Gatling guns "were cumbersome and would cause delays over the traveled route. The guns were drawn by four condemned horses obstacles in the terrain require their unhitching and assistance of soldier to continue...Terry's own battery —the one he had offered to Custer— a

7357:

Donovan, 2008, p. 163: "The and its ammunition...was mostly pulled by two 'condemned' cavalry mounts judged not fit to carry troopers, but it needed the occasional hauling by hand through some of the rougher ravines. (The gun would eventually upset and injure three men.)" and p. 175: "...Reno had

3881:

Ordnance at the Reno Court of Inquiry in 1879 conflicts with the archaeological evidence collected at the battlefield. Field data showed that possible extractor failures occurred at a rate of approximately 1:30 firings at the Custer Battlefield and at a rate of 1:37 at the Reno-Benteen Battlefield.

3849:

The Springfield carbine is praised for its "superior range and stopping power" by historian James Donovan, and author Charles M. Robinson reports that the rifle could be "loaded and fired much more rapidly than its muzzle-loading predecessors, and had twice the range of repeating rifles such as the

3735:

Sitting Bull's forces had no assured means to supply themselves with firearms and ammunition. Nonetheless, they could usually procure these through post-traders, licensed or unlicensed, and from gunrunners who operated in the Dakota Territory: "a horse or a mule for a repeater ... buffalo hides for

1892:

Although the marker for Mitch Bouyer was found accurate through archaeological and forensic testing of remains, it is some 65 yards away from Deep Ravine. Historian Douglas Scott theorized that the "Deep Gulch" or "Deep Ravine" might have included not only the steep-sided portion of the coulee, but

1693:

That they might have come southwest, from the center of Nye-Cartwright Ridge, seems to be supported by Northern Cheyenne accounts of seeing the approach of the distinctly white-colored horses of Company E, known as the Grey Horse Company. Its approach was seen by Indians at that end of the village.

1464:

Custer's body was found with two gunshot wounds, one to his left chest and the other to his left temple. Either wound would have been fatal, though he appeared to have bled from only the chest wound; some scholars believe his head wound may have been delivered postmortem. Some Lakota oral histories

1390:

Atop the bluffs known today as Reno Hill, Reno's depleted and shaken troops were joined about a half-hour later by Captain Benteen's column (Companies D, H and K), arriving from the south. This force had been returning from a lateral scouting mission when it had been summoned by Custer's messenger,

1370:

was shot in the head, splattering brains and blood onto Reno's face. The shaken Reno ordered his men to dismount and mount again. He then said, "All those who wish to make their escape follow me." Abandoning the wounded (dooming them to their deaths), he led a disorderly rout for a mile next to the

1145:

reportedly saying, "General, I have been with these Indians for 30 years, and this is the largest village I have ever heard of." Custer's overriding concern was that the Native American group would break up and scatter. The command began its approach to the village at noon and prepared to attack in

685:

soon worked to burnish her husband's memory and during the following decades, Custer and his troops came to be considered heroic figures in American history. The battle and Custer's actions in particular have been studied extensively by historians. By the 1930s Custer's heroic public image began to

612:

Most battles in the Great Sioux War, including the Battle of the Little Bighorn, were on lands those natives had taken from other tribes since 1851. The Lakotas were there without consent from the local Crow tribe, which had a treaty on the area. Already in 1873, Crow chief Blackfoot had called for

7800:

Lawson, 2007, pp. 91–93: " was named in the mid-1980s by archaeologists after they discovered a large artifact collection there, which included numerous .44-caliber Henry cartridges. The number of cartridges indicated that about 20 warriors at this position were using Henry repeating rifles. These

7611:

Donovan, 2008, p. 188: "Though most of the men in the village carried the bow and arrow in battle ... over the past decade the sale and trade of arms to the Indians had increased significantly ... The latest Winchester magazine rifles were available for the right price ... Many men

7555:

Gallear, 2001: "The Indians were well equipped with hand-to-hand weapons and these included lances, tomahawks, war clubs, knives and war shields were carried for defense. Such weapons were little different from the shock and hand-to-hand weapons, used by the cavalry of the European armies, such as

4399:, housing a group of Natives under the leadership of a chief, including those of tribes other than the chief's. A village would be created wherever a group stopped by simply erecting the tipis and could last from a single night to several weeks. Young warriors without a tipi would generally create 3994:

Comanche was reputed to be the only survivor of the Little Bighorn, but quite a few Seventh Cavalry mounts survived, probably more than one hundred, and there was even a yellow bulldog. Comanche lived on another fifteen years. When he died, he was stuffed and to this day remains in a glass case at

3960:

The Indians always insisted that they took no prisoners. If they did—a thing I firmly believe—they were tortured and killed the night of the 25th. As an evidence of this I recall the three charred and burned heads we picked up in the village near the scene of the big war dance, when we visited the

3918:

Over 120 men and women would come forward over the course of the next 70 years claiming they were "the lone survivor" of Custer's Last Stand. The phenomenon became so widespread that one historian remarked, "Had Custer had all of those who claimed to be 'the lone survivor' of his two battalions he

3364:

in a book in the 1930s, it was not published until 1976 because of the unpopularity of such assertions. Although soldiers may have believed captives would be tortured, Indians usually killed men outright and took as captive for adoption only young women and children. Indian accounts also noted the

1526:

Having isolated Reno's force and driven them away from their encampment, the bulk of the native warriors were free to pursue Custer. The route taken by Custer to his "Last Stand" remains a subject of debate. One possibility is that after ordering Reno to charge, Custer continued down Reno Creek to

1455:

While the gunfire heard on the bluffs by Reno and Benteen's men during the afternoon of June 25 was probably from Custer's fight, the soldiers on Reno Hill were unaware of what had happened to Custer until General Terry's arrival two days later on June 27. They were reportedly stunned by the news.

1451:

The precise details of Custer's fight and his movements before and during the battle are largely conjectural since none of the men who went forward with Custer's battalion (the five companies under his immediate command) survived the battle. Later accounts from surviving Indians are useful but are

1198:

From his observation, Custer assumed the warriors had been sleeping in on the morning of the battle, to which virtually every native account attested later, giving Custer a false estimate of what he was up against. When he and his scouts first looked down on the village from the Crow's Nest across

841:

was the most important religious event of the year. It is a time for prayer and personal sacrifice for the community, as well as for making personal vows and resolutions. Towards the end of spring in 1876, the Lakota and the Cheyenne held a Sun Dance that was also attended by some "agency Indians"

7838:

Gallear, 2001: "The established wisdom is that the U.S. Army did not adopt lever-action multiple shot weapons during the Civil War because of the problems they would create regarding the supply of ammunition. However, I believe that by the time of the Indian Wars the Army viewed the lever-actions

7651:

Donovan, 2008, p. 188: "there were many ... ways a warrior could acquire a rifle. Post-traders on some reservations supplied illegal arms to non-treat ; so did unlicensed traders—primarily the half-breed Canadian Métis gunrunners to the north in the desolate area known as Burning Ground below the

7481:

Sklenar, 2000, pp. 78–79: "Apparently, Terry offered Brisbin's battalion and Gatling gun battery to accompany the Seventh, but Custer refused these additions for several reasons. First of all, Custer and Brisbin did not get along and Custer thus would not have wanted to place Brisbin in a senior

3926:

suggested he had collected at least 70 "lone survivor" stories. Michael Nunnally, an amateur Custer historian, wrote a booklet describing 30 such accounts. W. A. Graham claimed that even Libby Custer received dozens of letters from men, in shocking detail, about their sole survivor experience. At

3651:

One factor concerned Major Marcus Reno's recent 8-day reconnaissance-in-force of the Powder-Tongue-Rosebud Rivers, June 10 to 18. This deployment had demonstrated that artillery pieces mounted on gun carriages and hauled by horses no longer fit for cavalry mounts (so-called condemned horses) were

3583:

The historian James Donovan believed that Custer's dividing his force into four smaller detachments (including the pack train) can be attributed to his inadequate reconnaissance; he also ignored the warnings of his Crow scouts and Charley Reynolds. By the time the battle began, Custer had already

3579:

Custer believed that the 7th Cavalry could handle any Indian force and that the addition of the four companies of the 2nd would not alter the outcome. When offered the 2nd Cavalry, he reportedly replied that the 7th "could handle anything." There is evidence that Custer suspected that he would be

2012:

into a floating field hospital to carry the 52 wounded from the battle to Fort Lincoln. Traveling night and day, with a full head of steam, Marsh brought the steamer downriver to Bismarck, Dakota Territory, making the 710 mi (1,140 km) run in the record time of 54 hours and bringing the

1827:

consisting of a round cobble weighing 8–10 pounds (about 4 kg) with a rawhide handle, which he believed had been used by the Indian women to finish off the wounded. Fighting dismounted, the soldiers' skirmish lines were overwhelmed. Army doctrine would have called for one man in four to be a

1822:

Recent archaeological work at the battlefield indicates that officers on Custer Hill restored some tactical control. E Company rushed off Custer Hill toward the Little Bighorn River but failed to reach it, which resulted in the destruction of that company. This left about 50–60 men, mostly from F

1689:

Evidence from the 1920s supports the theory that at least one of the companies made a feint attack southwest from Nye-Cartwright Ridge straight down the center of the "V" formed by the intersection at the crossing of Medicine Tail Coulee on the right and Calhoun Coulee on the left. The intent may

1301:

warrior, Old She-Bear, who had been wounded in the battle. He had died after the Rosebud battle, and it was the custom of the Indians to move camp when a warrior died and leave possessions with the body. The Lone Teepee was an important location during the Battle of the Little Bighorn for several

1272:

Some authors and historians, based on archaeological evidence and reviews of native testimony, speculate that Custer attempted to cross the river at a point further north they refer to as Ford D. According to Richard A. Fox, James Donovan, and others, Custer proceeded with a wing of his battalion

1221:

Finally, Custer may have assumed when he encountered the Native Americans that his subordinate Benteen, who was with the pack train, would provide support. Rifle volleys were a standard way of telling supporting units to come to another unit's aid. In a subsequent official 1879 Army investigation

1179:

As the Army moved into the field on its expedition, it was operating with incorrect assumptions as to the number of Indians it would encounter. These assumptions were based on inaccurate information provided by the Indian Agents that no more than 800 "hostiles" were in the area. The Indian Agents

1079:

Of the 45 officers and 718 troopers then assigned to the 7th Cavalry (including a second lieutenant detached from the 20th Infantry and serving in Company L), 14 officers (including the regimental commander) and 152 troopers did not accompany the 7th during the campaign. The regimental commander,

7884:

Gallear, 2001: "The Allin System had been developed at the Government Armories to reduce the cost, but the U.S. Treasury had already been forced to pay $ 124,000 to inventors whose patents it infringed. The adoption of the Allin breech gave the advantages of being already familiar throughout the

7696:

Lawson, 2007, pp. 52–53: "The troops of the 7th Cavalry were each armed with two standard weapons, a rifle and a pistol. The rifle was a .45/55-caliber Springfield carbine and the pistol was a .45-caliber Colt revolver ... both weapons were models 1873 they did not represent the latest in

3880:

Gallear addresses the post-battle testimony concerning the copper .45–55 cartridges supplied to the troops in which an officer is said to have cleared the chambers of spent cartridges for a number of Springfield carbines. This testimony of widespread fusing of the casings offered to the Chief of

3841:

Historian Mark Gallear claims that U.S. government experts rejected the lever-action repeater designs, deeming them ineffective in a clash with fully equipped European armies, or in case of an outbreak of another civil conflict. Gallear's analysis dismisses the allegation that rapid depletion of

3655:

Historians have acknowledged the firepower inherent in the Gatling gun: they were capable of firing 350 .45–70 (11 mm) caliber rounds per minute. Jamming caused by black powder residue could lower that rate, raising questions as to their reliability under combat conditions. Researchers have

3551:

General Terry and others claimed that Custer made strategic errors from the start of the campaign. For instance, he refused to use a battery of Gatling guns and turned down General Terry's offer of an additional battalion of the 2nd Cavalry. Custer believed that the Gatling guns would impede his

3498:

authorized appropriations to expand the Army by 2,500 men to meet the emergency after the defeat of the 7th Cavalry. For a session, the Democratic Party-controlled House of Representatives abandoned its campaign to reduce the size of the Army. Word of Custer's fate reached the 44th United States

1928:

was the first to tell General Terry's officers that Custer's force had "been wiped out." Reno and Benteen's wounded troops were given what treatment was available at that time; five later died of their wounds. One of the regiment's three surgeons had been with Custer's column, while another, Dr.

1535:

was also hit. Troopers had to dismount to help the wounded men back onto their horses. The fact that either of the non-mutilation wounds to Custer's body (a bullet wound below the heart and a shot to the left temple) would have been instantly fatal casts doubt on his being wounded and remounted.

1530:

White Cow Bull claimed to have shot a leader wearing a buckskin jacket off his horse in the river. While no other Indian account supports this claim, if White Bull did shoot a buckskin-clad leader off his horse, some historians have argued that Custer may have been seriously wounded by him. Some

1460:

made of dead horses on Custer Hill. By the time troops came to recover the bodies, the Lakota and Cheyenne had already removed most of their own dead from the field. The troops found most of Custer's dead men stripped of their clothing, ritually mutilated, and in a state of decomposition, making

1246:

Indians contemplating a battle, either offensive or defensive, are always anxious to have their women and children removed from all danger ... For this reason I decided to locate our camp as close as convenient to village, knowing that the close proximity of their women and children, and their

1234:

Custer's field strategy was designed to engage non-combatants at the encampments on the Little Bighorn to capture women, children, and the elderly or disabled to serve as hostages to convince the warriors to surrender and comply with federal orders to relocate. Custer's battalions were poised to

7921:

Gallear, 2001: "A study of .45–55 cases found at the battle concludes that extractor failure amounted to less than 0.35% of some 1,751 cases tested ... the carbine was in fact more reliable than anything that had preceded it in U.S. Army service. These weapons were vastly more reliable than the

7707:

powder. It causes substantial fouling within the firearm. After about 25 rounds are fired from the M1873 revolver using black powder, the cylinder binds on the cylinder pin. The cavalry trooper would then have used his saber. However, their inclusion would not have changed the ultimate outcome."

7654:

Robinson, 1995, p. xxix: "Studies of the cartridge cases recovered in archaeological investigations of the Little Big Horn show the Indians carried at least forty-one different kinds if firearms in that fight, and it estimated that at least 25 to 30 percent were armed with modern sixteen-shot

4466:

2nd lieutenants, were transferred and designated one to each company of the 7th. However, five declined the appointment, replaced by 2nd lieutenants of infantry and unappointed new officers in July and August 1876. Only three replacements were able to report while the 7th was still in the field.

3876:

That the weapon experienced jamming of the extractor is not contested, but its contribution to Custer's defeat is considered negligible. This conclusion is supported by evidence from archaeological studies performed at the battlefield, where the recovery of Springfield cartridge casing, bearing

3809:

Historian Michael L. Lawson offers a scenario based on archaeological collections at the "Henryville" site, which yielded plentiful Henry rifle cartridge casings from approximately 20 individual guns. Lawson speculates that though less powerful than the Springfield carbines, the Henry repeaters

1539:

Reports of an attempted fording of the river at Medicine Tail Coulee might explain Custer's purpose for Reno's attack, that is, a coordinated "hammer-and-anvil" maneuver, with Reno's holding the Indians at bay at the southern end of the camp, while Custer drove them against Reno's line from the

1264:

The Sioux and Cheyenne fighters were acutely aware of the danger posed by the military engagement of non-combatants and that "even a semblance of an attack on the women and children" would draw the warriors back to the village, according to historian John S. Gray. Such was their concern that an

1259:

expected to find the squaws and children fleeing to the bluffs on the north, for in no other way do I account for his wide detour. He must have counted upon Reno's success, and fully expected the "scatteration" of the non-combatants with the pony herds. The probable attack upon the families and

1225:

Custer had initially wanted to take a day to scout the village before attacking; however, when men who went back looking for supplies accidentally dropped by the pack train, they discovered that their track had already been discovered by Indians. Reports from his scouts also revealed fresh pony

7743:

Gallear, 2001: "Officers purchased their own carbines or rifles for hunting purposes ... these guns may have been left with the baggage and is unclear how many officers actually used these weapons in the battle. However, there is evidence that Reno's men did make use of long-range hunting

7645:

Gallear, 2001: "Indian trade muskets ... could be legitimately obtained from traders at Indian agencies ... The Sioux were keen to obtain metal cartridge weapons from half-breed Indian traders out of Canada or unsupervised traders at Missouri River posts in Montana ... By 1876 almost all in

7631:

Gallear, 2001: "There is also evidence that some Indians were short of ammunition and it is unclear how good a shot they were. They certainly did not have the ammunition to practice, except whilst hunting buffalo, and this would suggest that the Indians generally followed the same technique of

7367:

Sklenar, 2000, p. 72: On Reno's reconnaissance "the Gatling guns proved to be an annoying burden...they either fell apart or had to be disassembled and carried in pieces over rough terrain." And p. 79: "During the Reno scout , the two guns were actually abandoned (and retrieved later) because

3949:

fictitious, Gustave Korn's story is supported by contemporary records." Several contemporary accounts note that Korn's horse bolted in the early stages of the battle, whilst he was serving with Custer's 'I' company, and that he ended up joining Reno's companies making their stand on Reno Hill.

1923:

After the Custer force was soundly defeated, the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne regrouped to attack Reno and Benteen. The fight continued until dark (approximately 9:00 pm) and for much of the next day, with the outcome in doubt. Reno credited Benteen's luck with repulsing a severe attack on the

4475:

Twenty-three men were called to testify at the inquiry, which met in session daily except Sundays. For the army, far more was at stake than individual reputations, as the future of the service could be affected. On January 2, General Sheridan had quoted Lee's report of agent malfeasance in a

1932:

When the Crows got news from the battlefield, they went into grief. Crow woman Pretty Shield told how they were "crying ... for Son-of-the-morning-star and his blue soldiers". With the defeat of Custer, it was still a real threat that the Lakotas would take over the eastern part of the Crow

1896:

Other archaeological explorations done in Deep Ravine found no human remains associated with the battle. Over the years since the battle, skeletal remains that were reportedly recovered from the mouth of the Deep Ravine by various sources have been repatriated to the Little Big Horn National

1706:

In the end, the hilltop to which Custer had moved was probably too small to accommodate all of the survivors and wounded. Fire from the southeast made it impossible for Custer's men to secure a defensive position all around Last Stand Hill where the soldiers put up their most dogged defense.

1217:

told him it was the largest native village they had ever seen. When the scouts began changing back into their native dress right before the battle, Custer released them from his command. While the village was enormous, Custer still thought there were far fewer warriors to defend the village.

666:), suffered a major defeat. Five of the 7th Cavalry's twelve companies were wiped out, and Custer was killed, as were two of his brothers, his nephew, and his brother-in-law. The total U.S. casualty count included 268 dead and 55 severely wounded (6 died later from their wounds), including 4 7931:

Hatch, 1997, p. 124: "Scholars have for years debated the issue of whether or not the Model 1873 Springfield carbine carried by cavalrymen, malfunctioned during the battle and was one reason for the defeat" and "No definitive conclusion can be drawn the possible malfunction ... as being a

7941:

Donovan, 2008, p. 440: footnote, "the carbine extractor problem did exist, though it probably had little impact on the outcome of the battle. DeRudio testified that 'the men had to take their knives to extract cartridges after firing 6 to 10 rounds.' ... but 'the men' seems to have been an

3948:

A modern historian, Albert Winkler, has asserted that there is some evidence to support the case of Private Gustave Korn being a genuine survivor of the battle: "While nearly all of the accounts of men who claimed to be survivors from Custer's column at the Battle of the Little Bighorn are

3596:

wrote in 1877, "The more I study the moves here , the more I have admiration for Custer." Facing major budget cutbacks, the U.S. Army wanted to avoid bad press and found ways to exculpate Custer. They blamed the defeat on the Indians' alleged possession of numerous repeating rifles and the

1226:

tracks from ridges overlooking his formation. It became apparent that the warriors in the village were either aware or would soon be aware of his approach. Fearing that the village would break up into small bands that he would have to chase, Custer began to prepare for an immediate attack.

7664:

Donovan, 2008, p. 118: Reynolds "best white scout in Dakota Territory ... had earned Custer's respect for his excellent work ... report to Custer that Lakotas under Sitting Bull were 'gathering in force'. They had been preparing for war by collecting Winchester repeating rifles and plenty

3802:

Two hundred or more Lakota and Cheyenne combatants are known to have been armed with Henry, Winchester, or similar lever-action repeating rifles at the battle. Virtually every trooper in the 7th Cavalry fought with the single-shot, breech-loading Springfield carbine and the Colt revolver.

3580:

outnumbered by the Indians, although he did not know by how much. By dividing his forces, Custer could have caused the defeat of the entire column, had it not been for Benteen's and Reno's linking up to make a desperate yet successful stand on the bluff above the southern end of the camp.

7491:

Hatch, 1997, p. 80: "The offer of 3 Gatling Guns...was made to Custer by General Alfred Terry urging of Major James Brisbin, who also desired his Second Cavalry to become part of Custer's detachment. Custer respectfully declined both offers, state that the Gatlings would impede his

3227:, Goes Ahead, Boy Chief, Hairy Moccasin, Half Yellow Face (Paints Half His Face Yellow), Little Sioux, One Feather, Owl, Peter Jackson, William Jackson, Red Bear, Red Star, Running Wolf, Sitting Bear, Soldier, Strikes The Lodge, Strikes Two, Two Moons, White Man Runs Him, Young Hawk 7471:

Hatch, 1997, p. 24: "Brisbin argued with Terry that Custer was undermanned, and requested that his troops Gatling guns – with Terry in command because Brisbin did not want to serve under Custer—be permitted to accompany column. Custer refused the assistance, and Terry abided by

3570:

By contrast, each Gatling gun had to be hauled by four horses, and soldiers often had to drag the heavy guns by hand over obstacles. Each of the heavy, hand-cranked weapons could fire up to 350 rounds a minute, an impressive rate, but they were known to jam frequently. During the

2554:

warriors in the battle, but the five Arapaho men who were at the encampments were there only by accident. While on a hunting trip they came close to the village by the river and were captured and almost killed by the Lakota who believed the hunters were scouts for the U.S. Army.

4265:

features this story in its Western chapter. The chapter villain O. Dio was actually the horse that was the sole survivor of the battle; possession by vengeful spirits of the slain Union soldiers turned the horse into an evil man, as told by the town sheriff after defeating O.

2040:

recounted the exodus this way: "We fled all night, following the Greasy Grass. My two younger brothers and I rode in a pony-drag, and my mother put some young pups in with us. They were always trying to crawl out and I was always putting them back in, so I didn't sleep much."

7558:

Hatch, 1997, p. 184: "Sioux and Cheyenne weapons included ... clubs, bows and arrows, lances, and hatchets an array of new and old firearms: muzzleloaders, Spenser, Sharps, Henry and Winchester repeating rifles, and ... Springfield carbines taken from Reno's dead

2366:

The Lakota had formed a "Strongheart Society" of caretakers and providers for the camp, consisting of men who had demonstrated compassion, generosity and bravery. As the purpose of the tribes' gathering was to take counsel, they did not constitute an army or warrior class.

2090:

joined the U.S. army for a short time after the defeat of Custer. Two Belly had given him and nearly 30 other Crows a lecture and explained how the Sioux had taken the hunting grounds of the Crow. "Two Belly said ... we should help the soldiers drive them back to their own

5415:"The official record of a court of inquiry convened at Chicago, Illinois, January 13, 1879, by the President of the United States upon the request of Major Marcus A. Reno, 7th U.S. Cavalry, to investigate his conduct at the Battle of the Little Big Horn, June 25–26, 1876" 3853:

Gallear points out that lever-action rifles, after a burst of rapid discharge, still required a reloading interlude that lowered their overall rate of fire; Springfield breechloaders "in the long run, had a higher rate of fire, which was sustainable throughout a battle."

7386:

Donovan, 2008, p. 175: "...Reno had taken one along , and it had been nothing but trouble." And p. 195: Custer, in comments to his officer staff before the Battle of the Little Bighorn, said that "...if hostiles could whip the Seventh ...they could defeat a much larger

3818:

After exhaustive testing—including comparisons to domestic and foreign single-shot and repeating rifles—the Army Ordnance Board (whose members included officers Marcus Reno and Alfred Terry) authorized the Springfield as the official firearm for the United States Army.

3810:

provided a barrage of fire at a critical point, driving Lieutenant James Calhoun's L Company from Calhoun Hill and Finley Ridge, forcing it to flee in disarray back to Captain Myles Keogh's I Company and leading to the disintegration of that wing of Custer's Battalion.

4255:

was based on the life of Lt. Col. George A. Custer and the 7th Cavalry. It concludes with the Battle of Little Bighorn, where 5 companies of the 7th Cavalry are wiped out, along with George Custer, Thomas Custer, Boston Custer and the brothers' nephew Henry A. "Autie"

4560:

Graham, 146. Lt Edward Godfrey reported finding a dead 7th Cavalry horse (shot in the head), a grain sack, and a carbine at the mouth of the Rosebud River. He conjectured that a soldier had escaped Custer's fight and rafted across the river, abandoning his played-out

4151:, the noted historian and Western art authority, deemed Paxson's painting "the best pictoral representation of the battle" and "from a purely artistic standpoint...one of the best if not the finest pictures which have been created to immortalize that dramatic event." 1593:

and a party of Cheyenne warriors. He also visited the Lakota country and interviewed Red Hawk, "whose recollection of the fight seemed to be particularly clear". Then, he went over the battlefield once more with the three Crow scouts, but also accompanied by General

4036:

United States memorialization of the battlefield began in 1879 with a temporary monument to the U.S. dead. In 1881, the current marble obelisk was erected in their honor. In 1890, marble blocks were added to mark the places where the U.S. cavalry soldiers fell.

1577:, the famed ethnologist and photographer of the Native American Indians, made a detailed personal study of the battle, interviewing many of those who had fought or taken part in it. First, he went over the ground covered by the troops with the three Crow scouts 7975:

casings on the field? ... No definitive conclusion can be drawn about the possible malfunction ... as being a significant cause of Custer's defeat. Writers of both pro- and anti-Custer material over the years ... have incorporated the theory into their works".

7570:

Flaherty, 1993, p. 208: "By 1873, Indians 'used the traditional bow and arrows and war club along with firearms such as the muzzle-loading Leman rifle, issued as part of treaty agreements, and rapid-fire Henry and Winchester rifles, obtained through civilian

7686:

Sklenar, 2000, p. 163: "the village contained possibly 1,200 lodges, plus several hundred wikiups housing individual warriors. The total population of men, woman and children probably reached 6,000 to 7,000 at its peak, with 2,000 of these being able-bodied

7648:

Flaherty, 1993, p. 208: By 1873, Indians "used the traditional bow and arrows and war club along with firearms such as the muzzle-loading Leman rifle, issued as part of treaty agreements, and rapid-fire Henry and Winchester rifles, obtained through civilian

3743:

Of the guns owned by Lakota and Cheyenne fighters at the Little Bighorn, approximately 200 were .44 caliber Winchester Model 1866 repeating rifles, corresponding to about 1 of 10 of the encampment's 2,000 able-bodied fighters who participated in the battle.

1483:

and he died there, died in the water of the Little Bighorn, with Two-bodies, and the blue soldier carrying his flag". In this account, Custer was allegedly killed by a Lakota called Big-nose. However, in Chief Gall's version of events, as recounted to Lt.

7612:

carried older guns—muzzleloaders, for which some molded their own bullets; Henry and Spencer repeaters; Springfield, Enfield , Sharps breechloaders and many different pistols. All told, between one-third and one-half of the gathering warriors had a gun."

1059:

to reassemble the regiment for the campaign. About 20% of the troopers had been enlisted in the prior seven months (139 of an enlisted roll of 718), were only marginally trained and had no combat or frontier experience. About 60% of these recruits were

1076:)—just as many of the veteran troopers had been before their enlistments. Archaeological evidence suggests that many of these troopers were malnourished and in poor physical condition, despite being the best-equipped and supplied regiment in the Army. 3575:

two years earlier, a Gatling gun had turned over, rolled down a mountain, and shattered to pieces. Lieutenant William Low, commander of the artillery detachment, was said to have almost wept when he learned he had been excluded from the strike force.

2733: 4448:, 448 U.S. 371 (1980), the US government had to pay just compensation and interest to the Sioux for taking the Black Hills. This case confirmed the court's view that the government can treat Indian reservations like private property and take them by 7790:

Lawson, 2008, p. 93: "The rapid fire power of the Henry repeaters was intimidating, especially to inexperienced soldiers. Their use was probably a significant cause of the confusion and panic among the soldiers so widely reported by Native American

3822:

The Springfield, manufactured in a .45–70 long rifle version for the infantry and a .45–55 light carbine version for the cavalry, was judged a solid firearm that met the long-term and geostrategic requirements of the United States fighting forces.

3647:

Custer's decision to reject Terry's offer of the rapid-fire Gatlings has raised questions among historians as to why he refused them and what advantage their availability might have conferred on his forces at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.

2112:

to the United States, but the Sioux never accepted the legitimacy of the transaction. They lobbied Congress to create a forum to decide their claim and subsequently litigated for 40 years; the United States Supreme Court in the 1980 decision

7753:

Donovan, 2008, p. 191: " trooper carried 100 rounds of carbine ammunition and 24 pistol cartridges with him—as many as 50 on a belt or in a pouch, and the remainder in his saddlebag (the pack train mules carried 26,000 more carbine rounds

3702:

The Lakota and Cheyenne warriors that opposed Custer's forces possessed a wide array of weaponry, from war clubs and lances to the most advanced firearms of the day. The typical firearms carried by the Lakota and Cheyenne combatants were

4317:. This will be the first biography of one of Custer's men to be written in over a hundred years. It chronicles the life of one of Custer's previously anonymous cavalrymen, Thomas Patrick Downing from I Company, who died in the battle. 3944:

Some of these survivors held a form of celebrity status in the United States, among them Raymond Hatfield "Arizona Bill" Gardner and Frank Tarbeaux. A few even published autobiographies that detailed their deeds at the Little Bighorn.

4540:"Military historians have speculated whether this decision was a mistake. If Gatling guns had made it to the battlefield, they might have allowed Custer enough firepower to allow Custer's companies to survive on Last Stand Hill." 780:

The geography of the battlefield is very complex, consisting of dissected uplands, rugged bluffs, the Little Bighorn River, and adjacent plains, all areas close to one another. Vegetation varies widely from one area to the next.

4066:

on Battle Ridge looking toward Last Stand Hill (top center). To the right of Custer Hill is Wooden Leg Hill, named for a surviving warrior. He described the death of a Sioux sharpshooter killed after being seen too often by the

4378:

from 1866 to 1879, when he finally joined his command. Capt. Tourtelotte (Company G) never joined the 7th. A fourth captain, Owen Hale (Company K), was the regiment's recruiting officer in St. Louis and rejoined his company

3337:

Six unnamed Native American women and four unnamed children are known to have been killed at the beginning of the battle during Reno's charge. Among them were two wives and three children of the Hunkpapa Leader Pizi (Gall).

3521:) to the Indian Appropriations Act of 1876 (enacted August 15, 1876), which cut off all rations for the Sioux until they terminated hostilities and ceded the Black Hills to the United States. The Agreement of 1877 (19 1678:, claimed to have seen Custer engage the Indians. The accuracy of their recollections remains controversial; accounts by battle participants and assessments by historians almost universally discredit Thompson's claim. 858:, reportedly had a vision of "soldiers falling into his camp like grasshoppers from the sky." At the same time US military officials were conducting a summer campaign to force the Lakota and the Cheyenne back to their 7621:

Gallear, 2001: "The bow's effective range was about 30 yards and was unlikely to kill a man instantly or even knock him off his horse. However, it would incapacitate and few troopers would fight on after an arrow hit

2106:, according to which the Sioux were required to cede the land to the United States if they wanted the government to continue supplying rations to the reservations. Threatened with forced starvation, the Natives ceded 7461:

Donovan, 2008, p. "Explaining his refusal of the Gatling gun detachment and the Second Cavalry battalion, he convolutedly reaffirmed his confidence in the Seventh's ability to defeat any number of Indians they could

3351:

and several troopers that had left that column before the battle or as the battle was starting). Among the dead were Custer's brothers Boston and Thomas, his brother-in-law James Calhoun, and his nephew Henry Reed.

1004:

The 7th Cavalry had been created just after the American Civil War. Many men were veterans of the war, including most of the leading officers. A significant portion of the regiment had previously served 4½ years at

7810:

Donovan, 2008, p. 191: "The Springfield had won out over many other American and foreign rifles, some of them repeaters, after extensive testing supervised by an army board that had included Marcus Reno and Alfred

3346:

The 7th Cavalry suffered 52 percent casualties: 16 officers and 242 troopers killed or died of wounds, 1 officer and 51 troopers wounded. Every soldier of the five companies with Custer was killed (except for some

7057: 3318: 3478:. Persistent rain and lack of supplies forced the column to dissolve and return to its varying starting points. The 7th Cavalry returned to Fort Abraham Lincoln to reconstitute. The regimental commander, Colonel 1752:

I think, in all probability, that the men turned their horses loose without any orders to do so. Many orders might have been given, but few obeyed. I think that they were panic stricken; it was a rout, as I said

3711:

smoothbore, the so-called Indian trade musket or Leman guns distributed to Indians by the US government at treaty conventions. Less common were surplus rifled muskets of American Civil War vintage such as the

1140:

Unknown to Custer, the group of Native Americans seen on his trail was actually leaving the encampment and did not alert the rest of the village. Custer's scouts warned him about the size of the village, with

613:

U.S. military actions against the native intruders. The steady Lakota incursions into treaty areas belonging to the smaller tribes were a direct result of their displacement by the United States in and around

3616:, and others. It was not until over half a century later that historians took another look at the battle and Custer's decisions that led to his death and loss of half his command and found much to criticize. 7643:

Utley, 1993, p. 39: "The Indians had grown to depend on the goods supplied, especially firearms and ammunition ... they could be obtained only though white men, directly, of through Indian intermediaries."

7368:

soldiers got tired of dragging them over rough spots...f Custer did not already have a fully formed negative opinion of the Gatlings on such an expedition, the experience of the Reno surely convinced him."

3790:

and in saddlebags on their mounts. An additional 50 carbine rounds per man were reserved on the pack train that accompanied the regiment to the battlefield. Each trooper had 24 rounds for his Colt handgun.

4021:, reflecting its association with Custer. In 1967, Major Marcus Reno was re-interred in the cemetery with honors, including an eleven-gun salute. Beginning in the early 1970s, there was concern within the 7734:

Donovan, 2008, p. 191: "each enlisted man carried the regulation single-action breech-loading, M1873 Springfield carbine ... the standard issue sidearm was the reliable M1873 Colt .45 cal. pistol."

2045:

awaiting reinforcements and unwilling to venture out against the Sioux and Cheyenne until they had at least 2,000 men. Crook and Terry finally took the field against the Native forces in August. General

4498:

attack without taking the most elementary precautions or making even an attempt at reconnaissance. To say or write such put one in the position of standing against bereaved Libbie". Smith, Gene (1993)

3937:, had such a convincing story that historian Charles Kuhlman believed the alleged survivor, going so far as to write a lengthy defense of Finkel's participation in the battle. Douglas Ellison—mayor of 2013:

first news of the military defeat which came to be popularly known as the "Custer Massacre". The editor of the Bismarck paper kept the telegraph operator busy for hours transmitting information to the

6961: 7377:

Philbrick, 2010, p. 73: "The biggest problem with the gun was transporting it to where it might be of some use... , the Gatling, not the mules, proved to be the biggest hindrance to the expedition."

1427:

Benteen was hit in the heel of his boot by an Indian bullet. At one point, he led a counterattack to push back Indians who had continued to crawl through the grass closer to the soldiers' positions.

1213:

miles (4 km) away after parting with Reno's command, Custer could observe only women preparing for the day, and young boys taking thousands of horses out to graze south of the village. Custer's

7772:

Gallear, 2001: "the .44 rim-fire round fired from the Henry rifle is the most numerous Indian gun fired with almost as many individual guns identified as the Cavalry Springfield Model 1873 carbine."

2331: 8370: 7424:

Sklenar, 2000, p. 79: After the 7th Cavalry's departure up Rosebud Creek, "even Brisbin would acknowledge that everyone in Gibbon's command understood ...the Seventh was the primary strike force."

106: 7415:

Philbrick, 2010, p. 99: "Custer knew he had to move quickly to accomplish his objective. That was why he ultimately declined the offer of the Gatling guns that had proven such a bother to Reno."

3865:

in Massachusetts. At time when funding for the post-war Army had been slashed, the prospect for economical production influenced the Ordnance Board member selection of the Springfield option.

1306:

It is where Custer gave Reno his final orders to attack the village ahead. It is also where some Indians who had been following the command were seen and Custer assumed he had been discovered.

6036: 4963:

White, Richard: The Winning of the West: The Expansion of the Western Sioux in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. The Journal of American History. Vol. 65, No. 2 (Sept. 1978), p. 342.

1924:

portion of the perimeter held by Companies H and M. On June 27, the column under General Terry approached from the north, and the natives drew off in the opposite direction. The Crow scout

7912:

Hatch, 1997, p. 124: "This defect was noted by the board of officers (which included Major Reno) that selected the weapon in 1872, but was not considered particularly serious at the time."

1009:, Kansas, during which time it fought one major engagement and numerous skirmishes, experiencing casualties of 36 killed and 27 wounded. Six other troopers had died of drowning and 51 in 8726: 7655:

Winchester and Henry repeating rifles ... they also armed themselves with captured Springfield carbines ... carried traditional weapons... bows and arrows, hatchets ... and war clubs."

1125:

On the morning of June 25, Custer divided his 12 companies into three battalions in anticipation of the forthcoming engagement. Three companies were placed under the command of Major

3806:

Historians have asked whether the repeating rifles conferred a distinct advantage on Sitting Bull's villagers that contributed to their victory over Custer's carbine-armed soldiers.

2531:(killed), American Horse, Brave Wolf, Antelope Women, Thunder Bull Big Nose, Yellow Horse, Little Shield, Horse Road, Bob Tail Horse, Yellow Hair, Bear-Walks-on-a-Ridge, Black Hawk, 7537:

Hatch, 1997, p. 81: "...The guns were mounted on large wheels, which meant that in order to operate them the gun crews would be standing upright, making them to Indian snipers."

7443:

Sklenar, 2000, p. 92: Custer "on the evening of 22 June......why he had not accepted the offers...of Gatling guns (he thought they might hamper his movements at a critical moment)."

3388: 7781:

Gallear, 2001: "by the time of the Little Bighorn the U.S. Army was standardizing on the Springfield rifle and carbine saw breech-loading rifles and carbines as the way forward."

5396:

I Fought with Custer: The Story of Sergeant Windolph, Last Survivor of the Battle of the Little Big Horn: with Explanatory Material and Contemporary Sidelights on the Custer Fight

1104:. They reviewed Terry's plan calling for Custer's regiment to proceed south along the Rosebud while Terry and Gibbon's united forces would move in a westerly direction toward the 621:, which the Lakota consider sacred. This pre-existing indigenous conflict provided a useful wedge for colonization, and ensured the United States a firm Indian alliance with the 440: 4025:

over the name Custer Battlefield National Monument failing to adequately reflect the larger history of the battle between two cultures. Hearings on the name change were held in

1260:

capture of the herds were in that event counted upon to strike consternation in the hearts of the warriors and were elements for success upon which General Custer fully counted.

9684: 1951:

This Helena, Montana newspaper article did not report the battle until July 6, referring to a July 3 story from a Bozeman, Montana newspaper—itself eight days after the event.

3846:

are portrayed by Gallear as a minor theatre of conflict whose contingencies were unlikely to govern the selection of standard weaponry for an emerging industrialized nation.

3643:. Custer declined an offer of a battery of these weapons, explaining to Terry that they would "hamper our movements". Said Custer, "The Seventh can handle anything it meets." 3884:

Historian Thom Hatch observes that the Model 1873 Springfield, despite the known ejector flaw, remained the standard issue shoulder arm for US troops until the early 1890s.

765:

in the center of the old Crow country. There were numerous skirmishes between the Sioux and Crow tribes, so when the Sioux were in the valley in 1876 without the consent of

7922:

muzzle-loading weapons of the Civil War, which would frequently misfire and cause the soldier to uselessly load multiple rounds on top of each other in the heat of battle."

3409: 1681:

Archaeological evidence and reassessment of Indian testimony have led to a new interpretation of the battle. In the 1920s, battlefield investigators discovered hundreds of

6014: 4620: 3956:, a battle participant who later became a controversial historian on the event, wrote (in regards to Charles Hayward's claim to have been with Custer and taken prisoner): 2282: 9604: 7053: 3245:

Estimates of Native American casualties have differed widely, from as few as 36 dead (from Native American listings of the dead by name) to as many as 300. Lakota chief

2948: 1222:

requested by Major Reno, the Reno Board of Inquiry (RCOI), Benteen and Reno's men testified that they heard distinct rifle volleys as late as 4:30 pm during the battle.

4542:"Since its invention during the Civil War, the Gatling gun had been used sparingly in actual battle, but there was no denying, potentially at least, an awesome weapon." 4374:, served only seven months in 1866–67 before becoming permanent aide to his brother but remained on the rolls until 1882. Capt. Ilsley (Company E) was aide to Maj. Gen 3794:

The opposing forces, though not equally matched in the number and type of arms, were comparably outfitted, and neither side held an overwhelming advantage in weaponry.

3732:

breechloaders. The Lakota and Cheyenne warriors also used bows and arrows. Effective up to 30 yards (27 meters), the arrows could readily maim or disable an opponent.

4403:

or sleep in the open. When the chief decided that it was time to move on the villagers simply struck their tipis, tied the tipi poles to their horses so as to form a

4347: 1195:

note for reinforcements and ammunition. Newspaper accounts of the period referred to him as "Custer massacre survivor" and "the last white man to see Custer alive".

7866:

Gallear, 2001: "The Army saw breech-loading rifles and carbines as the way forward. They could fire a much more powerful round at longer ranges than lever-actions."

3952:

Almost as soon as men came forward implying or directly pronouncing their unique role in the battle, there were others who were equally opposed to any such claims.

1187:

Additionally, Custer was more concerned with preventing the escape of the Lakota and Cheyenne than with fighting them, as reported by John Martin (born in Italy as

970:

on May 17. They were accompanied by teamsters and packers with 150 wagons and a large contingent of pack mules that reinforced Custer. Companies C, D, and I of the

7510:

Donovan, 2008, p. 175: "Each of these heavy, hand-cranked weapons could fire up to 350 rounds a minute, an impressive rate, but they were known to jam frequently.

1503: 549:

Crow Indian Reservation, 1868 (area 619 and 635). Yellow area 517 is 1851 Crow treaty land ceded to the U.S. It was in the red area 635 that the battle occurred.

3740:, informed his superior in early 1876 that Sitting Bull's forces were amassing weapons, including numerous Winchester repeating rifles and abundant ammunition. 8511:

Legacy: New perspectives on the Battle of the Little Bighorn; (proceedings of the Little Bighorn Legacy Symposium, held in Billings, Montana, August 3–6, 1994)

4994:

Dunlay, Thomas W.: Wolves for the Blue Soldiers. Indian Scouts and Auxiliaries with the United States Army, 1860–90. Lincoln and London, 1982, pp. 40, 113–114.

9639: 4050:

many tribes, the circle is sacred. The "spirit gate" window facing the Cavalry monument is symbolic as well, welcoming the dead cavalrymen into the memorial.

2951:, Brave Wolf, Antelope Women, Thunder Bull Big Nose, Yellow Horse, Little Shield, Horse Road, Bob Tail Horse, Yellow Hair, Bear-Walks-on-a-Ridge, Black Hawk, 545: 7452:

Lawson, 2007 p. 50: "Custer...refused Major James Brisbin's offer to include his Second Cavalry Regiment , told Terry "the 7th can handle anything it meets."

6953: 4570:

Badly wounded, the horse had been overlooked or left behind by the victors, who had taken the other surviving horses. Comanche was taken back to the steamer

2724: 7646:

civilian use would have disappeared so Indian use must have come from ex-Civil War stocks sold off cheaply and bought by Indian traders, such as the Métis."

7501:

Hatch, 1997, p. 80: "The Gatling Guns would have brought formidable firepower into play; this rapid fire artillery could fire up to 350 rounds in 1 minute."

2757: 2120: 1937:

recalled with amazement how his tribe now finally could sleep without fear for Lakota attacks: "this was the first time I had ever known such a condition."

6071: 1598:"as I particularly desired that the testimony of these men might be considered by an experienced army officer". Finally, Curtis visited the country of the 433: 3873:

Whether the reported malfunction of the Model 1873 Springfield carbine issued to the 7th Cavalry contributed to their defeat has been debated for years.

1737:

I went over the battlefield carefully with a view to determine how the battle was fought. I arrived at the conclusion then, as I have now, that it was a

3965:

The only documented and verified survivor of Custer's command (having been actually involved in Custer's part of the battle) was Captain Keogh's horse,

3768:

The troops under Custer's command carried two regulation firearms authorized and issued by the U.S. Army in early 1876: the breech-loading, single-shot

2023:. The Army began to investigate, although its effectiveness was hampered by a concern for survivors, and the reputation of the officers. Custer's wife, 8951: 6594: 4085: 3783:

Except for a number of officers and scouts who opted for personally owned and more expensive rifles and handguns, the 7th Cavalry was uniformly armed.

1247:

necessary exposure in case of conflict, would operate as a powerful argument in favor of peace, when the question of peace or war came to be discussed.

7932:

significant cause of Custer's defeat. Writers of both pro- and anti-Custer material over the years ... have incorporated the theory into their works".

7903:

Gallear, 2001: "some authorities have blamed the gun's reliability and tendency for rounds to jam in the breech for the defeat at the Little Bighorn".

5198: 5167: 8538:

Russell, D. Custer's List: A Checklist of Pictures Relating to the Battle of the Little Big Horn. Fort Worth: Amon Carter Museum of Western Art, 1969

7255: 1794: 8362: 6930: 3294: 1893:

the entire drainage including its tributaries, in which case the bodies of Bouyer and others were found where eyewitnesses had said they were seen.

9727: 9204: 7528:

Philbrick, 2010, p. 73: "Military traditionalists like to claim the gun was unreliable, but in actuality the Gatling functioned surprisingly well."

5756: 5729: 2004:

which had brought supplies for the expedition. Curley, one of Custer's scouts, rode up to the steamboat and tearfully conveyed the information to

1047:

By the time of the Battle of the Little Bighorn, half of the 7th Cavalry's companies had just returned from 18 months of constabulary duty in the

12676: 8450: 1507:

Lt. Adjutant William W. Cooke's message conveying Custer's orders to Frederick Benteen, June 25, 1876. Benteen's transcription is at upper right.

1461:

identification of many impossible. The soldiers identified the 7th Cavalry's dead as well as they could and hastily buried them where they fell.

533: 426: 9627: 6900:"Cheyenne Primacy: The Tribes' Perspective As Opposed To That Of The United States Army; A Possible Alternative To "The Great Sioux War Of 1876" 6716: 6442: 6413: 4117: 3837:(1861–1912). This kind of combat never occurred at the Battle of the Little Bighorn: none of the 7th Cavalry carried sabers on Custer's orders. 8722: 7894:

Donovan, 2008, p. 191: "Army appropriations were at an all-time low, and a key factor in the Springfield's favor was its low production cost."

8888: 6877: 1634: 6224: 5905: 5635: 5054: 6984: 4005: 1670:

too late to retreat to the south where Reno and Benteen could have provided assistance. Two men from the 7th Cavalry, the young Crow scout

1344:

The first group to attack was Major Reno's second detachment (Companies A, G, and M) after receiving orders from Custer written out by Lt.

911: 687: 632:

The fight was an overwhelming victory for the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho, who were led by several major war leaders, including

6482: 3421: 3360:

spoke of soldiers' panic-driven flight and suicide by those unwilling to fall captive to the Indians. While such stories were gathered by

1395:, with both Union and Confederate troops using knives, eating utensils, mess plates and pans to dig effective battlefield fortifications. 9983: 8144: 6830: 1862:

This c. 1895–1899 portrait of A-ca-po-re, a Ute musician, by Charles A. Nast has been misidentified as Mitch Bouyer for nearly 100 years.

1312:

Knowing this location helps establish the pattern of the Indians' movements to the encampment on the river where the soldiers found them.

8339: 7829:

Robinson, 1995, p. xxviii: "the Model 1873 Springfield rifle, in caliber .45–70 for the infantry, and .45–55 light carbine for cavalry."

6521: 5219: 3566:, scene by Pawnee Bill's Wild West Show performers c. 1905 of Sitting Bull's stabbing Custer, with dead Native Americans lying on ground 1153:

prophetically warned Custer (speaking through the interpreter Mitch Bouyer), "You and I are going home today by a road we do not know."

12013: 11160: 8063: 7961:

Hatch, 1997, p. 124: "How often did this defect occur and cause the to malfunction on June 25, 1876? According to Dr. Richard Fox in

5676: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9522: 3667:, expert in the tactical use of artillery in Civil War, stated that Gatlings "would probably have saved the command", whereas General 9952: 7406:

Lawson, 2007, p. 50: " turned down General Terry's offer to bring the three Gatling guns, because they would slow down his movement."

6903: 6011: 5571: 1806: 384: 9681: 4130:

was the first of the large images of this battle. It was 11 by 20 feet (3.4 by 6.1 m) and toured the country for over 17 years.

11577: 7677:

Hatch, 1997, p. 184: "It has been estimated that perhaps 200 repeating rifles were possessed by the Indians, nearly one for each ."

7195: 7039: 4407:

for their goods and children, and followed the chief. The term "village", therefore, refers to the group while moving or encamped.

4327: 4097: 2115: 2027:, in particular, guarded and promoted the ideal of him as the gallant hero, attacking any who cast an ill light on his reputation. 6881: 5006:"Characterization of Geographical Aspects of the Landscape and Environment in the Area of the Little Bighorn Battlefield, Montana" 2319: 2295: 1877:

marker on Deep Ravine trail. Deep Ravine is to the right of this picture (south/southwest) and about 65 yards (60 m) distant.

1379: 12666: 8552: 6317: 4921: 3400: 3379: 3285: 3276: 2049:

took command of the effort in October 1876. In May 1877, Sitting Bull escaped to Canada. Within days, Crazy Horse surrendered at

7716:

Gallear, 2001: "No bayonet or hand to hand weapon was issued apart from the saber, which under Custer's orders was left behind."

3513:

As a result of the defeat in June 1876, Congress responded by attaching what the Sioux call the "sell or starve" rider (19

12661: 4630: 4193:, is a fictionalized, romanticized drama of Custer's life beginning with his time at West Point and concluding with the battle. 4073: 1133:(H, D, and K). Five companies (C, E, F, I, and L) remained under Custer's immediate command. The 12th, Company B under Captain 959: 951: 7885:

Army, involved no more royalties, and existing machinery at the Springfield Armory could easily be adapted to its manufacture.

4869: 12636: 11562: 10287: 10007: 9346: 9298: 9279: 9150: 8919: 8878: 8829: 8635: 8285: 8057: 8030: 7580:

Gallear, 2001: "Trade guns were made up until the 1880s by such gunsmiths as Henry Leman, J.P. Lower and J. Henry & Son."

6301: 6046: 5308: 5253: 5098: 4843: 4818: 4156: 3663:, in a section entitled "Would Gatling Guns Have Saved Custer?" presents two judgments from Custer's contemporaries: General 2795: 923: 919: 891: 8625: 8474: 5467: 5199:"Online version of Cullum's Register of Graduates of the United States Military Academy – Class of 1846 – Samuel D. Sturgis" 12671: 11618: 9720: 8402: 7984:

Hatch, 1997, p. 124: "On a final note: the Springfield carbine remained the official cavalry firearm until the early 1890s"

4972:

Hoxie, Frederick E.: Parading Through History. The Making of the Crow Nation in America, 1805–1935. Cambridge,1995, p. 108.

4462: 3764:

Springfield trapdoor rifle with breech open. Custer's troopers were equipped with these breech-loading, single-shot rifles.

3475: 4703:

White, Richard: "The Winning of the West: The Expansion of the Western Sioux in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries",

3632:. (According to historian Evan S. Connell, the precise number of Gatlings has not been established: either two or three.) 754:, which took place from 1854 to 1890. While some of the indigenous people eventually agreed to relocate to ever-shrinking 12589: 6756: 5702: 1269:) caused hundreds of warriors to disengage from the Reno valley fight and return to deal with the threat to the village. 7519:

Hatch, 1997, pp. 80–81: "The Gatlings had major drawbacks, such as frequent jamming due to residue from black powder..."

3941:, and an amateur historian—also wrote a book in support of the veracity of Finkel's claim, but most scholars reject it. 12646: 12641: 11633: 11354: 11063: 9840: 6994: 4417:

in six horseshoe-shaped semicircles", had a population of approx. 8000 people, and stretched over two miles end-to-end.

4207: 3002: 1289:) was a landmark along the 7th Cavalry's march. It was where the Indian encampment had been a week earlier, during the 987: 649: 479: 9483: 8701: 8678: 8574: 8322: 12008: 11602: 11503: 9472: 9451: 9428: 9405: 9386: 9365: 9319: 9253: 9188: 9169: 9131: 9107: 9088: 9069: 9050: 9031: 9012: 8976: 8940: 8840: 8810: 8789: 8766: 8523: 8443:"The Indian Memorial Peace Through Unity – Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)" 8410: 8124: 6730: 6112: 5884: 5477: 5370: 5345: 4981:

Bradley, James H.: Journal of James H. Bradley. The Sioux Campaign of 1876 under the Command of General John Gibbon.

4271: 3861:

was owned by the US government and the firearm could be easily adapted for production with existing machinery at the

1656: 811: 405: 4211:

depicts modern American soldiers finding themselves near the battlefield and ultimately involved in the real battle.

12696: 12686: 11965: 9665: 9649: 9504: 5323:, iUniverse, 2003, p. 45, based on Abstract of the Official Record of Proceedings of the Reno Court of Inquiry, 35. 2307: 1479:, the wife of Goes-Ahead (another Crow scout for the 7th Cavalry), Custer was killed while crossing the river: "... 537:

Map indicating the battlefields of the Lakota wars (1854–1890) and the Lakota Indian territory as described in the

7598:

Gallear, 2001: "Civil War type muzzleloader rifles would have had an effective range of about 500 yards, but with

4520:" rapid-fire artillery pieces known as Gatling guns" were part of Terry's firepower included in the Dakota column. 4133:

In 1896, Anheuser-Busch commissioned from Otto Becker a lithographed modified version of Cassilly Adams' painting

3482:, returned from his detached duty in St. Louis, Missouri. Sturgis led the 7th Cavalry in the campaign against the 12018: 11258: 9976: 9713: 6189:

compiled and edited by Ronald H. Nichols, Custer Battlefield Historical & Museum Assn., Inc. Hardin, MT 59034

4161: 3522: 3514: 1552: 1084:, was on detached duty as the Superintendent of Mounted Recruiting Service and commander of the Cavalry Depot in 31: 9488:. Custer Battlefield Historical & Museum Association: The Brian C. Pohanka 30th Annual Symposium, pp. 36–51. 6068: 1929:

DeWolf, had been killed during Reno's retreat. The only remaining doctor was Assistant Surgeon Henry R. Porter.

1096:

The Army's coordination and planning began to go awry on June 17, 1876, when Crook's column retreated after the

11511: 9749: 5999: 4250: 4198: 3777: 3124: 2223: 1971: 1638: 1408: 7589:

Gallear, 2001: "These guns were crudely made for Indian trade and were given out as a sweetener for treaties."

4858: 3529:, enacted February 28, 1877) officially took away Sioux land and permanently established Indian reservations. 1966:

also appears to have first reported the event on July 6. The earliest journalistic communication cited in the

1844:

According to Indian accounts, about forty men on Custer Hill made a desperate stand around Custer, delivering

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Indian accounts claim that besides wounding one of the leaders of this advance, a soldier carrying a company

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Sioux, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Crow, Arikara and American eyewitness accounts of the Battle of the Little Bighorn

8957: 6629: 6604: 3915:, was the only survivor to leave after the battle had begun. Rumors of other survivors persisted for years. 1265:

apparent reconnaissance by Capt. Yates' E and F Companies at the mouth of Medicine Tail Coulee (Minneconjou

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Ewers, John C.: "Intertribal Warfare as a Precursor of Indian-White Warfare on the Northern Great Plains".

4375: 2846: 2433: 1915:

was chartered by the Army to carry supplies for the Custer expedition. After the battle, captain and pilot

1768:

Looking in the direction of the Indian village and the deep ravine. Photo by Stanley J. Morrow, spring 1877

1417: 519: 504: 10476: 9517: 7247: 704: 12691: 12656: 11458: 11453: 11402: 11397: 10652: 10405: 9800: 6926: 4511:: Terry's column out of Fort Abraham Lincoln included "...artillery (two Rodman and two Gatling guns)..." 3919:

would have had at least a brigade behind him when he crossed the Wolf Mountains and rode to the attack."

3903:

Soldiers under Custer's direct command were annihilated on the first day of the battle, except for three

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groups because there was not enough game and grass to sustain a large congregation of people and horses.

1832:

roughly construed. The troops evidently died in several groups, including on Custer Hill, around Captain

1309:

Many of the survivors' accounts use the Lone Teepee as a point of reference for event times or distances.

1297:

standing (some reports mention a second that had been partially dismantled), and in it was the body of a

739:

rivers, about 40 miles (64 km) north of the future battlefield. The area is first noted in the 1851

17: 9594: 4882:

Early Fur Trade on the Northern Plains. Canadian Traders among the Mandan and Hidatsa Indians, 1738–1818

4310:

covered the battle and the events leading to it in a three-part series on the "History on Fire" podcast.

3927:

least 125 alleged "single survivor" tales have been confirmed in the historical record as of July 2012.

2337:

Marker indicating where General Custer fell among soldiers – denoted with black-face, in center of photo

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Robinson, 1995, p. xxix: "Indians carried at least forty-one different kinds of firearms in the fight."

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ammunition in lever-action models influenced the decision in favor of the single-shot Springfield. The

3508: 2265: 1957: 1911: 1595: 1398: 800:; however, in contemporary accounts by participants, it was referred to as the "Valley of Chieftains". 9587: 8442: 8340:"A Pretended Custer Survivor: Another Attempt to Pose As a Survivor Punctured by the Regiment's Clerk" 7725:

Lawson, 2008, p. 53: "Many of the officers and most of the civilians brought along their own weapons."

7556:

the sabre and lance ... the Indians were clearly armed with a number of sophisticated firearms".

5321:

A Day to Remember: Introducing the Drama, Irony, and Controversies of the Battle of the Little Bighorn

4041:

near Last Stand Hill in honor of Lakota and Cheyenne warriors. The commissioned work by native artist

12701: 12556: 11648: 11193: 11123: 10845: 9816: 1726: 712: 494: 9698: 9624:– Battle information, including names of 7th Cavalry soldiers and warriors who fought in the battle. 7993: 7820:

Gallear, 2001: "In 1872 the Army tested a number of foreign and domestic single-shot breechloaders".

5669:"George Armstrong Custer and The Battle of the Little of The Little Big Horn (A South African View)" 12215: 11960: 11950: 11468: 11387: 11364: 9657: 9634: 9512: 6456: 4477: 4221: 3246: 3165: 2425: 2119:

acknowledged that the United States had taken the Black Hills without just compensation. The Sioux

1675: 1543: 1137:, had been assigned to escort the slower pack train carrying provisions and additional ammunition. 818: 99: 59: 11382: 6218: 2102:, which had been a focal point of the 1876 conflict, was determined by an ultimatum issued by the 2019:(for which he corresponded). News of the defeat arrived in the East as the U.S. was observing its 605:. The battle, which resulted in the defeat of U.S. forces, was the most significant action of the 12306: 12296: 12225: 11854: 11587: 11557: 11443: 11428: 11311: 11306: 11248: 11208: 10875: 9912: 9864: 8800: 5642: 5051: 3975: 3923: 3773: 3725: 3444: 3144: 2952: 2532: 2138: 1627: 1492: 1101: 1022: 947: 843: 762: 746:

In the latter half of the 19th century, tensions increased between the Native inhabitants of the

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Wolves for the Blue Soldiers: Indian Scouts and Auxiliaries with the United States Army, 1860–90

4753:

Wolves for the Blue Soldiers: Indian Scouts and Auxiliaries with the United States Army, 1860–90

4014:

in 1879 to protect the graves of the 7th Cavalry troopers. In 1946, it was re-designated as the

3370:

Red Horse pictographic account of dead U.S. cavalrymen in the Battle of the Little Bighorn, 1881

1013:

epidemics. In November 1868, while stationed in Kansas, the 7th Cavalry under Custer had routed

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It Is A Good Day to Die, Indian Eyewitnesses Tell the Story of the Battle of the Little Bighorn

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Criticism of Custer was not universal. While investigating the battlefield, Lieutenant General

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On May 7, 1868, the valley of the Little Bighorn became a tract in the eastern part of the new

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The Conquest of the Missouri: Being the Story of the Life and Exploits of Captain Grant Marsh

6535: 5223: 4352: 4225: 4022: 3625: 3361: 3255:

Red Horse pictographic account of Lakota casualties in the Battle of the Little Bighorn, 1881

3133: 3077: 2272: 2020: 1919:

set a speed record bringing wounded men and news of the Custer disaster back to Fort Lincoln.

1485: 1290: 1252: 1199:

the Little Bighorn River, they could see only the herd of ponies. Later, looking from a hill

1097: 774: 499: 484: 9621: 8047: 7080:

A Terrible Glory: Custer and the Little Bighorn – the Last Great Battle of the American West

5668: 5483: 4929: 3624:

General Alfred Terry's Dakota column included a single battery of artillery, comprising two

2347: 1997:

The first non-Natives to hear the news of the Custer defeat were those aboard the steamboat

1710:

By almost all accounts, the Lakota annihilated Custer's force within an hour of engagement.

1251:

On Custer's decision to advance up the bluffs and descend on the village from the east, Lt.

12706: 12543: 12404: 12341: 12331: 12301: 12283: 12167: 11831: 11755: 11592: 11463: 11349: 11326: 10966: 10860: 10501: 8893:

The Custer Tragedy: Events Leading Up to and Following the Little Big Horn Campaign of 1876

6657: 4870:

https://history.nebraska.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/doc_publications_NH2014GACuster.pdf

3938: 3843: 3713: 3453: 3264: 2172: 2165: 1999: 1889:, were discovered in or near that gulch, their deaths possibly the battle's final actions. 1109: 1052: 992: 963: 943: 716: 594: 586: 322: 91: 8601: 6899: 6507:, Vol. 25, No. 7742, July 7, 1876, p. 1, recounting "dispatches" published the day before. 6167:. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1985 (reprint of 1957 edition), p. 158. 5566: 5122:"Washita Memories: Eyewitness Views of Custer's Attack on Black Kettle's Village (Review)" 3858: 8: 12551: 12452: 12447: 12409: 12399: 12336: 12326: 12321: 12263: 12245: 12240: 12202: 12182: 12162: 12112: 12097: 12051: 11945: 11912: 11894: 11806: 11705: 11638: 11531: 11473: 11423: 10905: 10698: 10516: 9674: 9263: 6847: 4594: 4178: 4140: 3834: 2821: 2421: 2387: 2103: 2053:, Nebraska. The Great Sioux War ended on May 7 with Miles' defeat of a remaining band of 1933:

reservation and keep up the invasion. In the end, the army won the Sioux war. Crow chief

1184:

for his opinion on the size of the opposition, he estimated the force at 1,100 warriors.

1085: 842:

who had slipped away from their reservations. During a Sun Dance around June 5, 1876, on

755: 11093: 8117:

The Custer Myth: A source book of Custeriana with a new introduction by Brian C. Pohanka

7183: 4764:

Calloway, Colin G.: "The Inter-tribal Balance of Power on the Great Plains, 1760–1850".

4690:

Calloway, Colin G.: "The Inter-tribal Balance of Power on the Great Plains, 1760–1850",

750:

of the US and encroaching settlers. This resulted in a series of conflicts known as the

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supplement to his annual report, which continued the General's running battle with the

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Looking in the direction of the Indian village and the deep ravine. Taken November 2011

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Physical Evidence and the Battle of the Little Bighorn: The Question of Interpretation

8548: 3306: 942:'s column, including twelve companies (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, and M) of the 12576: 12500: 12442: 12255: 12210: 12187: 12152: 12144: 12087: 12069: 11980: 11811: 11793: 11763: 11680: 11040: 10961: 10946: 10941: 10731: 10566: 10546: 10055: 9992: 9705: 9468: 9447: 9440: 9424: 9401: 9382: 9376: 9361: 9342: 9315: 9309: 9294: 9275: 9249: 9232: 9184: 9165: 9146: 9127: 9103: 9084: 9065: 9046: 9027: 9008: 8991: 8972: 8966: 8936: 8915: 8896: 8874: 8855: 8825: 8806: 8785: 8762: 8631: 8519: 8471: 8406: 8302: 8281: 8241: 8120: 8053: 8026: 6990: 6297: 6042: 5995: 5960: 5942: 5880: 5473: 5366: 5341: 5304: 5249: 5145: 4839: 4814: 4042: 4026: 3708: 3693: 3479: 3220: 3216: 3171: 3115: 2921: 2395: 2254: 2158: 1990: 1569:

1:5260 of Custer battlefield – surveyed 1891, detailing U.S. soldiers' body locations

1130: 1081: 975: 971: 931: 903: 732: 656: 602: 578: 278: 177: 10230: 9573:– includes a bibliography and articles, as well as many general and commercial links 6662:

Killing Custer – The Battle of the Little Bighorn and the Fate of the Plains Indians

5265: 4729:

Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 1873. Washington, 1874, p. 124.

4228:

include an account of the battle and portray a manic and somewhat psychotic Custer (

2354:

who, according to her grandson, was a woman war chief who participated in the battle

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Map of Indian battles and skirmishes after the Battle of Little Bighorn. 1876–1881.

9442:

Killing Custer: The Battle of the Little Bighorn and the Fate of the Plains Indians

6954:"The Battle of the Greasy Grass 140 Years Later: The Complete Story in 18 Drawings" 5133: 4229: 4203: 4148: 3986: 3966: 3908: 3896: 3826: 3760: 3737: 3671:, participant in the Great Sioux War declared " were useless for Indian fighting." 3559: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3197: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3098: 3066: 3057: 3048: 3039: 3030: 3018: 3008: 3005: 2982: 2956: 2944: 2887: 2825: 2708: 2583: 2482: 2391: 2151: 1574: 1565: 1548: 1345: 1188: 1150: 1056: 967: 915: 509: 300: 287: 264: 240: 5578:. The Century Magazine, Vol. XLIII, No. 3, January. New York: The Century Company. 5094: 1686:

of one while presumably delegating Captain George W. Yates to command the second.

1555: 1025:, an attack which was at the time labeled a "massacre of innocent Indians" by the 12505: 12432: 12235: 12177: 12102: 12077: 12028: 11988: 11826: 11783: 11675: 11392: 11165: 11118: 11016: 11001: 10915: 10865: 10703: 10592: 10410: 10325: 10145: 10110: 9931: 9765: 9688: 9669: 9268: 9219: 8868: 8705: 8682: 8478: 8396: 8392: 6291: 6116: 6075: 6018: 5575: 5058: 4342: 4307: 3970: 3689: 3668: 3660: 3593: 3095: 2247: 2199: 2046: 2015: 1514:

Hurrah boys, we've got them! We'll finish them up and then go home to our station

1266: 855: 6522:"1876: The Eagle Screams. Historical Register of the Centennial Exposition 1876" 4529:"How many Gatling guns lurched across the prairie is uncertain. Probably three." 4303:(and guests) discussing the context, conditions, and consequences of the battle. 4029:

on June 10, 1991, and during the following months Congress renamed the site the

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Cavalier in Buckskin: George Armstrong Custer and the Western Military Frontier

8911:

Custerology: The Enduring Legacy of the Indian Wars and George Armstrong Custer

7848:

Donovan, 2008, p. 191: "a solid weapon with superior range and stopping power".

4449: 4388: 4182: 3356: 3168: 3036: 2941: 2716: 2613: 2528: 2473: 2403: 2233: 2178: 1599: 1586: 983: 927: 834: 797: 622: 562: 236: 203: 6762: 5698: 5543: 4807:

Scott, Douglas D.; Fox, Richard A.; Connor, Melissa A.; Harmon, Dick (2013) .

4551:

Reno's wing "left...on June 10...accompanied by a Gatling gun and its crew..."

3892: 1762: 1722:. Some Native accounts recalled this segment of the fight as a "buffalo run." 12630: 12485: 12462: 12384: 12220: 12059: 11884: 11836: 11732: 11478: 11188: 11138: 11068: 10951: 10895: 10780: 10739: 10713: 10708: 10693: 10667: 10637: 10617: 10571: 10551: 10541: 10486: 10481: 10415: 10395: 10380: 10250: 10240: 10185: 10155: 10130: 10085: 10045: 9773: 9213: 8659: 6665: 6371:

Where Custer Fell: Photographs of the Little Bighorn Battlefield Then and Now

4895:

Parading Through History. The Making of the Crow Nation in America, 1805–1935

4718:

Parading Through History: The making of the Crow Nation in America, 1805–1935

4186: 3912: 3868: 3664: 3483: 3438: 3194: 3027: 2900: 2880: 2801: 2625: 2589: 2469: 2212: 2191:

Pack Train commander: 1st Lt. Edward Gustave Mathey (detached from M Company)

2050: 1715: 1476: 1469: 1356: 1105: 1061: 1026: 1018: 769:, the Crow supported the US Army to expel the Sioux (e.g., Crows enlisted as 736: 558: 193: 172: 167: 122: 108: 9236: 8859: 8698: 8675: 8363:"Comanche: The Horse that Survived the Battle of the Little Bighorn, Part 2" 7397:

difficult time keeping up with the march of Colonel John Gibbon's infantry."

6293:

They Died With Custer: Soldiers' Bones from the Battle of the Little Bighorn

3982: 3786:

Ammunition allotments provided 100 carbine rounds per trooper, carried on a

1242:, published two years before the Battle of the Little Bighorn, he asserted: 12584: 12467: 12273: 12092: 11773: 11712: 11700: 11253: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11078: 11026: 11011: 10971: 10900: 10880: 10870: 10855: 10826: 10814: 10805: 10760: 10750: 10531: 10491: 10466: 10461: 10430: 10400: 10375: 10360: 10335: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10150: 9640:

Kenneth M. Hammer Collection on Custer and the Battle of the Little Bighorn

8900: 8578: 7763:

Hatch, 1997, p. 184: "not a wide disparity" in arms of the opposing forces.

6687: 6517: 5333: 4859:

https://history.nebraska.gov/the-changing-image-of-george-armstrong-custer/

4300: 4123: 3930: 3729: 3704: 3609: 3201: 3180: 3089: 3045: 2864: 2809: 2637: 2571: 2457: 2375: 2240: 2195: 2087: 2071: 2034: 1934: 1886: 1874: 1868: 1383: 1367: 1142: 1069: 1032: 1014: 939: 907: 851: 789: 785: 747: 731:

in 1807 for trade with the Crow. It was located near the confluence of the

728: 641: 614: 574: 221: 9270:

The Last Stand: Custer, Sitting Bull, and The Battle of The Little Bighorn

8995: 6734: 6583:. New York and Toronto: Murray Hill Books, Inc. pp. 277–279, 290–315. 6220:

Benteen testimony at Reno Court of Inquiry, January 13 – February 11, 1879

6106: 5301:

The Last Stand: Custer, Sitting Bull, and the Battle of the Little Bighorn

5246:

The Last Stand: Custer, Sitting Bull, and the Battle of the Little Bighorn

5137: 5121: 5005: 3813: 3684: 418: 12515: 12374: 11869: 11717: 11316: 11223: 11183: 11143: 11053: 10986: 10822: 10818: 10800: 10795: 10785: 10775: 10770: 10765: 10745: 10727: 10723: 10718: 10657: 10647: 10622: 10607: 10602: 10587: 10471: 10350: 10330: 10320: 10200: 10080: 10030: 9646:

Charles Kuhlman collection on the Battle of the Little Big Horn, MSS 1401

9419:

Little Bighorn Remembered: The Untold Indian Story of Custer's Last Stand

9231:. Hardin, Montana: Custer Battlefield Historical and Museum Association. 9162:

The Mystery of E Troop: Custer's Grey Horse Company at the Little Bighorn

9117: 9026:. Hardin, Montana: Custer Battlefield Historical and Museum Association. 8930: 8709: 8651: 7599: 6227:

from the original on October 7, 2017 – via The Library of Congress.

5286:

Andrist, Ralph K., "The Long Death: The Last Days of the Plains Indian".

4337: 4290: 4269:

A fictionalized version of the battle is depicted in the 2006 video game

4261: 4241: 4174: 3904: 3721: 3629: 3613: 3450:

Frank Mann: ex-cavalry soldier and civilian packer. Killed in Reno battle

3348: 3224: 3080: 3054: 2868: 2856: 2764: 2711:

on his investigative tour of the battlefield, circa 1907. Left to right:

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with striking the blow that knocked Custer off his horse before he died.

1457: 1413: 1214: 1181: 1126: 979: 955: 887: 770: 766: 724: 708: 667: 633: 626: 618: 283: 273: 226: 198: 9662: 9005:

Custer's Last Campaign: Mitch Boyer and the Little Bighorn Reconstructed

4232:) realizing to his horror that he and his command are "being wiped out." 3720:. Metal cartridge weapons were prized by native combatants, such as the 3432: 2567:

The 7th Cavalry was accompanied by a number of scouts and interpreters:

1698:

and leaving the trail of expended cartridges discovered 50 years later.

996:, which was loaded with 200 tons of supplies from Fort Abraham Lincoln. 986:

to set up a supply depot and joined Terry on May 29 at the mouth of the

12036: 11993: 11722: 11670: 11623: 11536: 11321: 11291: 11281: 11153: 11133: 11088: 10850: 10735: 10612: 10245: 9560: 8841:"Prisoners in the Indian Camp: Kill Eagle's Band at the Little Bighorn" 8549:"Kansas Historical Quarterly – The Pictorial Record of the Old West, 4" 8243:

The Autobiography of Frank Tarbeaux, as Told to Donald Henderson Clarke

8119:. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. pp. 353–357, 413. 4236: 4063: 3797: 3526: 3518: 2933: 2836: 2712: 2685: 2649:

Peter Jackson: half-Pikuni and half Blackfoot brother of William, scout

2604: 2524: 2412: 2054: 1905: 1641: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1582: 1048: 1006: 899: 751: 8323:

The case for a Custer Battalion survivor: Private Gustave Korn’s story

5220:"The 7th U.S. Cavalry Regiment Fought in Battle of the Little Bighorn" 5160:"A 7th Cavalry survivor's account of the Battle of the Little Bighorn" 3857:

The breechloader design patent for the Springfield's Erskine S. Allin

2841:

Minneconjou: Chief Hump, Black Moon, Red Horse, Makes Room, Looks Up,

1970:

article was dated July 2—a full week after the massacre. Full text is

1606: 12379: 12130: 12041: 11879: 11498: 11336: 11113: 11083: 11058: 10956: 10920: 10627: 10511: 10420: 10390: 10385: 10365: 10205: 10170: 9081:

Hokahey! A Good Day to Die! The Indian Casualties of the Custer Fight

6342:"Last of the Argonauts: The Life and Services of Capt. Grant Marsh," 3787: 2929: 2911: 2876: 2842: 2813: 2673: 2556: 2520: 2504: 2465: 2429: 2379: 2108: 2037: 1590: 1521:— Reported words of Lieutenant Colonel Custer at the battle's outset. 1439: 910:'s column of ten companies (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, I, L, and M) of the 838: 825: 720: 249: 9961: 6185:

Nichols, Ronald H. (ed) (2007) p. 417, 419. "Reno Court of Inquiry,

1616: 1229: 30:"Custer's Last Stand" redirects here. For the 1936 film serial, see 11103: 10996: 10890: 10597: 10440: 10435: 10345: 10215: 10210: 10160: 10120: 10105: 10075: 10050: 10040: 9781: 7054:"A Complete scanned transcript of the Reno Court of Inquiry (RCOI)" 6599: 6038:

I fought with Custer by Charles Windolph, Frazier Hunt, Robert Hunt

4400: 4391:

were semi-nomadic peoples and had no permanent settlements off the

3780:

or "long knives" were not carried by troopers upon Custer's order.

2937: 2907:

Lower Yanktonai: Thunder Bear, Medicine Cloud, Iron Bear, Long Tree

2829: 2610:

Goose: Arikara scout (wounded in the hand by a 7th Cavalry trooper)

2399: 1729:, battalion leader of Companies D, H and K, on the 18th day of the 1298: 863: 822: 793: 8514:(Nachdr. ed.). Helena, Mont.: Historical Soc. Press. p. 7082:(Kindle Location 5870). Little, Brown and Company. Kindle Edition. 7018:

Frontier Regulars: The United States Army and the Indian 1866–1890

4954:. Vol. II. Washington, pp. 1008–1011. Treaty with the Crows, 1868. 2914:, Sounds-the-Ground-as-He-Walks, White Eagle, White Tracking Earth 2622:, leader of Crow Scouts, also known as Paints Half His Face Yellow 2507:, Sounds-the-Ground-as-He-Walks, White Eagle, White Tracking Earth 1981: 1733:

gave his observations on the Custer battlefield on June 27, 1876:

1171: 878: 12561: 11658: 10355: 10315: 10270: 10265: 10235: 10195: 10125: 10095: 10070: 10025: 10020: 8686: 8432:

National Park Service website for the Little Bighorn Battlefield.

5027:

From the Heart of the Crow Country. The Crow Indians' Own Stories

4792:

From the Heart of the Crow Country: The Crow Indians' Own Stories

4740:

From the Heart of the Crow Country: The Crow Indians' Own Stories

4574:

and returned to Fort Abraham Lincoln to be nursed back to health.

4404: 2965: 2551: 2080: 1175:

A Cheyenne artist's depiction of the Battle of the Little Bighorn

1129:(A, G, and M) and three were placed under the command of Captain 1073: 1010: 895: 867: 847: 671: 582: 182: 9642:(Harold G. Andersen Library, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater) 8627:

Hollywood's Indian: The Portrayal of the Native American in Film

7994:

http://custersbugler.blogspot.com/2012/12/young-john-martin.html

6457:"Indian War / Gen. Gibbons Letter Relating to Terrible Massacre" 5726:"Confirmed by one of his surviving Arikara scouts, Little Sioux" 2358: 681:

varied in the immediate aftermath of the battle. Custer's widow

11907: 10370: 10255: 10165: 10140: 10135: 10060: 10015: 9543:

Map of Battle of Little Bighorn, Part VII. Custer's Last Stand.

8025:. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 490. 6132:, Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1985, p. 158 6069:"White Cow Bull's Story of the Battle of the Little Bighorn #1" 5901: 4810:

Archaeological Perspectives on the Battle of the Little Bighorn

4137:, which was distributed as a print to saloons all over America. 2972:

Arapahoes: Waterman, Sage, Left Hand, Yellow Eagle, Little Bird

2860: 2739:

Curley, Custer's Crow scout and interpreter through the battle.

2453: 1682: 1294: 1065: 715:

area. On the way he noted that the Crow hunted buffalo on the "

9024:

Men with Custer: Biographies of the 7th Cavalry: June 25, 1876

8052:. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. p. 5. 4010:

The site of the battle was first preserved as a United States

3911:) who had left that column before the battle; one Crow scout, 3752: 2559:, a Northern Cheyenne leader, interceded to save their lives. 1856: 11727: 11128: 10260: 10220: 10115: 10065: 9576: 4396: 2208:, 2nd Lt. Benjamin Hodgson (killed) as Adjutant to Major Reno 2008:, the boat's captain, and army officers. Marsh converted the 1742: 1719: 9378:

The Lance and the Shield: the life and times of Sitting Bull

8332: 6758:

Ernie Lapointe Family Oral History of Little Big Horn Battle

5545:

My Life on the Plains: Or, Personal Experiences with Indians

10100: 9555: 8183:

Sole Survivor: An Examination of the Frank Finkel Narrative

7942:

exaggeration. Private Daniel Newall mentioned the problem".

6986:

Records of Living Officers of the United States Army (1884)

6475:"Massacre of Our Troops / Five Companies Killed by Indians" 6449: 6290:

Scott, Douglas D.; Willey, P.; Connor, Melissa A. (2013) .

6012:

Martin J. Kidston, "Northern Cheyenne break vow of silence"

5586: 5584: 4046:

Defense Site and seven on the Little Bighorn Battlefield).

1738: 1161: 9579:– site for traditional scholarship with sources and videos 9400:(Revised ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 9358:

To Hell with Honor, General Custer and the Little Big Horn

9331:"Context Delicti: Archaeological Context in Forensic Work" 6355:"Grant Marsh Tells of his Part in the Custer Expedition," 5753:"Little Sioux's Story of the Battle of the Little Bighorn" 5394:

Charles Windolph, Frazier Hunt, Robert Hunt, Neil Mangum,

4538:"Custer refused Terry's offer of the Gatling gun battery." 3869:

Malfunction of the Springfield carbine extractor mechanism

3756:

Colt Single Action Army, serial No 5773 7th Cavalry issued

2123:

and continue to insist on their right to occupy the land.

648:). The U.S. 7th Cavalry, a force of 700 men, commanded by 9464:

Custer: The Controversial Life of George Armstrong Custer

8968:

Scalp Dance: Indian Warfare on the High Plains, 1865–1879

8740: 8213:

The Frank Finkel Hoax: No Survivor of Custer's Last Stand

7161:

Custer: The Controversial Life of George Armstrong Custer

7148:

Scalp Dance: Indian Warfare on the High Plains, 1865–1879

6264:

Gregory Michno, Lakota Noon, Mountain Press, 1997, p. 254

6255:

Gregory Michno, Lakota Noon, Mountain Press, 1997, p. 179

6246:

Gregory Michno, Lakota Noon, Mountain Press, 1997, p. 252

6237:

Gregory Michno, Lakota Noon, Mountain Press, 1997, p. 177

5779:

Scalp Dance: Indian Warfare on the High Plains, 1865–1879

4348:

List of battles won by Indigenous peoples of the Americas

4279: 1326: 890:'s column of six companies (A, B, E, H, I, and K) of the 573:, was an armed engagement between combined forces of the 9335:

Forensic Taphonomy: The Postmortem Fate of Human Remains

8225: 7632:

holding their fire until they were at very close range".

5581: 3736:

ammunition." Custer's highly regarded guide, "Lonesome"

617:, as well as in reaction to white encroachment into the 9570: 9501:

Account of Custer's fight on Little Bighorn, MSS SC 860

6927:"He Dog's Story of the Battle of the Little Bighorn #2" 6141:

Graham, Benteen letter to Capt. R. E. Thompson, p. 211.

5837: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5823: 5810: 5808: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5800: 3814:

Model 1873 / 1884 Springfield carbine and the U.S. Army

2852:

Sans Arc: Spotted Eagle, Red Bear, Long Road, Cloud Man

2342: 9735: 9043:

Custer in '76: Walter Camp's notes on the Custer Fight

8398:

Son of the Morning Star: Custer and the Little Bighorn

8198:

No Custer Survivors: Or, The Unveiling of Frank Finkel

7673: 7671: 6652: 6650: 2541:: Waterman, Sage, Left Hand, Yellow Eagle, Little Bird 837:, the long-standing ceremonial tradition known as the 8956:. Custer Association of Great Britain. Archived from 7999: 7358:

taken on his , and it had been nothing but trouble."

6624: 6622: 5925: 5923: 3692:

rifles were capable of higher rates of fire than the

3688:

Henry rifle and a Winchester Model 1866 rifle. These

3433:

Civilians killed (armed and embedded within the Army)

2691:

William Jackson: half-Pikuni and half Blackfoot scout

9635:

Custer Battlefield Historical and Museum Association

9311:

A Good Year to Die: the story of the great Sioux war

9181:

Custer's Fall: The Native American Side of the Story

Lakota Noon, the Indian narrative of Custer's defeat

5820: 5797: 5623:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 222. 5595:. Norman: University of Nebraska Press. p. 360. 5435: 5433: 4806: 4370:

Capt. Sheridan (Company L), the brother of Lt. Gen.

3798:

Lever-action repeaters vs. single-shot breechloaders

3597:

overwhelming numerical superiority of the warriors.

3468: 2497:: Thunder Bear, Medicine Cloud, Iron Bear, Long Tree 1355:

He ordered his troopers to dismount and deploy in a

698: 9590:

An Eyewitness Account by the Lakota Chief Red Horse

8822:

Little Big Horn: Autopsie d'une bataille légendaire

8230:(1st ed.). San Antonio, Texas: Naylor Company. 8170:. Omaha, Nebraska: Citizen Printing Co. p. 20. 7668: 6647: 6368: 5781:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1997. p. 242. 5408: 5406: 5404: 4313:In October 2024, a new book will be released named 3441:: brother of George and Thomas, forager for the 7th 2828:, Moving Robe Women, Spotted Horn Bull, Iron Hawk, 2767:

visiting the Little Bighorn battlefield, circa 1913

1836:, and strung out towards the Little Bighorn River. 1607:

Other views of Custer's actions at Minneconjou Ford

1407:had failed to follow orders. Around 5:00 pm, Capt. 391: 9528:Map of Battle of Little Bighorn, Part IV. Indians. 9439: 9416: 9267: 9143:Little Bighorn: Winning the Battle, Losing the War 9022:Hammer, Kenneth (2000). Nichols, Ronald H. (ed.). 8777: 8630:. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 121–136. 8093: 6619: 6369:Brust, J. S.; Pohanka, B. C.; Barnard, S. (2005). 5920: 4983:Contributions to the Historical Society of Montana 4677:Stands In Timber, John and Margot Liberty (1972): 4395:(aka "Agencies). A "village" was a collection of 784:The battlefield is known as "Greasy Grass" to the 9597:by Tantanka Iyotake (Lakota Chief Sitting Bull), 9293:. World History Series. San Diego: Lucent Books. 8617: 6824:"Indian Casualties of the Little Big Horn Battle" 6467: 6289: 6285: 6283: 6281: 6279: 5430: 4202:from the fifth season of the American television 2985:, 7th United States Cavalry Regiment, commanding 1547:Custer's route over battlefield, as theorized by 1230:Role of Indian noncombatants in Custer's strategy 758:, a number of them resisted, sometimes fiercely. 12628: 9164:. Missoula, Montana: Mountain Press Publishing. 8784:. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. 7090: 7088: 5401: 4880:Wood, Raymond W. and Thomas D. Thiessen (1987): 4160:opened in movie theaters in the U.S., featuring 3332: 1374: 1293:on June 17, 1876. The Indians had left a single 1149:With an impending sense of doom, the Crow scout 990:. They were later joined there by the steamboat 9628:Muster Rolls of 7th U.S. Cavalry, June 25, 1876 8870:A Terrible Glory: Custer and the Little Bighorn 8174: 8159: 6874:"Medal of Honor Recipients: Indian Wars Period" 6359:p. 1, January 23, 1906, Bismarck, North Dakota. 4091:US Casualty Marker Battle of the Little Bighorn 3459:Charles Reynolds, ex-soldier and civilian guide 2442:: Spotted Eagle, Red Bear, Long Road, Cloud Man 950:'s immediate command, Companies C and G of the 593:. It took place on June 25–26, 1876, along the 9100:Custer and the Little Bighorn: An Encyclopedia 8204: 7245: 6276: 4282:presented a one-hour drama-documentary titled 4118:Cultural depictions of George Armstrong Custer 2562: 873: 150:Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho victory 9977: 9721: 9518:Custer Battlefield Museum, Garryowen, Montana 8988:The Custer Myth: A Source Book for Custeriana 8278:The Old Wild West: Adventures of Arizona Bill 8228:The Old Wild West: Adventures of Arizona Bill 7150:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, p. 233. 7085: 6878:United States Army Center of Military History 6656: 6387:. Western Parks Association. 2004. p. 6. 6329: 6327: 5871: 5869: 5867: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5859: 5548:. New York: Sheldon and Company. p. 220. 5469:Archaeology, History and Custer's Last Battle 5340:. University of Nebraska Press. p. 243. 4919: 4802: 4800: 3502: 3489: 3365:bravery of soldiers who fought to the death. 1674:(known in English as Curley) and the trooper 1557:Edward S. Curtis's The North American Indian, 1498: 1332:A: Custer B: Reno C: Benteen D: Yates E: Weir 902:in western Montana on March 30 to patrol the 434: 9556:Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument 9437: 9246:Last Stand!: Famous Battles Against the Odds 9203:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 8265:. Custer, South Dakota: Ed Ryan. p. 89. 8045: 7963:Archeology, History and Custer's Last Battle 7248:"Buffalo Bill's Skirmish At Warbonnet Creek" 6893: 6891: 6005: 5986: 5984: 5952:Sun Bear, "A Cheyenne Old Man", in Marquis, 5505: 5398:, University of Nebraska Press, 1987, p. 86. 5074: 5072: 5070: 4031:Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument 4006:Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument 3324:Indians leaving the Battlefield Plate XLVIII 1817: 1166: 914:, five companies (A, B, D, E, and I) of the 773:and Crow warriors would fight in the nearby 688:Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument 9329:Scott, Douglas D.; Connor, Melissa (1997). 9328: 8775: 8650: 7230:A Complete Life of General George A. Custer 6924: 6373:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 57. 6273:GSklenar, Larry, To Hell with Honor, p. 260 6165:Custer's Fall, the Indian Side of the Story 6025:, June 28, 2005. RetrievedOctober 23, 2009. 5792:Last Stand: Famous Battles Against the Odds 5609:, Little, Brown and Company (2008). p. 267. 5520: 5490: 4975: 3999: 3394:Cavalrymen and two Indian Government scouts 3240: 2236:(killed), 2nd Lt. James G. Sturgis (killed) 999: 922:, and three companies (C, G, and H) of the 894:and four companies (F, G, H, and L) of the 448: 371:55 wounded (6 of whom later died of wounds) 9984: 9970: 9728: 9714: 9523:Map of Battle of Little Bighorn, Part III. 9064:. El Segundo, California: Upton and Sons. 8739:Link to new release - ISBN 978-1068672804 8575:"Custer's Last Stand – Artist E.S. Paxson" 6715:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6703:Two Leggings. The Making of a Crow Warrior 6441:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6412:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6400:Pretty Shield. Medicine Woman of the Crows 6346:p. 10, January 16, 1916, Sioux City, Iowa. 6324: 5992:Pretty-shield: Medicine Woman of the Crows 5856: 5561: 5559: 5557: 5555: 5535: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5445: 5388: 5081:Centennial Campaign: The Sioux War of 1876 4797: 4768:, Vol. 16, No. 1 (April 1982), pp. 25–47 . 4707:, Vo. 65, No. 2 (Sep. 1987), pp. 319–343 . 4694:, Vol. 16, No. 1 (April 1982), pp. 25–47 . 4668:, Vol. 6, No. 4 (Oct. 1975), pp. 397–410 . 3619: 1800:Custer's Last Stand by Edgar Samuel Paxson 803: 640:, and had been inspired by the visions of 541:. The Battle of the Little Bighorn is #14. 441: 427: 9953:Timeline of pre-statehood Montana history 9622:Friends Of The Little Bighorn Battlefield 9561:Friends of the Little Bighorn Battlefield 9538:Map of Battle of Little Bighorn, Part VI. 9262: 9007:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 8895:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Edwards Brothers. 8483:Friends Of The Little Bighorn Battlefield 8008:Custer Survivors 101: The Impostor Roster 7641:Donovan, 2008, p. 188 (fragment of quote) 7163:. New York: Simon & Schuster, p. 327. 6888: 6749: 6426: 6397: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6093: 5981: 5666: 5531:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 278. 5501:. Little, Brown and Company. p. 253. 5067: 4957: 4836:Red Sabbath: The Battle of Little Bighorn 4592: 2727:(Curtis's assistant and Crow interpreter) 1839: 1657:Learn how and when to remove this message 870:in a so-called "three-pronged approach". 9533:Map of Battle of Little Bighorn, Part V. 9360:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 9307: 9102:. London: McFarland & Company, Inc. 9078: 9059: 8964: 8928: 8210: 8099: 8010:(E-book). Warrior's Quill. Introduction. 7040:United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians 6982: 6731:"Count Carlo Di Rudio at Little Bighorn" 6296:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 6034: 5794:. London: Arms & Armour, 1993; p. 8. 5633: 5612: 5511: 5472:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 5266:"1876 The Battle of the Little Big Horn" 4813:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 4446:United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians 4328:Battle of the Little Bighorn reenactment 3981: 3891: 3825: 3759: 3751: 3683: 3634: 3587: 3558: 2545: 2357: 2346: 2243:(killed), 2nd Lt. William Reily (killed) 2116:United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians 1980: 1904: 1564: 1542: 1502: 1397: 1378: 1340:Movement of Major Reno's three companies 1335: 1325: 1170: 1162:Military assumptions prior to the battle 1091: 1031: 877: 544: 532: 9481: 9355: 9333:. In Haglund, W.D.; Sorg, M.H. (eds.). 9243: 9226: 8949: 8866: 8798: 8756: 8623: 8600:Fraser, Harry L. (September 15, 1926), 8391: 8275: 8180: 8165: 8020: 6951: 6700: 6678: 5750: 5723: 5552: 5526: 5496: 5442: 5119: 5083:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 4838:. Ian Allan Publishing. pp. vi–5. 4833: 3776:single-action revolver. The regulation 2981:United States Army, Lieutenant Colonel 2577:Bob Tailed Bull: Arikara scout (killed) 2131: 882:1876 US Army campaign against the Sioux 690:honors those who fought on both sides. 14: 12677:Battles of the Great Sioux War of 1876 12629: 9423:. Westminster, Maryland: Times Books. 9381:. New York: Henry Holt & Company. 9178: 9159: 9145:. New York: Chelsea House Publishers. 9140: 9116: 9040: 9021: 8985: 8971:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. 8907: 8887: 8819: 8599: 8507: 8360: 8300: 8189: 8147:from the original on December 21, 2013 8114: 8049:Glory-Hunter: A Life of General Custer 8005: 7198:from the original on December 20, 2013 6578: 6516: 6333:Gray, John C. "Custer's Last Campaign" 6090: 5541: 5170:from the original on September 6, 2008 5101:from the original on December 12, 2011 4681:. Lincoln and London. p. 170, note 13. 3679: 2707:Three of Custer's scouts accompanying 2121:refused the money subsequently offered 11747: 11563:Bibliography of the American frontier 9991: 9965: 9709: 9414: 9395: 9374: 9211: 9097: 8729:from the original on October 7, 2017. 8603:General Custer at the Little Big Horn 8373:from the original on October 25, 2012 8280:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 326. 8195: 8066:from the original on January 17, 2017 7181: 6976: 6964:from the original on October 26, 2016 6933:from the original on January 18, 2012 6906:from the original on January 24, 2008 6556: 5890: 5879:, Mountain Press, 1997, pp. 284–285. 5841: 5814: 5759:from the original on January 18, 2012 5732:from the original on January 18, 2012 5705:from the original on February 2, 2017 5679:from the original on February 2, 2017 5673:S.A. Military History Society Journal 5360: 5354: 5003: 4157:General Custer at the Little Big Horn 4111: 3639:The Gatling gun, invented in 1861 by 3456:: Custer's nephew, herder for the 7th 2325:Memorial Marker as seen from the west 2301:Memorial Marker as seen from the east 422: 11619:Cuisine of the Western United States 9460: 9438:Welch, James; Stekler, Paul (1994). 9288: 9062:Camp, Custer and the Little Big Horn 9002: 8606:(Drama, Western), Sunset Productions 8307:. New York: Vanguard Press. p. 8260: 7258:from the original on October 1, 2012 7111:. New York: HarperPerennial, p. 257. 6884:from the original on August 3, 2013. 6603:. September 29, 1991. Archived from 6216: 5853:John Keegan, The American Civil War. 5618: 5590: 5412: 5332: 5212: 5097:. Steamboats.com. January 30, 1914. 5095:"Virtual Online Steamboat Museum at" 5078: 5042:, 1992, University of Nebraska Press 4655:. Vol. 2. Washington, pp. 1008–1011. 4315:The Ballad of Thomas Patrick Downing 4246:buried, it's how they remember you". 3899:wearing the US Army uniform, c. 1904 3129:Company H: Captain Frederick Benteen 3017:Lieutenant Colonel George A. Custer 2631:Little Brave: Arikara scout (killed) 2511:Black Powder (Sioux Firearms trader) 2343:Native American leaders and warriors 1745:, until the last man was killed ... 1639:adding citations to reliable sources 1610: 9045:. Provo: Brigham Young University. 8838: 8761:. Terre Haute, Indiana: AST Press. 8453:from the original on April 13, 2015 8304:The Autobiography of Frank Tarbeaux 8141:"Charles Kuhlman Papers, 1896–1959" 8084: 7043:(Ct. Cl. 1979), 601 F.2d 1157, 1161 6897: 6836:from the original on April 3, 2016. 6316:: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors ( 6187:In The Case of Major Marcus A. Reno 5465: 4910:. Vol. II. Washington, pp. 594–596. 2990:7th United States Cavalry regiment 2250:(killed), 2nd Lt. George D. Wallace 1452:sometimes conflicting and unclear. 24: 11355:Confederate Gulch and Diamond City 9736:Native American battles in Montana 9467:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 9337:. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 8555:from the original on July 29, 2010 8276:Gardner, Raymond Hatfield (2009). 8185:. North Plains Press. p. 128. 8046:Van de Water, Frederic F. (1988). 7060:from the original on April 6, 2012 6958:indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com 6821: 6705:. Lincoln and London. p. 185. 6402:. Lincoln and London. p. 243. 5908:from the original on June 12, 2017 5641:. Belle Fource Bee. Archived from 4781:. Lincoln and London. pp. 112–114. 3887: 3546: 3415:Cavalrymen and dead cavalry horses 2772: 2184:2nd in command of Scouts: 2nd Lt. 2181:(detached from A Company, wounded) 27:1876 battle of the Great Sioux War 25: 12723: 11603:Timeline of the American Old West 9494: 9308:Robinson, Charles M. III (1995). 8929:Flaherty, Thomas H., ed. (1993). 8301:Clarke, Donald Henderson (1930). 8226:Raymond Hatfield Gardner (1944). 8143:. University of Montana Library. 7232:(1876), noted in Donovan (2008). 6983:Hamersly, Lewis Randolph (1883). 6902:. Friends of the Little Bighorn. 6812:. NY, Bonanza Books, 1953, p. 60. 6485:from the original on May 17, 2019 6108:The North American Indian. Vol. 3 5542:Custer, George Armstrong (1874). 4952:Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties 4908:Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties 4653:Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties 4272:Age of Empires III: The Warchiefs 3537: 3469:Reconstitution of the 7th Cavalry 1430: 1115: 1017:'s Southern Cheyenne camp on the 918:, two companies (D and F) of the 699:Battlefield and surrounding areas 12611: 12610: 9699:Cyclorama of Custer's Last Stand 9650:L. Tom Perry Special Collections 9505:L. Tom Perry Special Collections 9291:The Battle or the Little Bighorn 9227:Nichols, Ronald H., ed. (1996). 9183:. University of Nebraska Press. 9083:. University of Nebraska Press. 8986:Graham, Col. William A. (1953). 8759:Digging into Custer's Last Stand 8733: 8715: 8692: 8669: 8644: 8593: 8567: 8541: 8532: 8508:Rankin, Charles E., ed. (1997). 8501: 8488: 8465: 8435: 8426: 8385: 8354: 8315: 8294: 8269: 8254: 8246:. Vanguard Press. 1930. p. 8234: 8219: 8133: 8108: 8078: 8039: 8014: 7987: 7978: 7968: 7955: 7945: 7935: 7925: 7915: 7906: 7897: 7888: 7878: 7869: 7860: 7851: 7842: 7832: 7823: 7814: 7804: 7794: 7784: 7775: 7766: 7757: 7747: 7737: 7728: 7719: 7710: 7700: 7690: 7680: 7658: 7635: 7625: 7615: 7605: 7592: 7583: 7574: 7564: 7549: 7540: 7531: 7522: 7513: 7504: 7495: 7485: 7475: 7465: 7455: 7446: 7437: 7427: 7418: 7409: 7400: 7390: 7380: 7371: 7361: 7351: 7342: 7333: 7324: 7315: 7306: 7297: 7288: 7279: 7270: 7246:Robert B.Smith (June 12, 2006). 7239: 7223: 7210: 7175: 7166: 7153: 7140: 7127: 7114: 7101: 7072: 7046: 7032: 7023: 7010: 6945: 6918: 6866: 6840: 6815: 6802: 6789: 6776: 6723: 6694: 6672: 6587: 6572: 6550: 6510: 6497: 6429:Plenty Coups. Chief of the Crows 6420: 6391: 6377: 6362: 6349: 6336: 5994:. University of Nebraska Press. 5965:She Watched Custer's Last Battle 5222:. HistoryNet.com. Archived from 4926:Encyclopedia of the Great Plains 4621:"The Battle of the Greasy Grass" 4564: 4554: 4545: 4532: 4523: 4514: 4505: 4491: 4469: 4455: 4438: 4429: 4420: 4096: 4084: 4072: 4055: 3907:and several troopers (including 3850:Winchester, Henry and Spencer." 3831:Tomahawk and sabre; or even odds 3747: 3728:lever-action rifles, as well as 3608:extravaganzas hosted by showman 3532: 3420: 3408: 3399: 3387: 3378: 3317: 3305: 3293: 3284: 3275: 3263: 3103:Company M: Captain Thomas French 2845:, Dog-with-Horn, Dog Back Bone, 2756: 2744: 2732: 2700: 2667:Strikes The Lodge: Arikara scout 2432:, Dog-with-Horn, Dog Back Bone, 2398:, Spotted Horn Bull, Iron Hawk, 2330: 2318: 2306: 2294: 2079: 2064: 1956: 1944: 1867: 1855: 1805: 1793: 1773: 1761: 1718:" with lances, coup sticks, and 1615: 1491:Cheyenne oral tradition credits 1438: 1321: 810: 390: 383: 65:The Battle of Little Bighorn by 58: 11259:First transcontinental railroad 8914:. University of Chicago Press. 8805:. New York: North Point Press. 8577:. Home1.gte.net. Archived from 8361:Shanks, Jenny (June 26, 2007). 8327:The Magazine of Western History 6925:Running Dog (August 19, 1920). 6733:. Derudio.co.uk. Archived from 6385:Reno-Benteen Entrenchment Trail 6267: 6258: 6249: 6240: 6231: 6210: 6201: 6192: 6179: 6170: 6157: 6144: 6135: 6122: 6081: 6062: 6028: 5972: 5932: 5847: 5784: 5771: 5744: 5717: 5691: 5667:Murchison, R. (November 1973). 5660: 5627: 5599: 5421: 5379: 5365:. US: Bison Books. p. 30. 5326: 5313: 5293: 5280: 5258: 5248:, Viking, 2010, pp. 102, 106, e 5238: 5191: 5182: 5152: 5126:The Journal of Military History 5113: 5087: 5045: 5032: 5019: 4997: 4988: 4966: 4944: 4913: 4900: 4887: 4874: 4863: 4852: 4827: 4784: 4771: 4758: 4745: 4732: 4705:The Journal of American History 4410: 4382: 4364: 2688:: Crow Scout (severely wounded) 2574:: Arikara/Lakota scout (killed) 2362:Marker stone on the battlefield 2126: 2074:Edward Curtis Portrait (c1908). 1626:needs additional citations for 1553:Northwestern University Library 1468:Several days after the battle, 1402:Reno–Benteen defensive position 1386:, a scout in the American army. 1036:7th Cavalry Regiment Troop "I" 934:on May 29, marching toward the 12667:Battles involving the Cheyenne 9571:The Little Big Horn Associates 8662:). Level/area: The Wild West. 8215:. Old Scout Books. p. 32. 8200:. WJBM Associates. p. 16. 8102:I Survived Custer's Last Stand 8089:. Old Army Press. p. 121. 7602:were effective to 1000 yards." 7098:, (Kindle Locations 3080–3086) 6579:Hansen, Joseph Mills (1946) . 6431:. Lincoln/London. p. 177. 5164:Conversations with Crazy Horse 5025:Medicine Crow, Joseph (1992): 4790:Medicine Crow, Joseph (1992): 4738:Medicine Crow, Joseph (1992): 4723: 4710: 4697: 4684: 4671: 4658: 4645: 4613: 4586: 4199:The 7th Is Made Up of Phantoms 3909:John Martin (Giovanni Martino) 3341: 2288:M Company: Capt. Thomas French 1276: 854:, the spiritual leader of the 569:, and commonly referred to as 13: 1: 12662:Battles involving the Arapaho 9682:Verdict at the Little Bighorn 9588:The Battle of Little Bighorn: 9248:. London: Arms & Armour. 9060:Hardorff, R. G., ed. (1997). 9041:Hammer, Kenneth, ed. (1976). 8935:. New York: Time-Life Books. 8749: 8723:"The War for the Black Hills" 8551:. Kansas Historical Society. 8211:Nunnally, Michael L. (2008). 8100:Nunnally, Michael L. (2005). 7056:. Digicoll.library.wisc.edu. 6503:"The Little Horn Massacre", 5512:Robinson, Charles M. (1995). 4755:. Lincoln and London. p. 132. 4452:if just compensation is paid. 4170:They Died with Their Boots On 3355:In 1878, the army awarded 24 3333:Native American noncombatants 3235: 2955:, Crooked Nose, Noisy Walking 2535:, Crooked Nose, Noisy Walking 2137:Commanding Officer: Lt. Col. 1812:Keogh Battlefield Marker 1879 1701: 1375:Reno and Benteen on Reno Hill 693: 670:Indian scouts and at least 2 539:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851) 337: 12637:Battle of the Little Bighorn 11434:Battle of the Little Bighorn 9607:of the Reno Court of Inquiry 8824:. Parçay-sur-Vienne: Anovi. 8181:Ellison, Douglas W. (1983). 7236:(Kindle Locations 6222–6223) 7159:Wert, Jeffry D. (1964/1996) 6427:Linderman, Frank B. (1962). 6398:Linderman, Frank B. (1974). 5516:. Random House. p. 257. 4950:Kappler, Charles J. (1904): 4906:Kappler, Charles J. (1904): 4893:Hoxie, Frederick E. (1995): 4716:Hoxie, Frederick E. (1995): 4666:Western Historical Quarterly 4595:"The Battle of Greasy Grass" 4580: 4488:(Kindle Locations 6395–6403) 4358: 4289:The May 2011 episode of the 3132:Company K: First Lieutenant 3094:Company G: First Lieutenant 3062:Company L: First Lieutenant 3035:Company E: First Lieutenant 2849:, Feather Earring, Flying By 2640:: scout/interpreter (killed) 2550:Modern-day accounts include 2513:: Black Powder, Johann Smidt 2436:, Feather Earring, Flying By 2402:, Bull Head, Chasing Eagle, 1900: 1330:Movements of the 7th Cavalry 555:Battle of the Little Bighorn 134:The Battle of Little BigHorn 45:Battle of the Little Bighorn 7: 12672:Battles involving the Sioux 11459:First Battle of Adobe Walls 11403:Long Branch Saloon gunfight 11398:Gunfight at the O.K. Corral 9160:Michno, Gregory F. (1994). 9141:Lawson, Michael L. (2007). 8990:. New York: Bonanza Books. 8776:Brininstool, E. A. (1994). 8485:, retrieved April 24, 2010. 6481:. July 6, 1876. p. 1. 5947:A Warrior Who Fought Custer 5621:Crazy Horse – A Lakota Life 4884:. Norman and London, p. 184 4766:Journal of American Studies 4692:Journal of American Studies 4651:Kappler, Charles J (1904): 4461:Major Elmer I. Otis of the 4321: 2893:Two Kettles: Runs-the-Enemy 2661:Sitting Bear: Arikara scout 2658:Running Wolf: Arikara scout 2634:Little Sioux: Arikara scout 2595:Curling Head: Arikara scout 2563:Notable scouts/interpreters 2409:Sihasapa (Blackfoot Lakota) 874:1876 U.S. military campaign 398:Little Big Horn Battlefield 10: 12728: 11214:Great Western Cattle Trail 9314:. New York: Random House. 9179:Miller, David, H. (1985). 8953:Guns at the Little Bighorn 8477:November 23, 2010, at the 8342:. The Big Horn Searchlight 8021:Stewart, Edgar I. (1980). 7348:Donovan, 2008, pp. 162–63: 6463:. July 6, 1876. p. 3. 6115:February 23, 2016, at the 6035:Windolph, Charles (1987). 5898:"Battle of Little Bighorn" 5619:Bray, Kingsley M. (2006). 5120:Carroll, James T. (2007). 4777:Dunlay, Thomas W. (1982). 4751:Dunlay, Thomas W. (1982). 4482:Department of the Interior 4115: 4003: 3674: 3509:Seizure of the Black Hills 3506: 3490:Expansion of the U.S. Army 2832:, Bull Head, Chasing Eagle 2670:Strikes Two: Arikara scout 2643:One Feather: Arikara scout 1909:The shallow-draft steamer 1499:Custer at Minneconjou Ford 1156: 1051:, having been recalled to 567:Battle of the Greasy Grass 29: 12647:1876 in the United States 12642:1876 in Montana Territory 12606: 12575: 12542: 12524: 12476: 12423: 12355: 12282: 12254: 12201: 12143: 12111: 12068: 12050: 12027: 11979: 11926: 11893: 11845: 11792: 11754: 11743: 11611: 11550: 11497: 11416: 11373: 11335: 11302:Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine 11267: 11174: 11124:Rocky Mountain Rendezvous 11039: 10929: 10846:Frederick Russell Burnham 10836: 10686: 10580: 10449: 10286: 10279: 10006: 9999: 9950: 9923: 9792: 9741: 9687:February 4, 2017, at the 9482:Winkler, Albert. (2017). 9415:Viola, Herman J. (1999). 9396:Utley, Robert M. (2001). 9375:Utley, Robert M. (1993). 8965:Goodrich, Thomas (1997). 8873:. Little, Brown, and Co. 8839:Dickson, Ephriam D. III. 8799:Connell, Evan S. (1984). 8681:November 2, 2016, at the 8166:Kuhlman, Charles (1968). 8006:Harris, Ethan E. (2012). 7857:Robinson, 1995, p. xxviii 7339:Sklenar, 2000, pp. 71, 75 7252:American History Magazine 7146:Goodrich, Thomas (1984). 7107:Connell, Evan S. (1997). 6952:leeanne (June 24, 2016). 6660:; Steckler, Paul (1994). 6163:Miller, David Humphreys, 6128:Miller, David Humphreys, 6023:Helena Independent Record 5527:Connell, Evan S. (1997). 5361:Viola, Herman J. (2001). 4742:. New York. pp. 64–5, 84. 4426:Testimony of Yellow Nose. 4164:with John Beck as Custer. 3463: 3000: 2992: 2989: 2793: 2785: 2782: 2694:Young Hawk: Arikara scout 2188:(detached from K Company) 2177:Chief of Scouts: 2nd Lt. 2171:Acting Assistant Surgeon 2164:Acting Assistant Surgeon 1818:Custer's final resistance 1437: 1316: 1167:Number of Indian warriors 1040:recovered at the camp of 705:François Antoine Larocque 460: 378: 344: 340:700 cavalrymen and scouts 328: 313: 212: 158: 73: 57: 49: 44: 10643:"Mysterious Dave" Mather 9658:Brigham Young University 9513:Brigham Young University 9461:Wert, Jeffry D. (1996). 9289:Rice, Earle Jr. (1998). 9079:Hardorff, R. G. (1993). 8704:October 4, 2011, at the 7020:, pp. 64 and 69 note 11. 7016:Utley, Robert M. (1973) 5954:The Cheyennes of Montana 5634:Thompson, Peter (1914). 5574:August 11, 2011, at the 5466:Fox, Richard A. (1993). 5413:Reno, Marcus A. (1951). 4834:Kershaw, Robert (2005). 4478:Bureau of Indian Affairs 4000:Battlefield preservation 3241:Native American warriors 3223:, Curley, Curling Head, 3163:Scouts and interpreters 2873:American Horse the Elder 2676:: Arikara/Cheyenne scout 2580:Boy Chief: Arikara scout 2495:Lower Yanktonai (Dakota) 2428:, Makes Room, Looks Up, 2257:, 1st Lt. Francis Gibson 1042:American Horse the Elder 1000:7th Cavalry organization 629:during the Lakota Wars. 359:10 non-combatants killed 100:Big Horn County, Montana 12697:History of South Dakota 12687:George Armstrong Custer 11444:Battle of Washita River 11429:Battle of Glorieta Pass 11307:Lost Ship of the Desert 11249:Southern Emigrant Trail 11209:Great Platte River Road 10876:George Armstrong Custer 10668:William "Bill" Tilghman 10181:Nootka (Nuu-chah-nulth) 9356:Sklenar, Larry (2000). 9244:Perrett, Bryan (1993). 8867:Donovan, James (2008). 8802:Son of the Morning Star 8757:Barnard, Sandy (1998). 8712:, Thursday 19 May 2011. 8624:Rollins, Peter (2011). 8196:Boyes, William (1977). 8085:Ege, Robert J. (2008). 7434:'hamper our movements'" 7321:Donovan, 2008, p. 175: 7109:Son of the Morning Star 7078:Donovan, James (2008). 6854:. National Park Service 6701:Nabokov, Peter (1982). 6041:. U of Nebraska Press. 5529:Son of the Morning Star 5497:Donovan, James (2008). 5303:, Viking, 2010, Ch 3, e 5063:Encyclopædia Britannica 5057:March 27, 2010, at the 5004:Sandy, John H. (2017). 4252:Son of the Morning Star 4143:completed his painting 4079:The battlefield in 2005 4062:Photo taken in 1894 by 3976:Son of the Morning Star 3924:Earl Alonzo Brininstool 3620:Gatling gun controversy 2953:Buffalo Calf Road Woman 2655:Red Star: Arikara scout 2652:Red Bear: Arikara scout 2533:Buffalo Calf Road Woman 2139:George Armstrong Custer 1493:Buffalo Calf Road Woman 1255:of Company K surmised: 1023:Battle of Washita River 962:departed westward from 948:George Armstrong Custer 804:1876 Sun Dance ceremony 763:Crow Indian Reservation 677:Public response to the 653:George Armstrong Custer 607:Great Sioux War of 1876 599:Crow Indian Reservation 452:Great Sioux War of 1876 409:Location within Montana 96:Crow Indian Reservation 52:Great Sioux War of 1876 11654:Rocky Mountain oysters 9618:Lists of participants 9584:First-person accounts 9215:The Old West: Soldiers 9003:Gray, John S. (1991). 8950:Gallear, Mark (2001). 8820:Cornut, David (2012). 8741:https://a.co/d/8RHfcaf 8263:Me and The Black Hills 8168:The Frank Finkel Story 8115:Graham, W. A. (1995). 7546:Utley, 1987, pp. 80–81 7330:Philbrick, 2010, p. 73 7137:(Kindle Location 3697) 7124:(Kindle Location 5758) 6684:Crazy Horse and Custer 6461:The Helena Independent 6017:June 28, 2010, at the 5904:. September 12, 2013. 5593:Custer's Last Campaign 5591:Gray, John S. (1991). 5565:Godfrey, E. S. (1892) 5338:Custer's Last Campaign 5299:Philbrick, Nathaniel, 5244:Philbrick, Nathaniel, 5079:Gray, John S. (1988). 4435:Reno Court of Inquiry. 4333:Battle of Powder River 3997: 3990: 3963: 3900: 3838: 3772:carbine, and the 1873 3770:Springfield Model 1873 3765: 3757: 3718:Springfield Model 1861 3699: 3644: 3626:3-inch ordnance rifles 3602:Elizabeth Bacon Custer 3573:Black Hills Expedition 3567: 3147:Edward Gustave Mathey 2664:Soldier: Arikara scout 2628:: interpreter (killed) 2363: 2355: 2313:Memorial Marker plaque 2217:Henry Moore Harrington 2025:Elizabeth Bacon Custer 1994: 1989:, step-grandfather of 1920: 1840:Last break-out attempt 1755: 1712:David Humphreys Miller 1589:, and then again with 1570: 1562: 1518: 1508: 1403: 1387: 1341: 1333: 1262: 1249: 1176: 1068:immigrants (primarily 1044: 883: 741:Treaty of Fort Laramie 550: 542: 213:Commanders and leaders 123:45.56500°N 107.42889°W 67:Charles Marion Russell 11489:Wounded Knee Massacre 11439:Battle of San Jacinto 11408:Variety Hall shootout 11383:Battle of Coffeyville 11365:Pike's Peak Gold Rush 11345:Black Hills Gold Rush 11022:Thomas William Sweeny 10886:Samuel P. Heintzelman 10663:John Horton Slaughter 10557:Richens Lacey Wootton 10091:Five Civilized Tribes 9693:The American Surveyor 9668:May 27, 2013, at the 9663:"Custer's Last Stand" 9654:Harold B. Lee Library 9552:Battle field related 9509:Harold B. Lee Library 9229:Reno Court of Inquiry 9212:Nevin, David (1973). 8960:on September 8, 2006. 8908:Elliot, M.A. (2007). 8689:, Friday 23 Feb 2007. 8654:(September 2, 1994). 8321:Winkler, A. (2013). " 7294:Connell, 1984, p. 101 6898:Liberty, Dr. Margot. 6630:"Custer's Last Stand" 6595:"The Custer Syndrome" 6207:Nichols (2007) p. 419 6074:May 11, 2008, at the 5990:Linderman, F. (1932) 5636:"Custer's Last Fight" 5138:10.1353/jmh.2007.0179 5038:Hutton, Paul Andrew, 4601:. Library of Congress 4226:film of the same name 4023:National Park Service 3992: 3985: 3958: 3895: 3829: 3763: 3755: 3687: 3638: 3588:Admiration for Custer 3562: 3476:Little Missouri River 3362:Thomas Bailey Marquis 3134:Edward Settle Godfrey 2996:Companies and others 2546:Arapaho participation 2361: 2350: 2273:Edward Settle Godfrey 1984: 1908: 1735: 1731:Reno Court of Inquiry 1568: 1546: 1511: 1506: 1486:Edward Settle Godfrey 1401: 1382: 1366:Reno's Arikara scout 1339: 1329: 1291:Battle of the Rosebud 1257: 1244: 1240:My Life on the Plains 1174: 1110:Little Bighorn Rivers 1098:Battle of the Rosebud 1092:Battle of the Rosebud 1035: 881: 828:gathering, circa 1909 775:Battle of the Rosebud 548: 536: 353:31 (up to 100) killed 345:Casualties and losses 319:Nations of the plains 12544:Washington Territory 12284:New Mexico Territory 11649:Pacific Northwestern 11568:Cowboys and cowgirls 11350:California Gold Rush 11327:Seven Cities of Gold 11312:Montezuma's treasure 11119:One-room schoolhouse 10967:George E. Goodfellow 10861:Texas Jack Omohundro 10704:"Curly Bill" Brocius 10502:Liver-Eating Johnson 10477:Tomás Vélez Cachupín 10031:Assiniboine (Nakota) 9940:Swan Valley massacre 9446:. New York: Norton. 9264:Philbrick, Nathaniel 9098:Hatch, Thom (1997). 8780:Troopers With Custer 8581:on February 26, 2012 7697:firearm technology." 7276:Sklenar, 2000, p. 68 7182:Smith, Gene (1993). 6765:on November 21, 2017 6538:on February 28, 2014 6198:Nicols (2007) p. 417 5875:Michno, Gregory F., 5699:"Lone Tipi (marker)" 5568:Custer's Last Battle 5188:Barnard, pp. 121–36. 4720:. Cambridge, p. 106. 4259:The 1994 video game 4106:by Colleen Cutschall 3939:Medora, North Dakota 3714:Pattern 1853 Enfield 3454:Henry Armstrong Reed 3110:Benteen's Battalion 2489:Two Kettles (Lakota) 2418:Minneconjou (Lakota) 2173:Henry Rinaldo Porter 2166:James Madison DeWolf 2132:7th Cavalry officers 2104:Manypenny Commission 1635:improve this article 1302:reasons, including: 1053:Fort Abraham Lincoln 964:Fort Abraham Lincoln 703:In 1805, fur trader 595:Little Bighorn River 587:7th Cavalry Regiment 465:Cattle Herd Skirmish 406:class=notpageimage| 334:1,100–2,500 warriors 323:7th Cavalry Regiment 128:45.56500; -107.42889 92:Little Bighorn River 11532:Pleasant Valley War 11474:Sand Creek massacre 11424:Battle of the Alamo 11297:Long Tom's treasure 10992:Octaviano Larrazolo 10906:Ranald S. Mackenzie 10856:"Buffalo Bill" Cody 10567:"Old Bill" Williams 10517:William John Murphy 9825:Second Powder River 9675:American Experience 9605:Complete transcript 9126:. London: Pimlico. 8699:Custer's Last Stand 8676:Custer's Last Stand 8087:Curse Not His Curls 7312:Lawson, 2008, p. 50 7303:Lawson, 2007, p. 50 7285:Lawson, 2007, p. 48 7216:Smith, Gene (1993) 7029:House Report 95-375 6808:Graham, Col. W. A. 6680:Ambrose, Stephen E. 6534:(3). Archived from 6505:The New York Times. 6344:Sioux City Journal, 6087:Wert, 1996, p. 355. 5929:Brininstool, 60–62. 5648:on January 31, 2017 5226:on January 21, 2008 4920:Carole A. Barrett. 4897:. Cambridge, p. 66. 4306:In 2017, historian 4284:Custer's Last Stand 4249:1991 TV miniseries 4220:by American author 4179:Olivia de Havilland 4145:Custer's Last Stand 4141:Edgar Samuel Paxson 4135:Custer's Last Fight 4128:Custer's Last Rally 4016:Custer Battlefield 3835:Charles Schreyvogel 3680:Lakota and Cheyenne 3610:"Buffalo Bill" Cody 3153:Company B: Captain 3123:Company D: Captain 3088:Company A: Captain 3053:Company I: Captain 3044:Company F: Captain 3026:Company C: Captain 3015:Custer's Battalion 2986: 2928:Northern Cheyenne: 2886:Brule: Two Eagles, 2875:, Chief Long Wolf, 2835:Sihasapa: Crawler, 2779: 2725:Alexander B. Upshaw 2464:, Chief Long Wolf, 2277:L Company: 1st Lt. 2271:K Company: 1st Lt. 2246:G Company: 1st Lt. 2232:E Company: 1st Lt. 1086:St. Louis, Missouri 707:reported joining a 571:Custer's Last Stand 118: / 33:Custer's Last Stand 12692:History of Montana 12657:Battles in Montana 12357:Oklahoma Territory 11542:Sutton–Taylor feud 11522:Lincoln County War 11517:Johnson County War 11417:Military conflicts 11360:Klondike Gold Rush 11161:Westward expansion 10982:Zephaniah Kingsley 10756:John Wesley Hardin 10653:George Scarborough 10633:"Wild Bill" Hickok 10522:John Wesley Powell 9873:Little Muddy Creek 9801:First Powder River 9595:eyewitness account 8854:(May 2011): 3–11. 8725:. March 31, 2017. 6929:. Astonisher.com. 6822:Thomas, Rodney G. 6690:. pp. 451–52. 6607:on August 17, 2012 6566:Michael Joseph Ltd 6479:The New York Times 6176:Graham, pp. 45–56. 6105:Curtis, E. (1907) 5777:Goodrich, Thomas. 5755:. Astonisher.com. 5728:. Astonisher.com. 5514:A Good Year to Die 5319:Macnab, David B., 5029:. New York. p. 44. 4794:. New York. p. xi. 4593:Davis, J. (2020). 4372:Philip H. Sheridan 4353:St. Clair's Defeat 4191:Sydney Greenstreet 4112:In popular culture 3991: 3954:Theodore W. Goldin 3935:Dayton, Washington 3901: 3863:Springfield Armory 3839: 3766: 3758: 3700: 3645: 3568: 3217:(severely wounded) 3174:, Chief of Scouts 3003:Lieutenant Colonel 2980: 2879:, White Cow Bull, 2777: 2721:White Man Runs Him 2680:White Man Runs Him 2646:Owl: Arikara scout 2501:Wahpekute (Dakota) 2468:, White Cow Bull, 2364: 2356: 2283:John J. Crittenden 2281:(killed), 2nd Lt. 2264:(killed), 1st Lt. 2215:(killed), 2nd Lt. 2157:Assistant Surgeon 2150:Adjutant: 1st Lt. 1995: 1987:White Man Runs Him 1964:The New York Times 1926:White Man Runs Him 1921: 1579:White Man Runs Him 1571: 1563: 1509: 1404: 1393:American Civil War 1388: 1342: 1334: 1177: 1045: 958:detachment of the 898:marched east from 884: 723:-based fur trader 664:American Civil War 650:Lieutenant Colonel 591:United States Army 551: 543: 520:Little Muddy Creek 470:Fort Reno Skirmish 12682:Conflicts in 1876 12652:American frontier 12624: 12623: 12602: 12601: 12598: 12597: 12577:Wyoming Territory 12145:Montana Territory 11981:Florida Territory 11794:Arizona Territory 11681:Western lifestyle 11512:Earp-Clanton feud 11454:Chimayó Rebellion 11388:Battle of Lincoln 11194:Butterfield Trail 11144:Vigilante justice 11035: 11034: 10962:John Joel Glanton 10947:Jonathan R. Davis 10942:William H. Boring 10547:Trinidad Swilling 10136:Lenape (Delaware) 10061:Chippewa (Ojibwe) 9993:American frontier 9959: 9958: 9841:Prairie Dog Creek 9348:978-0-8493-9434-8 9300:978-1-56006-453-4 9281:978-0-14-242769-9 9152:978-0-7910-9347-4 8921:978-0-226-20146-7 8880:978-0-316-15578-6 8831:978-2-360351-34-3 8637:978-0-8131-3165-8 8287:978-1-104-84859-0 8261:Ryan, Ed (1951). 8059:978-0-8032-9607-7 8032:978-0-8061-1632-7 7996:Martino, survivor 7188:American Heritage 6737:on April 25, 2012 6634:sonofthesouth.net 6527:American Heritage 6357:Bismarck Tribune, 6303:978-0-8061-3507-7 6048:978-0-8032-9720-3 5961:Thomas B. Marquis 5943:Thomas B. Marquis 5486:on June 24, 2016. 5439:Donovan, loc 3699 5427:Donovan, loc 3684 5385:Donovan, loc 3576 5309:978-1-101-19011-1 5288:Editorial Galaxia 5254:978-1-101-19011-1 5040:The Custer Reader 4845:978-0-7110-3325-2 4820:978-0-8061-3292-1 4679:Cheyenne Memories 4599:In Custodia Legis 4208:The Twilight Zone 4147:in 1899. In 1963 4126:'s 1881 painting 4043:Colleen Cutschall 4018:National Monument 4012:national cemetery 3480:Samuel D. Sturgis 3233: 3232: 3207:, Bob Tailed Bull 3166:Second Lieutenant 3116:Frederick Benteen 3075:Reno's Battalion 2978: 2977: 2922:Northern Cheyenne 2783:Native Americans 2778:Native Americans 2763:Former U.S. Army 2517:Northern Cheyenne 2440:Sans Arc (Lakota) 2396:Moving Robe Woman 2372:Hunkpapa (Lakota) 2260:I Company: Capt. 2255:Frederick Benteen 2253:H Company: Capt. 2239:F Company: Capt. 2222:D Company: Capt. 2211:C Company: Capt. 2204:B Company: Capt. 2194:A Company: Capt. 2159:George Edwin Lord 2098:Ownership of the 1991:Joe Medicine Crow 1727:Frederick Benteen 1667: 1666: 1659: 1449: 1448: 1238:In Custer's book 1131:Frederick Benteen 1082:Samuel D. Sturgis 976:Yellowstone River 938:area. Brig. Gen. 932:Wyoming Territory 926:moved north from 904:Yellowstone River 796:, and most other 646:Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake 603:Montana Territory 579:Northern Cheyenne 528: 527: 480:Prairie Dog Creek 417: 416: 356:Up to 160 wounded 279:Frederick Benteen 178:Northern Cheyenne 154: 153: 16:(Redirected from 12719: 12702:June 1876 events 12614: 12613: 12425:Oregon Territory 12362:Indian Territory 11928:Dakota Territory 11752: 11751: 11745: 11744: 11644:New Mexico chile 11527:Mason County War 11484:Texas Revolution 11449:Bear Flag Revolt 11199:California Trail 11109:Manifest destiny 11041:Frontier culture 10937:John Jacob Astor 10911:Charley Reynolds 10811:Younger Brothers 10791:Joaquin Murrieta 10678:Harry C. Wheeler 10673:James Timberlake 10562:Henry Wickenburg 10507:Meriwether Lewis 10426:Touch the Clouds 10288:Native Americans 10284: 10283: 9986: 9979: 9972: 9963: 9962: 9943: 9935: 9916: 9908: 9900: 9892: 9884: 9876: 9868: 9860: 9852: 9844: 9836: 9828: 9820: 9812: 9804: 9785: 9777: 9769: 9761: 9753: 9750:Powder River War 9730: 9723: 9716: 9707: 9706: 9489: 9478: 9457: 9445: 9434: 9422: 9411: 9392: 9371: 9352: 9325: 9304: 9285: 9274:. Viking Press. 9273: 9259: 9240: 9223: 9208: 9202: 9194: 9175: 9156: 9137: 9113: 9094: 9075: 9056: 9037: 9018: 8999: 8982: 8961: 8946: 8925: 8904: 8884: 8863: 8845: 8835: 8816: 8795: 8783: 8772: 8744: 8737: 8731: 8730: 8719: 8713: 8696: 8690: 8673: 8667: 8666: 8648: 8642: 8641: 8621: 8615: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8597: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8586: 8571: 8565: 8564: 8562: 8560: 8545: 8539: 8536: 8530: 8529: 8505: 8499: 8492: 8486: 8469: 8463: 8462: 8460: 8458: 8439: 8433: 8430: 8424: 8423: 8421: 8419: 8393:Connell, Evan S. 8389: 8383: 8382: 8380: 8378: 8358: 8352: 8351: 8349: 8347: 8336: 8330: 8319: 8313: 8312: 8298: 8292: 8291: 8273: 8267: 8266: 8258: 8252: 8251: 8238: 8232: 8231: 8223: 8217: 8216: 8208: 8202: 8201: 8193: 8187: 8186: 8178: 8172: 8171: 8163: 8157: 8156: 8154: 8152: 8137: 8131: 8130: 8112: 8106: 8105: 8097: 8091: 8090: 8082: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8071: 8043: 8037: 8036: 8018: 8012: 8011: 8003: 7997: 7991: 7985: 7982: 7976: 7972: 7966: 7959: 7953: 7949: 7943: 7939: 7933: 7929: 7923: 7919: 7913: 7910: 7904: 7901: 7895: 7892: 7886: 7882: 7876: 7873: 7867: 7864: 7858: 7855: 7849: 7846: 7840: 7836: 7830: 7827: 7821: 7818: 7812: 7808: 7802: 7798: 7792: 7788: 7782: 7779: 7773: 7770: 7764: 7761: 7755: 7751: 7745: 7741: 7735: 7732: 7726: 7723: 7717: 7714: 7708: 7704: 7698: 7694: 7688: 7684: 7678: 7675: 7666: 7662: 7656: 7639: 7633: 7629: 7623: 7619: 7613: 7609: 7603: 7596: 7590: 7587: 7581: 7578: 7572: 7568: 7562: 7553: 7547: 7544: 7538: 7535: 7529: 7526: 7520: 7517: 7511: 7508: 7502: 7499: 7493: 7489: 7483: 7479: 7473: 7469: 7463: 7459: 7453: 7450: 7444: 7441: 7435: 7431: 7425: 7422: 7416: 7413: 7407: 7404: 7398: 7394: 7388: 7384: 7378: 7375: 7369: 7365: 7359: 7355: 7349: 7346: 7340: 7337: 7331: 7328: 7322: 7319: 7313: 7310: 7304: 7301: 7295: 7292: 7286: 7283: 7277: 7274: 7268: 7267: 7265: 7263: 7243: 7237: 7234:A Terrible Glory 7227: 7221: 7214: 7208: 7207: 7205: 7203: 7179: 7173: 7172:Sklenar, p. 341. 7170: 7164: 7157: 7151: 7144: 7138: 7135:A Terrible Glory 7133:Donovan (2008). 7131: 7125: 7122:A Terrible Glory 7120:Donovan (2008). 7118: 7112: 7105: 7099: 7096:A Terrible Glory 7094:Donovan (2008). 7092: 7083: 7076: 7070: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7050: 7044: 7036: 7030: 7027: 7021: 7014: 7008: 7007: 7005: 7003: 6980: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6969: 6949: 6943: 6942: 6940: 6938: 6922: 6916: 6915: 6913: 6911: 6895: 6886: 6885: 6870: 6864: 6863: 6861: 6859: 6844: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6828: 6819: 6813: 6806: 6800: 6793: 6787: 6780: 6774: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6761:, archived from 6753: 6747: 6746: 6744: 6742: 6727: 6721: 6720: 6714: 6706: 6698: 6692: 6691: 6676: 6670: 6669: 6654: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6626: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6591: 6585: 6584: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6554: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6518:Cheney, Lynne V. 6514: 6508: 6501: 6495: 6494: 6492: 6490: 6471: 6465: 6464: 6453: 6447: 6446: 6440: 6432: 6424: 6418: 6417: 6411: 6403: 6395: 6389: 6388: 6381: 6375: 6374: 6366: 6360: 6353: 6347: 6340: 6334: 6331: 6322: 6321: 6315: 6307: 6287: 6274: 6271: 6265: 6262: 6256: 6253: 6247: 6244: 6238: 6235: 6229: 6228: 6214: 6208: 6205: 6199: 6196: 6190: 6183: 6177: 6174: 6168: 6161: 6155: 6152:Gall's Narrative 6148: 6142: 6139: 6133: 6126: 6120: 6103: 6088: 6085: 6079: 6066: 6060: 6059: 6057: 6055: 6032: 6026: 6009: 6003: 5988: 5979: 5976: 5970: 5936: 5930: 5927: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5913: 5894: 5888: 5873: 5854: 5851: 5845: 5839: 5818: 5812: 5795: 5790:Perrett, Bryan. 5788: 5782: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5764: 5748: 5742: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5721: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5710: 5695: 5689: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5664: 5658: 5657: 5655: 5653: 5647: 5640: 5631: 5625: 5624: 5616: 5610: 5607:A Terrible Glory 5605:Donovan, James, 5603: 5597: 5596: 5588: 5579: 5563: 5550: 5549: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5509: 5503: 5502: 5499:A Terrible Glory 5494: 5488: 5487: 5482:. Archived from 5463: 5440: 5437: 5428: 5425: 5419: 5418: 5410: 5399: 5392: 5386: 5383: 5377: 5376: 5358: 5352: 5351: 5330: 5324: 5317: 5311: 5297: 5291: 5284: 5278: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5262: 5256: 5242: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5216: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5195: 5189: 5186: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5156: 5150: 5149: 5117: 5111: 5110: 5108: 5106: 5091: 5085: 5084: 5076: 5065: 5049: 5043: 5036: 5030: 5023: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5012: 5001: 4995: 4992: 4986: 4979: 4973: 4970: 4964: 4961: 4955: 4948: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4932:on June 26, 2013 4928:. Archived from 4917: 4911: 4904: 4898: 4891: 4885: 4878: 4872: 4867: 4861: 4856: 4850: 4849: 4831: 4825: 4824: 4804: 4795: 4788: 4782: 4775: 4769: 4762: 4756: 4749: 4743: 4736: 4730: 4727: 4721: 4714: 4708: 4701: 4695: 4688: 4682: 4675: 4669: 4662: 4656: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4633:on April 5, 2019 4629:. Archived from 4617: 4611: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4590: 4575: 4568: 4562: 4558: 4552: 4549: 4543: 4536: 4530: 4527: 4521: 4518: 4512: 4509: 4503: 4495: 4489: 4486:A Terrible Glory 4473: 4467: 4459: 4453: 4442: 4436: 4433: 4427: 4424: 4418: 4414: 4408: 4386: 4380: 4368: 4230:Richard Mulligan 4214:The 1964 novel, 4204:anthology series 4149:Harold McCracken 4100: 4088: 4076: 4059: 3897:Giovanni Martino 3778:Model 1860 saber 3738:Charley Reynolds 3503:"Sell or Starve" 3424: 3412: 3403: 3391: 3382: 3321: 3309: 3297: 3288: 3279: 3267: 3188:Charley Reynolds 3155:Thomas McDougall 3145:First Lieutenant 3006:George A. Custer 2987: 2983:George A. Custer 2979: 2888:Hollow Horn Bear 2826:Rain-in-the-Face 2796:Native Americans 2780: 2776: 2760: 2748: 2736: 2704: 2620:Half Yellow Face 2586:: scout (killed) 2584:Charley Reynolds 2491:: Runs-the-Enemy 2483:Hollow Horn Bear 2472:, Black Fox II, 2392:Rain-in-the-Face 2334: 2322: 2310: 2298: 2228:Winfield Edgerly 2206:Thomas McDougall 2152:William W. Cooke 2083: 2068: 1960: 1948: 1871: 1859: 1809: 1797: 1777: 1765: 1662: 1655: 1651: 1648: 1642: 1619: 1611: 1596:Charles Woodruff 1522: 1482: 1442: 1435: 1434: 1346:William W. Cooke 1212: 1211: 1207: 1204: 1189:Giovanni Martino 1151:Half Yellow Face 1135:Thomas McDougall 1064:, the rest were 1057:Dakota Territory 974:moved along the 968:Dakota Territory 814: 717:Small Horn River 601:in southeastern 510:Dull Knife Fight 455: 453: 443: 436: 429: 420: 419: 394: 393: 387: 339: 305: 292: 269: 261:George A. Custer 245: 142: 141: 139: 138: 137: 135: 130: 129: 124: 119: 116: 115: 114: 111: 81:June 25–26, 1876 75: 74: 62: 42: 41: 21: 12727: 12726: 12722: 12721: 12720: 12718: 12717: 12716: 12627: 12626: 12625: 12620: 12594: 12571: 12538: 12520: 12472: 12419: 12359: 12351: 12278: 12250: 12197: 12139: 12107: 12064: 12046: 12029:Idaho Territory 12023: 11975: 11922: 11889: 11841: 11788: 11739: 11634:Native American 11607: 11558:Arizona Rangers 11546: 11501: 11493: 11412: 11393:Frisco shootout 11369: 11331: 11277:Dead man's hand 11263: 11176: 11170: 11166:Wild West shows 11074:Cattle rustling 11031: 11017:Sedona Schnebly 11002:Sylvester Mowry 10925: 10916:Philip Sheridan 10866:James C. Cooney 10838: 10832: 10724:Dalton Brothers 10682: 10593:Charlie Bassett 10576: 10497:John C. Frémont 10451: 10445: 10411:Snapping Turtle 10275: 10226:Southern Paiute 10191:Pend d'Oreilles 10176:Northern Paiute 10002: 9995: 9990: 9960: 9955: 9946: 9938: 9932:Marias Massacre 9930: 9919: 9911: 9903: 9895: 9887: 9879: 9871: 9863: 9855: 9847: 9839: 9831: 9823: 9817:Honsinger Bluff 9815: 9807: 9799: 9788: 9780: 9772: 9766:Great Sioux War 9764: 9758:Red Cloud's War 9756: 9748: 9737: 9734: 9689:Wayback Machine 9670:Wayback Machine 9497: 9492: 9475: 9454: 9431: 9408: 9389: 9368: 9349: 9322: 9301: 9282: 9256: 9220:Time-Life Books 9196: 9195: 9191: 9172: 9153: 9134: 9110: 9091: 9072: 9053: 9034: 9015: 8979: 8943: 8922: 8881: 8843: 8832: 8813: 8792: 8769: 8752: 8747: 8738: 8734: 8721: 8720: 8716: 8706:Wayback Machine 8697: 8693: 8683:Wayback Machine 8674: 8670: 8649: 8645: 8638: 8622: 8618: 8609: 8607: 8598: 8594: 8584: 8582: 8573: 8572: 8568: 8558: 8556: 8547: 8546: 8542: 8537: 8533: 8526: 8506: 8502: 8493: 8489: 8479:Wayback Machine 8470: 8466: 8456: 8454: 8441: 8440: 8436: 8431: 8427: 8417: 8415: 8413: 8390: 8386: 8376: 8374: 8359: 8355: 8345: 8343: 8338: 8337: 8333: 8320: 8316: 8299: 8295: 8288: 8274: 8270: 8259: 8255: 8240: 8239: 8235: 8224: 8220: 8209: 8205: 8194: 8190: 8179: 8175: 8164: 8160: 8150: 8148: 8139: 8138: 8134: 8127: 8113: 8109: 8098: 8094: 8083: 8079: 8069: 8067: 8060: 8044: 8040: 8033: 8019: 8015: 8004: 8000: 7992: 7988: 7983: 7979: 7973: 7969: 7960: 7956: 7950: 7946: 7940: 7936: 7930: 7926: 7920: 7916: 7911: 7907: 7902: 7898: 7893: 7889: 7883: 7879: 7874: 7870: 7865: 7861: 7856: 7852: 7847: 7843: 7837: 7833: 7828: 7824: 7819: 7815: 7809: 7805: 7799: 7795: 7789: 7785: 7780: 7776: 7771: 7767: 7762: 7758: 7752: 7748: 7742: 7738: 7733: 7729: 7724: 7720: 7715: 7711: 7705: 7701: 7695: 7691: 7685: 7681: 7676: 7669: 7663: 7659: 7653: 7650: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7640: 7636: 7630: 7626: 7620: 7616: 7610: 7606: 7597: 7593: 7588: 7584: 7579: 7575: 7569: 7565: 7560: 7557: 7554: 7550: 7545: 7541: 7536: 7532: 7527: 7523: 7518: 7514: 7509: 7505: 7500: 7496: 7490: 7486: 7480: 7476: 7470: 7466: 7460: 7456: 7451: 7447: 7442: 7438: 7432: 7428: 7423: 7419: 7414: 7410: 7405: 7401: 7395: 7391: 7385: 7381: 7376: 7372: 7366: 7362: 7356: 7352: 7347: 7343: 7338: 7334: 7329: 7325: 7320: 7316: 7311: 7307: 7302: 7298: 7293: 7289: 7284: 7280: 7275: 7271: 7261: 7259: 7244: 7240: 7228: 7224: 7215: 7211: 7201: 7199: 7184:"Libbie Custer" 7180: 7176: 7171: 7167: 7158: 7154: 7145: 7141: 7132: 7128: 7119: 7115: 7106: 7102: 7093: 7086: 7077: 7073: 7063: 7061: 7052: 7051: 7047: 7037: 7033: 7028: 7024: 7015: 7011: 7001: 6999: 6997: 6981: 6977: 6967: 6965: 6950: 6946: 6936: 6934: 6923: 6919: 6909: 6907: 6896: 6889: 6872: 6871: 6867: 6857: 6855: 6846: 6845: 6841: 6833: 6826: 6820: 6816: 6810:The Custer Myth 6807: 6803: 6794: 6790: 6784:The Custer Myth 6781: 6777: 6768: 6766: 6755: 6754: 6750: 6740: 6738: 6729: 6728: 6724: 6708: 6707: 6699: 6695: 6677: 6673: 6655: 6648: 6638: 6636: 6628: 6627: 6620: 6610: 6608: 6593: 6592: 6588: 6577: 6573: 6555: 6551: 6541: 6539: 6515: 6511: 6502: 6498: 6488: 6486: 6473: 6472: 6468: 6455: 6454: 6450: 6434: 6433: 6425: 6421: 6405: 6404: 6396: 6392: 6383: 6382: 6378: 6367: 6363: 6354: 6350: 6341: 6337: 6332: 6325: 6309: 6308: 6304: 6288: 6277: 6272: 6268: 6263: 6259: 6254: 6250: 6245: 6241: 6236: 6232: 6215: 6211: 6206: 6202: 6197: 6193: 6184: 6180: 6175: 6171: 6162: 6158: 6149: 6145: 6140: 6136: 6127: 6123: 6117:Wayback Machine 6104: 6091: 6086: 6082: 6076:Wayback Machine 6067: 6063: 6053: 6051: 6049: 6033: 6029: 6019:Wayback Machine 6010: 6006: 5989: 5982: 5978:Fox, pp. 10–13. 5977: 5973: 5969: 5963:(interpreter), 5959:Kate Big Head, 5945:(interpreter), 5937: 5933: 5928: 5921: 5911: 5909: 5896: 5895: 5891: 5874: 5857: 5852: 5848: 5840: 5821: 5813: 5798: 5789: 5785: 5776: 5772: 5762: 5760: 5749: 5745: 5735: 5733: 5722: 5718: 5708: 5706: 5697: 5696: 5692: 5682: 5680: 5665: 5661: 5651: 5649: 5645: 5638: 5632: 5628: 5617: 5613: 5604: 5600: 5589: 5582: 5576:Wayback Machine 5564: 5553: 5540: 5536: 5525: 5521: 5510: 5506: 5495: 5491: 5480: 5464: 5443: 5438: 5431: 5426: 5422: 5411: 5402: 5393: 5389: 5384: 5380: 5373: 5359: 5355: 5348: 5331: 5327: 5318: 5314: 5298: 5294: 5290:. 2001, p. 272. 5285: 5281: 5271: 5269: 5264: 5263: 5259: 5243: 5239: 5229: 5227: 5218: 5217: 5213: 5203: 5201: 5197: 5196: 5192: 5187: 5183: 5173: 5171: 5158: 5157: 5153: 5118: 5114: 5104: 5102: 5093: 5092: 5088: 5077: 5068: 5059:Wayback Machine 5050: 5046: 5037: 5033: 5024: 5020: 5010: 5008: 5002: 4998: 4993: 4989: 4980: 4976: 4971: 4967: 4962: 4958: 4949: 4945: 4935: 4933: 4918: 4914: 4905: 4901: 4892: 4888: 4879: 4875: 4868: 4864: 4857: 4853: 4846: 4832: 4828: 4821: 4805: 4798: 4789: 4785: 4776: 4772: 4763: 4759: 4750: 4746: 4737: 4733: 4728: 4724: 4715: 4711: 4702: 4698: 4689: 4685: 4676: 4672: 4663: 4659: 4650: 4646: 4636: 4634: 4619: 4618: 4614: 4604: 4602: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4578: 4569: 4565: 4559: 4555: 4550: 4546: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4506: 4496: 4492: 4474: 4470: 4460: 4456: 4443: 4439: 4434: 4430: 4425: 4421: 4415: 4411: 4387: 4383: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4343:Fetterman Fight 4324: 4308:Daniele Bolelli 4120: 4114: 4107: 4104:Indian Memorial 4101: 4092: 4089: 4080: 4077: 4068: 4060: 4008: 4002: 3971:Evan S. Connell 3890: 3888:Survivor claims 3871: 3859:trapdoor system 3816: 3800: 3750: 3707:, more often a 3682: 3677: 3669:Nelson A. Miles 3661:Robert M. Utley 3641:Richard Gatling 3622: 3594:Nelson A. Miles 3590: 3564:Death of Custer 3549: 3547:Custer's errors 3540: 3535: 3511: 3505: 3492: 3471: 3466: 3435: 3430: 3429: 3428: 3425: 3416: 3413: 3404: 3395: 3392: 3383: 3372: 3371: 3357:Medals of Honor 3344: 3335: 3330: 3329: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3313: 3310: 3301: 3298: 3289: 3280: 3271: 3268: 3257: 3256: 3243: 3238: 3096:Donald McIntosh 2775: 2773:Order of battle 2768: 2761: 2752: 2751:Grave of Curley 2749: 2740: 2737: 2728: 2705: 2565: 2548: 2446:Oglala (Lakota) 2345: 2338: 2335: 2326: 2323: 2314: 2311: 2302: 2299: 2248:Donald McIntosh 2200:Charles DeRudio 2134: 2129: 2096: 2095: 2094: 2093: 2092: 2084: 2076: 2075: 2069: 2047:Nelson A. Miles 2016:New York Herald 1979: 1978: 1977: 1976: 1975: 1961: 1953: 1952: 1949: 1903: 1882: 1881: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1872: 1864: 1863: 1860: 1842: 1820: 1813: 1810: 1801: 1798: 1785: 1784: 1783: 1782: 1781: 1778: 1770: 1769: 1766: 1704: 1663: 1652: 1646: 1643: 1632: 1620: 1609: 1524: 1520: 1501: 1480: 1433: 1377: 1331: 1324: 1319: 1279: 1232: 1209: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1146:full daylight. 1118: 1094: 1002: 946:under Lt. Col. 876: 856:Hunkpapa Lakota 831: 830: 829: 820: 815: 806: 701: 696: 679:Great Sioux War 674:Indian scouts. 585:tribes and the 557:, known to the 531: 530: 529: 524: 495:Warbonnet Creek 456: 451: 449: 447: 413: 412: 411: 410: 408: 402: 401: 400: 399: 395: 374: 362: 309: 301: 288: 265: 254: 241: 208: 187: 133: 131: 127: 125: 121: 120: 117: 112: 109: 107: 105: 104: 103: 63: 38: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12725: 12715: 12714: 12709: 12704: 12699: 12694: 12689: 12684: 12679: 12674: 12669: 12664: 12659: 12654: 12649: 12644: 12639: 12622: 12621: 12619: 12618: 12607: 12604: 12603: 12600: 12599: 12596: 12595: 12593: 12592: 12587: 12581: 12579: 12573: 12572: 12570: 12569: 12564: 12559: 12554: 12548: 12546: 12540: 12539: 12537: 12536: 12534:Salt Lake City 12530: 12528: 12526:Utah Territory 12522: 12521: 12519: 12518: 12513: 12508: 12503: 12498: 12493: 12488: 12482: 12480: 12474: 12473: 12471: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12455: 12450: 12445: 12440: 12435: 12429: 12427: 12421: 12420: 12418: 12417: 12412: 12407: 12402: 12397: 12392: 12387: 12382: 12377: 12372: 12366: 12364: 12353: 12352: 12350: 12349: 12344: 12339: 12334: 12329: 12324: 12319: 12314: 12309: 12304: 12299: 12294: 12288: 12286: 12280: 12279: 12277: 12276: 12271: 12266: 12260: 12258: 12252: 12251: 12249: 12248: 12243: 12238: 12233: 12228: 12223: 12218: 12213: 12207: 12205: 12199: 12198: 12196: 12195: 12190: 12185: 12180: 12175: 12170: 12165: 12160: 12155: 12149: 12147: 12141: 12140: 12138: 12137: 12134: 12133: 12128: 12123: 12117: 12115: 12109: 12108: 12106: 12105: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12074: 12072: 12066: 12065: 12063: 12062: 12056: 12054: 12048: 12047: 12045: 12044: 12039: 12033: 12031: 12025: 12024: 12022: 12021: 12016: 12011: 12006: 12004:Prospect Bluff 12001: 11996: 11991: 11985: 11983: 11977: 11976: 11974: 11973: 11968: 11963: 11958: 11953: 11948: 11943: 11938: 11932: 11930: 11924: 11923: 11921: 11920: 11915: 11910: 11905: 11899: 11897: 11891: 11890: 11888: 11887: 11882: 11877: 11872: 11867: 11862: 11857: 11851: 11849: 11843: 11842: 11840: 11839: 11834: 11829: 11824: 11819: 11814: 11809: 11804: 11798: 11796: 11790: 11789: 11787: 11786: 11781: 11776: 11771: 11766: 11760: 11758: 11749: 11741: 11740: 11738: 11737: 11736: 11735: 11730: 11725: 11720: 11710: 11709: 11708: 11703: 11698: 11693: 11683: 11678: 11673: 11668: 11666:Gothic Western 11663: 11662: 11661: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11631: 11626: 11615: 11613: 11609: 11608: 11606: 11605: 11600: 11595: 11590: 11585: 11580: 11575: 11570: 11565: 11560: 11554: 11552: 11548: 11547: 11545: 11544: 11539: 11534: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11508: 11506: 11495: 11494: 11492: 11491: 11486: 11481: 11476: 11471: 11466: 11461: 11456: 11451: 11446: 11441: 11436: 11431: 11426: 11420: 11418: 11414: 11413: 11411: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11379: 11377: 11371: 11370: 11368: 11367: 11362: 11357: 11352: 11347: 11341: 11339: 11333: 11332: 11330: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11314: 11309: 11304: 11299: 11294: 11289: 11284: 11279: 11273: 11271: 11265: 11264: 11262: 11261: 11256: 11251: 11246: 11244:Santa Fe Trail 11241: 11236: 11231: 11226: 11221: 11216: 11211: 11206: 11204:Chisholm Trail 11201: 11196: 11191: 11186: 11180: 11178: 11172: 11171: 11169: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11157: 11156: 11149:Western saloon 11146: 11141: 11136: 11131: 11126: 11121: 11116: 11111: 11106: 11101: 11096: 11091: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11056: 11051: 11049:American bison 11045: 11043: 11037: 11036: 11033: 11032: 11030: 11029: 11024: 11019: 11014: 11009: 11007:Emperor Norton 11004: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10977:Andrew Jackson 10974: 10969: 10964: 10959: 10954: 10949: 10944: 10939: 10933: 10931: 10927: 10926: 10924: 10923: 10918: 10913: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10883: 10878: 10873: 10868: 10863: 10858: 10853: 10848: 10842: 10840: 10834: 10833: 10831: 10830: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10721: 10716: 10711: 10706: 10701: 10696: 10690: 10688: 10684: 10683: 10681: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10584: 10582: 10578: 10577: 10575: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10537:Jedediah Smith 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10458: 10456: 10447: 10446: 10444: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10368: 10363: 10358: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10292: 10290: 10281: 10280:Notable people 10277: 10276: 10274: 10273: 10271:Yuma (Quechan) 10268: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10231:Tohono Oʼodham 10228: 10223: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10163: 10158: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10108: 10103: 10098: 10093: 10088: 10083: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10023: 10018: 10012: 10010: 10008:Native Nations 10004: 10003: 10000: 9997: 9996: 9989: 9988: 9981: 9974: 9966: 9957: 9956: 9951: 9948: 9947: 9945: 9944: 9936: 9927: 9925: 9921: 9920: 9918: 9917: 9909: 9901: 9893: 9885: 9877: 9869: 9861: 9853: 9849:Little Bighorn 9845: 9837: 9829: 9821: 9813: 9805: 9796: 9794: 9790: 9789: 9787: 9786: 9778: 9770: 9762: 9754: 9745: 9743: 9739: 9738: 9733: 9732: 9725: 9718: 9710: 9702: 9701: 9696: 9695:(October 2009) 9679: 9660: 9643: 9637: 9632: 9631: 9630: 9625: 9616: 9615: 9614: 9608: 9602: 9599:New York Times 9591: 9582: 9581: 9580: 9577:custerwest.org 9574: 9565: 9564: 9563: 9558: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9496: 9495:External links 9493: 9491: 9490: 9479: 9473: 9458: 9452: 9435: 9429: 9412: 9406: 9393: 9387: 9372: 9366: 9353: 9347: 9326: 9320: 9305: 9299: 9286: 9280: 9260: 9254: 9241: 9224: 9209: 9189: 9176: 9170: 9157: 9151: 9138: 9132: 9114: 9108: 9095: 9089: 9076: 9070: 9057: 9051: 9038: 9032: 9019: 9013: 9000: 8983: 8977: 8962: 8947: 8941: 8926: 8920: 8905: 8885: 8879: 8864: 8836: 8830: 8817: 8811: 8796: 8790: 8773: 8767: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8745: 8732: 8714: 8691: 8668: 8643: 8636: 8616: 8592: 8566: 8540: 8531: 8524: 8500: 8487: 8464: 8434: 8425: 8411: 8384: 8353: 8331: 8314: 8293: 8286: 8268: 8253: 8233: 8218: 8203: 8188: 8173: 8158: 8132: 8125: 8107: 8092: 8077: 8058: 8038: 8031: 8013: 7998: 7986: 7977: 7967: 7954: 7944: 7934: 7924: 7914: 7905: 7896: 7887: 7877: 7868: 7859: 7850: 7841: 7831: 7822: 7813: 7803: 7793: 7791:eyewitnesses." 7783: 7774: 7765: 7756: 7746: 7736: 7727: 7718: 7709: 7699: 7689: 7679: 7667: 7657: 7634: 7624: 7614: 7604: 7591: 7582: 7573: 7563: 7548: 7539: 7530: 7521: 7512: 7503: 7494: 7484: 7474: 7464: 7454: 7445: 7436: 7426: 7417: 7408: 7399: 7389: 7379: 7370: 7360: 7350: 7341: 7332: 7323: 7314: 7305: 7296: 7287: 7278: 7269: 7238: 7222: 7209: 7174: 7165: 7152: 7139: 7126: 7113: 7100: 7084: 7071: 7045: 7031: 7022: 7009: 6996:978-0722293980 6995: 6975: 6944: 6917: 6887: 6865: 6839: 6814: 6801: 6788: 6775: 6748: 6722: 6693: 6671: 6658:Welch, James A 6646: 6618: 6586: 6571: 6562:The Westerners 6560:(1974). "15". 6549: 6520:(April 1974). 6509: 6496: 6466: 6448: 6419: 6390: 6376: 6361: 6348: 6335: 6323: 6302: 6275: 6266: 6257: 6248: 6239: 6230: 6209: 6200: 6191: 6178: 6169: 6156: 6143: 6134: 6121: 6089: 6080: 6061: 6047: 6027: 6004: 5980: 5971: 5968: 5967: 5957: 5950: 5938: 5931: 5919: 5889: 5855: 5846: 5844:, p. 216. 5819: 5817:, p. 214. 5796: 5783: 5770: 5743: 5716: 5690: 5659: 5626: 5611: 5598: 5580: 5551: 5534: 5519: 5504: 5489: 5478: 5441: 5429: 5420: 5400: 5387: 5378: 5371: 5353: 5346: 5325: 5312: 5292: 5279: 5257: 5237: 5211: 5190: 5181: 5151: 5132:(3): 927–928. 5112: 5086: 5066: 5052:"Sitting Bull" 5044: 5031: 5018: 4996: 4987: 4974: 4965: 4956: 4943: 4912: 4899: 4886: 4873: 4862: 4851: 4844: 4826: 4819: 4796: 4783: 4770: 4757: 4744: 4731: 4722: 4709: 4696: 4683: 4670: 4657: 4644: 4612: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4576: 4563: 4553: 4544: 4531: 4522: 4513: 4504: 4490: 4468: 4454: 4450:eminent domain 4437: 4428: 4419: 4409: 4389:Plains Indians 4381: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4323: 4320: 4319: 4318: 4311: 4304: 4287: 4276: 4267: 4257: 4247: 4233: 4217:Little Big Man 4212: 4194: 4183:Arthur Kennedy 4167:The 1941 film 4165: 4152: 4138: 4131: 4113: 4110: 4109: 4108: 4102: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4071: 4069: 4061: 4054: 4004:Main article: 4001: 3998: 3922:The historian 3889: 3886: 3870: 3867: 3833:, painting by 3815: 3812: 3799: 3796: 3788:cartridge belt 3749: 3746: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3621: 3618: 3589: 3586: 3548: 3545: 3539: 3538:Reno's conduct 3536: 3534: 3531: 3507:Main article: 3504: 3501: 3491: 3488: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3461: 3460: 3457: 3451: 3448: 3442: 3434: 3431: 3427: 3426: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3407: 3405: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3386: 3384: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3368: 3367: 3343: 3340: 3334: 3331: 3327: 3326: 3323: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3292: 3290: 3283: 3281: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3262: 3259: 3258: 3254: 3253: 3252: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3230: 3229: 3228: 3211:, Little Brave 3176: 3169:Charles Varnum 3160: 3159: 3158: 3157: 3149: 3139: 3138: 3137: 3136: 3130: 3127: 3119: 3107: 3106: 3105: 3104: 3101: 3092: 3084: 3072: 3071: 3070: 3069: 3060: 3051: 3042: 3037:Algernon Smith 3033: 3022: 3013: 2998: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2976: 2975: 2974: 2973: 2968: 2962: 2961: 2960: 2959: 2949:American Horse 2942:Lame White Man 2924: 2918: 2917: 2916: 2915: 2908: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2895: 2894: 2891: 2884: 2883:, Black Fox II 2853: 2850: 2839: 2833: 2812:, Four Horns, 2804: 2799: 2791: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2774: 2771: 2770: 2769: 2762: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2731: 2729: 2717:Hairy Moccasin 2706: 2699: 2696: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2683: 2677: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2623: 2617: 2614:Hairy Moccasin 2611: 2608: 2602: 2596: 2593: 2587: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2564: 2561: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2542: 2536: 2529:Lame White Man 2514: 2508: 2498: 2492: 2486: 2481:: Two Eagles, 2479:Brule (Lakota) 2476: 2443: 2437: 2420:: Chief Hump, 2415: 2406: 2404:Little Big Man 2378:, Four Horns, 2344: 2341: 2340: 2339: 2336: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2293: 2290: 2289: 2286: 2275: 2269: 2258: 2251: 2244: 2237: 2234:Algernon Smith 2230: 2220: 2209: 2202: 2192: 2189: 2182: 2179:Charles Varnum 2175: 2169: 2162: 2155: 2148: 2142: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2085: 2078: 2077: 2070: 2063: 2062: 2061: 2060: 2059: 1962: 1955: 1954: 1950: 1943: 1942: 1941: 1940: 1939: 1902: 1899: 1873: 1866: 1865: 1861: 1854: 1853: 1852: 1851: 1850: 1841: 1838: 1819: 1816: 1815: 1814: 1811: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1792: 1779: 1772: 1771: 1767: 1760: 1759: 1758: 1757: 1756: 1703: 1700: 1676:Peter Thompson 1665: 1664: 1623: 1621: 1614: 1608: 1605: 1587:Hairy Moccasin 1510: 1500: 1497: 1447: 1446: 1432: 1431:Custer's fight 1429: 1376: 1373: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1278: 1275: 1253:Edward Godfrey 1231: 1228: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1117: 1116:Little Bighorn 1114: 1093: 1090: 1001: 998: 984:Missouri River 928:Fort Fetterman 875: 872: 835:Plains Indians 817: 816: 809: 808: 807: 805: 802: 798:Plains Indians 767:the Crow tribe 700: 697: 695: 692: 563:Plains Indians 526: 525: 523: 522: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 490:Little Bighorn 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 461: 458: 457: 446: 445: 438: 431: 423: 415: 414: 404: 403: 397: 396: 389: 388: 382: 381: 380: 379: 376: 375: 373: 372: 369: 365: 363: 361: 360: 357: 354: 350: 347: 346: 342: 341: 335: 331: 330: 326: 325: 320: 316: 315: 314:Units involved 311: 310: 308: 307: 294: 281: 276: 271: 257: 255: 253: 252: 247: 237:Lame White Man 234: 229: 224: 218: 215: 214: 210: 209: 207: 206: 204:Arikara scouts 201: 196: 190: 188: 186: 185: 180: 175: 170: 164: 161: 160: 156: 155: 152: 151: 148: 144: 143: 89: 87: 83: 82: 79: 71: 70: 55: 54: 47: 46: 40: 39: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12724: 12713: 12710: 12708: 12705: 12703: 12700: 12698: 12695: 12693: 12690: 12688: 12685: 12683: 12680: 12678: 12675: 12673: 12670: 12668: 12665: 12663: 12660: 12658: 12655: 12653: 12650: 12648: 12645: 12643: 12640: 12638: 12635: 12634: 12632: 12617: 12609: 12608: 12605: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12582: 12580: 12578: 12574: 12568: 12565: 12563: 12560: 12558: 12557:Port Townsend 12555: 12553: 12550: 12549: 12547: 12545: 12541: 12535: 12532: 12531: 12529: 12527: 12523: 12517: 12514: 12512: 12509: 12507: 12504: 12502: 12499: 12497: 12494: 12492: 12489: 12487: 12484: 12483: 12481: 12479: 12475: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12449: 12446: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12430: 12428: 12426: 12422: 12416: 12413: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12385:Oklahoma City 12383: 12381: 12378: 12376: 12373: 12371: 12368: 12367: 12365: 12363: 12358: 12354: 12348: 12345: 12343: 12340: 12338: 12335: 12333: 12330: 12328: 12325: 12323: 12320: 12318: 12315: 12313: 12310: 12308: 12305: 12303: 12300: 12298: 12295: 12293: 12290: 12289: 12287: 12285: 12281: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12269:Virginia City 12267: 12265: 12262: 12261: 12259: 12257: 12253: 12247: 12244: 12242: 12239: 12237: 12234: 12232: 12229: 12227: 12226:Nebraska City 12224: 12222: 12221:Fort Robinson 12219: 12217: 12216:Fort Atkinson 12214: 12212: 12209: 12208: 12206: 12204: 12200: 12194: 12193:Virginia City 12191: 12189: 12186: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12174: 12171: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12150: 12148: 12146: 12142: 12136: 12135: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12118: 12116: 12114: 12110: 12104: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12089: 12086: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12076: 12075: 12073: 12071: 12067: 12061: 12060:Fort Dearborn 12058: 12057: 12055: 12053: 12049: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12034: 12032: 12030: 12026: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12009:St. Augustine 12007: 12005: 12002: 12000: 11997: 11995: 11992: 11990: 11987: 11986: 11984: 11982: 11978: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11966:Standing Rock 11964: 11962: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11952: 11949: 11947: 11944: 11942: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11933: 11931: 11929: 11925: 11919: 11916: 11914: 11911: 11909: 11906: 11904: 11901: 11900: 11898: 11896: 11892: 11886: 11885:San Francisco 11883: 11881: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11871: 11868: 11866: 11863: 11861: 11858: 11856: 11853: 11852: 11850: 11848: 11844: 11838: 11835: 11833: 11830: 11828: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11805: 11803: 11802:Canyon Diablo 11800: 11799: 11797: 11795: 11791: 11785: 11782: 11780: 11777: 11775: 11772: 11770: 11767: 11765: 11762: 11761: 11759: 11757: 11753: 11750: 11746: 11742: 11734: 11733:Snap fastener 11731: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11719: 11716: 11715: 11714: 11711: 11707: 11706:Texas country 11704: 11702: 11699: 11697: 11694: 11692: 11689: 11688: 11687: 11686:Western music 11684: 11682: 11679: 11677: 11676:Western genre 11674: 11672: 11669: 11667: 11664: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11621: 11620: 11617: 11616: 11614: 11610: 11604: 11601: 11599: 11596: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11586: 11584: 11581: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11555: 11553: 11549: 11543: 11540: 11538: 11535: 11533: 11530: 11528: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11509: 11507: 11505: 11500: 11496: 11490: 11487: 11485: 11482: 11480: 11479:Seminole Wars 11477: 11475: 11472: 11470: 11467: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11447: 11445: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11421: 11419: 11415: 11409: 11406: 11404: 11401: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11380: 11378: 11376: 11372: 11366: 11363: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11342: 11340: 11338: 11334: 11328: 11325: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11300: 11298: 11295: 11293: 11290: 11288: 11285: 11283: 11280: 11278: 11275: 11274: 11272: 11270: 11266: 11260: 11257: 11255: 11252: 11250: 11247: 11245: 11242: 11240: 11237: 11235: 11232: 11230: 11227: 11225: 11222: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11212: 11210: 11207: 11205: 11202: 11200: 11197: 11195: 11192: 11190: 11189:Bozeman Trail 11187: 11185: 11182: 11181: 11179: 11173: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11155: 11152: 11151: 11150: 11147: 11145: 11142: 11140: 11139:Train robbery 11137: 11135: 11132: 11130: 11127: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11112: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11102: 11100: 11097: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11069:Cowboy poetry 11067: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11046: 11044: 11042: 11038: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10952:George Flavel 10950: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10934: 10932: 10928: 10922: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10896:Calamity Jane 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10872: 10869: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10843: 10841: 10835: 10828: 10824: 10820: 10816: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10781:Frank McLaury 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10741: 10737: 10733: 10729: 10725: 10722: 10720: 10717: 10715: 10714:Billy Clanton 10712: 10710: 10709:Butch Cassidy 10707: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10694:Billy the Kid 10692: 10691: 10689: 10685: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10638:Bat Masterson 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10618:Henry Garfias 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10585: 10583: 10579: 10573: 10572:Brigham Young 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10552:Ora Rush Weed 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10542:Jack Swilling 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10487:Davy Crockett 10485: 10483: 10482:William Clark 10480: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10459: 10457: 10455: 10448: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10416:Standing Bear 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10381:Quanah Parker 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10293: 10291: 10289: 10285: 10282: 10278: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10167: 10164: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10102: 10099: 10097: 10094: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10013: 10011: 10009: 10005: 9998: 9994: 9987: 9982: 9980: 9975: 9973: 9968: 9967: 9964: 9954: 9949: 9941: 9937: 9933: 9929: 9928: 9926: 9922: 9914: 9913:Pumpkin Creek 9910: 9906: 9902: 9898: 9894: 9890: 9886: 9882: 9878: 9874: 9870: 9866: 9865:Wolf Mountain 9862: 9858: 9854: 9850: 9846: 9842: 9838: 9834: 9830: 9826: 9822: 9818: 9814: 9810: 9806: 9802: 9798: 9797: 9795: 9791: 9783: 9779: 9775: 9774:Nez Perce War 9771: 9767: 9763: 9759: 9755: 9751: 9747: 9746: 9744: 9740: 9731: 9726: 9724: 9719: 9717: 9712: 9711: 9708: 9704: 9700: 9697: 9694: 9690: 9686: 9683: 9680: 9677: 9676: 9671: 9667: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9655: 9651: 9647: 9644: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9629: 9626: 9623: 9620: 9619: 9617: 9612: 9609: 9606: 9603: 9600: 9596: 9592: 9589: 9586: 9585: 9583: 9578: 9575: 9572: 9569: 9568: 9566: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9553: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9510: 9506: 9502: 9499: 9498: 9487: 9486: 9480: 9476: 9474:0-684-81043-3 9470: 9466: 9465: 9459: 9455: 9453:0-393-32939-9 9449: 9444: 9443: 9436: 9432: 9430:0-8129-3256-0 9426: 9421: 9420: 9413: 9409: 9407:0-8061-2292-7 9403: 9399: 9394: 9390: 9388:0-8050-1274-5 9384: 9380: 9379: 9373: 9369: 9367:0-8061-3472-0 9363: 9359: 9354: 9350: 9344: 9340: 9336: 9332: 9327: 9323: 9321:0-679-43025-3 9317: 9313: 9312: 9306: 9302: 9296: 9292: 9287: 9283: 9277: 9272: 9271: 9265: 9261: 9257: 9255:1-85409-188-3 9251: 9247: 9242: 9238: 9234: 9230: 9225: 9221: 9217: 9216: 9210: 9206: 9200: 9192: 9190:0-452-01095-0 9186: 9182: 9177: 9173: 9171:0-87842-304-4 9167: 9163: 9158: 9154: 9148: 9144: 9139: 9135: 9133:1-55013-621-6 9129: 9125: 9124: 9119: 9115: 9111: 9109:0-7864-0154-0 9105: 9101: 9096: 9092: 9090:0-8032-7322-3 9086: 9082: 9077: 9073: 9071:0-912783-25-7 9067: 9063: 9058: 9054: 9052:0-8061-2279-X 9048: 9044: 9039: 9035: 9033:1-892258-05-6 9029: 9025: 9020: 9016: 9014:0-8032-7040-2 9010: 9006: 9001: 8997: 8993: 8989: 8984: 8980: 8978:0-8117-1523-X 8974: 8970: 8969: 8963: 8959: 8955: 8954: 8948: 8944: 8942:0-446-51761-5 8938: 8934: 8933: 8932:The Wild West 8927: 8923: 8917: 8913: 8912: 8906: 8902: 8898: 8894: 8890: 8886: 8882: 8876: 8872: 8871: 8865: 8861: 8857: 8853: 8849: 8842: 8837: 8833: 8827: 8823: 8818: 8814: 8812:0-86547-510-5 8808: 8804: 8803: 8797: 8793: 8791:0-8117-1742-9 8787: 8782: 8781: 8774: 8770: 8768:0-9618087-5-6 8764: 8760: 8755: 8754: 8742: 8736: 8728: 8724: 8718: 8711: 8707: 8703: 8700: 8695: 8688: 8684: 8680: 8677: 8672: 8665: 8661: 8660:Super Famicom 8657: 8653: 8647: 8639: 8633: 8629: 8628: 8620: 8605: 8604: 8596: 8580: 8576: 8570: 8554: 8550: 8544: 8535: 8527: 8525:0-917298-41-1 8521: 8517: 8513: 8512: 8504: 8497: 8491: 8484: 8480: 8476: 8473: 8472:"Martin Pate" 8468: 8452: 8448: 8444: 8438: 8429: 8414: 8412:0-88394-088-4 8408: 8404: 8400: 8399: 8394: 8388: 8372: 8368: 8364: 8357: 8341: 8335: 8328: 8324: 8318: 8310: 8306: 8305: 8297: 8289: 8283: 8279: 8272: 8264: 8257: 8249: 8245: 8244: 8237: 8229: 8222: 8214: 8207: 8199: 8192: 8184: 8177: 8169: 8162: 8146: 8142: 8136: 8128: 8126:0-8117-0347-9 8122: 8118: 8111: 8104:. p. 38. 8103: 8096: 8088: 8081: 8065: 8061: 8055: 8051: 8050: 8042: 8034: 8028: 8024: 8023:Custer's Luck 8017: 8009: 8002: 7995: 7990: 7981: 7971: 7964: 7958: 7948: 7938: 7928: 7918: 7909: 7900: 7891: 7881: 7875:Gallear, 2001 7872: 7863: 7854: 7845: 7835: 7826: 7817: 7807: 7797: 7787: 7778: 7769: 7760: 7750: 7740: 7731: 7722: 7713: 7703: 7693: 7683: 7674: 7672: 7661: 7652:Black Hills." 7638: 7628: 7618: 7608: 7601: 7595: 7586: 7577: 7567: 7552: 7543: 7534: 7525: 7516: 7507: 7498: 7488: 7478: 7468: 7458: 7449: 7440: 7430: 7421: 7412: 7403: 7393: 7383: 7374: 7364: 7354: 7345: 7336: 7327: 7318: 7309: 7300: 7291: 7282: 7273: 7257: 7253: 7249: 7242: 7235: 7231: 7226: 7219: 7213: 7202:September 10, 7197: 7193: 7189: 7185: 7178: 7169: 7162: 7156: 7149: 7143: 7136: 7130: 7123: 7117: 7110: 7104: 7097: 7091: 7089: 7081: 7075: 7059: 7055: 7049: 7042: 7041: 7035: 7026: 7019: 7013: 6998: 6992: 6988: 6987: 6979: 6963: 6959: 6955: 6948: 6932: 6928: 6921: 6905: 6901: 6894: 6892: 6883: 6879: 6875: 6869: 6853: 6849: 6843: 6832: 6825: 6818: 6811: 6805: 6798: 6792: 6785: 6779: 6764: 6760: 6759: 6752: 6736: 6732: 6726: 6718: 6712: 6704: 6697: 6689: 6685: 6681: 6675: 6667: 6666:Penguin Books 6663: 6659: 6653: 6651: 6635: 6631: 6625: 6623: 6606: 6602: 6601: 6596: 6590: 6582: 6575: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6553: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6528: 6523: 6519: 6513: 6506: 6500: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6470: 6462: 6458: 6452: 6444: 6438: 6430: 6423: 6415: 6409: 6401: 6394: 6386: 6380: 6372: 6365: 6358: 6352: 6345: 6339: 6330: 6328: 6319: 6313: 6305: 6299: 6295: 6294: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6280: 6270: 6261: 6252: 6243: 6234: 6226: 6222: 6221: 6217:Rice (1998). 6213: 6204: 6195: 6188: 6182: 6173: 6166: 6160: 6153: 6147: 6138: 6131: 6130:Custer's Fall 6125: 6118: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6084: 6077: 6073: 6070: 6065: 6050: 6044: 6040: 6039: 6031: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6013: 6008: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5987: 5985: 5975: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5955: 5951: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5939: 5935: 5926: 5924: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5893: 5886: 5885:0-87842-349-4 5882: 5878: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5866: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5850: 5843: 5838: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5824: 5816: 5811: 5809: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5801: 5793: 5787: 5780: 5774: 5758: 5754: 5751:Running Dog. 5747: 5731: 5727: 5724:Running Dog. 5720: 5704: 5700: 5694: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5663: 5644: 5637: 5630: 5622: 5615: 5608: 5602: 5594: 5587: 5585: 5577: 5573: 5570: 5569: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5556: 5547: 5546: 5538: 5530: 5523: 5515: 5508: 5500: 5493: 5485: 5481: 5479:0-8061-2998-0 5475: 5471: 5470: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5436: 5434: 5424: 5416: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5397: 5391: 5382: 5374: 5372:0-8032-9626-6 5368: 5364: 5357: 5349: 5347:0-8032-7040-2 5343: 5339: 5335: 5329: 5322: 5316: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5296: 5289: 5283: 5267: 5261: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5241: 5225: 5221: 5215: 5200: 5194: 5185: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5155: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5116: 5100: 5096: 5090: 5082: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5053: 5048: 5041: 5035: 5028: 5022: 5007: 5000: 4991: 4984: 4978: 4969: 4960: 4953: 4947: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4916: 4909: 4903: 4896: 4890: 4883: 4877: 4871: 4866: 4860: 4855: 4847: 4841: 4837: 4830: 4822: 4816: 4812: 4811: 4803: 4801: 4793: 4787: 4780: 4774: 4767: 4761: 4754: 4748: 4741: 4735: 4726: 4719: 4713: 4706: 4700: 4693: 4687: 4680: 4674: 4667: 4661: 4654: 4648: 4632: 4628: 4627: 4622: 4616: 4600: 4596: 4589: 4585: 4573: 4567: 4557: 4548: 4535: 4526: 4517: 4508: 4501: 4494: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4472: 4464: 4458: 4451: 4447: 4444:According to 4441: 4432: 4423: 4413: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4385: 4377: 4373: 4367: 4363: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4325: 4316: 4312: 4309: 4305: 4302: 4298: 4297: 4292: 4288: 4285: 4281: 4278:In 2007, the 4277: 4274: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4263: 4258: 4254: 4253: 4248: 4244: 4243: 4238: 4234: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4222:Thomas Berger 4219: 4218: 4213: 4210: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4200: 4195: 4192: 4188: 4187:Anthony Quinn 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4171: 4166: 4163: 4159: 4158: 4153: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4132: 4129: 4125: 4122: 4121: 4119: 4105: 4099: 4094: 4087: 4082: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4058: 4053: 4052: 4051: 4047: 4044: 4038: 4034: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4019: 4013: 4007: 3996: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3978: 3977: 3972: 3968: 3962: 3957: 3955: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3925: 3920: 3916: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3898: 3894: 3885: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3866: 3864: 3860: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3845: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3811: 3807: 3804: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3762: 3754: 3745: 3741: 3739: 3733: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3710: 3706: 3705:muzzleloaders 3698: 3695: 3691: 3686: 3672: 3670: 3666: 3665:Henry J. Hunt 3662: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3642: 3637: 3633: 3631: 3627: 3617: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3598: 3595: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3574: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3555: 3544: 3533:Controversies 3530: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3510: 3500: 3497: 3496:U.S. Congress 3487: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3439:Boston Custer 3437: 3436: 3423: 3418: 3411: 3406: 3402: 3397: 3390: 3385: 3381: 3376: 3375: 3366: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3350: 3339: 3320: 3315: 3308: 3303: 3296: 3291: 3287: 3282: 3278: 3273: 3266: 3261: 3260: 3251: 3248: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3215:, White Swan 3214: 3210: 3206: 3203: 3199: 3196: 3195:Isaiah Dorman 3192: 3189: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3178: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3162: 3161: 3156: 3152: 3151: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3141: 3140: 3135: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3122: 3121: 3120: 3118: 3117: 3114: 3109: 3108: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3082: 3079: 3074: 3073: 3068: 3065: 3064:James Calhoun 3061: 3059: 3056: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3028:Thomas Custer 3025: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3020: 3014: 3012: 3011:, commanding 3010: 3007: 3004: 2999: 2995: 2988: 2984: 2971: 2970: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2926: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2919: 2913: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2892: 2889: 2885: 2882: 2881:Running Eagle 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2838: 2834: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2806: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2797: 2792: 2788: 2781: 2766: 2759: 2754: 2747: 2742: 2735: 2730: 2726: 2723:, Curtis and 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2709:Edward Curtis 2703: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2626:Isaiah Dorman 2624: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2601:: interpreter 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2560: 2558: 2553: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2471: 2470:Running Eagle 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2370: 2369: 2368: 2360: 2353: 2349: 2333: 2328: 2321: 2316: 2309: 2304: 2297: 2292: 2291: 2287: 2284: 2280: 2279:James Calhoun 2276: 2274: 2270: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2256: 2252: 2249: 2245: 2242: 2238: 2235: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2218: 2214: 2213:Thomas Custer 2210: 2207: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2183: 2180: 2176: 2174: 2170: 2167: 2163: 2160: 2156: 2153: 2149: 2147: 2143: 2140: 2136: 2135: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2117: 2111: 2110: 2105: 2101: 2089: 2086:Crow warrior 2082: 2073: 2067: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2051:Fort Robinson 2048: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2017: 2011: 2007: 2003: 2001: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1959: 1947: 1938: 1936: 1930: 1927: 1918: 1914: 1913: 1907: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1888: 1876: 1870: 1858: 1849: 1847: 1837: 1835: 1829: 1826: 1808: 1803: 1796: 1791: 1790: 1789: 1776: 1764: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1734: 1732: 1728: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1716:counting coup 1713: 1708: 1699: 1697: 1691: 1687: 1684: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1661: 1658: 1650: 1647:December 2013 1640: 1636: 1630: 1629: 1624:This section 1622: 1618: 1613: 1612: 1604: 1601: 1597: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1575:Edward Curtis 1567: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1534: 1528: 1523: 1517: 1515: 1505: 1496: 1494: 1489: 1487: 1478: 1477:Pretty Shield 1475:According to 1473: 1471: 1466: 1462: 1459: 1453: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1410: 1400: 1396: 1394: 1385: 1381: 1372: 1369: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1357:skirmish line 1353: 1349: 1347: 1338: 1328: 1322:Reno's attack 1311: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1303: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1274: 1270: 1268: 1261: 1256: 1254: 1248: 1243: 1241: 1236: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1216: 1196: 1192: 1190: 1185: 1183: 1173: 1154: 1152: 1147: 1144: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1122: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1102:Rosebud Creek 1099: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1043: 1039: 1034: 1030: 1028: 1027:Indian Bureau 1024: 1020: 1019:Washita River 1016: 1012: 1008: 997: 995: 994: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 960:20th Infantry 957: 953: 952:17th Infantry 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 906:. Brig. Gen. 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 880: 871: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 844:Rosebud Creek 840: 836: 827: 824: 819: 813: 801: 799: 795: 791: 787: 782: 778: 776: 772: 768: 764: 759: 757: 753: 749: 744: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 691: 689: 684: 683:Libbie Custer 680: 675: 673: 669: 665: 661: 660:major general 658: 654: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 630: 628: 624: 620: 616: 610: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 547: 540: 535: 521: 518: 516: 515:Wolf Mountain 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 462: 459: 454: 444: 439: 437: 432: 430: 425: 424: 421: 407: 386: 377: 370: 367: 366: 364: 358: 355: 352: 351: 349: 348: 343: 336: 333: 332: 327: 324: 321: 318: 317: 312: 306: 304: 298: 297:James Calhoun 295: 293: 291: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 268: 262: 259: 258: 256: 251: 248: 246: 244: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 219: 217: 216: 211: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 194:United States 192: 191: 189: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 169: 166: 165: 163: 162: 157: 149: 146: 145: 140: 101: 97: 93: 88: 85: 84: 80: 77: 76: 72: 69: 68: 61: 56: 53: 48: 43: 36: 34: 19: 12712:Sitting Bull 12590:Fort Laramie 12585:Fort Bridger 12370:Broken Arrow 12121:Independence 11718:Cowboy boots 11713:Western wear 11593:Mountain men 11433: 11254:Tanner Trail 11239:Pony Express 11234:Oregon Trail 11229:Mormon Trail 11099:Homesteading 11064:Cattle drive 11027:Peter Lebeck 11012:Annie Oakley 10972:Doc Holliday 10901:Luther Kelly 10881:Alexis Godey 10871:George Crook 10806:Sundance Kid 10761:Johnny Ringo 10751:Bill Downing 10532:Levi Ruggles 10492:Donner Party 10467:John Bozeman 10462:Daniel Boone 10401:Sitting Bull 10376:Plenty Coups 10311:Chief Joseph 10306:Bloody Knife 10301:Black Kettle 10001:1776 to 1912 9905:Mizpah Creek 9889:Canyon Creek 9848: 9703: 9692: 9673: 9601:archive PDF. 9598: 9484: 9463: 9441: 9418: 9397: 9377: 9357: 9334: 9310: 9290: 9269: 9245: 9228: 9218:. 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Retrieved 4598: 4588: 4571: 4566: 4556: 4547: 4534: 4525: 4516: 4507: 4499: 4493: 4485: 4471: 4457: 4445: 4440: 4431: 4422: 4412: 4393:reservations 4384: 4379:immediately. 4366: 4314: 4301:Melvyn Bragg 4294: 4283: 4270: 4260: 4251: 4240: 4215: 4206: 4197: 4196:The episode 4168: 4155: 4144: 4134: 4127: 4124:John Mulvany 4103: 4048: 4039: 4035: 4030: 4015: 4009: 3993: 3974: 3964: 3959: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3931:Frank Finkel 3929: 3921: 3917: 3902: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3872: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3840: 3830: 3821: 3817: 3808: 3805: 3801: 3793: 3785: 3782: 3767: 3742: 3734: 3701: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3630:Gatling guns 3623: 3605: 3600:The widowed 3599: 3591: 3582: 3578: 3569: 3563: 3553: 3550: 3541: 3512: 3493: 3472: 3445:Mark Kellogg 3354: 3345: 3336: 3244: 3202:Mitch Bouyer 3181:Bloody Knife 3164: 3143: 3111: 3090:Myles Moylan 3076: 3046:George Yates 3016: 3001: 2901:Dakota Sioux 2890:, Brave Bird 2865:Kicking Bear 2810:Sitting Bull 2802:Lakota Sioux 2794: 2682:: Crow scout 2638:Mitch Bouyer 2616:: Crow scout 2607:: Crow scout 2592:: Crow scout 2572:Bloody Knife 2566: 2549: 2538: 2527:, Old Bear, 2516: 2510: 2500: 2494: 2488: 2485:, Brave Bird 2478: 2458:Kicking Bear 2445: 2439: 2417: 2408: 2376:Sitting Bull 2371: 2365: 2266:James Porter 2241:George Yates 2196:Myles Moylan 2127:Participants 2114: 2107: 2097: 2088:Two Leggings 2072:Plenty Coups 2043: 2035:Oglala Sioux 2033: 2029: 2014: 2009: 1998: 1996: 1967: 1963: 1935:Plenty Coups 1931: 1922: 1910: 1895: 1891: 1887:Mitch Bouyer 1883: 1875:Mitch Bouyer 1843: 1830: 1824: 1821: 1786: 1751: 1747: 1736: 1730: 1724: 1709: 1705: 1692: 1688: 1680: 1671: 1668: 1653: 1644: 1633:Please help 1628:verification 1625: 1572: 1556: 1538: 1529: 1525: 1519: 1513: 1512: 1490: 1474: 1467: 1463: 1454: 1450: 1426: 1405: 1389: 1384:Bloody Knife 1368:Bloody Knife 1365: 1360: 1354: 1350: 1343: 1286: 1282: 1280: 1271: 1263: 1258: 1250: 1245: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1224: 1220: 1197: 1193: 1186: 1178: 1148: 1143:Mitch Bouyer 1139: 1123: 1119: 1095: 1078: 1046: 1015:Black Kettle 1003: 991: 988:Powder River 972:6th Infantry 940:Alfred Terry 936:Powder River 924:9th Infantry 920:4th Infantry 908:George Crook 892:7th Infantry 885: 860:reservations 852:Sitting Bull 832: 790:Dakota Sioux 786:Lakota Sioux 783: 779: 760: 756:reservations 748:Great Plains 745: 729:Fort Raymond 711:camp in the 702: 676: 645: 642:Sitting Bull 631: 615:Fort Laramie 611: 575:Lakota Sioux 570: 566: 554: 552: 489: 475:Powder River 302: 289: 266: 242: 222:Sitting Bull 159:Belligerents 64: 50:Part of the 32: 12707:Last stands 12516:San Antonio 12453:Oregon City 12448:McMinnville 12375:Fort Gibson 12307:Fort Sumner 12297:Albuquerque 12264:Carson City 12168:Fort Benton 12126:Kansas City 12098:Leavenworth 12019:Tallahassee 11870:Los Angeles 11855:Bakersfield 11832:Window Rock 11639:New Mexican 11629:Californian 11578:Ghost towns 11469:Mexican War 11464:Indian Wars 11337:Gold rushes 11317:Paul Bunyan 11224:Meek Cutoff 11184:Barlow Road 11054:Barbed wire 10987:Seth Kinman 10801:Soapy Smith 10796:Belle Starr 10786:Tom McLaury 10776:Tom Ketchum 10771:Frank James 10766:Jesse James 10746:Bill Doolin 10719:Ike Clanton 10658:John Selman 10648:Bass Reeves 10623:Pat Garrett 10608:Virgil Earp 10603:Morgan Earp 10588:Elfego Baca 10527:Juan Rivera 10472:Jim Bridger 10351:Ganundalegi 10336:Crazy Snake 10331:Crazy Horse 9857:Cedar Creek 9768:(1876–1877) 9760:(1866–1868) 9678:Documentary 9611:100 Voices: 8710:BBC Radio 4 8656:Live A Live 8652:Square-Enix 8447:www.nps.gov 8418:January 15, 8377:January 15, 7600:volley fire 7002:January 17, 6968:October 19, 6910:January 13, 6639:October 19, 6110:. The Sioux 5709:January 24, 5683:January 24, 5652:January 19, 5272:January 17, 5268:. July 2007 5230:January 18, 4637:December 7, 4626:Smithsonian 4463:1st Cavalry 4338:Dade battle 4296:In Our Time 4291:BBC Radio 4 4262:Live A Live 4242:The Cowboys 4175:Errol Flynn 4173:, starring 4162:Roy Stewart 3905:Crow scouts 3844:Indian Wars 3748:7th Cavalry 3694:Springfield 3614:Pawnee Bill 3349:Crow scouts 3342:7th Cavalry 3225:Fred Gerard 3142:Pack train 3125:Thomas Weir 3081:Marcus Reno 3055:Myles Keogh 2910:Wahpekute: 2869:Flying Hawk 2857:Crazy Horse 2765:Crow scouts 2599:Fred Gerard 2462:Flying Hawk 2450:Crazy Horse 2411:: Crawler, 2352:Pretty Nose 2262:Myles Keogh 2224:Thomas Weir 2186:Luther Hare 2146:Marcus Reno 2100:Black Hills 2006:Grant Marsh 1985:Crow scout 1917:Grant Marsh 1846:volley fire 1834:Myles Keogh 1696:volley fire 1551:. (Credit: 1458:breastworks 1414:Crazy Horse 1409:Thomas Weir 1283:Lone Teepee 1277:Lone Teepee 1215:Crow scouts 1182:Fred Gerard 1127:Marcus Reno 980:Fort Buford 956:Gatling gun 944:7th Cavalry 916:2nd Cavalry 912:3rd Cavalry 896:2nd Cavalry 888:John Gibbon 771:Army scouts 733:Yellowstone 725:Manuel Lisa 713:Yellowstone 662:during the 634:Crazy Horse 619:Black Hills 505:Cedar Creek 500:Slim Buttes 284:Myles Keogh 274:Marcus Reno 227:Crazy Horse 199:Crow scouts 126: / 113:107°25′44″W 18:Lone Teepee 12631:Categories 12501:Fort Worth 12438:The Dalles 12405:Tishomingo 12292:Alamogordo 12183:Livingston 12163:Deer Lodge 12083:Dodge City 12037:Fort Boise 11994:Negro Fort 11961:Rapid City 11956:Pine Ridge 11951:Fort Yates 11875:Sacramento 11847:California 11807:Fort Grant 11723:Cowboy hat 11691:New Mexico 11671:Weird West 11624:Chuckwagon 11537:Sheep Wars 11499:Range wars 11322:Pecos Bill 11292:Johnny Kaw 11287:John Henry 11282:Dime novel 11177:and trails 11154:Tack piano 11134:Stagecoach 11089:Ghost town 10851:Kit Carson 10839:and scouts 10699:Black Bart 10613:Wyatt Earp 10341:Dasoda-hae 10326:Crazy Bear 10296:Black Hawk 8750:References 7687:warriors". 7571:traders'." 7262:August 25, 6795:Hardorff, 6611:August 30, 6558:Brown, Dee 6000:0803280254 5842:Nevin 1973 5815:Nevin 1973 5334:Gray, John 5174:August 19, 4605:August 31, 4237:John Wayne 4116:See also: 4064:H.R. Locke 3659:Historian 3556:dispatch. 3447:: reporter 3300:Plate XLIV 3236:Casualties 2993:Battalion 2934:Wooden Leg 2847:White Bull 2837:Kill Eagle 2822:Black Moon 2818:Chief Gall 2808:Hunkpapa: 2713:Goes Ahead 2686:White Swan 2605:Goes Ahead 2525:Wooden Leg 2434:White Bull 2422:Black Moon 2413:Kill Eagle 2388:Black Moon 2384:Chief Gall 2226:, 2nd Lt. 2198:, 1st Lt. 2055:Miniconjou 2021:centennial 1702:Last stand 1672:Ashishishe 1583:Goes Ahead 1418:White Bull 1049:Deep South 1007:Fort Riley 954:, and the 900:Fort Ellis 833:Among the 752:Sioux Wars 694:Background 638:Chief Gall 561:and other 368:268 killed 232:Chief Gall 132: ( 110:45°33′54″N 12567:Vancouver 12443:La Grande 12410:Tuskahoma 12400:Tahlequah 12380:Fort Sill 12347:Tucumcari 12317:Las Vegas 12246:Whiteclay 12241:Valentine 12173:Fort Peck 12131:St. Louis 12088:Ellsworth 12042:Fort Hall 12014:St. Marks 11999:Pensacola 11913:Telluride 11880:San Diego 11865:Jamestown 11822:Tombstone 11764:Anchorage 11612:Influence 11583:Gunfights 11375:Gunfights 11219:Lolo Pass 11175:Transport 11114:Moonshine 11104:Land rush 11094:Gunfights 11084:Fast draw 11059:Boot Hill 10957:C. S. Fly 10921:Al Sieber 10628:Jack Helm 10512:Joe Mayer 10450:Explorers 10421:Ten Bears 10406:Smallwood 10391:Sacagawea 10386:Red Cloud 10366:Manuelito 10361:Kiliahote 10211:Seminoles 10171:Nez Perce 10036:Blackfoot 9924:Massacres 9199:cite book 8585:March 15, 8559:March 15, 8498:, p. 236. 8403:Macmillan 8346:August 2, 7649:traders." 7064:March 15, 6937:March 15, 6858:March 16, 6797:Hokayhey! 6786:, p. 109. 6741:March 15, 6711:cite book 6542:April 12, 6437:cite book 6408:cite book 6312:cite book 6054:March 15, 5763:March 15, 5736:March 15, 5146:162234777 5105:March 15, 5011:March 12, 4985:. p. 163. 4581:Citations 4376:John Pope 4359:Footnotes 4299:featured 4235:The 1972 4224:and 1970 4154:In 1926, 3973:noted in 3697:trapdoor. 3606:Wild West 3486:in 1877. 3484:Nez Perce 3312:Plate XLV 3270:Red Horse 3247:Red Horse 3221:(wounded) 3172:(wounded) 2930:Two Moons 2912:Inkpaduta 2877:Black Elk 2843:Lame Deer 2814:Crow King 2674:Two Moons 2557:Two Moons 2539:Arapahoes 2521:Two Moons 2505:Inkpaduta 2466:Black Elk 2430:Lame Deer 2426:Red Horse 2380:Crow King 2109:Paha Sapa 2091:country." 2038:Black Elk 1901:Aftermath 1591:Two Moons 1573:In 1908, 839:Sun Dance 826:Sun Dance 721:St. Louis 657:brevetted 250:Two Moons 12616:Category 12506:Gonzales 12458:Portland 12395:Pawhuska 12390:Okmulgee 12342:Santa Fe 12332:Mogollon 12302:Cimarron 12231:Ogallala 12203:Nebraska 12188:Missoula 12153:Billings 12113:Missouri 12052:Illinois 11941:Deadwood 11936:Bismarck 11918:Trinidad 11895:Colorado 11812:Prescott 11769:Iditarod 11696:Red Dirt 11269:Folklore 11079:Cow town 10997:Nat Love 10891:Tom Horn 10837:Soldiers 10598:Roy Bean 10454:pioneers 10441:Washakie 10436:Victorio 10346:Geronimo 10321:Degataga 10216:Shoshone 10161:Muscogee 10146:Maricopa 10121:Kumeyaay 10111:Kickapoo 10106:Hualapai 10076:Comanche 10051:Cheyenne 10041:Cahuilla 9897:Bear Paw 9881:Big Hole 9809:Hayfield 9782:Crow War 9685:Archived 9666:Archived 9567:Portals 9266:(2010). 9237:45499454 9123:Warpaths 9120:(1996). 8891:(1939). 8860:38114524 8727:Archived 8702:Archived 8679:Archived 8553:Archived 8475:Archived 8457:April 7, 8451:Archived 8395:(1984). 8371:Archived 8151:June 10, 8145:Archived 8064:Archived 7256:Archived 7196:Archived 7058:Archived 6962:Archived 6931:Archived 6904:Archived 6882:Archived 6831:Archived 6799:, p. 13. 6782:Graham, 6682:(1996). 6600:Newsweek 6483:Archived 6225:Archived 6154:, p. 88. 6150:Graham, 6113:Archived 6072:Archived 6015:Archived 5949:, p. 246 5906:Archived 5757:Archived 5730:Archived 5703:Archived 5677:Archived 5572:Archived 5336:(1991). 5168:Archived 5099:Archived 5055:Archived 4572:Far West 4480:and the 4401:lean-tos 4322:See also 4293:program 4027:Billings 3987:Comanche 3967:Comanche 3724:and the 3709:cap-lock 3690:repeater 3628:and two 3219:, Goose 2938:Old Bear 2855:Oglala: 2830:One Bull 2789:Leaders 2474:Big Road 2400:One Bull 2285:(killed) 2268:(killed) 2219:(killed) 2168:(killed) 2161:(killed) 2154:(killed) 2141:(killed) 2010:Far West 2000:Far West 1912:Far West 1725:Captain 1420:, Hump, 1299:Sans Arc 1080:Colonel 1066:European 1062:American 993:Far West 864:infantry 862:, using 823:Cheyenne 794:Cheyenne 625:and the 623:Arikaras 329:Strength 86:Location 35:(serial) 12562:Seattle 12552:Everett 12511:Lubbock 12496:El Paso 12491:Abilene 12433:Astoria 12337:Roswell 12327:Mesilla 12322:Lincoln 12211:Chadron 12158:Bozeman 12103:Wichita 12078:Abilene 11971:Yankton 11817:Phoenix 11784:Skagway 11659:Tex-Mex 11598:Outlaws 10687:Outlaws 10396:Seattle 10356:Irataba 10316:Cochise 10266:Yavapai 10236:Tonkawa 10196:Pequots 10126:Kutenai 10096:Hidatsa 10071:Cocopah 10056:Chinook 10026:Arikara 10021:Arapaho 9833:Rosebud 9793:Battles 9648:in the 8901:4387990 8687:BBC Two 8367:NewWest 8329:, 63(1) 8070:May 16, 7811:Terry." 7387:force." 6852:nps.gov 6769:May 19, 6489:May 18, 5956:, p. 86 5912:May 24, 4405:travois 3989:in 1887 3933:, from 3726:Spencer 3675:Weapons 3113:Captain 2966:Arapaho 2552:Arapaho 2057:Sioux. 1825:mallets 1753:before. 1600:Arikara 1208:⁄ 1157:Prelude 1106:Bighorn 1021:in the 1011:cholera 982:on the 966:in the 930:in the 868:cavalry 848:Montana 737:Bighorn 672:Arikara 597:in the 589:of the 583:Arapaho 565:as the 485:Rosebud 303:† 290:† 267:† 243:† 183:Arapaho 12486:Austin 12415:Wewoka 12312:Gallup 12256:Nevada 12178:Helena 12070:Kansas 11989:Angola 11908:Denver 11903:Creede 11860:Fresno 11827:Tucson 11779:Seward 11756:Alaska 11748:Places 11701:Tejano 11588:Lawmen 10930:Others 10740:Emmett 10581:Lawmen 10371:Massai 10256:Yakama 10251:Washoe 10241:Umpqua 10206:Pueblo 10186:Pawnee 10166:Navajo 10156:Mohave 10141:Mandan 10131:Lakota 10086:Dakota 10046:Cayuse 10016:Apache 9942:(1908) 9934:(1870) 9915:(1880) 9907:(1879) 9899:(1877) 9891:(1877) 9883:(1877) 9875:(1877) 9867:(1877) 9859:(1876) 9851:(1876) 9843:(1876) 9835:(1876) 9827:(1876) 9819:(1873) 9811:(1867) 9803:(1865) 9784:(1887) 9776:(1877) 9752:(1865) 9471: 9450: 9427: 9404: 9385: 9364: 9345: 9318: 9297: 9278: 9252: 9235: 9187: 9168: 9149: 9130: 9106: 9087: 9068: 9049: 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Battle of the Little Bighorn

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