42:
3228:
3206:
3194:
3182:
3170:
3158:
3146:
2670:
672:
344:
600:. The large county boroughs provided all local government services and held the powers usually invested in county councils. The municipal borough and urban district authorities had fewer powers. The situation was made more complex because county councils could delegate functions such as elementary education and library provision to the municipal borough and district councils, and this was implemented piecemeal. Reform of London local government sought to regularise this arrangement.
1867:
2682:
4014:
3065:
3048:
3031:
3014:
2997:
2980:
2963:
2944:
2927:
2912:
2902:
2885:
2870:
2860:
2845:
2835:
2820:
2803:
2793:
2778:
366:
1722:(GLC). The split of powers and functions meant that the Greater London Council was responsible for "wide area" services such as fire, ambulance, flood prevention, and refuse disposal; with the London borough councils responsible for "personal" services such as social care, libraries, cemeteries and refuse collection. Several London borough councils and the GLC were involved in the
361:
370:
367:
369:
354:
244:
The London boroughs have populations of between 150,000 and 400,000. Inner London boroughs tend to be smaller, in both population and area, and more densely populated than Outer London boroughs. The London boroughs were created by combining groups of former local government units. A review undertaken
3435:
The municipal corporation of a borough shall (a) in the case of a borough being a city, the mayor of which is entitled to bear the title of lord mayor, bear the name of the lord mayor, aldermen and citizens of the city; (b) in the case of any other borough being a city, bear the name of the mayor,
607:
was established in 1957 and the report was published on 19 October 1960. It proposed 52 "Greater London
Boroughs" with a population range of 100,000 to 250,000. This was made up of a mixture of whole existing units, mergers of two or three areas, and two boroughs formed as the result of a split. In
3117:
are a mix of a) the plausibly obvious and b) a little hard data, brought together to produce two broad assertions, for which there is little hard factual evidence. He argues that shared service projects fail (and often end up costing more than they hoped to save) because they cause a disruption to
1752:
provided a mechanism for the name of a London borough and its council to be changed. This was used by the London
Borough of Hammersmith (changed to Hammersmith and Fulham) on 1 April 1979 and the London Borough of Barking (changed to Barking and Dagenham) on 1 January 1980. Borough names formed by
351:
3084:
are borough council services shared between two or more boroughs. Shared services were previously resisted due to councils guarding their authority. However, as the need for budget cuts in the late 2000s became apparent some councils have sought service mergers. Westminster and
Hammersmith &
1756:
The London boroughs were created by combining whole existing units of local government and it was realised that this might provide arbitrary boundaries in some places. The London
Government Act 1963 provided a mechanism for communities on the edge of Greater London to petition for transfer from
353:
1785:
was established by the Local
Government Act 1972 to review periodically the boundaries of Greater London and the London boroughs. The first review of boundaries commenced on 1 April 1987 and reported in 1992. Following the review a series of relatively minor adjustments were made to borough
360:
365:
368:
371:
372:
364:
362:
374:
352:
348:
245:
between 1987 and 1992 led to a number of relatively small alterations in borough boundaries. London borough councils provide the majority of local government services (schools, waste management, social services, libraries), in contrast to the strategic
363:
373:
1769:
in
Croydon to Surrey. The Act also provided for transfers between London boroughs and neighbouring counties where there was consensus for the change between all the relevant local authorities. This provision was used to exchange two islands on the
376:
349:
350:
377:
3101:
to create a "super-council". Each would retain its own political identity, leadership and councillors but staff and budgets would be combined for cost savings. Lambeth and
Southwark likewise expressed an interest in sharing services.
357:
355:
356:
375:
1794:. The commission noted that many of its recommendations were strongly opposed and were not implemented. The boundary of the City of London with adjacent boroughs was adjusted to remove some anomalies.
2149:
2144:
359:
379:
3118:
the service flow by moving the work to a central location, creating waste in hand-offs, rework and duplication, lengthening the time it takes to deliver a service and consequently creating
3271:
Local government legislation makes special provision for the City of London
Corporation, Inner Temple and Middle Temple to perform the functions of London borough councils in their areas.
637:, praised by official Opposition and government who further noted that unusually the former County of London's many small local authorities had no history of providing education. The
358:
4162:
1726:
of 1985. On 1 April 1986 the GLC was abolished and the borough councils gained responsibility for some services that had been provided by the
Greater London Council, such as
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2402:
2397:
265:
608:
December 1961 the government proposed that there would be 34 boroughs rather than 52, and detailed their boundaries. The proposed number was further reduced to 32 in 1962.
2730:
in London and are responsible for running most local services, such as schools, social services, waste collection and roads. Some London-wide services are run by the
3252:
4222:
4212:
347:
378:
201:, England; each is governed by a London borough council. The present London boroughs were all created at the same time as Greater London on 1 April 1965 by the
4261:
3612:
668:
The boroughs were created as follows. Some relatively minor changes have been made to the boundaries of boroughs since 1965, and two have changed their names.
604:
3334:
3106:
2214:
3516:
4302:
2726:
The London boroughs are administered by London borough councils (sometimes abbreviated LBCs), which are elected every four years. They are the principal
225:
local government district that functions quite differently from a London borough. However, the two counties together comprise the administrative area of
4297:
4155:
4002:
3119:
1782:
1801:. In the London boroughs the legal entity is not the council, as elsewhere in the country, but the inhabitants incorporated as a legal entity by
3436:
aldermen and citizens of the city; and (c) in the case of any other borough, bear the name of the mayor,' aldermen and burgesses of the borough.
2056:
3980:
4233:
4148:
3090:
3086:
2319:
2284:
680:
597:
41:
2713:
2645:
2219:
289:
269:
2354:
2324:
2229:
1456:
568:
3605:
1594:
688:
593:
1833:. As a strategic authority, it absorbed only limited powers, such as major highways and planning strategy, from the borough councils.
1488:
1468:
257:
3551:
3205:
3193:
3181:
3169:
3157:
3145:
3804:
2635:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2076:
2066:
2061:
1438:
800:
404:
3839:
1775:
856:
788:
399:
309:
17:
3874:
3749:
2597:
1990:
1791:
1630:
1616:
1494:
1064:
513:
459:
260:, subject to periodic review, for the purpose of electing councillors. Council elections take place every four years, with the
3995:
3939:
3844:
3695:
3598:
3122:(demand caused by a failure to do something or do something right for a customer). Seddon referred directly to the so-called
2374:
2052:
1668:
1480:
1228:
1158:
1046:
980:
464:
3580:
4171:
4037:
3466:
3335:"The Local Government Boundary Commission for England, The Boundaries of Greater London and The London Borough, Report 627"
2739:
2369:
2139:
1727:
4292:
2091:
1420:
1052:
808:
3085:
Fulham were due to merge their education services, including school admissions and transport, by 2011. In
October 2010,
3970:
2640:
2176:
1985:
1250:
1040:
1018:
954:
948:
898:
864:
782:
722:
301:
3917:
3710:
2607:
2379:
2304:
2086:
2081:
1012:
960:
836:
748:
716:
564:
297:
137:
4243:
3988:
3894:
2706:
2578:
2359:
2349:
2314:
2274:
1740:
authority. In 1990 it was abolished and the Inner London borough councils also became local education authorities.
1731:
1700:
1680:
1570:
1526:
1426:
926:
920:
842:
754:
634:
528:
305:
3448:
4218:
4208:
3889:
2334:
2309:
2299:
2289:
1798:
1656:
1636:
1348:
992:
972:
892:
870:
776:
728:
424:
3520:
4112:
4055:
4010:
3715:
3700:
2627:
2329:
2279:
2269:
2259:
2249:
2186:
1688:
1532:
1342:
1316:
1210:
1182:
986:
814:
3227:
2669:
1923:
2364:
2344:
2339:
2294:
2264:
2254:
2239:
2234:
2029:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1600:
1500:
1432:
1304:
1284:
1112:
1078:
584:
From the mid-1930s, the Greater London area comprised four types of local government authorities. There were
4307:
3899:
3824:
2244:
1964:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1850:
1564:
1520:
1412:
1392:
1336:
1310:
1204:
1176:
1124:
1072:
1004:
553:
409:
3416:
1718:
Between 1965 and 1986 the boroughs were part of a two-tier system of government and shared power with the
3946:
3879:
3869:
3834:
3123:
3098:
2727:
2699:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2407:
2191:
1845:
1694:
1624:
1588:
1580:
1368:
1278:
1140:
1118:
940:
828:
660:, with the new councils acting as shadow authorities before coming into their powers the following year.
657:
518:
434:
419:
261:
253:
3854:
3829:
3819:
3809:
3794:
2602:
2111:
2105:
1558:
1552:
1448:
1384:
1328:
1272:
1146:
1106:
912:
740:
642:
617:
533:
508:
498:
493:
454:
313:
202:
78:
4238:
4102:
3849:
3799:
3789:
3779:
3769:
2751:
1806:
1749:
1662:
1398:
1296:
1244:
1236:
1196:
884:
768:
630:
538:
488:
483:
429:
414:
4287:
3884:
3864:
3859:
3814:
3784:
3774:
3759:
3754:
3659:
3094:
2731:
2384:
2047:
1928:
1887:
1876:
1822:
1648:
1544:
1512:
1360:
1264:
1216:
1132:
1092:
708:
548:
543:
523:
503:
478:
469:
449:
439:
246:
234:
4065:
4018:
3764:
3740:
2205:
2134:
1914:
1606:
1168:
1152:
633:, but Inner London borough councils were so designated primarily to continue the existence of an
444:
333:
273:
3962:
3555:
1905:
1723:
1719:
1462:
281:
3585:
3954:
1757:
London boroughs to a neighbouring county district. This was used in 1969 in the transfers of
1100:
4190:
4097:
4080:
3690:
2747:
2743:
2117:
2042:
1813:
of the London Borough of X" (or "The Lord Mayor and Citizens of the City of Westminster").
1222:
190:
57:
8:
4266:
4060:
4047:
3904:
2652:
2584:
1032:
394:
4140:
4032:
3114:
1858:
563:
There are four boroughs that do not have "London Borough" in their official names: the
285:
230:
4200:
2129:
1897:
684:
589:
277:
3363:
1910:
1762:
256:, and acted as shadow authorities until 1 April 1965. Each borough is divided into
1753:
combining two locality names had been discouraged when the boroughs were created.
4253:
4125:
3727:
3669:
3664:
3081:
2735:
2686:
1976:
1882:
1830:
1826:
1810:
671:
238:
4228:
4120:
4070:
3638:
3633:
3622:
3590:
3388:
2181:
676:
638:
612:
585:
388:
226:
214:
205:(c. 33) and are a type of local government district. Twelve were designated as
198:
194:
67:
4281:
3927:
3491:
3246:
3233:
2674:
1802:
650:
321:
143:
4092:
4084:
3922:
3453:
2121:
1771:
646:
626:
622:
317:
210:
206:
120:
114:
3492:"Lambeth and Southwark councils to merge some services under Labour plan"
3478:
3110:
2071:
220:
3312:
The Report of The Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London
2681:
3404:
The Municipal Corporations Act 1882 shall apply to every London borough
1893:
1866:
621:. Twelve boroughs in the former County of London area were designated
2612:
1809:). Thus, a London authority's official legal title is "The Mayor and
1787:
1758:
324:
Temples, which are not governed by the City of London Corporation).
3113:, claims that shared service projects based on attempts to achieve
1797:
The London boroughs were incorporated using the provisions of the
4013:
3241:
2734:, and some services and lobbying of government are pooled within
2623:
293:
47:
571:
of Kingston upon Thames, Kensington and Chelsea, and Greenwich.
3643:
1766:
1805:(a process abolished elsewhere in England and Wales under the
3541:
Systems Thinking in the Public Sector, John Seddon, Page 57.
217:, the historic centre, is a separate ceremonial county and
3129:
249:, which has limited authority over all of Greater London.
3253:
Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom
4170:
675:
Former local authorities in the Greater London area *
605:
Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London
3449:
Public sector cuts will not hit 'back office' hardest
3136:
Results across Greater London Boroughs at ward level.
3223:
2738:. Some councils group together for services such as
3364:"The City and London Borough Boundaries Order 1993"
1786:boundaries, for example uniting the whole of the
312:). The City of London is instead governed by the
4279:
3620:
3552:"Shared illusions | Public Finance Opinion"
1783:Local Government Boundary Commission for England
3586:Directory of current Borough Leaders and Mayors
346:
288:model of executive governance, while five have
2057:Old Oak and Park Royal Development Corporation
1774:between Richmond upon Thames and Surrey. (See
4156:
3996:
3606:
2707:
653:Temples continued to govern their own areas.
629:boroughs. Outer London borough councils were
27:Administrative subdivisions of Greater London
1743:
611:On 1 April 1965, the 32 London boroughs and
270:political make-up of London borough councils
3467:London boroughs to share education services
1816:
1735:
625:boroughs and the 20 others were designated
218:
4303:Types of subdivision in the United Kingdom
4163:
4149:
4003:
3989:
3613:
3599:
3249:, subdivision codes for the United Kingdom
2714:
2700:
1836:
284:parties. Twenty-eight councils follow the
4298:Interested parties in planning in England
3479:Pickles backs plan to merge Tory councils
3389:"London Government Act 1963 (as amended)"
1713:
3517:"Why do we believe in economy of scale?"
3324:London Government Act 1963 Section 6 (4)
670:
3130:Gallery of London-wide election results
3105:The management thinker and inventor of
1776:List of Greater London boundary changes
233:, all of which is also governed by the
14:
4280:
3309:
4144:
3984:
3594:
3581:London Councils' page on the Boroughs
3289:Renamed Barking and Dagenham in 1980.
3280:Later renamed Hammersmith and Fulham.
2067:Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime
2053:London Legacy Development Corporation
663:
4172:Borough status in the United Kingdom
4038:ITL 1 statistical regions of England
641:continued to be administered by the
332:For a more comprehensive list, see
197:make up the administrative area of
24:
3076:
342:
46:The thirty-two London boroughs in
25:
4319:
3574:
3099:plans to merge all their services
4012:
3226:
3204:
3192:
3180:
3168:
3156:
3144:
3063:
3046:
3029:
3012:
2995:
2978:
2961:
2942:
2925:
2910:
2900:
2883:
2868:
2858:
2843:
2833:
2818:
2801:
2791:
2776:
2680:
2668:
1865:
1732:Inner London Education Authority
635:Inner London Education Authority
40:
4219:Municipal Corporations Act 1882
4209:Municipal Corporations Act 1835
3544:
3535:
3509:
3484:
3472:
3459:
3441:
1799:Municipal Corporations Act 1882
4191:Metropolitan borough (England)
3447:Jane Dudman (20 October 2010)
3409:
3381:
3356:
3327:
3318:
3303:
3283:
3274:
3265:
2746:and have similar functions to
2628:Politics of the United Kingdom
13:
1:
4262:Unreformed boroughs 1835–1886
4234:Metropolitan borough (London)
3465:Jaimie Kaffash (7 July 2010)
3296:
2740:waste collection and disposal
2579:London and the United Kingdom
2750:. Each borough council is a
2598:Parliamentary constituencies
1825:was created, comprising the
7:
3947:Metropolitan Board of Works
3481:, BBC News, 22 October 2010
3417:"Local Government Act 1933"
3219:
3124:tri-borough shared services
1761:in Bromley to Kent, and of
631:local education authorities
579:
10:
4324:
4293:Local government in London
2744:local government districts
2603:London Government Act 1963
2112:City of London Corporation
643:City of London Corporation
618:London Government Act 1963
574:
331:
314:City of London Corporation
203:London Government Act 1963
79:London Government Act 1963
4252:
4239:Local Government Act 1933
4199:
4178:
4103:Non-metropolitan district
4079:
4046:
4025:
3938:
3735:
3726:
3680:
3652:
3629:
2763:Greater London Authority
2752:local education authority
1807:Local Government Act 1972
1750:Local Government Act 1972
1744:Name and boundary changes
1734:continued to exist as an
1439:Yiewsley and West Drayton
702:
191:local authority districts
169:
161:
153:
130:
107:
99:
85:
73:
63:
58:Local authority districts
53:
39:
34:
4223:1882–1974 incorporations
4213:1835–1882 incorporations
3660:Greater London Authority
3258:
3091:Kensington & Chelsea
3087:Hammersmith & Fulham
2766:London borough councils
2732:Greater London Authority
2048:London Fire Commissioner
1877:Greater London Authority
1844:This article is part of
1823:Greater London Authority
1817:Greater London Authority
567:of Westminster, and the
476:
252:The councils were first
247:Greater London Authority
235:Greater London Authority
4066:Non-metropolitan county
4019:Subdivisions of England
3126:in an article in 2012.
2990:Leisure and recreation
2135:Court of Common Council
1837:London borough councils
656:Elections were held on
334:List of London boroughs
327:
290:directly elected mayors
209:boroughs and twenty as
193:that together with the
18:London borough councils
3963:Greater London Council
3840:Kensington and Chelsea
3805:Hammersmith and Fulham
2813:Planning applications
2632:Members of Parliament
2320:Kensington and Chelsea
2285:Hammersmith and Fulham
1906:Statutory Deputy Mayor
1736:
1724:rate-capping rebellion
1720:Greater London Council
1714:Greater London Council
1457:Brentford and Chiswick
1229:Chislehurst and Sidcup
1159:Chislehurst and Sidcup
857:Kensington and Chelsea
691:
405:Hammersmith and Fulham
400:Kensington and Chelsea
391:(not a London borough)
382:
229:as well as the London
219:
176:London borough council
3955:London County Council
3041:Environmental health
2748:metropolitan boroughs
1595:Wanstead and Woodford
681:Metropolitan boroughs
674:
598:metropolitan boroughs
381:
262:most recent elections
4098:Metropolitan borough
3875:Richmond upon Thames
3845:Kingston upon Thames
3750:Barking and Dagenham
2880:Passenger transport
2355:Richmond upon Thames
2325:Kingston upon Thames
2230:Barking and Dagenham
2043:Transport for London
1792:Barking and Dagenham
1617:Richmond upon Thames
1489:Kingston upon Thames
1481:Kingston upon Thames
1469:Heston and Isleworth
1421:Hayes and Harlington
615:were created by the
514:Barking and Dagenham
465:Kingston upon Thames
460:Richmond upon Thames
272:is dominated by the
131:Possible status
4308:Boroughs in England
4267:Seigneurial borough
4061:Metropolitan county
3310:Sharpe, LJ (1961).
3107:the Vanguard Method
3058:Revenue collection
2855:Transport planning
2830:Strategic planning
2742:. The boroughs are
2653:London independence
2585:Minister for London
1851:Politics of England
1251:Coulsdon and Purley
395:City of Westminster
3424:legislation.gov.uk
3393:legislation.gov.uk
3368:Legislation.gov.uk
3115:economies of scale
1859:Politics of London
692:
685:Municipal boroughs
664:Former authorities
590:municipal boroughs
383:
286:leader and cabinet
266:the next elections
4275:
4274:
4201:Municipal borough
4138:
4137:
4113:Unitary authority
4056:Ceremonial county
3978:
3977:
3913:
3912:
3523:on 8 October 2011
3074:
3073:
3007:Waste collection
2728:local authorities
2724:
2723:
2130:Court of Aldermen
2092:Political parties
2062:Foreign relations
1929:Mayoral elections
1711:
1710:
1527:Merton and Morden
1495:Malden and Coombe
1427:Ruislip Northwood
561:
560:
268:due in 2026. The
183:
182:
16:(Redirected from
4315:
4165:
4158:
4151:
4142:
4141:
4017:
4016:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3982:
3981:
3967:
3959:
3951:
3733:
3732:
3615:
3608:
3601:
3592:
3591:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3558:on 21 April 2013
3554:. Archived from
3548:
3542:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3519:. Archived from
3513:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3496:London-se1.co.uk
3488:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3469:, Public Finance
3463:
3457:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3432:
3430:
3421:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3399:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3339:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3307:
3290:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3236:
3231:
3230:
3211:2022 results map
3208:
3199:2018 results map
3196:
3187:2014 results map
3184:
3175:2010 results map
3172:
3163:2006 results map
3160:
3151:2002 results map
3148:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2956:Social services
2949:
2946:
2945:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2757:
2756:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2685:
2684:
2673:
2672:
2646:Liberal Democrat
1911:Joanne McCartney
1869:
1841:
1840:
1739:
1669:Sutton and Cheam
694:
693:
345:
339:
338:
282:Liberal Democrat
224:
44:
32:
31:
21:
4323:
4322:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4288:London boroughs
4278:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4254:Ancient borough
4248:
4195:
4174:
4169:
4139:
4134:
4126:Isles of Scilly
4075:
4042:
4021:
4011:
4009:
3979:
3974:
3966:(GLC) 1965–1986
3965:
3958:(LCC) 1889–1965
3957:
3950:(MBW) 1855–1889
3949:
3934:
3909:
3728:London Councils
3722:
3711:Lord Lieutenant
3707:Greater London
3696:Lord Lieutenant
3687:City of London
3676:
3670:Mayor of London
3665:London Assembly
3648:
3625:
3619:
3577:
3572:
3571:
3561:
3559:
3550:
3549:
3545:
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3526:
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3515:
3514:
3510:
3500:
3498:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3477:
3473:
3464:
3460:
3446:
3442:
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3426:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3397:
3395:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3372:
3370:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3347:
3345:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3284:
3279:
3275:
3270:
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3232:
3225:
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3212:
3209:
3200:
3197:
3188:
3185:
3176:
3173:
3164:
3161:
3152:
3149:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3082:Shared services
3079:
3077:Shared services
3068:
3064:
3051:
3047:
3034:
3030:
3024:Waste disposal
3017:
3013:
3000:
2996:
2983:
2979:
2966:
2962:
2947:
2943:
2930:
2926:
2915:
2911:
2905:
2901:
2888:
2884:
2873:
2869:
2863:
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2848:
2844:
2838:
2834:
2823:
2819:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2792:
2781:
2777:
2736:London Councils
2720:
2691:
2679:
2667:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2608:Lord-Lieutenant
2593:
2581:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2390:
2389:
2225:
2224:
2220:Council make-up
2209:
2201:London boroughs
2197:
2196:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2108:
2106:London Councils
2098:
2097:
2096:
2077:1998 referendum
2038:
2037:
1981:
1977:London Assembly
1973:
1972:
1924:Mayoral cabinet
1919:
1909:
1902:
1891:
1883:Mayor of London
1879:
1849:
1839:
1831:London Assembly
1827:Mayor of London
1819:
1746:
1716:
789:Stoke Newington
697:London borough
689:Urban districts
677:County boroughs
666:
594:urban districts
586:county boroughs
582:
577:
380:
343:
337:
330:
258:electoral wards
254:elected in 1964
239:Mayor of London
187:London boroughs
179:
157:150,000–400,000
149:
126:
95:
74:Created by
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4321:
4311:
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4305:
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4295:
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4269:
4264:
4258:
4256:
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4236:
4231:
4229:County borough
4226:
4216:
4205:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4186:London borough
4182:
4180:
4176:
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4167:
4160:
4153:
4145:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4130:
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4121:City of London
4110:
4108:London borough
4105:
4100:
4095:
4089:
4087:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4071:Greater London
4068:
4063:
4058:
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3914:
3911:
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3897:
3895:Waltham Forest
3892:
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3639:Greater London
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3630:
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3623:Greater London
3621:Governance of
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1991:Constituencies
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1728:waste disposal
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2710:
2705:
2703:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2564:
2561:
2559:
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2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
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2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
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2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
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2441:
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2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:Tower Hamlets
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2107:
2102:
2101:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2087:2007 Act
2085:
2083:
2082:1999 Act
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1803:royal charter
1800:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1741:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1231:(part) (20d)
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1125:Friern Barnet
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1047:St Marylebone
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
981:Bethnal Green
979:
976:
974:
973:Tower Hamlets
971:
970:
967:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
942:
939:
938:
935:
933:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
914:
911:
910:
907:
905:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
886:
883:
882:
879:
877:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
858:
855:
854:
851:
849:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
823:
821:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
802:
799:
798:
795:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
770:
767:
766:
763:
761:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
742:
739:
738:
735:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
710:
707:
706:
703:Former areas
699:
696:
695:
690:
686:
682:
678:
673:
669:
661:
659:
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
619:
614:
609:
606:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
572:
570:
566:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
425:Tower Hamlets
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
390:
387:
386:
385:
341:
340:
335:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
310:Tower Hamlets
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
264:in 2022, and
263:
259:
255:
250:
248:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
223:
222:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
175:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
145:
144:Royal borough
142:
139:
136:
135:
133:
129:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
91:
90:
88:
84:
81:
80:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4185:
4179:Contemporary
4117:sui generis
4107:
4093:Civil parish
4085:civil parish
3923:Inner Temple
3736:
3716:High Sheriff
3560:. Retrieved
3556:the original
3546:
3537:
3525:. Retrieved
3521:the original
3511:
3499:. Retrieved
3495:
3486:
3474:
3461:
3454:The Guardian
3452:
3443:
3434:
3427:. Retrieved
3423:
3411:
3403:
3396:. Retrieved
3392:
3383:
3371:. Retrieved
3367:
3358:
3346:. Retrieved
3342:Lgbce.org.uk
3341:
3329:
3320:
3311:
3305:
3285:
3276:
3267:
3109:, Professor
3104:
3080:
2725:
2636:Conservative
2619:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2122:Peter Estlin
2116:
2110:
2028:
1975:
1974:
1963:
1904:
1903:
1892:
1881:
1821:In 2000 the
1820:
1796:
1780:
1772:River Thames
1755:
1747:
1717:
1609:(part) (26d)
1603:(part) (26c)
1573:(part) (27d)
1567:(part) (27c)
1161:(part) (23d)
1081:(part) (25b)
1075:(part) (25a)
757:(part) (22b)
700:Designation
667:
655:
627:Outer London
623:Inner London
616:
610:
602:
583:
562:
274:Conservative
251:
243:
237:, under the
211:Outer London
207:Inner London
186:
184:
121:Outer London
115:Inner London
92:1 April 1965
77:
29:
3905:Westminster
3501:22 December
3429:15 February
3398:15 February
3373:22 December
3348:21 December
3111:John Seddon
3095:Westminster
2385:Westminster
2072:London Plan
1701:Walthamstow
1107:East Barnet
1053:Westminster
1033:Westminster
1021:(part) (5a)
901:(part) (6b)
809:Hammersmith
801:Hammersmith
221:sui generis
189:are the 32
154:Populations
4282:Categories
3940:Historical
3900:Wandsworth
3825:Hillingdon
3691:Lord Mayor
3681:Ceremonial
3297:References
3097:announced
2973:Libraries
2771:Education
2394:Elections
2380:Wandsworth
2305:Hillingdon
2118:Lord Mayor
1995:Elections
1894:Sadiq Khan
1848:within the
1790:estate in
1663:Carshalton
1657:Beddington
1637:Twickenham
1413:Hillingdon
1399:Hornchurch
1349:Wood Green
1041:Paddington
1019:Wandsworth
1005:Wandsworth
955:Camberwell
949:Bermondsey
899:Wandsworth
865:Kensington
783:Shoreditch
723:St Pancras
658:7 May 1964
645:, and the
554:Hillingdon
410:Wandsworth
170:Government
3880:Southwark
3870:Redbridge
3835:Islington
3795:Greenwich
3527:6 October
2897:Highways
2613:Ken Olisa
2360:Southwark
2350:Redbridge
2315:Islington
2275:Greenwich
2140:Elections
1811:Burgesses
1788:Becontree
1759:Knockholt
1689:Chingford
1581:Redbridge
1533:Wimbledon
1343:Tottenham
1317:Southgate
1217:Orpington
1211:Beckenham
1183:Willesden
1013:Battersea
961:Southwark
941:Southwark
837:Islington
829:Islington
749:Greenwich
741:Greenwich
717:Hampstead
519:Redbridge
499:Greenwich
435:Islington
420:Southwark
316:(and the
165:12–150 km
4081:District
3855:Lewisham
3830:Hounslow
3820:Havering
3810:Haringey
3737:Boroughs
3701:Sheriffs
3653:Regional
3220:See also
2788:Housing
2760:Service
2687:Politics
2626:for the
2335:Lewisham
2310:Hounslow
2300:Havering
2290:Haringey
2187:Sheriffs
1846:a series
1829:and the
1763:Farleigh
1631:Richmond
1607:Chigwell
1601:Dagenham
1571:Woolwich
1559:East Ham
1553:West Ham
1501:Surbiton
1449:Hounslow
1433:Uxbridge
1385:Havering
1329:Haringey
1305:Edmonton
1285:Southall
1153:Crayford
1113:Finchley
1079:Dagenham
927:Deptford
921:Lewisham
913:Lewisham
843:Finsbury
755:Woolwich
580:Creation
534:Haringey
509:Havering
494:Lewisham
455:Hounslow
302:Lewisham
64:Location
54:Category
4033:Regions
3971:Leaders
3850:Lambeth
3800:Hackney
3790:Enfield
3780:Croydon
3770:Bromley
3562:13 July
3242:Borough
2922:Police
2624:metonym
2330:Lambeth
2280:Hackney
2270:Enfield
2260:Croydon
2250:Bromley
2177:Freemen
1565:Barking
1521:Mitcham
1463:Feltham
1393:Romford
1337:Hornsey
1311:Enfield
1297:Enfield
1245:Croydon
1237:Croydon
1205:Bromley
1197:Bromley
1177:Wembley
1073:Barking
1065:Barking
993:Stepney
893:Lambeth
885:Lambeth
871:Chelsea
777:Hackney
769:Hackney
729:Holborn
575:History
539:Enfield
489:Bromley
484:Croydon
430:Hackney
415:Lambeth
298:Hackney
294:Croydon
86:Created
48:England
4048:County
4026:Region
3885:Sutton
3865:Newham
3860:Merton
3815:Harrow
3785:Ealing
3775:Camden
3760:Bexley
3755:Barnet
3644:London
3344:. 1992
2675:London
2641:Labour
2620:London
2590:Vacant
2365:Sutton
2345:Newham
2340:Merton
2295:Harrow
2265:Ealing
2255:Camden
2240:Bexley
2235:Barnet
2182:Livery
2055:&
1853:on the
1767:Hooley
1737:ad hoc
1730:. The
1695:Leyton
1685:Outer
1653:Outer
1649:Sutton
1625:Barnes
1621:Outer
1589:Ilford
1585:Outer
1549:Outer
1545:Newham
1517:Outer
1513:Merton
1485:Outer
1453:Outer
1417:Outer
1389:Outer
1369:Harrow
1365:Outer
1361:Harrow
1333:Outer
1301:Outer
1279:Ealing
1269:Outer
1265:Ealing
1241:Outer
1201:Outer
1173:Outer
1141:Bexley
1137:Outer
1133:Bexley
1127:(31e)
1119:Hendon
1101:Barnet
1097:Outer
1093:Barnet
1069:Outer
1037:Inner
1009:Inner
987:Poplar
977:Inner
945:Inner
917:Inner
889:Inner
861:Inner
833:Inner
815:Fulham
805:Inner
773:Inner
745:Inner
713:Inner
709:Camden
651:Middle
549:Harrow
544:Barnet
524:Newham
504:Bexley
479:Sutton
470:Merton
450:Ealing
440:Camden
322:Middle
308:, and
306:Newham
278:Labour
231:Region
100:Number
3765:Brent
3420:(PDF)
3338:(PDF)
3259:Notes
2939:Fire
2622:as a
2245:Brent
2215:Wards
2192:Wards
1986:Chair
1703:(28b)
1697:(28c)
1691:(28a)
1671:(18a)
1665:(18b)
1659:(18c)
1639:(15c)
1633:(15b)
1627:(15a)
1597:(26b)
1591:(26a)
1561:(27b)
1555:(27a)
1535:(17a)
1529:(17b)
1523:(17c)
1503:(16c)
1497:(16b)
1491:(16a)
1471:(14b)
1465:(14a)
1459:(14c)
1441:(33d)
1435:(33a)
1429:(33b)
1423:(33c)
1401:(24b)
1395:(24a)
1351:(29a)
1345:(29c)
1339:(29b)
1319:(30b)
1313:(30a)
1307:(30c)
1287:(13c)
1281:(13a)
1275:(13b)
1273:Acton
1253:(19b)
1247:(19a)
1225:(20a)
1223:Penge
1219:(20e)
1213:(20b)
1207:(20c)
1185:(12b)
1179:(12a)
1169:Brent
1155:(23c)
1149:(23a)
1147:Erith
1143:(23b)
1121:(31c)
1115:(31d)
1109:(31b)
1103:(31a)
929:(21b)
923:(21a)
845:(10b)
839:(10a)
751:(22a)
731:(11c)
725:(11b)
719:(11a)
647:Inner
445:Brent
318:Inner
162:Areas
4083:and
3741:list
3564:2012
3529:2010
3503:2017
3431:2024
3400:2024
3375:2017
3350:2017
3093:and
2563:2022
2558:2018
2553:2014
2548:2010
2543:2006
2538:2002
2533:1998
2528:1994
2523:1990
2518:1986
2513:1982
2508:1978
2503:1974
2498:1971
2493:1968
2488:1964
2483:1962
2478:1959
2473:1956
2468:1953
2463:1949
2458:1945
2453:1937
2448:1934
2443:1931
2438:1928
2433:1925
2428:1922
2423:1919
2418:1912
2413:1909
2408:1906
2403:1903
2398:1900
2206:list
2170:2022
2165:2017
2160:2013
2155:2009
2150:2005
2145:2001
2030:2024
2024:2021
2019:2016
2014:2012
2009:2008
2004:2004
1999:2000
1965:2024
1959:2021
1954:2016
1949:2012
1944:2008
1939:2004
1934:2000
1915:L/Co
1888:list
1781:The
1765:and
1748:The
1371:(32)
1055:(2a)
1049:(2b)
1043:(2c)
1015:(5b)
995:(8b)
989:(8c)
983:(8a)
963:(7a)
957:(7c)
951:(7b)
895:(6a)
873:(3b)
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