905:
385:
said on 14 February that Choua had been "found" and that he was still alive. Also on 14 February the French
Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that the French ambassador to Chad had been allowed to visit Choua, who was being held in a military prison. On 16 February Minister of Communications,
297:. From 15 January 1993 to 7 April 1993 the Sovereign National Conference, which initiated the transition to multiparty elections, was held. Among the decisions of the conference was to form a transitional legislative body, the Higher Transitional Council (
373:, Choua was arrested by members of the presidential guard, who "acted with incredible brutality", and taken away in the back of a truck. Following international expressions of concern regarding the fate of Choua and two other opposition politicians (
537:
534:
429:
946:
387:
382:
518:
293:
overthrew Habré in 1990, and when he legalized opposition parties in 1992, one of them was Choua's Rally for
Democracy and Progress (RDP), based mainly in
666:
302:
270:
The problem of the rival government, and the transitional government's resistance to
Nigerian influence, led to two new peace conferences, this time in
235:
or GUNT) on 29 April 1979 by the four factions present at Kano I. The GUNT included 21 ministers, of whom 11 were northerners and 10 were southerners.
282:. The accord brought to the replacement of Choua with Goukouni as head of the transitional government, an act that was accomplished on 3 September.
941:
606:
320:
in Chad's history were held. Choua placed fifth, taking 5.93% of the vote, while DĂ©by won in the second round, held in July. He was elected to the
306:
228:
644:
961:
829:
205:
433:
454:
936:
186:
154:
352:
718:
702:
480:
359:
340:
325:
332:
317:
467:
762:
743:
490:
285:
Choua served as minister of transport in Habré's government, starting in 1982 to 1985, after returning from exile in
201:
583:
822:
260:
931:
278:. On 21 August an agreement between all factions, those of the CDR included, was signed; it became known as the
838:
560:
686:
663:
366:
336:
310:
244:
815:
224:, Nigeria, the MPLT, which suffered from a lack of members, chose Lol to head its delegation to meeting.
603:
351:. Choua is the President of the RDP Parliamentary Group in the National Assembly. In 2005, during the
321:
213:
641:
535:"RAPPORT DE LA MISSION DâOBSERVATION DU DEUXIEME TOURDES ELECTIONS LEGISLATIVES DU 23 FEVRIER 1997"
374:
217:
120:
858:
789:
519:"Rapport de la Mission dâObservation du 2Ăš tour de lâĂlection PrĂ©sidentielle le 3 juillet 1996"
182:
853:
505:
Bernard Lanne, "Chad: Regime Change, Increased
Insecurity, and Blockage of Further Reforms",
956:
951:
248:
8:
622:
403:
On 26 February the government announced that Choua was being placed under house arrest.
355:
on the elimination of presidential term limits, Choua and his party boycotted the vote.
884:
256:
240:
758:
739:
486:
448:
378:
301:, or CST), composed of 57 members, which had Choua as its president. Choua served as
43:
904:
396:
879:
869:
799:
782:
348:
251:(FAT), became vice-president. But the transitional government excluded all the pro-
236:
78:
864:
670:
648:
610:
587:
564:
541:
358:
Following an August 2007 agreement between political parties on preparations for
343:. Choua himself was re-elected to the National Assembly as an RDP candidate from
305:
until he came into conflict with DĂ©by, and as a result the CST replaced him with
170:
894:
391:
197:
889:
290:
66:
925:
400:
and was being held for investigation. The RDP sharply denounced this claim.
664:"L'opposant tchadien Lol Mahamat Choua enlevé, vivant mais toujours absent"
370:
362:, Choua headed a committee overseeing the implementation of the agreement.
294:
279:
143:
807:
580:
394:
said on 22 February that Choua had been found working with the rebels in
390:, said that Choua was being held with prisoners of war. Foreign Minister
221:
220:(FAP) were the main combatants. When a peace conference was organized in
557:
264:
344:
116:
703:"Confusion autour du sort de l'opposant disparu Ngarlejy Yorongar"
335:, the RDP supported DĂ©by, and the party, in alliance with DĂ©by's
275:
209:
286:
271:
252:
193:
719:"L'opposant Lol Mahamat Choua placé en résidence surveillée"
842:
755:
Limits of
Anarchy: Intervention and State Formation in Chad
178:
125:
642:"Chad president declares nationwide state of emergency"
381:) who were also reportedly arrested, Interior Minister
736:
185:
for four months in 1979. He was the
President of the
947:
Rally for
Democracy and Progress (Chad) politicians
687:"Chad not holding opposition leader, says minister"
255:forces; as a result, a rival government, backed by
752:
227:Under Nigerian pressure, Lol was made head of the
365:According to the RDP, on 3 February 2008, during
923:
581:List of leading figures in the National Assembly
419:Tchad : qui Ă©tait Lol Mahamat Choua ?
200:ethnic group, Choua came into power during the
324:as an RDP candidate in the first round of the
823:
733:
367:a battle between government forces and rebels
239:, head of the FAP, became Interior Minister,
721:, AFP (Jeuneafrique.com), February 26, 2008
705:, AFP (Jeuneafrique.com), February 22, 2008
673:, AFP (Jeuneafrique.com), February 15, 2008
233:Gouvernement d'Union Nationale de Transition
206:Popular Movement for the Liberation of Chad
837:
830:
816:
509:(1997), ed. Clark and Gardinier, page 280.
482:Heads of States and Governments Since 1945
177:; 15 June 1939 â 15 September 2019) was a
659:
657:
229:Transitional Government of National Unity
212:, along with the central government, the
56:29 April 1979 â 3 September 1979
637:
635:
567:(following 2002 election), ialtchad.com
558:List of members of the National Assembly
478:
339:(MPS), won 12 seats (out of 155) in the
208:(MPLT), a Kanembu rebel group backed by
942:Members of the National Assembly (Chad)
181:politician who served as his country's
924:
654:
613:, AFP (News24.com), February 13, 2008.
507:Political Reform in Francophone Africa
453:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
811:
632:
479:M. Lentz, Harris (4 February 2014).
360:a new parliamentary election in 2009
629:, South Africa), February 11, 2008.
316:In June 1996, the first multiparty
174:
13:
299:Conseil supérieur de la transition
14:
973:
341:April 2002 parliamentary election
962:People of the ChadianâLibyan War
937:20th-century Chadian politicians
903:
757:. University of Virginia Press.
261:Democratic Revolutionary Council
259:, was formed; it was called the
187:Rally for Democracy and Progress
155:Rally for Democracy and Progress
712:
696:
680:
616:
597:
574:
551:
544:, democratie.francophonie.org
528:
521:, democratie.francophonie.org
512:
499:
472:
461:
422:
413:
1:
590:, Chadian government website
406:
243:became Defence Minister, and
691:International Herald Tribune
468:Profile of Lol Mahamat Choua
337:Patriotic Salvation Movement
311:Patriotic Salvation Movement
7:
753:Sam C. Nolutshungu (1995).
604:"Life returns to N'Djamena"
326:1997 parliamentary election
313:(MPS), on 15 October 1994.
10:
978:
623:"Chad opposition targeted"
485:. Routledge. p. 156.
333:2001 presidential election
912:
901:
849:
796:
787:
779:
774:
651:, AFP, February 14, 2008.
353:constitutional referendum
245:Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué
214:Armed Forces of the North
160:
150:
133:
103:
98:
94:
84:
72:
60:
49:
41:
37:
28:
21:
16:President of Chad in 1979
388:Hourmadji Moussa Doumgor
375:Ibni Oumar Mahamat Saleh
121:French Equatorial Africa
29:
309:, a loyalist of DĂ©by's
263:, and it was headed by
202:First Chadian Civil War
189:(RDP) political party.
932:Heads of state of Chad
734:Terry M. Mays (2002).
790:Head of State of Chad
693:), February 17, 2008.
318:presidential election
218:People's Armed Forces
689:, Associated Press (
383:Ahmat Mahamat Bachir
303:President of the CST
249:Chadian Armed Forces
196:and a member of the
775:Political offices
669:2011-05-21 at the
647:2011-05-20 at the
609:2008-02-14 at the
586:2007-03-15 at the
563:2008-05-04 at the
540:2007-06-21 at the
257:Muammar al-Gaddafi
919:
918:
806:
805:
797:Succeeded by
379:Ngarlejy Yorongar
322:National Assembly
167:Lol Mahamat Choua
164:
163:
137:15 September 2019
129:
44:President of Chad
23:Lol Mahamat Choua
969:
907:
832:
825:
818:
809:
808:
800:Goukouni Oueddei
783:Goukouni Oueddei
780:Preceded by
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432:. Archived from
426:
420:
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349:Kanem Department
347:constituency in
247:, leader of the
237:Goukouni Oueddei
176:
140:
123:
113:
111:
99:Personal details
90:Goukouni Oueddei
87:
79:Goukouni Oueddei
75:
63:
54:
32:
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18:
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430:"Archived copy"
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369:for control of
192:An adherent of
151:Political party
142:
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115:
109:
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85:
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61:
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33:
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24:
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839:Heads of state
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397:flagrant délit
392:Ahmad Allam-Mi
307:Mahamat Bachir
216:(FAN) and the
162:
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148:
147:
141:(aged 80)
135:
131:
130:
105:
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100:
96:
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82:
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70:
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62:Vice President
58:
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47:
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764:0-8139-1628-3
760:
756:
751:
747:
745:0-275-97606-8
741:
738:. Greenwood.
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732:
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492:9781134264902
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436:on 2019-09-23
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241:HissÚne Habré
238:
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188:
184:
183:head of state
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127:
124:(present-day
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698:
690:
682:
626:
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481:
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463:
438:. Retrieved
434:the original
424:
415:
402:
395:
364:
357:
330:
315:
298:
295:Kanem Region
289:since 1979.
284:
280:Lagos Accord
269:
232:
226:
191:
175:ÙÙÙ Ù
ŰÙ
ŰŻ ŰŽÙۧ
166:
165:
139:(2019-09-15)
114:15 June 1939
86:Succeeded by
51:
31:ÙÙÙ Ù
ŰÙ
ŰŻ ŰŽÙۧ
957:2019 deaths
952:1939 births
723:(in French)
707:(in French)
675:(in French)
592:(in French)
569:(in French)
546:(in French)
523:(in French)
291:Idriss DĂ©by
267:, an Arab.
74:Preceded by
67:Negué Djogo
926:Categories
854:Tombalbaye
440:2019-09-15
407:References
265:Ahmat Acyl
110:1939-06-15
627:The Times
371:N'Djamena
144:N'Djamena
52:In office
667:Archived
645:Archived
607:Archived
584:Archived
561:Archived
538:Archived
449:cite web
914:*acting
895:M. DĂ©by
890:I. DĂ©by
880:Oueddei
870:Oueddei
865:Malloum
859:Odingar
625:, AFP (
331:In the
276:Nigeria
210:Nigeria
198:Kanembu
179:Chadian
761:
742:
489:
253:Libyan
204:. The
171:Arabic
146:, Chad
885:Habré
875:Choua
794:1979
287:Paris
272:Lagos
194:Islam
843:Chad
759:ISBN
740:ISBN
487:ISBN
455:link
377:and
222:Kano
134:Died
126:Chad
104:Born
42:4th
841:of
345:Mao
117:Mao
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656:^
634:^
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447:{{
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495:.
457:)
443:.
231:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.