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The
Zhengde Emperor's dissolute lifestyle placed a heavy burden on the people of the empire. He would refuse to receive all his ministers and ignored all their petitions whilst sanctioning the growth of the eunuch community in the imperial palace. Liu made some reforms such as encouraging widows to
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over a period of three days, a process that resulted in Liu being cut 3,357 times. According to witnesses, angry onlookers bought a piece of his flesh for one qian (the smallest available currency at the time) and consumed it accompanied with rice wine. Liu died on the second day of his punishment
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Liu was famous for being one of the most influential officials in
Chinese history. For some time, Liu was the emperor in all but name. He was the leader of the "
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placed Liu on its list of the fifty wealthiest persons in the past 1,000 years although the actual amount may in fact have been lower.
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was a failed attempt to assassinate Liu and seize power. After officials suppressed the uprising, an official named
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Remarriage of widows to alleviate the burden on the peasantry : a rarely known eunuch reform in ancient China
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Discussion of the origins of Qing
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under the aegis of a eunuch official named Liu, he changed his surname to Liu.
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Powerful eunuch under the
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views of the time. Many officials and other eunuchs opposed Liu – the
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According to one report, shortly before Liu was executed, 12,057,800
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The
Cambridge History of China, Vol. 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644
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Asian Wall Street
Journal article that mentions Liu Jin
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Blood Money Law: Survival Tricks in
Chinese History
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