22:
1217:. Due to him, the article of customs, very popular and with wide dissemination, recreated sketches of manners of pure localism in his types and language, emphasis on the approach of the picturesque, occasionally container of a satire and social criticism with intention of reform, and other times almost photographic reproductions of the reality (sometimes with very raw scenes and rough, even rude, vocabulary.) The American costumbrist work usually abounded in local details, in its desire to reflect reality as faithfully as possible.
229:
The genre would have never managed to turn enthroned, but helped by the huge literary movement the perfection of the arts was bringing with it: such productions had had neither opportunity nor truth, nor not relying on the aid of the rapidity of the publication. The newspapers were, though, those who
296:
The custom picture (also called the articles of customs) was a short sketch-like composition in which the customs, habits, landscapes, amusements and even animals representative of a particular society are relayed, sometimes with the purpose of entertaining (pleasant pictures) and sometimes clearly
1353:
1309:
209:, there are several precedents −3 along the history of the literature- that can be regarded in the use of traditional topics. Its relevance in the context of the 19th century had aimed to be excused as a reaction of the
353:
652:. Thus, popular people and environments that are not presumptuous, and that enable people to identify themselves with a kind of a closer religiosity, are taken as models by painters like
640:, as one of the elements that constitute this complicated feature, began to develop in Spain especially in the 17th century because of the popularizing guidelines that come since the
319:
1088:
1041:
of the
European travellers to Spain from the 19th century and with an Andalusian (from Andalusia) impoverishing reductionism that was good to the economic necessity of promote the
796:
688:
1080:
692:
677:
1157:
310:
1172:
868:), cultivated by national authors and by foreign authors, is also a son of the curiosity that feels the epoch for everything related to the picturesque customs.
1084:
206:
1061:
895:
882:
673:
298:
261:
1251:
Collection of paintings painted by
Francisco de Goya for the Real Fábrica de Tapices de Santa Bárbara (Royal Tapestry Factory) between 1775 and 1792.
860:
1067:
716:, who reproduces types and customs from Cadiz. In the 1700s some painters begin to pay attention to the popular customs and types through fads like
708:
1104:
792:
291:
128:
74:
979:
975:
174:. While costumbrist pieces are meant as popular entertainment, there can often be an undercurrent of criticism or satire beneath the surface.
317:'s lyric part. Then, some big collective compilations were written based on these pieces that described types and popular professions, like
752:
760:), a tendency to fix a natural, popular and national pattern for the literary style based on the native tradition, was set against the
1131:(Odd display cabinet (1935), receiving in his Basque (from the Basque Country in Spain) trilogies, customs of that region, as in his
189:, one of the few costumbrist writers who doesn't extol the popular aspects but who shows himself brutally critical in, for example,
1115:
of the called
Generation of ‘98 has more value and shaded dyes, and looks in its trips the real Spain opposite the official Spain:
324:(1843–1844), a collection that contains ninety eight articles of fifty-one authors. Its success gave birth to similar collections:
1017:, one of the few costumbrist writers who doesn’t extol the popular aspects and who shows himself brutally critic in, for example,
115:. In its most popular and least intellectual form, it describes the commonplace and ordinary aspects of daily life. Appearing in
329:
El álbum del bello sexo o las mujeres pintadas por sí mismas (The album of the lovely sex or the women painted by themselves)
713:
959:
734:(from Seville) scenes, arrive at create quite a school of painting consecrated to the Andalucian customs, and formed by
572:
between 1811 and 1817, is a representative of the costumbrist genre in the French literature, after the translations of
1292:
506:) (1840). The formula prospered and at the beginning of the 20th century it became popular in the work of the brothers
987:
808:
545:
magazine, were costumbrist writers and both of them have been considered the inventors of what they themselves called
314:
170:
magazine, were costumbrist writers and both of them have been considered the inventors of what they themselves called
1389:
599:. This tendency was already evident in the first written text of the Spanish narrative literature that is preserved,
747:
230:
made an agreement with the writers of these light pictures of custom, whose success is deserved thanks to the style.
1462:
1013:
for his pieces from Madrid; the costumbrist element appears as fundamental in the expressionist painter and writer
217:
revolution (or even during that time), predicting the possible loss of the traditions and folklore “smashed by the
185:
for his pieces from Madrid. The costumbrist element appears as fundamental in the expressionist painter and writer
561:
479:
844:
425:
1426:
971:
682:
101:
is a minor genre of
Spanish literature most popular in the 19th century. It is the literary counterpart to the
735:
37:. It may have been generated, in whole or in part, by a computer or by a translator without dual proficiency.
21:
730:, (Cardboards for tapestries) or in his prints about bullfighting, and the Béquer family, with their popular
259:
was the new possibility of travelling, a romantic passion that created the literary descriptive model of the
978:
and many others. In the literature, this interest in the popular literature is spilled across the so-called
1052:
804:
661:
1457:
894:, which studies in a scientific way the popular traditions, deals in compiling, classifying and studying
471:
1076:
795:, and cultivated in the press and then gathered in individual or collective collections by authors like
453:
1014:
851:
449:
186:
967:
577:
1059:) (Explanation of Madrid, The Track) are saved because they follow the 19th century tradition of the
832:
409:
982:
of the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 19th it was even written serious literature in dialects like
739:
433:
382:
El álbum de
Galicia. Tipos, costumbres y leyendas (The album of Galicia. Types, customs and legends)
836:
437:
1334:
1242:
Theatrical gender that includes funny and popular topics that can be written in prose or in verse.
800:
565:
306:
235:
221:". Nevertheless, it was the progress achieved by this revolution the one which would catapult the
1140:
848:
775:
In the 19th century, that element acquires independence through the subjective element that the
70:
1022:
991:
40:
1147:...) (The villages, Spanish Souls, Madrid. Sentimental Guide). Hereinafter, only authors like
595:
One of the features of the
Spanish art, especially in its literature, is its tendency towards
1108:
983:
608:
470:
The comedy of manners appeared in Spain in the 19th century in hand of
Romantic authors like
218:
32:
840:
664:, and Costumbrism becomes one of the elements that make up satiric literary genres like the
111:, which depicted social customs often without analysis or critique. Its style is similar to
62:|pg=Literary costumbrismo |language=es |comments= }}
1151:, seems to have counted with the costumbrista element, who is the creator of a new type of
769:
1354:""Literatura de 'Lo que pasa entre nosotros'. La modernidad del artículo de costumbrismo""
1310:""Literatura de 'Lo que pasa entre nosotros'. La modernidad del artículo de costumbrismo""
743:
8:
858:, is distinguished for his novels of Valencian ambientation. Another literary genre, the
645:
622:
1148:
828:
703:
417:
963:
854:, who finds an interrelationship in the attractive and dazzling valencian paintings of
750:(1817–1879), was also a costumbrist painter. Furthermore, in the cultural environments
649:
581:
573:
59:
855:
657:
1385:
1288:
1116:
1006:
995:
788:
601:
507:
465:
178:
140:
102:
1176:
1168:
812:
665:
641:
297:
intended to criticize the society and call for moral reformation. The precedent of
124:
112:
1430:
1209:
695:
are the first costumbrist baroque writers who specialized in this kind of topics.
243:
Larra establishes the origin of the modern literature of customs in
England since
1379:
1026:
1010:
999:
761:
511:
182:
1100:
816:
1432:
Costumbrismo y novela. Ensayo sobre el redescubrimiento de la realidad española
1136:
1072:
824:
723:
596:
538:
530:
244:
202:
163:
155:
120:
1047:
1451:
903:
584:(1772–1825) is less known among the Spaniards but also as important as Jouy.
542:
167:
1124:
347:
Los valencianos pintados por sí mismos (The
Valencian painted by themselves)
1214:
915:
615:
564:(1764–1846), whose work that notably influenced in the Spanish costumbrist
210:
107:
1404:
Orlando Gómez Gil, Historia crítica de la literatura hispanoamericana 344
1143:
appears to the
Castilian (from Castile in Spain) and Andalusian scenery (
1038:
899:
784:
776:
765:
629:
341:
Los mexicanos pintados por sí mismos (The Mexicans painted by themselves)
278:
214:
1045:, especially in the cinema, where this type of products became known as
669:
606:, and that is extended through the popular element that impregnates the
301:'s poetry in the 17th century, led to the 19th century "custom picture"
148:
1207:
influenced non-costumbrist novels. An example is the sentimental novel
1195:
The costumbrist novel had a special repercussion in some countries. In
1163:
927:
923:
653:
132:
1030:
625:(The Life of Lazarillo de Tormes and of His Fortunes and Adversities)
396:
Some studies consider the following novels to be examples of Spanish
277:
things and simple impressions or emotions, than critical analysis or
274:
823:), and it appears as a non depreciable element in the novels of the
648:
and because of the cultural borderlines closing ordered by the king
335:
Los cubanos pintados por sí mismos (The Cuban painted by themselves)
1200:
939:
931:
891:
876:
270:
1037:
involutes as it is identified with the superficial and uncritical
1132:
1042:
699:
225:, as one of his most known representative authors clearly states:
144:
136:
1413:
Emilio Carilla, "El romanticismo en la América hispánica" 323-25
783:(national or popular character) identity be renewed through the
1264:
1196:
947:
935:
919:
791:, being expressed on purpose in genres like the article or the
54:
have just labeled this article as needing attention, please add
1435:. Estudios sobre la novela española del siglo XIX ;2. Castalia
1021:(The black Spain) (1920), against the obliging paintings by
955:
943:
907:
116:
951:
911:
718:
1051:. Nevertheless, some prewar and postwar authors headed by
1186:
1099:), the deep 19th century vein is renewed by writers like
1025:(however, expressionists in essence) or more balanced by
1233:
Theatrical gender that includes funny and popular topics
779:
covers, what makes that the interest in the colectiv or
698:
In the 18th century, the entremés is transformed into a
440:'s work. Yet in the 20th century, we find examples like
367:(The Spanish women, Portuguese women and American women)
181:
are noted for their Andalusian costumbrist comedies and
1179:, the last one is the author of a type of anti-burgues
587:
521:
205:
in the Spanish literature and the English literature
1425:
1270:
1145:
Los pueblos, Alma española, Madrid. Guía sentimental
552:
533:(1672–1729), who published his costumbrist magazine
1381:Manual para viajeros por España y lectores en casa
43:. The original article is under "español" in the
1449:
75:Knowledge:Pages needing translation into English
364:Las mujeres españolas, portuguesas y americanas
1009:for their Andalusian costumbrist comedies and
358:(The Spanish women painted by the Spanish men)
962:, area in which stand out a few experts like
1282:
388:
1351:
1307:
1065:. This group revolves around the so-called
656:. We can see popular types in paintings of
1283:Bustos Tovar, José Jesús (coord.) (1985).
459:
354:Las españolas pintadas por los españoles
738:(1805–1841), father of the famous poet
1450:
815:, but also in the theater through the
196:
1333:
1377:
618:(Tragicomedy of Calisto and Melibea)
508:Serafín and Joaquín Álvarez Quintero
15:
1337:(1960). Carlos Seco Serrano (ed.).
1285:Diccionario de literatura universal
672:. Generally, it is considered that
668:and comic literary genres like the
13:
714:Juan Ignacio González del Castillo
478:) (With you, bread and onion) and
285:
14:
1474:
494:( Going back to Madrid) (1828),
147:, a continuation of the earlier
20:
1419:
1407:
1398:
1089:Federico Carlos Sainz de Robles
1057:Elucidario de Madrid, El Rastro
742:(1836–1870) and of the painter
706:, who specialized in a kind of
702:with such important authors as
541:(1672–1719), the co-founder of
269:), usually more focused on the
166:(1672–1719), the co-founder of
123:, it reached its peak with the
1371:
1345:
1327:
1301:
1276:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1097:Andalusian literary expression
1005:In the 20th century stand out
576:(1688–1763) and the essays of
127:and in the minor genre called
1:
1258:
811:, among many others, and the
504:Go Ahead and Die, You'll See!
482:with important works such as
480:Manuel Bretón de los Herreros
1111:(1864–1913) and others. The
322:(The Spaniards by themselves
7:
1135:and literature his brother
746:(1833–1870), whose cousin,
498:(Pasture's hair) (1837) or
472:Manuel Eduardo de Gorostiza
320:Los Españoles por sí mismos
158:(1672–1729), who published
10:
1479:
1427:Fernández Montesinos, José
1123:(From my country) (1903),
1029:; nevertheless, since the
988:José María Gabriel y Galán
890:. The born science of the
880:and a certain type of the
809:Serafín Estébanez Calderón
693:Bautista Ramiro de Navarra
547:Essay or Sketch of manners
486:(To an old age, smallpoxes
463:
436:, and certain passages in
315:Serafín Estébanez Calderón
309:, the most calmed part of
289:
172:Essay or Sketch of manners
1287:. Madrid: Madrid, Anaya.
1271:Fernández Montesinos 1960
972:Francisco Rodríguez Marín
874:invades the 19th century
805:Ramón de Mesonero Romanos
797:Sebastián Miñano y Bedoya
748:Joaquín Domínguez Bécquer
662:Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
432:(Sister San Sulpicio) of
400:during the 19th century:
177:In the 20th century, the
1220:
518:) (From pure's Madrid).
1463:19th-century literature
1352:Escobar Arronis, José.
1308:Escobar Arronis, José.
1053:Ramón Gómez de la Serna
968:Antonio Machado Álvarez
689:Antonio Liñán y Verdugo
611:(The Book of Good Love)
578:Louis Sébastien Mercier
510:and in the sainetes of
448:(The house of Troy) of
430:La hermana San Sulpicio
376:(This year’s Spaniards)
373:Los españoles de hogaño
201:Categorized as a minor
193:(The Black Spain,1920)
139:, it manifested in the
41:enhance the translation
1378:Ford, Richard (2008).
1341:. Madrid: BAE – Atlas.
1335:Larra, Mariano José de
1183:with a radiant style.
1158:esbozo carpetovetónico
1095:o (meaning in English
1081:Emiliano Ramírez Ángel
1023:Julio Romero de Torres
740:Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer
736:José Domínguez Bécquer
476:Contigo, pan y cebolla
460:The costumbrist comedy
434:Armando Palacio Valdés
311:Ramon Mesonero Romanos
307:Mariano Jose de Larras
241:
984:Extremaduran language
852:Vicente Blasco Ibáñez
801:Mariano José de Larra
728:Cartones para tapices
604:(The Poem of the Cid)
591:in Spanish literature
566:Mariano José de Larra
525:in English literature
450:Alejandro Pérez Lugín
408:(Cheer up people) of
236:Mariano José de Larra
227:
219:Industrial Revolution
69:to the bottom of the
1358:cervantesvirtual.com
1314:cervantesvirtual.com
1087:or, in the postwar,
1071:(from Madrid), like
1015:José Gutiérez Solana
833:José María de Pereda
556:in French literature
496:El pelo de la dehesa
484:A la vejez, viruelas
424:(Pepita Jiménez) of
410:Jose Maria de Pereda
255:Another view of the
187:José Gutiérez Solana
1167:, and authors like
866:books of travelling
837:Benito Pérez Galdós
712:(from Madrid), and
646:Counter-Reformation
623:Lazarillo de Tormes
442:La casa de la Troya
438:Benito Perez Galdós
207:of the 19th century
197:History and origins
119:and hardly ever in
1458:Literary movements
1384:. Madrid: Turner.
1129:Vitrina pintoresca
841:Emilia Pardo Bazán
650:Philip II of Spain
609:Libro de Buen Amor
582:Paul-Louis Courier
574:Pierre de Marivaux
516:Del Madrid Castizo
492:A Madrid me vuelvo
446:Currito de la Cruz
369:(1872, 1873, 1876)
267:books of traveling
1153:Sketch of manners
1117:Miguel de Unamuno
1062:Sketch of manners
1007:Quintero brothers
996:Asturian language
896:traditional lyric
744:Valeriano Bécquer
602:Cantar de Mio Cid
570:Gazette de France
500:Muérete ¡y verás!
466:Comedy of manners
452:and the works of
303:Transido de queja
179:Quintero brothers
141:comedy of manners
103:artistic movement
93:
92:
78:
55:
1470:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1191:in Latin America
1177:Francisco Umbral
1169:Francisco Candel
1149:Camilo José Cela
1000:Murcian language
883:teatro por horas
829:Fernán Caballero
813:novel of manners
704:Ramón de la Cruz
686:
678:Francisco Santos
674:Juan de Zabaleta
666:picaresque novel
642:Council of Trent
568:appeared in the
456:, among others.
418:Fernán Caballero
299:Juan de Zabaleta
262:libros de viajes
239:
125:novel of manners
113:literary realism
88:
85:
79:
68:
66:
63:
49:
24:
16:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1448:
1447:
1438:
1436:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1376:
1372:
1362:
1360:
1350:
1346:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1281:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1193:
1077:Pedro de Répide
1039:picturesqueness
1027:Ignacio Zuloaga
1019:La España negra
1011:Carlos Arniches
861:libro de viajes
856:Joaquín Sorolla
766:frenchification
762:Cosmopolitanism
680:
658:Diego Velázquez
593:
562:Étienne de Jouy
558:
527:
512:Carlos Arniches
468:
462:
454:Pedro de Répide
394:
294:
288:
286:Custom pictures
240:
234:
199:
191:La España negra
183:Carlos Arniches
89:
83:
80:
67:
64:
60:subst:Needtrans
57:
56:
48:
39:Please help to
38:
31:may be a rough
25:
12:
11:
5:
1476:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1446:
1445:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1406:
1397:
1390:
1370:
1344:
1326:
1300:
1294:978-8449424359
1293:
1275:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1244:
1235:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1192:
1185:
1161:, near to the
1137:Ricardo Baroja
1105:Salvador Rueda
1073:Eusebio Blasco
793:custom picture
724:Francisco Goya
592:
586:
557:
551:
539:Joseph Addison
531:Richard Steele
526:
520:
464:Main article:
461:
458:
422:Pepita Jiménez
393:
387:
386:
385:
379:
370:
361:
350:
344:
338:
332:
292:Custom picture
290:Main article:
287:
284:
283:
282:
232:
198:
195:
164:Joseph Addison
156:Richard Steele
129:custom picture
91:
90:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1475:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1410:
1401:
1393:
1391:9788475068572
1387:
1383:
1382:
1374:
1359:
1355:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1296:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1248:
1239:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1203:for example,
1202:
1198:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1107:(1857–1933),
1106:
1103:(1860–1908),
1102:
1098:
1094:
1091:. As for the
1090:
1086:
1083:(1883–1928),
1082:
1079:(1882–1947),
1078:
1075:(1844–1903),
1074:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
980:Neopopularism
977:
976:Eusebio Vasco
973:
969:
965:
964:Agustín Durán
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
918:and beliefs,
917:
916:superstitions
913:
909:
905:
901:
900:short stories
897:
893:
889:
885:
884:
879:
878:
873:
869:
867:
863:
862:
857:
853:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
773:
771:
770:Enlightenment
767:
763:
759:
755:
754:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
720:
715:
711:
710:
705:
701:
696:
694:
690:
684:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
633:
632:(Don Quixote)
631:
626:
624:
619:
617:
612:
610:
605:
603:
598:
590:
585:
583:
580:(1740–1814).
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
555:
550:
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1437:. Retrieved
1431:
1420:Bibliography
1409:
1400:
1380:
1373:
1363:11 September
1361:. Retrieved
1357:
1347:
1338:
1329:
1319:11 September
1317:. Retrieved
1313:
1303:
1284:
1278:
1266:
1247:
1238:
1229:
1215:Jorge Isaacs
1208:
1205:Costumbrismo
1204:
1194:
1189:Costumbrismo
1188:
1181:Costumbrismo
1180:
1173:Ramón Ayerra
1162:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1128:
1120:
1113:Costumbrismo
1112:
1109:Arturo Reyes
1101:José Nogales
1096:
1092:
1068:Madrileñismo
1066:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1035:Costumbrismo
1034:
1018:
1004:
998:or even the
992:Luis chamizo
887:
886:heir of the
881:
875:
872:Costumbrismo
871:
870:
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864:(literally,
859:
821:little genre
820:
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780:
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751:
731:
727:
722:(Kindness).
717:
709:Madrileñismo
707:
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638:Costumbrismo
637:
636:
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621:
616:La Celestina
614:
607:
600:
594:
589:Costumbrismo
588:
569:
559:
554:Costumbrismo
553:
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534:
529:In England,
528:
523:Costumbrismo
522:
515:
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495:
491:
487:
483:
475:
469:
445:
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398:Costumbrismo
397:
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391:Costumbrismo
390:
381:
375:
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1439:4 September
1048:españoladas
958:and vulgar
845:Juan Valera
817:chico genre
789:Regionalism
785:Nationalism
777:Romanticism
756:(literally
681: [
630:Don Quijote
426:Juan Valera
360:(1871–1872)
84:August 2022
73:section on
45:"languages"
33:translation
1452:Categories
1259:References
1164:esperpento
1125:Pio Baroja
1121:De mi país
1093:Andalucism
1085:Luis Bello
932:ceremonies
928:gastronomy
924:handicraft
849:Naturalism
847:.) In the
781:volksgeist
753:Casticismo
732:Sevillanas
654:Caravaggio
535:The Tatler
414:La gaviota
160:The Tatler
133:journalism
1187:Literary
1031:Civil War
560:The abbé
275:hackneyed
105:known as
96:Literary
1429:(1960).
1201:Colombia
1133:etchings
960:romances
940:folklore
892:folklore
888:entremés
877:zarzuela
787:and the
764:and the
670:entremés
644:and the
634:itself.
490:(1824),
402:Sotileza
313:and the
271:pictures
233:—
215:romantic
149:entremés
71:WP:PNTCU
1119:writes
1043:Tourism
1033:, this
948:legends
944:parties
920:sayings
825:Realism
768:of the
726:in his
719:Majismo
700:sainete
597:Realism
384:(1897).
245:Addison
145:sainete
137:theater
1388:
1291:
1199:or in
1197:Mexico
1155:, the
1141:Azorín
956:dances
904:coplas
758:purity
537:, and
378:(1872)
349:(1859)
343:(1854)
337:(1852)
331:(1843)
162:, and
47:list.
1339:Obras
1221:Notes
1213:, by
1210:María
952:songs
936:rites
912:games
908:music
685:]
281:study
203:genre
135:. In
121:verse
117:prose
1441:2016
1386:ISBN
1365:2016
1321:2016
1289:ISBN
1127:his
843:and
807:and
691:and
660:and
273:and
143:and
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