547:
615:
printed in black-letter or gothic type and included multiple, eye-catching illustrations, a popular tune title, as well as an alluring poem. By the 18th century, they were printed in white letter or roman type and often without much decoration (as well as tune title). These later sheets could include many individual songs, which would be cut apart and sold individually as "slip songs." Alternatively, they might be folded to make small cheap books or "chapbooks" which often drew on ballad stories. They were produced in huge numbers, with over 400,000 being sold in
England annually by the 1660s. Tessa Watt estimates the number of copies sold may have been in the millions. Many were sold by travelling
382:
927:
603:
198:
701:
54:
855:
432:
1987:
582:. There have been many different and contradictory attempts to classify traditional ballads by theme, but commonly identified types are the religious, supernatural, tragic, love ballads, historic, legendary and humorous. The traditional form and content of the ballad were modified to form the basis for twenty-three bawdy pornographic ballads that appeared in the underground Victorian magazine
885:, although some have since been found to have British origins and additional songs have since been collected. They are usually considered closest in form to British broadside ballads and in terms of style are largely indistinguishable, however, they demonstrate a particular concern with occupations, journalistic style and often lack the ribaldry of British broadside ballads.
373:, who assert that there was one single original author. Communalists tend to see more recent, particularly printed, broadside ballads of known authorship as a debased form of the genre, while individualists see variants as corruptions of an original text. More recently scholars have pointed to the interchange of oral and written forms of the ballad.
417:
songs. A further development was the evolution of the blues ballad, which mixed the genre with Afro-American music. For the late 20th century the music publishing industry found a market for what are often termed sentimental ballads, and these are the origin of the modern use of the term 'ballad' to mean a slow love song.
899:
The blues ballad has been seen as a fusion of Anglo-American and Afro-American styles of music from the 19th century. Blues ballads tend to deal with active protagonists, often anti-heroes, resisting adversity and authority, but frequently lacking a strong narrative and emphasising character instead.
619:
in city streets or at fairs. The subject matter varied from what has been defined as the traditional ballad, although many traditional ballads were printed as broadsides. Among the topics were love, marriage, religion, drinking-songs, legends, and early journalism, which included disasters, political
312:
There is considerable variation on this pattern in almost every respect, including length, number of lines and rhyming scheme, making the strict definition of a ballad extremely difficult. In southern and eastern Europe, and in countries that derive their tradition from them, ballad structure differs
735:
spoken (English) dialogue, interspersed with songs that are deliberately kept very short to minimize disruptions to the flow of the story. Rather than the more aristocratic themes and music of the
Italian opera, the ballad operas were set to the music of popular folk songs and dealt with lower-class
340:
ballad "Tam Lin". The ballads do not have any known author or correct version; instead, having been passed down mainly by oral tradition since the Middle Ages, there are many variations of each. The ballads remained an oral tradition until the increased interest in folk songs in the 18th century led
614:
Broadside ballads (also known as 'broadsheet', 'stall', 'vulgar' or 'come all ye' ballads) were a product of the development of cheap print in the 16th century. They were generally printed on one side of a medium to large sheet of poor quality paper. In the first half of the 17th century, they were
564:
It has been suggested that the increasing interest in traditional popular ballads during the eighteenth century was prompted by social issues such as the enclosure movement as many of the ballads deal with themes concerning rural laborers. James Davey has suggested that the common themes of sailing
348:
In all traditions most ballads are narrative in nature, with a self-contained story, often concise, and rely on imagery, rather than description, which can be tragic, historical, romantic or comic. Themes concerning rural labourers and their sexuality are common, and there are many ballads based on
416:
European
Ballads have been generally classified into three major groups: traditional, broadside and literary. In America a distinction is drawn between ballads that are versions of European, particularly British and Irish songs, and 'Native American ballads', developed without reference to earlier
407:
argued a need to 'remove obvious corruptions' in order to attempt to restore a supposed original. For Scott, the process of multiple recitations 'incurs the risk of impertinent interpolations from the conceit of one rehearser, unintelligible blunders from the stupidity of another, and omissions
1990:
240:. Usually, only the second and fourth line of a quatrain are rhymed (in the scheme a, b, c, b), which has been taken to suggest that, originally, ballads consisted of couplets (two lines) of rhymed verse, each of 14 syllables. This can be seen in this stanza from "
576:. They attempted to record and classify all the known ballads and variants in their chosen regions. Since Child died before writing a commentary on his work it is uncertain exactly how and why he differentiated the 305 ballads printed that would be published as
396:
The transmission of ballads comprises a key stage in their re-composition. In romantic terms this process is often dramatized as a narrative of degeneration away from the pure 'folk memory' or 'immemorial tradition'. In the introduction to
818:, setting a similar story with the same characters, and containing much of the same satirical bite, but only using one tune from the original. The term ballad opera has also been used to describe musicals using folk music, such as
773:, Arne, Dibdin, Arnold, Shield, Jackson of Exeter, Hook and many others produced ballad operas that enjoyed great popularity. Ballad opera was attempted in America and Prussia. Later it moved into a more pastoral form, like
787:(1781), using more original music that imitated, rather than reproduced, existing ballads. Although the form declined in popularity towards the end of the 18th century its influence can be seen in light operas like that of
332:'s ballads in particular, both in theme and language, are strongly characterised by their distinctive tradition, even exhibiting some pre-Christian influences in the inclusion of supernatural elements such as travel to the
108:. The form was often used by poets and composers from the 18th century onwards to produce lyrical ballads. In the later 19th century, the term took on the meaning of a slow form of popular
1906:
1870:
1826:
116:
of pop or rock music, although the term is also associated with the concept of a stylized storytelling song or poem, particularly when used as a title for other media such as a film.
736:
characters. Subject matter involved the lower, often criminal, orders, and typically showed a suspension (or inversion) of the high moral values of the
Italian opera of the period.
873:', which was found in Great Britain and Ireland as 'The Unfortunate Rake'; however, a further 400 have been identified as originating in America, including among the best known, '
953:, and the authors and performers are often referred to as bush bards. The 19th century was the golden age of bush ballads. Several collectors have catalogued the songs including
524:
97:, the key being a rhymed second and fourth line. Contrary to a popular conception, it is rare if not unheard-of for a ballad to contain exactly 13 lines. Additionally,
588:, which ran for eighteen issues between 1879 and 1880. Unlike the traditional ballad, these obscene ballads aggressively mocked sentimental nostalgia and local lore.
212:
with refrains in alternate lines. These refrains would have been sung by the dancers in time with the dance. Most northern and west
European ballads are written in
1003:
Sentimental ballads, sometimes called "tear-jerkers" or "drawing-room ballads" owing to their popularity with the middle classes, had their origins in the early "
660:. Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Keats were attracted to the simple and natural style of these folk ballads and tried to imitate it. At the same time in Germany
502:, Scott began collecting ballads while he attended Edinburgh University in the 1790s. He published his research from 1802 to 1803 in a three-volume work,
153:, to dance), yet becoming "stylized forms of solo song" before being adopted in England. As a narrative song, their theme and function may originate from
481:
761:(1653–1723), a number of whose collected ballads they used in their work. Gay produced further works in this style, including a sequel under the title
82:, which were originally "dance songs". Ballads were particularly characteristic of the popular poetry and song of Great Britain and Ireland from the
1928:
Marcello Sorce Keller, "Sul castel di mirabel: Life of a Ballad in Oral
Tradition and Choral Practice", Ethnomusicology, XXX(1986), no. 3, 449- 469.
451:
of late medieval Europe. From the end of the 15th century there are printed ballads that suggest a rich tradition of popular music. A reference in
1433:"Talk examines ballads and naval recruitment in the 18th century - 2011 News - Articles - News - University of Greenwich Business and Enterprise"
961:. The songs tell personal stories of life in the wide open country of Australia. Typical subjects include mining, raising and droving cattle,
869:
Some 300 ballads sung in North
America have been identified as having origins in Scottish traditional or broadside ballads. Examples include '
2023:
1432:
1007:" music industry of the later 19th century. They were generally sentimental, narrative, strophic songs published separately or as part of an
628:
Literary or lyrical ballads grew out of an increasing interest in the ballad form among social elites and intellectuals, particularly in the
408:
equally to be regretted, from the want of memory of a third.' Similarly, John Robert Moore noted 'a natural tendency to oblivescence'.
1968:
1764:
86:
until the 19th century. They were widely used across Europe, and later in
Australia, North Africa, North America and South America.
578:
1735:
941:
The ballad was taken to
Australia by early settlers from Great Britain and Ireland and gained particular foothold in the rural
349:
the Robin Hood legend. Another common feature of ballads is repetition, sometimes of fourth lines in succeeding stanzas, as a
1919:
1883:
1839:
1384:
546:
966:
328:
Ballads usually are heavily influenced by the regions in which they originate and use the common dialect of the people.
881:'. They became an increasing area of interest for scholars in the 19th century and most were recorded or catalogued by
494:
1938:
565:
and naval battles may also have prompted the use (at least in
England) of popular ballads as naval recruitment tools.
2016:
1857:
504:
399:
389:
1817:
499:
447:
The traditional, classical or popular (meaning of the people) ballad has been seen as beginning with the wandering
342:
17:
89:
While ballads have no prescribed structure and may vary in their number of lines and stanzas, many ballads employ
656:
1105:
731:, partly in opposition to the Italian domination of the London operatic scene. It consisted of racy and often
1963:
1728:
1080:
958:
949:
and tales written in the form of ballads often relate to the itinerant and rebellious spirit of Australia in
863:
1953:
2009:
1821:
1901:
518:, a miscellany of folk songs and poetry with original work by Burns. Around the same time, he worked with
1406:
D. Gregory, '"The Songs of the People for Me": The Victorian Rediscovery of Lancashire Vernacular Song',
874:
1865:
1371:
Victorian Songhunters: The Recovery and Editing of English Vernacular Ballads and Folk Lyrics, 1820-1883
954:
682:
661:
241:
1469:
Thomas J. Joudrey, "Against Communal Nostalgia: Reconstructing Sociality in the Pornographic Ballad,"
1949:
The English Broadside Ballad Archive: searchable database of ballad images, citations, and recordings
1540:
Small Books and Pleasant Histories: Popular Fiction and Its Readership in Seventeenth-Century England
1268:"Songs of Protest, Songs of Love: Popular Ballads in Eighteenth-Century Britain | Reviews in History"
1075:
536:
519:
1483:
750:
509:
1436:
2329:
2093:
1911:
1875:
1831:
878:
645:
362:
39:
1603:
1376:
1061:
381:
2404:
1085:
1020:
905:
870:
859:
741:
706:
369:, who argue that ballads are originally communal compositions, and "individualists" such as
72:
is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads derive from the medieval French
2399:
2356:
2322:
1100:
1090:
970:
810:
788:
673:
584:
514:
202:
141:
78:
47:
829:
in 1977. The satiric elements of ballad opera can be seen in some modern musicals such as
8:
2394:
2103:
2032:
1964:
Black-letter Broadside Ballads Of The years 1595-1639 From the Collection of Samuel Pepys
1255:
The Broadview Anthology of British Literature: The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century
1209:
The Broadview Anthology of British Literature: The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century
882:
573:
568:
Key work on the traditional ballad was undertaken in the late 19th century in Denmark by
322:
465:
were being sung from at least the late 14th century and the oldest detailed material is
2290:
2183:
2171:
2055:
1732:
1369:
998:
926:
774:
665:
641:
113:
32:
1136:
197:
31:
For the slow form of popular music such as love songs and pop & rock ballads, see
2072:
1915:
1879:
1853:
1835:
1380:
1012:
837:
831:
758:
629:
597:
477:
105:
1027:". The association with sentimentality led to the term "ballad" being used for slow
1019:, and usually newly composed). Such songs include "Little Rosewood Casket" (1870), "
237:
2389:
2161:
2120:
986:
452:
353:, sometimes of third and fourth lines of a stanza and sometimes of entire stanzas.
158:
83:
2205:
2198:
2193:
1943:
1739:
711:
650:
569:
466:
440:
133:
1660:
Decolonizing Tradition: New Views of Twentieth-century "British" Literary Canons
2344:
2001:
1772:
1044:
962:
931:
805:
781:
766:
669:
602:
551:
540:
532:
531:
Both Northern English and Southern Scots shared in the identified tradition of
436:
366:
337:
176:
1267:
2383:
2334:
2300:
2295:
2266:
2217:
2188:
2166:
2125:
1982:—an archive of images and recordings of over 4,000 pre-1700 broadside ballads
1321:
1095:
1048:
1004:
823:
770:
457:
426:
213:
208:
Ballads were originally written to accompany dances, and so were composed in
2305:
2261:
2254:
2115:
1672:
1070:
1040:
1032:
982:
894:
793:
695:
637:
633:
539:" sometimes associated with the Lancashire-born sixteenth-century minstrel
489:
485:
473:
404:
385:
318:
94:
1944:
The Bodleian Library Ballad Collection: view facsimiles of printed ballads
672:. Later important examples of the poetic form included Rudyard Kipling's "
2351:
2273:
2227:
2210:
2146:
1036:
1016:
921:
909:
677:
556:
370:
225:
168:
154:
1488:
English Broadside Ballad Archive, University of California-Santa Barbara
1421:
Songs of Protest, Songs of Love: Popular Ballads in 18th Century Britain
989:", which has been called "the unofficial national anthem of Australia".
640:
in Scotland collected and wrote their own ballads. Similarly in England
2366:
2339:
2249:
2232:
2130:
2077:
2067:
1110:
957:
whose recording in the 1950s became the basis of the collection in the
801:
728:
608:
The tragical ballad: or, the lady who fell in love with her serving-man
462:
229:
180:
57:
1975:
The Oxford Book of Ballads, complete 1910 book by Arthur Quiller-Couch
700:
53:
2361:
2317:
2283:
2278:
2244:
2239:
1028:
1024:
978:
901:
535:, particularly evinced by the cross-border narrative in versions of "
448:
217:
192:
125:
109:
1458:
Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Beliefs, Customs, Tales, Music, and Art
1310:
Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Beliefs, Customs, Tales, Music, and Art
1238:
Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Beliefs, Customs, Tales, Music, and Art
171:
tradition. The earliest example of a recognizable ballad in form in
2310:
2222:
2178:
2151:
2098:
2062:
2050:
1996:
1241:
950:
854:
746:
361:
Scholars of ballads have been divided into "communalists", such as
329:
233:
209:
90:
904:
musical format. The most famous blues ballads include those about
431:
1066:
942:
725:
668:
on a series of ballads, some of which were later set to music by
616:
350:
221:
172:
163:
98:
2110:
1979:
1974:
1948:
974:
900:
They were often accompanied by banjo and guitar which followed
732:
484:, (1661–1724), which paralleled the work in Scotland by
1355:
Electric Folk: The Changing Face of English Traditional Music
1008:
969:, class conflicts between the landless working class and the
946:
754:
333:
161:
traditions of storytelling that can be seen in poems such as
146:
129:
2036:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1115:
525:
A Select Collection of Original Scottish Airs for the Voice
167:. Musically they were influenced by the Minnelieder of the
1958:
1813:. Newark, Del.: University of Delaware Press, 2001. Print.
1971:—audio samples of poems, hymns and songs in ballad meter.
1647:
A Most Ingenious Paradox: The Art of Gilbert and Sullivan
1501:
Britain in the Hanoverian Age, 1714–1837: An Encyclopedia
981:, as well as love interests and more modern fare such as
724:
In the 18th century ballad operas developed as a form of
1337:"The Influence of transmission on the English Ballads",
1326:
Oral Poetry: Its Nature, Significance and Social Context
1304:
1302:
1300:
1196:
800:
In the 20th century, one of the most influential plays,
632:
from the later 18th century. Respected literary figures
1896:. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1993. Print.
1752:
Singing Australian: A History of Folk and Country Music
1636:(New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1962), pp. 467-68.
1219:
1217:
572:
and for England and Scotland by the Harvard professor
112:
and is often used for any love song, particularly the
1679:, (Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2002), p. 461.
1594:(New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1962) pp. 467-68.
1297:
934:'s seminal 1905 collection of bush ballads, entitled
469:
collection of Robin Hood ballads printed about 1495.
1185:
1183:
1181:
1621:
The Beggar's Opera: Its Predecessors and Successors
1214:
1031:
from the 1950s onwards. Modern variations include "
757:vaudeville and the burlesques and musical plays of
345:(1729–1811) to publish volumes of popular ballads.
104:Many ballads were written and sold as single-sheet
1811:Deep Play: John Gay and the Invention of Modernity
1408:Canadian Folk Music/Musique folklorique canadienne
1368:
472:Early collections of English ballads were made by
46:"Balladeering" redirects here. For the album, see
1803:
1178:
403:(1802) the romantic poet and historical novelist
2381:
2031:
1677:The North Star State: A Minnesota History Reader
1551:B. Capp, 'Popular literature', in B. Reay, ed.,
1512:B. Capp, 'Popular literature', in B. Reay, ed.,
228:(an unstressed followed by a stressed syllable)
1542:(Cambridge University Press, 1985), pp. 111-28.
1357:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 45.
1553:Popular Culture in Seventeenth-Century England
1514:Popular Culture in Seventeenth-Century England
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
2017:
1969:Smithsonian Global Sound: The Music of Poetry
1787:
1724:
1722:
1349:
1347:
1162:(1952, London: Ayer Publishing, 1969), p. 15.
739:The first, most important and successful was
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1662:(University of Illinois Press, 1992), p. 30.
1225:The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English
1581:(Cambridge University Press, 1995), p. 152.
1400:
1328:(Cambridge University Press, 1977), p. 140.
1143:
492:. Inspired by his reading as a teenager of
2024:
2010:
1719:
1623:(Cambridge University Press, 1969), p. 71.
1529:(Cambridge University Press, 1991), p. 11.
1344:
1227:(Cambridge University Press, 2006), p. 66.
1863:
1816:
1765:"Who'll come a waltzing Matilda with me?"
1695:
620:events and signs, wonders and prodigies.
145:, which were originally "dancing songs" (
1866:"Ballad (from Lat. ballare: 'to dance')"
1568:(Blackwell Publishing, 2001), pp. 106-8.
1527:Cheap Print and Popular Piety, 1550-1640
1503:(Taylor & Francis, 1997), pp. 39-40.
925:
853:
699:
601:
579:The English and Scottish Popular Ballads
545:
430:
380:
201:A sixteenth-century printed ballad, the
196:
52:
1852:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
1649:(Oxford University Press, 2006), p. 41.
1366:
1292:Reader's Guide to Literature in English
14:
2382:
1899:
1579:Cultural Politics at the Fin de Siècle
992:
753:, both of whom probably influenced by
420:
124:A ballad is a form of verse, often a
2005:
1864:Temperley, Nicholas (25 July 2013) .
1360:
1939:The British Literary Ballads Archive
1754:(Pluto Press Australia, 2005), p. 2.
1484:"The Heyday of the Broadside Ballad"
1367:Gregory, E. David (April 13, 2006).
1294:(Taylor & Francis, 1996), p. 54.
1134:
1900:Witmer, Robert (14 October 2011) .
1850:The New Harvard Dictionary of Music
1690:Marc Blitzstein: A Bio-bibliography
849:
623:
132:. Ballads derive from the medieval
24:
1795:Folk Music: a Regional Exploration
1714:Folk Music: a Regional Exploration
985:. The most famous bush ballad is "
797:as well as in the modern musical.
654:in 1798 that included Coleridge's
606:An 18th-century broadside ballad:
495:Reliques of Ancient English Poetry
25:
2416:
1932:
1135:Apel, Willi (December 20, 1944).
505:Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border
411:
400:Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border
390:Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border
1985:
1980:English Broadside Ballad Archive
1634:The Complete Book of Light Opera
1592:The Complete Book of Light Opera
1173:A Short History of Western Music
967:1891 Australian shearers' strike
888:
844:
689:
2291:Political or revolutionary song
1894:John Gay and the London Theatre
1757:
1744:
1731:December 10, 2003 7:30 Report,
1682:
1665:
1652:
1639:
1626:
1613:
1597:
1584:
1571:
1558:
1545:
1532:
1519:
1506:
1493:
1476:
1463:
1450:
1425:
1413:
1331:
1315:
1284:
965:, wanderings, war stories, the
915:
862:outside the town of Talcott in
657:The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
376:
1804:References and further reading
1260:
1247:
1230:
1165:
1128:
1106:Song structure (popular music)
356:
186:
13:
1:
1992:A Book of Old English Ballads
1769:National Library of Australia
1716:(Greenwood, 2005), pp. 14-29.
1139:– via Internet Archive.
1137:"Harvard Dictionary Of Music"
1081:List of folk song collections
959:National Library of Australia
864:Summers County, West Virginia
715:
591:
461:indicates that ballads about
232:(eight syllables) and iambic
1959:The Traditional Ballad Index
1954:Welsh Ballads resource guide
1375:. Scarecrow Press. pp.
1175:(Penguin 1972, 1976), p. 20.
1122:
745:of 1728, with a libretto by
313:significantly, like Spanish
7:
1995:public domain audiobook at
1499:G. Newman and L. E. Brown,
1490:, retrieved 15 August 2011.
1054:
875:The Ballad of Davy Crockett
10:
2421:
1797:(Greenwood, 2005), p. 297.
1692:(Greenwood, 2005), p. 568.
1555:(Routledge, 1985), p. 204.
1516:(Routledge, 1985), p. 199.
996:
919:
892:
693:
683:The Ballad of Reading Gaol
595:
508:. Burns collaborated with
424:
242:Lord Thomas and Fair Annet
236:(six syllables), known as
224:) of alternating lines of
190:
119:
101:rarely appear in ballads.
45:
29:
2139:
2086:
2043:
1610:, retrieved 7 April 2015.
1577:S. Ledger, S. McCracken,
1460:(ABC-CLIO, 1997), p. 352.
1312:(ABC-CLIO, 1997), p. 353.
1076:List of the Child Ballads
648:produced a collection of
537:The Ballad of Chevy Chase
1193:(Routledge, 1979), p. 5.
1011:(descendants perhaps of
820:The Martins and the Coys
751:John Christopher Pepusch
1912:Oxford University Press
1876:Oxford University Press
1832:Oxford University Press
1608:Encyclopædia Britannica
1410:, 40 (2006), pp. 12-21.
1160:British Popular Ballads
646:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
476:(1633–1703) and in the
363:Johann Gottfried Herder
40:Ballad (disambiguation)
1339:Modern Language Review
1223:D. Head and I. Ousby,
1062:Alfred Perceval Graves
938:
866:
789:Gilbert and Sullivan's
749:and music arranged by
721:
611:
561:
444:
393:
205:
65:
1086:List of Irish ballads
945:. The rhyming songs,
929:
871:The Streets of Laredo
857:
703:
605:
549:
439:of the Scots ballad "
434:
384:
200:
56:
1848:Randel, Don (1986).
1820:(13 January 2015) .
1101:Roud Folk Song Index
1091:List of rock ballads
811:The Threepenny Opera
775:Isaac Bickerstaffe's
674:Barrack-Room Ballads
515:Scots Musical Museum
512:on the multi-volume
365:(1744–1803) and the
203:A Gest of Robyn Hode
179:" in a 13th-century
48:Balladeering (album)
38:For other uses, see
2104:Electronic libretto
2033:Musical composition
1822:"Popular Music (I)"
1207:"Popular Ballads",
993:Sentimental ballads
883:George Malcolm Laws
814:was a reworking of
729:stage entertainment
710:, Act III Scene 2,
574:Francis James Child
421:Traditional ballads
343:Bishop Thomas Percy
341:collectors such as
325:rather than rhyme.
2172:Sentimental ballad
1907:Grove Music Online
1871:Grove Music Online
1827:Grove Music Online
1818:Middleton, Richard
1738:2010-01-10 at the
1566:The Life of Goethe
1341:11 (1916), p. 387.
1253:"Popular Ballads"
999:Sentimental ballad
973:(landowners), and
939:
936:The Old Bush Songs
867:
816:The Beggar's Opera
742:The Beggar's Opera
722:
707:The Beggar's Opera
704:Painting based on
642:William Wordsworth
612:
562:
445:
394:
206:
114:sentimental ballad
93:with ABCB or ABAB
66:
33:Sentimental ballad
27:Verse set to music
2377:
2376:
2073:Singer-songwriter
1921:978-1-56159-263-0
1892:Winton, Calhoun.
1885:978-1-56159-263-0
1841:978-1-56159-263-0
1386:978-1-4616-7417-7
1290:M. Hawkins-Dady,
1272:www.history.ac.uk
1013:broadside ballads
791:early works like
778:Love in a Village
630:Romantic movement
598:Broadside (music)
478:Roxburghe Ballads
467:Wynkyn de Worde's
16:(Redirected from
2412:
2162:Execution ballad
2121:Musical notation
2026:
2019:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1989:
1988:
1925:
1910:(8th ed.).
1889:
1874:(8th ed.).
1845:
1830:(8th ed.).
1798:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1771:. Archived from
1761:
1755:
1748:
1742:
1726:
1717:
1710:
1693:
1686:
1680:
1669:
1663:
1656:
1650:
1643:
1637:
1630:
1624:
1617:
1611:
1601:
1595:
1588:
1582:
1575:
1569:
1564:J. R. Williams,
1562:
1556:
1549:
1543:
1536:
1530:
1523:
1517:
1510:
1504:
1497:
1491:
1480:
1474:
1471:Victorian Poetry
1467:
1461:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1435:. Archived from
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1374:
1364:
1358:
1351:
1342:
1335:
1329:
1319:
1313:
1306:
1295:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1264:
1258:
1251:
1245:
1234:
1228:
1221:
1212:
1205:
1194:
1187:
1176:
1169:
1163:
1156:
1141:
1140:
1132:
987:Waltzing Matilda
850:American ballads
806:Bertolt Brecht's
720:
717:
664:cooperated with
624:Literary ballads
550:Illustration by
453:William Langland
435:Illustration by
137:chanson balladée
84:Late Middle Ages
74:chanson balladée
43:
36:
21:
18:Literary ballads
2420:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2206:Christmas carol
2199:Repetitive song
2194:Cumulative song
2184:Children's song
2135:
2094:Instrumentation
2082:
2039:
2030:
1986:
1935:
1922:
1902:"Ballad (jazz)"
1886:
1842:
1809:Dugaw, Dianne.
1806:
1801:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1749:
1745:
1740:Wayback Machine
1727:
1720:
1711:
1696:
1687:
1683:
1670:
1666:
1657:
1653:
1644:
1640:
1631:
1627:
1618:
1614:
1602:
1598:
1589:
1585:
1576:
1572:
1563:
1559:
1550:
1546:
1537:
1533:
1524:
1520:
1511:
1507:
1498:
1494:
1481:
1477:
1468:
1464:
1455:
1451:
1442:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1418:
1414:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1365:
1361:
1352:
1345:
1336:
1332:
1320:
1316:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1285:
1276:
1274:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1252:
1248:
1244:, 1997), p. 81.
1235:
1231:
1222:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1170:
1166:
1158:J. E. Housman,
1157:
1144:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1057:
1045:R&B ballads
1001:
995:
924:
918:
897:
891:
852:
847:
824:Peter Bellamy's
718:
712:William Hogarth
698:
692:
676:" (1892–6) and
651:Lyrical Ballads
626:
600:
594:
570:Svend Grundtvig
520:George Thompson
441:The Twa Corbies
429:
423:
414:
379:
359:
336:Kingdom in the
296:
278:
264:
195:
189:
122:
51:
44:
37:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2418:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2345:Football chant
2342:
2332:
2330:Signature song
2327:
2326:
2325:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2181:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1983:
1977:
1972:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1934:
1933:External links
1931:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1897:
1890:
1884:
1861:
1846:
1840:
1814:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1786:
1775:on 2 June 2003
1756:
1743:
1718:
1694:
1681:
1671:A. J. Aby and
1664:
1651:
1638:
1625:
1612:
1604:"Ballad opera"
1596:
1583:
1570:
1557:
1544:
1531:
1518:
1505:
1492:
1475:
1462:
1449:
1424:
1412:
1399:
1385:
1359:
1343:
1330:
1314:
1296:
1283:
1259:
1246:
1229:
1213:
1195:
1177:
1164:
1142:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1064:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1023:" (1892) and "
1021:After the Ball
997:Main article:
994:
991:
963:sheep shearing
932:Banjo Paterson
920:Main article:
917:
914:
893:Main article:
890:
887:
851:
848:
846:
843:
827:The Transports
767:Henry Fielding
759:Thomas d'Urfey
694:Main article:
691:
688:
625:
622:
596:Main article:
593:
590:
552:Arthur Rackham
541:Richard Sheale
533:Border ballads
437:Arthur Rackham
422:
419:
413:
412:Classification
410:
386:Walter Scott's
378:
375:
367:Brothers Grimm
358:
355:
214:ballad stanzas
188:
185:
121:
118:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2417:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2335:Sporting song
2333:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2323:"I Want" song
2321:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2296:Campaign song
2294:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2267:Nonsense song
2265:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2218:Drinking song
2216:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2189:Campfire song
2187:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2167:Murder ballad
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2126:Orchestration
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2022:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2004:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1859:
1858:0-674-61525-5
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1796:
1790:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1729:Kerry O'Brien
1725:
1723:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1691:
1685:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1661:
1658:K. Lawrence,
1655:
1648:
1642:
1635:
1629:
1622:
1616:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1593:
1587:
1580:
1574:
1567:
1561:
1554:
1548:
1541:
1538:M. Spufford,
1535:
1528:
1522:
1515:
1509:
1502:
1496:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1472:
1466:
1459:
1456:T. A. Green,
1453:
1439:on 2012-10-24
1438:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1409:
1403:
1388:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1363:
1356:
1350:
1348:
1340:
1334:
1327:
1323:
1322:Ruth Finnegan
1318:
1311:
1308:T. A. Green,
1305:
1303:
1301:
1293:
1287:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1257:, pp. 610-17.
1256:
1250:
1243:
1239:
1236:T. A. Green,
1233:
1226:
1220:
1218:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1174:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1138:
1131:
1127:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1096:Murder ballad
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1049:power ballads
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:printed music
1014:
1010:
1006:
1005:Tin Pan Alley
1000:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:John Meredith
952:
948:
944:
937:
933:
928:
923:
913:
911:
907:
903:
896:
889:Blues ballads
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
865:
861:
856:
845:Beyond Europe
842:
840:
839:
834:
833:
828:
825:
822:in 1944, and
821:
817:
813:
812:
807:
803:
798:
796:
795:
790:
786:
783:
779:
776:
772:
771:Colley Cibber
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
743:
737:
734:
730:
727:
713:
709:
708:
702:
697:
690:Ballad operas
687:
685:
684:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
658:
653:
652:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
621:
618:
609:
604:
599:
589:
587:
586:
581:
580:
575:
571:
566:
560:
558:
553:
548:
544:
542:
538:
534:
529:
527:
526:
521:
517:
516:
511:
510:James Johnson
507:
506:
501:
497:
496:
491:
487:
483:
482:Robert Harley
480:collected by
479:
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
459:
458:Piers Plowman
454:
450:
442:
438:
433:
428:
427:Child Ballads
418:
409:
406:
402:
401:
392:
391:
387:
383:
374:
372:
368:
364:
354:
352:
346:
344:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
316:
310:
308:
304:
300:
294:
290:
286:
282:
276:
272:
268:
262:
258:
254:
250:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
204:
199:
194:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
143:
138:
135:
131:
127:
117:
115:
111:
107:
102:
100:
96:
95:rhyme schemes
92:
87:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
63:
59:
55:
49:
41:
34:
19:
2405:Poetic forms
2357:Tragedy song
2306:Protest song
2301:Freedom song
2262:Novelty song
2255:Breakup song
2156:
2116:Musical form
1991:
1905:
1893:
1869:
1849:
1825:
1810:
1794:
1789:
1777:. Retrieved
1773:the original
1768:
1759:
1751:
1746:
1713:
1689:
1688:L. Lehrman,
1684:
1676:
1667:
1659:
1654:
1646:
1641:
1633:
1632:M. Lubbock,
1628:
1620:
1615:
1607:
1599:
1591:
1590:M. Lubbock,
1586:
1578:
1573:
1565:
1560:
1552:
1547:
1539:
1534:
1526:
1521:
1513:
1508:
1500:
1495:
1487:
1482:E. Nebeker,
1478:
1473:54.4 (2017).
1470:
1465:
1457:
1452:
1441:. Retrieved
1437:the original
1427:
1420:
1419:Robin Ganev,
1415:
1407:
1402:
1390:. Retrieved
1370:
1362:
1354:
1338:
1333:
1325:
1317:
1309:
1291:
1286:
1275:. Retrieved
1271:
1262:
1254:
1249:
1237:
1232:
1224:
1208:
1190:
1189:A. N. Bold,
1172:
1167:
1159:
1130:
1071:Narcocorrido
1041:rock ballads
1033:jazz ballads
1002:
940:
935:
916:Bush ballads
898:
895:Blues ballad
868:
836:
830:
826:
819:
815:
809:
799:
794:The Sorcerer
792:
784:
777:
762:
740:
738:
723:
705:
696:Ballad opera
681:
655:
649:
638:Walter Scott
634:Robert Burns
627:
613:
607:
583:
577:
567:
563:
555:
530:
523:
513:
503:
500:Thomas Percy
493:
490:Robert Burns
486:Walter Scott
474:Samuel Pepys
471:
456:
446:
415:
405:Walter Scott
398:
395:
388:
377:Transmission
360:
347:
327:
319:octosyllabic
317:, which are
314:
311:
306:
302:
298:
292:
288:
284:
280:
274:
270:
266:
260:
256:
252:
248:
246:
238:ballad meter
207:
162:
155:Scandinavian
150:
140:
136:
123:
103:
88:
77:
73:
69:
67:
61:
2400:Folk poetry
2274:Patter song
2228:Sleeper hit
2211:Advent song
2147:Answer song
1779:15 November
1619:F. Kidson,
1353:B. Sweers,
1171:A. Jacobs,
1037:pop ballads
1015:, but with
922:Bush ballad
910:Casey Jones
879:Jesse James
780:(1763) and
719: 1728
678:Oscar Wilde
557:Young Bekie
371:Cecil Sharp
357:Composition
220:(four-line
187:Ballad form
2395:Folk music
2384:Categories
2367:Sea shanty
2352:Theme song
2340:Fight song
2250:Torch song
2233:Summer hit
2140:Song types
2131:Song cycle
2087:Components
2078:Hymnwriter
2068:Songwriter
1793:N. Cohen,
1750:G. Smith,
1733:abc.net.au
1712:N. Cohen,
1673:P. Gruchow
1443:2012-08-07
1392:August 30,
1277:2017-12-12
1191:The Ballad
1111:Torch song
1029:love songs
906:John Henry
860:John Henry
858:Statue of
802:Kurt Weill
592:Broadsides
463:Robin Hood
425:See also:
323:consonance
315:romanceros
230:tetrameter
191:See also:
181:manuscript
106:broadsides
58:Maria Wiik
2362:Work song
2318:Show tune
2284:Hymn tune
2279:Plainsong
2245:Love song
2240:List song
1645:G. Wren,
1525:T. Watt,
1211:, p. 610.
1123:Citations
1025:Danny Boy
979:Ned Kelly
971:squatters
930:Cover to
902:the blues
733:satirical
585:The Pearl
449:minstrels
218:quatrains
193:AABA form
169:Minnesang
126:narrative
110:love song
91:quatrains
2311:War song
2223:Hit song
2179:Car song
2152:Art song
2099:Libretto
2063:Lyricist
2051:Composer
1997:LibriVox
1736:Archived
1242:ABC-CLIO
1055:See also
983:trucking
977:such as
951:The Bush
782:Shield's
755:Parisian
747:John Gay
686:(1897).
670:Schubert
666:Schiller
330:Scotland
321:and use
234:trimeter
210:couplets
159:Germanic
99:couplets
2390:Ballads
1067:Corrido
1047:" and "
975:outlaws
943:outback
877:' and '
838:Cabaret
832:Chicago
808:(1928)
726:English
617:chapmen
351:refrain
251:| fair
222:stanzas
173:England
164:Beowulf
151:ballare
142:ballade
128:set to
120:Origins
79:ballade
2157:Ballad
2111:Lyrics
1918:
1882:
1856:
1838:
1383:
785:Rosina
662:Goethe
301:| ing
287:| was
283:| ver
273:| the
269:| led
226:iambic
134:French
70:ballad
64:(1898)
62:Ballad
2044:Roles
1379:–43.
1009:opera
947:poems
763:Polly
338:Scots
334:Fairy
297:With
279:With
255:| et
249:horse
177:Judas
130:music
2056:List
2037:song
2035:and
1916:ISBN
1880:ISBN
1854:ISBN
1836:ISBN
1781:2023
1394:2017
1381:ISBN
1116:Vaar
1069:and
1043:", "
1039:", "
1035:", "
908:and
835:and
804:and
644:and
636:and
488:and
307:hind
305:| be
303:gold
299:burn
293:fore
291:| be
289:shod
275:wind
271:like
259:| up
257:rode
247:The
175:is "
157:and
1051:".
680:'s
554:to
522:on
498:by
455:'s
309:|.
281:sil
267:amb
265:He
253:Ann
244:":
216:or
139:or
76:or
2386::
1914:.
1904:.
1878:.
1868:.
1834:.
1824:.
1767:.
1721:^
1697:^
1675:,
1606:,
1486:,
1377:42
1346:^
1324:,
1299:^
1270:.
1216:^
1198:^
1180:^
1145:^
912:.
841:.
769:,
765:.
716:c.
714:,
543:.
528:.
285:he
277:|,
261:on
183:.
149::
68:A
60:,
2025:e
2018:t
2011:v
1924:.
1888:.
1860:.
1844:.
1783:.
1446:.
1396:.
1280:.
1240:(
610:.
559:.
443:"
295:,
263:|
147:L
50:.
42:.
35:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
