725:
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1813:
881:
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894:
544:
1827:
532:
520:
508:
496:
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390:(including a phenomenon named the "Three Sisters") are known to occur on the Great Lakes, including waves reinforced by reflections from the vertical shores of some of the lakes. Waves on the lakes (especially the shallower ones) can be steeper and closer together than on the ocean, allowing less recovery time between waves. Compared to the ocean, the Great Lakes also have less maneuvering "sea room" and closer proximity to shores, making it more difficult for ships to weather storms.
1001:
the ability to predict the storm but hesitated to admit its limitations because it wanted to secure higher budgets. Instead, it focused on the terminology and nature of warnings. Another factor was the underpowering of large ships that affected their ability to travel, maneuver and hold steady in severe storms. Even with both anchors dropped and steaming full power into the wind, several were unable to avoid being carried backward. For example, the 504-foot-long (154 m)
460:. The northern portion of this storm began sweeping warm moist Atlantic air over colder air in the Ohio area producing heavy snows. The northwest portion of this extremely powerful storm began creating strong winds from the north along the long axis of Lake Huron, building large waves. By November 10, twenty-four hours of such building had created immense waves which ships were subjected to along with the high winds as the center of the storm crossed north/northwest over
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3708:
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692:. With the bow wedged in the rocks, the hull shredded and a crack forming in the deck, the captain ordered everyone to the bow and that the ship be flooded to prevent her from being washed back into the depths of the lake. The steward's wife and her mother were reluctant to leave the stern and the crew struggled to carry them over hundreds of feet of open deck in the storm, including traversing a now-widening crack. During the process the
1016:, combined with operational economics, dictated the use of slimmer, shallower ships than comparable ocean-going vessels, reducing stability and structural strength. The "straight deck" ship design was becoming prevalent, requiring more and larger hatch covers, which increased vulnerability to storms. Insufficient strength of the hatches and their fastenings was also noted, as well as the shortness of the 12 in (30 cm) hatch
47:
1024:" or leveling the pyramid-shape piles of bulk solid cargo made them more prone to shifting and causing a capsize. Many raised concerns about the practice of shipping companies incentivizing or pressuring captains to sail during the dangerous November season and during dangerous weather. These concerns continued and were echoed sixty-two years later after the sinking of
969:, with most happening on southern and southwestern Lake Huron. Captains reported waves reaching at least 35 ft (11 m) in height. These waves were shorter in length than waves usually formed by gales and occurred in rapid succession. Rocky shores prevalent on the lakes reflect rather than absorb waves. Reflected waves can combine with incoming waves to create
808:" with sustained hurricane-force winds of more than 70 mph (110 km/h) on the four western lakes. The worst damage was done on Lake Huron as ships sought shelter along its southern end. Gusts of 90 mph (140 km/h) were reported off Harbor Beach. The lake's shape allowed northerly winds to increase unimpeded because water has less
677:", the level of the deck house below the wheelhouse. The captain ordered that the ship be turned around to try to reach shelter behind the Keweenaw Peninsula. As recounted by second mate Feeger: "The wind sent on gigantic wave after another over parts of the ship...The snow was so blinding that none of us could see 50 feet ahead".
764:, 180 miles (290 km) to the southwest, winds remained northwest during the day, shifting to the west by 5:00 p.m., and maintaining speeds of more than 50 mph (80 km/h). The fastest gust in Cleveland, 79 mph (127 km/h), occurred at 4:40 p.m. At Buffalo, barometric pressure dropped from 29.52
626:." At 10:00 a.m., Coast Guard stations and Weather Bureau offices at Lake Superior ports raised white pennants above red and black storm warning flags, indicating a storm warning with northwesterly winds. The storm was centered over eastern Lake Superior, covering the entire lake basin. The weather forecast of the
908:
Along the shoreline, blizzards stopped traffic and communication, causing hundreds of thousands of dollars in damage. Cleveland received 22 inches (56 cm) of heavy snow combined with sustained winds of 62 mph (100 km/h) with gusts to 79 mph (127 km/h) and ice formation. There
593:
below it, indicating a storm with winds of 55 mph (89 km/h) that would blow from the southwest. After dark, a red lantern over a white one was displayed to warn of storm winds from the west. The winds on Lake
Superior had already reached 60 mph (97 km/h), with gusts to 80 mph
996:
The final tally of financial loss was approximately US$ 4,780,000 (equivalent to $ 147,360,000 in 2023). This included US$ 2,332,000 for totally lost vessels, US$ 830,900 for vessels that became constructive total losses, US$ 620,000 for vessels stranded but returned to service and approximately
447:
to predict or understand the storm. They also were unable to predict wind directions to allow ships to avoid or cope with the storm's conditions. More modern studies of the available information and data from the storm provide better descriptions of its weather mechanisms and treat it as two storms.
1000:
While the storm was the main cause of damage on the lakes, human factors, including measures that could have reduced the storm's effects but were not taken, also contributed. Post-storm conversations mostly focused on placing blame but served to highlight weaknesses. The
Weather Bureau did not have
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mechanisms, which were then referred to as "squall lines", were not yet understood. Surface observations were only collected twice daily at stations around the country; by the time these data were collected and maps were hand-drawn, the information was no longer representative of the actual weather
475:
Winds exceeding hurricane-force occurred over four of the Great Lakes for extended periods. Wave heights observed during the storm were estimated by observation rather than measurement; observations of regular waves exceeding 35 ft (11 m) were corroborated by modern-day simulations which
451:
By
November 7, a string of low-pressure centers in Canada had consolidated into a low-pressure center southwest of Lake Superior which became "Storm #1". At the same time, warm air pushed into the central Great Lakes from the south. By November 8, this storm was moving east through northern Lake
298:
failed to predict the intensity of the storm, and the process of preparing and communicating predictions was slow. These factors contributed to the storm's destructiveness. The contemporaneous weather forecasters did not have enough data, communications, analysis capability and understanding of
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In the late afternoon of
November 10, an unknown vessel was spotted floating upside-down in about 60 feet (18 m) of water on the eastern coast of Michigan, within sight of Huronia Beach and the mouth of the St. Clair River. Determining the identity of this "mystery ship" became a national
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described the aftermath: "Cleveland lay in white and mighty solitude, mute and deaf to the outside world, a city of lonesome snowiness, storm-swept from end to end, when the violence of the two-day blizzard lessened late yesterday afternoon." William H. Alexander, Cleveland's chief weather
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Take it all in all—the depth of the snowfall, the tremendous wind, the amount of damage done and the total unpreparedness of the people—I think it is safe to say that the present storm is the worst experienced in
Cleveland during the whole forty-three years the U.S. Weather Bureau has been
775:
The rotating low continued northward into the evening, bringing its counterclockwise winds in phase with the northwesterly winds already hitting Lakes
Superior and Huron. This resulted in a dramatic increase in northerly wind speeds and swirling snow. Ships on Lake Huron that were south of
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estimate these at 38 ft (12 m). Interaction between waves (such as those reflected from vertical shorelines) can nearly double wave heights; observations of such waves during the storm estimated some as high as 50 ft (15 m), including the one that crushed the bridge of
949:
There was a small death toll in
Cleveland considering the severity of the storm. Sources describe one freezing death, plus some deaths from accidents. One death and one near-death were from downed power lines. Immediately following the blizzard, the city began a campaign to move all
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extra edition read: "BOAT IS PRICE—DIVER IS BAKER—SECRET KNOWN." Milton Smith, an assistant engineer who decided at the last moment not to join his crew on premonition of disaster, helped identify bodies from the wreck. Among the debris cast up by the storm was the wreckage of the
291:(the length of water over which a given wind has blown without obstruction) of hundreds of miles, allowing huge waves to form. Rogue waves are known to occur on the Great Lakes, including waves reinforced by reflections from the vertical shores of some of the lakes.
315:
holds heat that allows them to remain relatively warm late into the year and postpones the cooling and first frosts in the region. During the autumn, two major weather tracks converge over the area. Cold, dry air moves south and southeast from northern Canada as an
630:
stated southerly winds had remained "moderate to brisk." Northwesterly winds had reached gale strength on northern Lake
Michigan and western Lake Superior. Gale wind flags were raised at more than a hundred ports, but many captains continued their journeys.
336:. The collision of these air masses forms large storm systems in the middle of the North American continent, including the Great Lakes. When the cold air from these storms moves over the lakes, it is warmed by the waters below and picks up a spin. As the
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The
Wisconsin Almanac: Being a Loosely Organized Compendium of Facts, History, Lore, Remembrances, Puzzles, Recipes, and Both Household and Gardening Advice with Which to Offer Elucidation, Assistance, and Occasional Amusement to the Conscientious
932:
After the final blizzards hit
Cleveland, the city was paralyzed under feet of ice and snow, and was without power for days. Telephone poles were broken and power cables lay in tangled masses. Nearly all rail traffic was halted. The November 11
744:, a southern low-pressure area was moving toward the lake. This low had formed overnight so was absent from Friday's weather map. It had been moving northward but turned northwestward after passing over Washington. The low's intense,
843:
By Tuesday, the storm was rapidly moving across eastern Canada. Without the warm lake waters, it quickly lost strength. The system carried less snowfall because of its speed and the lack of lake effect snow. All shipping along the
359:, produce waves over 50 feet (15 m) high and dump significant falls of rain or snow. Fueled by the warm waters, these powerful storms may remain over the Great Lakes for days. November gales have caused several
1028:. Few of these factors were acted upon. One change was that the Weather Bureau clarified their previous ambiguity and said that they would post a higher-than-gale level warning for the most severe predicted storms.
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721:, until 8:00 p.m. This proved to be a serious problem; the storm would have most of the day to build up hurricane-force winds before the Bureau headquarters in Washington would have detailed information.
716:
that had moved across Lake Superior was moving northeast, away from the lakes. The Weather Bureau issued the first of its twice-daily reports at approximately 8:00 a.m.; it did not send another report to
756:, morning northwest winds had shifted to the northeast by noon and to the southeast by 5:00 p.m., with gusts of up to 80 mph (130 km/h) occurring between 1:00 p.m. and 2:00 p.m. In
1111:
in search of assistance. Most of the bodies were recovered on the Canadian shores of southern Lake Huron. The lost ships included some of the newest and largest ships on the Great Lakes.
840:
operators stayed with their stranded, powerless vehicles for two nights, eating food provided by local residents. Travelers were forced to take shelter and wait for the storm to pass.
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594:(130 km/h) and an accompanying blizzard was moving toward Lake Huron. Sustained wind speeds reached 62 mph (100 km/h) and gusts to 68 mph (109 km/h) at
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to hit the Great Lakes in recorded history. More than 250 people were killed. Shipping was hard hit; nineteen ships were destroyed, and nineteen others were stranded. About
1103:
The ships that sank during the storm with all hands are ordered in the table below by the number of victims. The table does not include the three victims from the freighter
17:
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and two stokers ran the ship at full power to try to wedge the bow further onto the shore. They then abandoned the stern and took shelter with the others in the unheated
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were four-foot (120 cm) snowdrifts around Lake Huron. Electricity supply was disrupted for several days across Michigan and Ontario, cutting off telephone and
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described the storm as "moderately severe." The forecast predicted increased winds and falling temperatures over the next twenty-four hours. At 10:00 a.m.,
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1902:
While the boat was being lowered into the water, a breaking wave smashed it into the side of the ship. The men disappeared into the near-freezing waters below.
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had a single 1,760 horsepower engine. Three years after the storm, the same shipyard built a 587-foot-long (179 m) freighter with only 1,800 horsepower.
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Weather forecasters of the time did not have enough data or understanding of atmospheric dynamics to predict or comprehend the events of Sunday November 9.
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287:. Winds exceeding hurricane-force occurred over four of the lakes for extended periods creating very large waves. The large size of the lakes provides
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behind it. An additional 17 inches (43 cm) of snow fell on Cleveland that day, filling the streets with snowdrifts 6 feet (1.8 m) high.
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to predict the storm. They could not predict wind directions, which is key to the ability of ships to avoid or cope with the effects of storms.
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796:—experienced massive waves moving southward toward St. Clair River. Some ships sought shelter along the Michigan shore or between Goderich and
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1020:. The limited compartmentalization of cargo holds meant the flooding of one compartment was sufficient to sink the ship. The practice of not "
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predicted "moderate to brisk" winds at the Great Lakes with occasional rain on Thursday night or Friday for the upper lakes (except southern
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214:, Canada, between November 7 and 10, 1913. The storm was most powerful on November 9, battering and overturning ships on four of the five
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in recorded history to hit the Great Lakes, killing more than 250 people, destroying nineteen ships and stranding nineteen others. About
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in Lake Superior, ran into a sudden northerly gale and was severely damaged. This gale lasted until late November 10 and almost forced
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1 million of cargo weighing about 68,300 tons—including coal, iron ore and grain—was lost. The storm impacted many cities, including
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5994:
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257:, which received 22 in (56 cm) of snow combined with winds up to 79 mph (127 km/h) and was paralyzed for days.
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2206:"Steamer Cornell Detailed Account Of Captain Noble's Experiences In Storm On Lake Superior, November 7th, 8th & 9th, 1913"
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673:; bent the steel floor of the compass room; swept the wheelsman out of the wheelhouse; and tore three of the walls from the "
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interest, resulting in daily front-page newspaper coverage. The ship eventually sank and was identified on November 15 as
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665:, was overrun by monster waves out of the northwest on Lake Michigan. Approximately forty-five miles northeast of the
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Huron while strong northerly winds developed behind it over Lake Superior. By November 9, "Storm #2" had formed over
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929:, harbor lost its south breakwater and much of the surrounding South Park area that had been recently renovated.
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3707:
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804:, indicating extremely high winds and tall waves. From 8:00 p.m. to midnight, the storm became a "
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stations and all 112 Weather Bureau signal stations on the Great Lakes received a directive to hoist a
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in 1905, twenty-seven wooden vessels were lost. During a November gale in 1975, the giant bulk carrier
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4243:
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By noon on Sunday, weather conditions on lower Lake Huron were close to normal for a November gale.
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of hundreds of miles allowing huge waves to be developed. Their large unobstructed spaces result in
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914:
781:
662:
398:
The Great Lakes Storm of 1913 was first noticed on Thursday, November 6 on the western side of
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416:) and fair-to-unsettled conditions for the lower lakes. Around midnight on November 6–7, the
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2007:
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US$ 1,000,000 in lost cargoes. This figure excludes financial losses in coastal cities.
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then failed; helpless without it, 70mph winds drove the ship aground on Gull Rock near
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White Hurricane: A Great Lakes November Gale and America's Deadliest Maritime Disaster
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363:, with at least twenty-five killer storms affecting the region since 1847. During the
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2957:"100 years after ore boat disappeared in Lake Superior storm, searchers locate wreck"
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Bentley, Mace; Horstmeyer, Steve (November–December 1998). "The witch of November".
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Freshwater Fury: Yarns and Reminiscences of the Greatest Storm in Inland Navigation
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did not have enough data, communications, analysis capability and understanding of
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1 million of cargo—including coal, iron ore and grain—weighing about 68,300
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rotation was made apparent by the changing wind directions around its center. In
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A surface analysis map showing the convergence of two systems to form a typical
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fueled by the Great Lakes' relatively warm waters—a seasonal process called a "
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Great Lakes–Saint Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement
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2049:. Published online November 16, 2001, Suite101. Retrieved February 5, 2005.
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772:) at 8:00 a.m. to 28.77 inHg (974.3 hPa) at 8:00 p.m.
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1932:"Great Lakes Hurricane of 1913: A Meteorological Review 100 Years Later"
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in some areas began to rise, bringing hopes of an end to the storm. The
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and with all crew still on board. The large size of the lakes provides
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2653:"Harbor Beach, MI (Lake Huron) Fishing Tug Searchlight Lost, Apr 1907"
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2094:"The White Hurricane Storm of 1913 A Numerical Model Retrospective"
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30:"The Big Blow" redirects here. For a novel by Joe R. Lansdale, see
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system continues over the lakes, its power is intensified by the
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2004:"The White Hurricane: The worst storm in Great Lakes history"
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in tubes beneath major streets. The project took five years.
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Great Lakes Basin Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Program
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than land and because the wind followed the lake's length.
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November's Fury: The Deadly Great Lakes Hurricane of 1913
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while warm, moist air moves north and northeast from the
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2929:"Man discovers Lake Huron shipwreck missing since 1913"
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2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2733:
2630:
EXTRA edition, Port Huron, Michigan, November 15, 1913.
2598:
2596:
2568:
2566:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2413:
2396:
2019:
The Great Storm of 1913, known as the 'White Hurricane'
2608:
2508:
Annual Report of the Lake Carriers' Association. 1913.
2374:
2372:
2354:
2342:
2266:
2156:
1055:
Geographical diagram of ships wrecked during the storm
921:
basin from storms, was swept away in a few hours. The
622:
By Saturday, the storm's status had been upgraded to "
2490:
2173:
3180:. St. Catharines, Ont.: Vanwell Publishing Limited.
2829:
2781:
2769:
2757:
2745:
2673:
2593:
2563:
2461:
2449:
2425:
1808:
485:
US weather maps showing the progression of the storm
4414:
Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Governors and Premiers
3116:. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.
2535:
2384:
2369:
2330:
2305:
2293:
2281:
2223:
2111:
1978:
1868:Another storm called the "Big Blow" which sank the
3202:Personal experiences of Captains of the Lake Fleet
3027:Maritime Buffalo, Buffalo History, Lightship LV 82
732:(photo of downed power lines taken on November 11)
3159:Ships Gone Missing: The Great Lakes Storm of 1913
2061:
967:Major shipwrecks occurred on all but Lake Ontario
965:The greatest damage was done on the Great Lakes.
913:communications. A recently-completed US$ 100,000
347:The resulting storm, which is commonly called a "
225:The storm was the deadliest and most destructive
6333:
3759:
1038:List of shipwrecks of the 1913 Great Lakes storm
3046:. Great Lakes Books Series. Detroit, Michigan:
3035:
2906:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
280:estimated at over 35 feet (11 m) high and
4652:Major snow and ice events in the United States
3178:Wrecks and Disasters: Great Lakes Album Series
917:at Chicago, which was intended to protect the
860:The storm was the deadliest, most destructive
4636:
4444:Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory
3745:
3222:
3029:on March 5, 2016. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
2087:
2085:
2083:
2057:
2055:
1107:, who had volunteered to leave the ship on a
832:, on the morning of Monday November 10, with
18:List of victims of the 1913 Great Lakes storm
3175:
3005:Vogel, Michael N.; Redding, Paul F. (1990).
3004:
2068:. Vol. 51, no. 6. pp. 29–35.
2024:
1914:
852:, was halted on Monday and part of Tuesday.
6367:1913 natural disasters in the United States
1958:
1956:
587:square, red signal flag with a black center
4643:
4629:
3752:
3738:
3229:
3215:
3130:
2874:
2811:
2799:
2739:
2241:
2150:
2138:
2091:
2080:
2052:
669:, an estimated 50' rogue wave smashed the
423:, which was 50 miles (80 km) west of
45:
3237:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1913
3021:As excerpted with authors' permission by
2327:, Port Huron, Michigan, November 8, 1913.
2263:, Port Huron, Michigan. November 7, 1913.
1841:October 2010 North American storm complex
468:. Surface pressures went as low as 968.5
2981:"History & Salvage of the SS Regina"
2926:
2043:"The Great Lakes: Storm Breeding Ground"
1953:
892:
879:
875:
723:
605:
3156:
3111:
3087:
3009:. Western New York Heritage Institute.
2954:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2614:
2252:
2250:
2179:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1929:
800:. Three of the larger ships were found
567:On Friday, the weather forecast in the
14:
6334:
3041:
2920:
2553:
2195:, Detroit, Michigan, November 5, 1913.
6407:November 1913 events in North America
4624:
3733:
3210:
3176:Shipley, Robert; Addis, Fred (1992).
3064:
2862:
2823:
2787:
2775:
2763:
2751:
2727:
2715:
2703:
2691:
2679:
2639:
2602:
2587:
2572:
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2517:
2496:
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2455:
2443:
2431:
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2407:
2390:
2378:
2363:
2348:
2336:
2311:
2299:
2287:
2275:
2229:
2167:
2117:
2001:
1984:
823:
27:Winter storm in 1913 in North America
3114:Great Lakes Shipwrecks and Survivals
2880:
2661:. Marshall, Michigan. April 25, 1907
2247:
1990:
1856:
651:rivers early the following morning.
351:" or "November witch", can maintain
4492:Chicago Yacht Club Race to Mackinac
2210:Maritime History of the Great Lakes
24:
3150:
2927:Schaefer, Jim (November 9, 2015).
2002:Scott, Chris (November 10, 2014).
1031:
889:storm headlines, November 13, 1913
736:Along southeastern Lake Erie near
182:, historically referred to as the
25:
6423:
4239:Isle Royale National Park Islands
3195:
3135:. University of Minnesota Press.
2092:Wagenmaker, Richard; Mann, Greg.
1846:List of storms on the Great Lakes
973:of up to 50 ft (15 m).
828:The storm had moved northeast of
618:while a man watches from a bridge
402:, moving rapidly toward northern
386:higher than nearby inland areas.
361:large storms over the Great Lakes
344:above and the warm waters below.
202:-force winds that devastated the
4605:
3715:
3706:
3701:
2955:Krueger, Andrew (June 9, 2013).
1825:
1811:
1044:
993:, which was lost in April 1907.
784:and Port Huron in Michigan, and
610:A wave breaking on the shore of
542:
530:
518:
506:
494:
472:, the lowest of the 1913 storm.
374:sank suddenly without sending a
276:of 90 mph (140 km/h),
3161:. Chicago: Contemporary Books.
2998:
2973:
2948:
2645:
2620:
2502:
2317:
2198:
2185:
1896:
1887:
1878:
981:. The front page of that day's
960:
6382:Blizzards in the United States
4459:International Joint Commission
4449:Great Lakes Fishery Commission
2901:"Shipwrecks of the 1913 storm"
1862:
439:At the time of the storm, the
13:
1:
6412:Shipwrecks in the Great Lakes
2669:– via Gendisasters.com.
2074:10.1080/00431672.1998.9926174
1851:
1634:249.25 ft (75.97 m)
703:
601:
562:
306:
6402:Natural disasters in Ontario
4419:Great Lakes Areas of Concern
4409:Alliance for the Great Lakes
3131:Schumacher, Michael (2013).
3048:Wayne State University Press
3036:General and cited references
1908:
855:
441:United States Weather Bureau
296:United States Weather Bureau
7:
4285:Province of Ontario Islands
3157:Hemming, Robert J. (1992).
1804:
1093:GPX (secondary coordinates)
10:
6428:
2099:. National Weather Service
2041:Heidorn, Keith C. (2001).
1966:. National Weather Service
1941:. National Weather Service
1893:Reprinted in Brown (2002).
1884:Reprinted in Brown (2002).
1793:95.2 ft (29.0 m)
1733:35.5 ft (10.8 m)
1637:42.5 ft (13.0 m)
1035:
639:all that day, through the
406:. The weather forecast in
393:
264:originated when two major
29:
6293:
6037:
5540:
5307:
5300:
4818:
4742:
4658:
4602:
4557:Museum and historic ships
4479:
4401:
4315:
4290:State of Michigan Islands
4219:
4105:
4085:
4022:
3986:
3938:
3880:
3854:
3845:
3804:
3768:
3696:
3554:
3242:
3112:Ratigan, William (1960).
1790:Raised and later scrapped
1088:GPX (primary coordinates)
1063:Map all coordinates using
583:United States Coast Guard
272:"—converged. It produced
180:Great Lakes Storm of 1913
153:
149:
145:
141:
125:
117:
113:
109:
105:
97:
89:
71:
67:
63:
59:
44:
40:Great Lakes Storm of 1913
6342:1913 disasters in Canada
4373:Midcontinent Rift System
3069:. International Marine/
3065:Brown, David G. (2002).
1875:was on October 15, 1880.
1567:550 ft (170 m)
1538:545 ft (166 m)
1469:436 ft (133 m)
1402:436 ft (133 m)
1335:432 ft (132 m)
1268:504 ft (154 m)
1201:504 ft (154 m)
1071:Download coordinates as:
945:established in the city.
661:, eighteen hours out of
434:
208:Midwestern United States
163:Midwestern United States
4194:Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal
3088:Minnich, Jerry (1989).
3023:Buffalohistoryworks.com
2628:Port Huron Times-Herald
2325:Port Huron Times-Herald
2261:Port Huron Times-Herald
1796:21 ft (6.4 m)
1764:32 ft (9.8 m)
1761:213 ft (65 m)
1730:249 ft (76 m)
1701:250 ft (76 m)
1679:43.416667°N 81.916667°W
1447:43.283333°N 82.433333°W
1313:43.953267°N 82.528617°W
1179:45.065333°N 83.039217°W
1129:Approximate coordinates
940:forecaster, commented:
6372:1913 natural disasters
4542:Marine protected areas
4532:Lake Michigan Triangle
4434:Great Lakes Commission
4177:Sault Ste. Marie Canal
3319:April (unknown date):
3093:. Madison, Wisconsin:
3042:Barcus, Frank (1986).
2446:, pp. 13, 19, 68.
1704:40 ft (12 m)
1570:58 ft (18 m)
1541:55 ft (17 m)
1472:50 ft (15 m)
1405:50 ft (15 m)
1338:52 ft (16 m)
1271:54 ft (16 m)
1204:54 ft (16 m)
947:
905:
890:
733:
663:Two Harbors, Minnesota
619:
589:and a red, triangular
311:The water in the five
6311:Extratropical cyclone
4383:Nipissing Great Lakes
4328:Glacial Lake Iroquois
4234:Detroit River Islands
4199:Trent–Severn Waterway
1684:43.416667; -81.916667
1452:43.283333; -82.433333
1380:44.2355°N 82.791667°W
1318:43.953267; -82.528617
1184:45.065333; -83.039217
1083:GPX (all coordinates)
942:
896:
883:
876:Surrounding shoreline
834:lake effect blizzards
798:Point Edward, Ontario
727:
643:all night and up the
635:traveled through the
609:
262:extratropical cyclone
76:Extratropical cyclone
6392:History of Cleveland
6092:Dec 30 – Jan 2, 2021
5709:Dec 30, 2013 – Jan 4
5022:Dec 30, 1963 – Jan 4
4393:Wisconsin glaciation
4368:Last Glacial Maximum
4128:Great Lakes Waterway
3582:Apr (unknown date):
2520:, pp. 203, 225.
2487:, pp. 208, 222.
1930:Gaylord, MI (2013).
1612:43.337333°N 82.446°W
710:Barometric pressures
445:atmospheric dynamics
301:atmospheric dynamics
212:Southwestern Ontario
32:The Big Blow (novel)
6377:Blizzards in Canada
4527:Lake Michigan–Huron
4439:Great Lakes Compact
4429:Great Lakes Charter
4388:Scotch Bonnet Ridge
4189:Straits of Mackinac
4165:St. Lawrence Seaway
3095:North Country Press
2962:Duluth News Tribune
2826:, pp. 217–221.
2730:, pp. 221–222.
2718:, pp. 217–219.
2706:, pp. 205–210.
2694:, pp. 205–226.
2642:, pp. 196–199.
2590:, pp. 146–147.
2532:, pp. 144–145.
2008:The Weather Network
1674: /
1607: /
1511: /
1442: /
1385:44.2355; -82.791667
1375: /
1308: /
1246:43.1529°N 82.3529°W
1241: /
1174: /
901:washed ashore near
780:—especially around
728:East 105th Street,
654:The 472-foot steel
641:Straits of Mackinac
487:
41:
4378:Niagara Escarpment
4307:Potawatomi Islands
4295:Lake Huron Islands
4160:St. Lawrence River
3946:Grand Traverse Bay
3925:St. Joseph Channel
3915:Potagannissing Bay
2934:Detroit Free Press
2422:, pp. 68–103.
2410:, pp. 99–101.
2191:Weather forecast,
2047:Science of the Sky
1939:Winter Talk Series
1617:43.337333; -82.446
1105:William Nottingham
906:
891:
846:St. Lawrence River
824:November 10 and 11
734:
667:Keweenaw Peninsula
620:
483:
39:
6329:
6328:
6289:
6288:
4743:18th–19th century
4618:
4617:
4547:Marysburgh vortex
4256:Manitoulin Island
4251:Lake Erie Islands
4101:
4100:
3961:Little Bay de Noc
3727:
3726:
2969:on June 10, 2013.
2814:, pp. 66–68.
2366:, pp. 59–61.
2351:, pp. 44–67.
2278:, pp. 33–34.
2170:, pp. 47–48.
2141:, pp. 31–32.
1857:Explanatory notes
1802:
1801:
1516:46.914°N 87.333°W
1251:43.1529; -82.3529
1123:Number of victims
1026:Edmund Fitzgerald
1012:of the lakes and
903:Goderich, Ontario
714:low pressure area
560:
559:
371:Edmund Fitzgerald
204:Great Lakes Basin
176:
175:
167:Canadian province
159:Great Lakes Basin
121:90 mph (145 km/h)
101:November 11, 1913
16:(Redirected from
6419:
6362:1913 meteorology
6347:1913 in Michigan
5305:
5304:
4645:
4638:
4631:
4622:
4621:
4612:Lakes portal
4610:
4609:
4608:
4517:Lake-effect snow
4316:Historic geology
3994:Hamilton Harbour
3867:Presque Isle Bay
3852:
3851:
3763:of North America
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3481:James Carruthers
3474:
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3431:Charles S. Price
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3393:Empress of India
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3282:James T. Staples
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3007:Maritime Buffalo
3002:
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2965:. Archived from
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2196:
2193:The Detroit News
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2016:
2014:
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1550:James Carruthers
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1258:
1257:Charles S. Price
1253:
1252:
1247:
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1234:
1213:Charles S. Price
1198:
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1113:
1048:
1003:Charles S. Price
979:Charles S. Price
886:The Detroit News
862:natural disaster
810:surface friction
778:Alpena, Michigan
746:counterclockwise
719:Washington, D.C.
683:
591:maritime pennant
546:
534:
522:
510:
498:
488:
482:
409:The Detroit News
227:natural disaster
93:November 6, 1913
49:
42:
38:
21:
6427:
6426:
6422:
6421:
6420:
6418:
6417:
6416:
6357:1913 in Ontario
6332:
6331:
6330:
6325:
6306:Extreme weather
6285:
6033:
5536:
5296:
4814:
4738:
4654:
4649:
4619:
4614:
4606:
4604:
4598:
4475:
4397:
4311:
4276:Treasure Island
4229:Apostle Islands
4215:
4172:St. Marys River
4155:St. Clair River
4097:
4081:
4035:Chequamegon Bay
4018:
3982:
3978:Manitou Passage
3966:Porte des Morts
3934:
3893:Nottawasaga Bay
3876:
3847:
3841:
3805:Secondary lakes
3800:
3764:
3758:
3728:
3723:
3714:
3692:
3676:
3666:
3656:
3646:
3630:
3619:
3608:
3591:
3581:
3571:
3561:
3555:Other incidents
3550:
3514:
3503:
3493:
3477:
3461:
3415:
3399:
3388:
3378:
3368:
3358:
3348:
3338:
3328:
3318:
3308:
3298:
3288:
3278:
3262:
3251:
3238:
3235:
3198:
3188:
3169:
3153:
3151:Further reading
3143:
3124:
3105:
3081:
3058:
3050:. p. 166.
3038:
3033:
3017:
3003:
2999:
2989:
2987:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2953:
2949:
2939:
2937:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2899:
2898:
2881:
2875:Schumacher 2013
2873:
2869:
2861:
2830:
2822:
2818:
2812:Schumacher 2013
2810:
2806:
2800:Schumacher 2013
2798:
2794:
2786:
2782:
2774:
2770:
2762:
2758:
2750:
2746:
2740:Schumacher 2013
2738:
2734:
2726:
2722:
2714:
2710:
2702:
2698:
2690:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2658:Daily Chronicle
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2503:
2499:, p. xvii.
2495:
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2248:
2242:Schumacher 2013
2240:
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2204:
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2199:
2190:
2186:
2178:
2174:
2166:
2157:
2151:Schumacher 2013
2149:
2145:
2139:Schumacher 2013
2137:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2081:
2060:
2053:
2040:
2025:
2012:
2010:
2000:
1991:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1934:
1928:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1526:
1524:
1521:46.914; -87.333
1520:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1040:
1034:
1032:Ships foundered
963:
878:
858:
830:London, Ontario
826:
706:
681:
637:St. Marys River
604:
565:
550:
547:
538:
535:
526:
523:
514:
511:
502:
499:
437:
425:Whitefish Point
396:
376:distress signal
330:Rocky Mountains
328:of the central
318:Alberta clipper
309:
218:, particularly
192:White Hurricane
188:Freshwater Fury
126:Lowest pressure
82:
78:
55:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6425:
6415:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6297:
6295:
6291:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6283:
6282:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6246:
6245:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6224:
6223:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6206:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6170:
6169:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6152:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6109:Jan 25 – Feb 4
6106:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6072:Nov 29 – Dec 2
6069:
6064:
6058:
6052:
6041:
6039:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6031:
6030:
6029:
6024:
6022:Nov 26 – Dec 3
6018:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5978:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5930:
5924:
5921:Apr 28 – May 1
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5868:
5867:
5866:
5860:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5832:Jan 29 – Feb 7
5829:
5819:
5818:
5817:
5812:
5806:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5788:Feb 20 – Mar 1
5785:
5780:
5778:Jan 31 – Feb 2
5775:
5765:
5764:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5742:
5736:
5734:Feb 27 – Mar 4
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5701:
5700:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5683:
5677:
5672:
5670:Feb 22 – Mar 5
5667:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5638:Oct 29 – Nov 2
5634:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5616:
5614:Oct 28 – Nov 1
5610:
5607:Jan 29 – Feb 3
5604:
5599:
5589:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5576:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5544:
5542:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5516:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5471:
5469:Nov 29 – Dec 5
5466:
5464:Nov 29 – Dec 4
5461:
5456:
5451:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5437:Dec 20 – Jan 1
5434:
5432:Nov 26 – Dec 1
5429:
5424:
5419:
5409:
5408:
5407:
5402:
5392:
5391:
5390:
5385:
5379:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5329:
5328:
5327:
5322:
5311:
5309:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5287:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5257:
5254:Mar 31 – Apr 1
5246:
5245:
5244:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5222:
5221:
5220:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5194:Oct 31 – Nov 3
5186:
5185:
5184:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5162:
5161:
5160:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5129:Jan 28 – Feb 1
5121:
5120:
5119:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5066:
5060:
5050:
5049:
5048:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5014:
5013:
5012:
5002:
5001:
5000:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4985:
4980:
4970:
4969:
4968:
4963:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4845:
4844:
4843:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4830:Feb 27 – Mar 3
4822:
4820:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4648:
4647:
4640:
4633:
4625:
4616:
4615:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4522:Lake freighter
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4483:
4481:
4480:Related topics
4477:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4464:Municipalities
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4353:Lake Frontenac
4350:
4345:
4343:Lake Algonquin
4340:
4335:
4333:Lake Admiralty
4330:
4325:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4287:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4271:Lake Mindemoya
4268:
4263:
4253:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4236:
4231:
4225:
4223:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4070:Batchawana Bay
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3956:Big Bay de Noc
3948:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3905:Munuscong Lake
3902:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3858:
3856:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3757:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3734:
3725:
3724:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3677:Unknown date:
3674:
3664:
3654:
3644:
3628:
3617:
3606:
3589:
3579:
3569:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3515:Unknown date:
3512:
3501:
3491:
3475:
3465:Henry B. Smith
3459:
3443:Isaac M. Scott
3413:
3403:John A. McGean
3397:
3386:
3376:
3366:
3356:
3346:
3336:
3332:General Concha
3326:
3316:
3306:
3296:
3286:
3276:
3260:
3248:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3197:
3196:External links
3194:
3193:
3192:
3186:
3173:
3167:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3142:978-0816687206
3141:
3128:
3122:
3109:
3103:
3085:
3079:
3062:
3056:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3016:978-1878097019
3015:
2997:
2985:Shipwrecks.com
2972:
2947:
2919:
2879:
2877:, p. 145.
2867:
2865:, p. 203.
2828:
2816:
2804:
2802:, p. 155.
2792:
2790:, p. 215.
2780:
2778:, p. 220.
2768:
2766:, p. 195.
2756:
2754:, p. 221.
2744:
2732:
2720:
2708:
2696:
2684:
2682:, p. 245.
2672:
2644:
2632:
2619:
2617:, p. 218.
2607:
2605:, p. 223.
2592:
2577:
2575:, p. 162.
2562:
2546:
2544:, pp. 94.
2534:
2522:
2510:
2501:
2489:
2477:
2475:, p. 163.
2460:
2458:, p. 127.
2448:
2436:
2434:, p. 101.
2424:
2412:
2395:
2383:
2368:
2353:
2341:
2329:
2316:
2304:
2292:
2280:
2265:
2246:
2234:
2222:
2197:
2184:
2172:
2155:
2143:
2122:
2120:, p. 246.
2110:
2079:
2051:
2023:
1989:
1987:, p. 201.
1977:
1952:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1833:Weather portal
1822:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1777:
1768:
1767:
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1708:
1707:
1705:
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1699:
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1640:
1638:
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1632:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
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1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1527:Henry B. Smith
1495:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1481:Henry B. Smith
1476:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1324:John A. McGean
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:John A. McGean
1275:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1190:Isaac M. Scott
1158:
1155:
1152:
1147:
1144:Isaac M. Scott
1139:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1036:Main article:
1033:
1030:
962:
959:
952:utility cables
877:
874:
857:
854:
825:
822:
705:
702:
694:chief engineer
690:Manitou Island
656:bulk freighter
603:
600:
564:
561:
558:
557:
554:
553:
552:
551:
548:
541:
539:
536:
529:
527:
524:
517:
515:
512:
505:
503:
500:
493:
436:
433:
395:
392:
322:Gulf of Mexico
308:
305:
174:
173:
155:
154:Areas affected
151:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:
139:
138:
127:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
111:
110:
107:
106:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
73:
69:
68:
65:
64:
61:
60:
57:
56:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6424:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6292:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6247:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
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6023:
6019:
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5996:
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5991:
5988:
5983:
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5976:
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5807:
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5707:
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5668:
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5662:
5661:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5635:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5627:
5624:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5611:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5593:
5590:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5577:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5539:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5517:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5509:
5506:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5482:
5479:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5442:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5413:
5410:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5393:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5352:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5333:
5330:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5306:
5303:
5299:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5247:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5223:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5211:
5207:
5204:
5203:
5202:
5199:
5195:
5192:
5191:
5190:
5187:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5175:
5171:
5170:February 9–12
5168:
5167:
5166:
5163:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5154:
5151:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5134:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5113:
5110:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5098:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5088:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5079:
5076:
5071:
5067:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5054:
5051:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5042:
5039:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5030:
5027:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5015:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5006:
5003:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4971:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4942:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4930:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4918:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4906:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4894:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4846:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4660:
4657:
4653:
4646:
4641:
4639:
4634:
4632:
4627:
4626:
4623:
4613:
4601:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4402:Organizations
4400:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4323:Champlain Sea
4321:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4261:Lake Kagawong
4259:
4258:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4204:Welland Canal
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4170:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4150:Nipigon River
4148:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4138:Niagara River
4136:
4134:
4133:Chicago River
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4113:Detroit River
4111:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4065:Whitefish Bay
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3910:North Channel
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3844:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3762:
3755:
3750:
3748:
3743:
3741:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3722:
3718:
3713:
3709:
3704:
3700:
3695:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3635:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3597:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3585:Vasco da Gama
3580:
3577:
3576:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3546:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3420:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3404:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3302:Asar-i Tevfik
3297:
3294:
3293:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3220:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3189:
3187:0-920277-77-2
3183:
3179:
3174:
3170:
3168:0-8092-3909-4
3164:
3160:
3155:
3154:
3144:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3123:0-88365-243-9
3119:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3104:0-944133-06-1
3100:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3082:
3080:0-07-138037-X
3076:
3072:
3068:
3063:
3059:
3057:0-8143-1828-2
3053:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3028:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3008:
3001:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2951:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2923:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2876:
2871:
2864:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2825:
2820:
2813:
2808:
2801:
2796:
2789:
2784:
2777:
2772:
2765:
2760:
2753:
2748:
2741:
2736:
2729:
2724:
2717:
2712:
2705:
2700:
2693:
2688:
2681:
2676:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2648:
2641:
2636:
2629:
2623:
2616:
2611:
2604:
2599:
2597:
2589:
2584:
2582:
2574:
2569:
2567:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2543:
2538:
2531:
2526:
2519:
2514:
2505:
2498:
2493:
2486:
2481:
2474:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2457:
2452:
2445:
2440:
2433:
2428:
2421:
2416:
2409:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2393:, p. 12.
2392:
2387:
2381:, p. 80.
2380:
2375:
2373:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2350:
2345:
2339:, p. 59.
2338:
2333:
2326:
2320:
2314:, p. 56.
2313:
2308:
2302:, p. 38.
2301:
2296:
2290:, p. 40.
2289:
2284:
2277:
2272:
2270:
2262:
2259:
2253:
2251:
2244:, p. 40.
2243:
2238:
2232:, p. 47.
2231:
2226:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2194:
2188:
2182:, p. 14.
2181:
2176:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2153:, p. 43.
2152:
2147:
2140:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2119:
2114:
2095:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2058:
2056:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2020:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1986:
1981:
1965:
1959:
1957:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1913:
1899:
1890:
1881:
1874:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1823:
1820:
1809:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1748:Lake Michigan
1746:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1718:Lake Superior
1717:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1487:Lake Superior
1485:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1120:Body of water
1119:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1066:OpenStreetMap
1064:
1053:
1047:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1004:
998:
994:
992:
989:
984:
980:
974:
972:
968:
958:
956:
953:
946:
941:
938:
937:
930:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
904:
900:
895:
888:
887:
882:
873:
871:
867:
863:
853:
851:
847:
841:
839:
835:
831:
821:
818:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
773:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
731:
726:
722:
720:
715:
711:
701:
699:
698:windlass room
695:
691:
687:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
657:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
629:
625:
617:
613:
612:Lake Michigan
608:
599:
597:
592:
588:
584:
580:
579:
574:
570:
556:
555:
545:
540:
533:
528:
521:
516:
509:
504:
497:
492:
491:
490:
489:
486:
481:
479:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
454:the Carolinas
449:
446:
442:
432:
430:
426:
422:
419:
415:
411:
410:
405:
404:Lake Michigan
401:
400:Lake Superior
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
372:
366:
365:Mataafa Storm
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:November gale
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
314:
304:
302:
297:
292:
290:
286:
283:
279:
275:
271:
270:November gale
267:
263:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
85:
81:
77:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
53:November gale
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
6352:1913 in Ohio
6321:Storm naming
6316:Polar vortex
6248:
6232:Jan 31–Feb 2
6226:
6172:
6098:
6044:
5989:
5939:
5870:
5821:
5767:
5703:
5659:
5625:
5591:
5547:
5507:
5480:
5443:
5411:
5394:
5370:
5353:
5331:
5314:
5301:21st century
5279:
5267:
5248:
5236:
5224:
5212:
5200:
5188:
5176:
5164:
5152:
5135:
5123:
5111:
5099:
5089:
5077:
5052:
5040:
5028:
5016:
5004:
4992:
4972:
4955:
4943:
4931:
4919:
4907:
4895:
4883:
4871:
4859:
4852:
4847:
4835:
4825:
4819:20th century
4802:
4785:
4773:
4761:
4755:Feb 27–Mar 7
4749:
4537:Lake surfing
4363:Lake Stanley
4348:Lake Chicago
4338:Lake Agassiz
4266:Lake Manitou
4123:French River
4055:Superior Bay
4050:Pokegama Bay
4045:Keweenaw Bay
4030:Au Train Bay
3971:Sturgeon Bay
3888:Georgian Bay
3872:Sandusky Bay
3721:January 1914
3685:
3679:
3669:
3659:
3649:
3639:
3633:
3623:
3612:
3601:
3595:
3584:
3574:
3564:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3524:
3517:
3507:
3496:
3486:
3480:
3470:
3464:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3408:
3402:
3392:
3381:
3371:
3361:
3351:
3341:
3331:
3321:
3311:
3301:
3291:
3280:
3271:
3264:
3255:
3177:
3158:
3132:
3113:
3089:
3066:
3043:
3006:
3000:
2988:. Retrieved
2984:
2975:
2967:the original
2960:
2950:
2938:. Retrieved
2932:
2922:
2910:. Retrieved
2904:
2870:
2819:
2807:
2795:
2783:
2771:
2759:
2747:
2742:, p. 5.
2735:
2723:
2711:
2699:
2687:
2675:
2663:. Retrieved
2656:
2647:
2635:
2627:
2626:Front page,
2622:
2615:Minnich 1989
2610:
2549:
2537:
2525:
2513:
2504:
2492:
2480:
2451:
2439:
2427:
2415:
2386:
2344:
2332:
2324:
2323:Front page,
2319:
2307:
2295:
2283:
2260:
2257:
2237:
2225:
2213:. Retrieved
2209:
2200:
2192:
2187:
2180:Ratigan 1960
2175:
2146:
2113:
2101:. Retrieved
2063:
2046:
2018:
2011:. Retrieved
1980:
1968:. Retrieved
1964:"Snowstorms"
1943:. Retrieved
1938:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1864:
1819:Lakes portal
1773:
1741:
1712:
1645:
1578:
1549:
1480:
1413:
1346:
1279:
1212:
1143:
1126:Year located
1104:
1102:
1070:
1069:
1062:
1025:
1007:
1002:
999:
995:
990:
983:Times-Herald
982:
978:
975:
964:
961:On the lakes
948:
943:
936:Plain Dealer
934:
931:
919:Lincoln Park
907:
898:
897:Bodies from
884:
859:
842:
827:
820:conditions.
814:
806:weather bomb
782:Harbor Beach
774:
768:(999.7
742:Pennsylvania
735:
707:
678:
658:
653:
628:Times-Herald
627:
621:
578:Times-Herald
576:
566:
484:
477:
474:
450:
438:
428:
420:
407:
397:
370:
346:
334:Colorado low
310:
293:
289:wind fetches
266:storm fronts
259:
224:
191:
187:
183:
179:
177:
133:(28.60
118:Highest gust
80:Winter storm
36:
6387:Great Lakes
5182:Dec 22 – 24
4589:Third Coast
4552:Megalopolis
4512:Lake breeze
4497:Circle Tour
4358:Lake Maumee
4244:Isle Royale
4209:First canal
4075:Goulais Bay
4060:Thunder Bay
4014:Wellers Bay
4009:Toronto Bay
3930:Thunder Bay
3920:Saginaw Bay
3900:Lake George
3837:Couchiching
3761:Great Lakes
3686:Kommandøren
3575:Prinz Oskar
3531:Florence J.
3342:Paul Palmer
3071:McGraw-Hill
2990:December 1,
2940:November 9,
2912:December 1,
2554:Barcus 1986
2258:The Weather
2256:Front page,
2103:November 2,
2065:Weatherwise
1970:November 3,
1945:November 3,
1755:Not located
1724:Not located
1682: /
1615: /
1561:Not located
1519: /
1450: /
1383: /
1316: /
1249: /
1182: /
1132:Ship Length
991:Searchlight
971:rogue waves
955:underground
679:L. C. Waldo
659:L. C. Waldo
549:November 10
478:L. C. Waldo
388:Rogue waves
384:wind speeds
313:Great Lakes
285:snowsqualls
216:Great Lakes
129:968.5
6397:Lake Huron
6336:Categories
4579:Shipwrecks
4507:Great Loop
4118:Erie Canal
4093:Anchor Bay
3999:Humber Bay
3862:Maumee Bay
3769:Main lakes
3244:Shipwrecks
2863:Brown 2002
2824:Brown 2002
2788:Brown 2002
2776:Brown 2002
2764:Brown 2002
2752:Brown 2002
2728:Brown 2002
2716:Brown 2002
2704:Brown 2002
2692:Brown 2002
2680:Brown 2002
2640:Brown 2002
2603:Brown 2002
2588:Brown 2002
2573:Brown 2002
2556:, p.
2542:Brown 2002
2530:Brown 2002
2518:Brown 2002
2497:Brown 2002
2485:Brown 2002
2473:Brown 2002
2456:Brown 2002
2444:Brown 2002
2432:Brown 2002
2420:Brown 2002
2408:Brown 2002
2391:Brown 2002
2379:Brown 2002
2364:Brown 2002
2349:Brown 2002
2337:Brown 2002
2312:Brown 2002
2300:Brown 2002
2288:Brown 2002
2276:Brown 2002
2230:Brown 2002
2168:Brown 2002
2118:Brown 2002
1985:Brown 2002
1852:References
1688: (
1669:81°55′00″W
1666:43°25′00″N
1651:Lake Huron
1621: (
1602:82°26′46″W
1599:43°20′14″N
1584:Lake Huron
1555:Lake Huron
1525: (
1506:87°19′59″W
1503:46°54′50″N
1456: (
1437:82°26′00″W
1434:43°17′00″N
1419:Lake Huron
1389: (
1370:82°47′30″W
1367:44°14′08″N
1352:Lake Huron
1322: (
1303:82°31′43″W
1300:43°57′12″N
1285:Lake Huron
1255: (
1236:82°21′10″W
1233:43°09′10″N
1218:Lake Huron
1188: (
1169:83°02′21″W
1166:45°03′55″N
1150:Lake Huron
915:breakwater
872:was lost.
704:November 9
671:wheelhouse
633:Long ships
602:November 8
569:Port Huron
563:November 7
537:November 8
525:November 7
513:November 6
501:November 5
414:Lake Huron
357:wind gusts
342:jet stream
324:along the
307:Background
274:wind gusts
220:Lake Huron
98:Dissipated
6301:Cold wave
6279:Feb 16–17
6274:Feb 10–13
6264:Jan 13–16
6237:Feb 21–28
6220:Dec 21–26
6215:Dec 12-16
6210:Nov 17–20
6203:Apr 11-14
6198:Feb 22-26
6188:Jan 27–30
6183:Jan 14–17
6166:Dec 13–18
6156:Oct 24–26
6149:Apr 15–17
6144:Mar 16–17
6139:Mar 10–17
6134:Feb 15–20
6129:Feb 13–17
6124:Feb 11–14
6119:Feb 10–12
6104:Jan 12–17
6087:Dec 23–25
6082:Dec 14–18
6067:Oct 29–30
6062:Oct 26–28
6050:Jan 14–19
6027:Dec 21–26
6015:Apr 10–12
6010:Mar 11–15
6005:March 3-4
6000:Feb 11–13
5995:Jan 16–21
5982:Nov 14-15
5975:Apr 12–15
5970:Mar 20–22
5965:Mar 11–15
5950:Jan 13–16
5928:Oct 29–31
5916:Mar 11–15
5906:Feb 12–14
5896:Jan 21–23
5891:Jan 19–24
5886:Jan 10–17
5864:Dec 23–26
5857:Apr 15–23
5852:Mar 21–25
5842:Feb 23–24
5827:Jan 21–24
5815:Dec 26–30
5810:Nov 24–27
5793:Feb 25–26
5783:Feb 12–17
5773:Jan 23–30
5761:Dec 10–27
5751:Nov 13–21
5739:Mar 24–28
5729:Feb 19–21
5724:Feb 11–14
5719:Jan 27–31
5714:Jan 20–22
5697:Dec 19–23
5692:Nov 22–28
5680:Mar 18–20
5653:Dec 25–28
5648:Dec 17–22
5631:Jan 16–20
5602:Jan 24–28
5580:Oct 23–28
5573:Mar 12–16
5568:Feb 24–27
5553:Jan 17–26
5530:Dec 22–28
5525:Dec 16–20
5520:Oct 13–20
5513:Jan 25–30
5501:Dec 19–25
5496:Dec 11–12
5459:Apr 13–17
5454:Feb 12–20
5449:Jan 11–24
5427:Nov 20–24
5422:Oct 11–13
5417:Feb 11–13
5405:Dec 14–16
5400:Jan 20–23
5388:Dec 24–28
5383:Dec 21–24
5376:Feb 17–23
5359:Feb 14–19
5337:Jan 29–31
5325:Dec 27–31
5320:Jan 18–30
5290:Jan 14–15
5261:Oct 24–26
5218:Mar 12–15
5206:Dec 10–12
5158:Jan 13–14
5141:Jan 25–27
5070:Dec 25–28
5046:Jan 26–27
5034:Jan 27–31
5010:Oct 25–30
4983:Jan 18–21
4978:Jan 11–13
4966:Dec 11–13
4949:Mar 18–22
4937:Mar 18–19
4925:Feb 17–18
4913:Nov 24–30
4901:Dec 25–26
4889:Nov 10–12
4877:Jan 27–28
4865:Mar 15–18
4841:Nov 27–28
4808:Feb 11–14
4796:Mar 11–14
4791:Jan 12–13
4662:Seasons:
4572:Laurentia
4502:Crossings
4302:Populated
4182:Soo Locks
4106:Waterways
4086:St. Clair
4040:Huron Bay
4004:Sodus Bay
3951:Green Bay
3832:Winnebago
3827:St. Clair
3817:Nipissing
3634:Thermidor
3622:HMS
3611:HMS
3602:Leicester
3594:HMS
3565:Abessinia
3542:USS
3523:USS
3506:HMS
3409:Louisiana
3391:HMS
3362:Shinonome
3292:Macedonia
3272:Rosecrans
3266:Cheslakee
3256:Jamestown
3254:USS
2013:March 23,
1909:Citations
1780:Lake Erie
1135:Ship beam
927:Wisconsin
923:Milwaukee
911:telegraph
856:Aftermath
838:Streetcar
758:Cleveland
730:Cleveland
649:St. Clair
470:millibars
462:Lake Erie
353:hurricane
251:Cleveland
239:Minnesota
200:hurricane
6259:Jan 8–10
6242:Mar 9–17
6161:Dec 9–12
5933:Dec 8–10
5911:Feb 8–22
5901:Feb 6–10
5881:Jan 7–13
5847:Mar 8–11
5837:Feb 7–10
5803:May 9–11
5756:Dec 9–11
5746:Nov 8–13
5675:Mar 1–10
5665:Feb 7–18
5643:Nov 7–10
5619:Nov 8–10
5597:Jan 8–13
5585:Dec 5–29
5563:Feb 7–11
5491:Mar 6–10
5486:Jan 3–11
5474:Dec 8–18
5273:Jan 4–10
5242:Jan 6–10
5105:Jan 9–12
5094:Feb 9–11
5058:Feb 8–10
4853:Nov 6–11
4779:Jan 6–10
4767:Oct 4–11
4594:Treaties
4023:Superior
3939:Michigan
3848:channels
3846:Bays and
3796:Superior
3786:Michigan
3670:Volturno
3657:24 Aug:
3647:26 Jun:
3631:10 Jun:
3504:10 Dec:
3487:Plymouth
3478:11 Nov:
3462:10 Nov:
3449:Leafield
3425:Asatsuyu
3416:9 Nov:
3382:Volturno
3379:18 Oct:
3372:Amaranth
3369:30 Aug:
3359:20 Jul:
3339:15 Jun:
3329:11 Jun:
3309:13 Feb:
3289:15 Jan:
3279:10 Jan:
2665:July 19,
1870:SS
1805:See also
1742:Plymouth
1713:Leafield
1109:lifeboat
1022:trimming
1018:coamings
1010:geometry
850:Montreal
802:capsized
786:Goderich
754:New York
573:Michigan
458:Virginia
431:ashore.
369:SS
338:cyclonic
282:whiteout
247:Illinois
196:blizzard
194:, was a
190:and the
184:Big Blow
165:and the
84:Blizzard
6294:Related
6269:Feb 1–7
6254:Jan 6–7
6193:Feb 1–5
6178:Jan 3–4
6114:Feb 6–8
6077:Dec 4–6
6055:Feb 2–5
5960:Mar 6–8
5955:Mar 1–3
5945:Jan 2–5
5876:Jan 4–8
5798:Mar 1–6
5687:Oct 3–5
5558:Feb 1–6
5364:Dec 5–8
5347:Dec 4–5
5285:Jan 2–4
5230:Feb 2–6
5146:Feb 5–7
5083:Mar 3–5
5063:Mar 5–8
4998:Mar 6–8
4987:Feb 2–5
4961:Mar 2–5
4734:2023–24
4729:2022–23
4724:2021–22
4719:2020–21
4714:2019–20
4709:2018–19
4704:2017–18
4699:2016–17
4694:2015–16
4689:2014–15
4684:2013–14
4679:2012–13
4674:2011–12
4669:2010–11
4664:2009–10
4221:Islands
3987:Ontario
3812:Nipigon
3791:Ontario
3667:9 Oct:
3650:Santhia
3620:8 Jun:
3609:5 Jun:
3596:Express
3592:8 May:
3572:2 Feb:
3562:2 Jan:
3494:2 Dec:
3455:Wexford
3400:8 Nov:
3389:4 Nov:
3349:8 Jul:
3312:Pisagua
3299:8 Feb:
3263:7 Jan:
3252:3 Jan:
2215:June 8,
1774:Buffalo
1758:Unknown
1727:Unknown
1690:Wexford
1646:Wexford
1564:Unknown
988:tugboat
899:Wexford
848:around
817:Frontal
794:Ontario
750:Buffalo
645:Detroit
616:Chicago
466:Toronto
429:Cornell
421:Cornell
418:steamer
394:Prelude
380:fetches
355:-force
243:Chicago
206:in the
171:Ontario
161:in the
4584:Storms
4567:Region
4469:Cities
3822:Simcoe
3680:Balmes
3660:Chenab
3544:Santee
3525:Craven
3471:Regina
3437:Hydrus
3322:Hector
3184:
3165:
3139:
3120:
3101:
3091:Reader
3077:
3054:
3013:
1872:Alpena
1772:LV-82
1623:Regina
1579:Regina
1458:Hydrus
1414:Hydrus
790:Sarnia
686:rudder
624:severe
596:Duluth
249:; and
235:Duluth
186:, the
90:Formed
6038:2020s
5541:2010s
5342:Feb 7
5308:2000s
5117:Feb 2
4562:Ports
4487:Basin
4143:Falls
3881:Huron
3781:Huron
3613:Natal
3497:Hoche
3419:Argus
3352:Vivid
2097:(PDF)
1935:(PDF)
1391:Argus
1347:Argus
1014:locks
682:'
675:texas
464:near
435:Storm
332:as a
278:waves
198:with
6249:2024
6227:2023
6173:2022
6099:2021
6045:2020
5990:2019
5940:2018
5871:2017
5822:2016
5768:2015
5704:2014
5660:2013
5626:2012
5592:2011
5548:2010
5508:2009
5481:2008
5444:2007
5412:2006
5395:2005
5371:2004
5354:2003
5332:2002
5315:2000
5280:1999
5268:1998
5249:1997
5237:1996
5225:1995
5213:1993
5201:1992
5189:1991
5177:1989
5165:1983
5153:1979
5136:1978
5124:1977
5112:1976
5100:1975
5090:1973
5078:1971
5053:1969
5041:1967
5029:1966
5017:1964
5005:1963
4993:1962
4973:1961
4956:1960
4944:1958
4932:1956
4920:1952
4908:1950
4896:1947
4884:1940
4872:1922
4860:1920
4848:1913
4836:1905
4826:1900
4803:1899
4786:1888
4774:1886
4762:1804
4750:1717
3855:Erie
3776:Erie
3712:1914
3699:1912
3640:Watt
3537:Iris
3518:Arno
3182:ISBN
3163:ISBN
3137:ISBN
3118:ISBN
3099:ISBN
3075:ISBN
3052:ISBN
3011:ISBN
2992:2019
2942:2015
2914:2019
2667:2019
2217:2021
2105:2021
2015:2017
1972:2010
1947:2020
1787:1914
1657:2000
1590:1986
1494:2013
1425:2015
1358:1972
1291:1985
1224:1913
1157:1976
1117:Name
1008:The
870:tons
866:US$
788:and
766:inHg
762:Ohio
738:Erie
647:and
456:and
294:The
260:The
255:Ohio
231:US$
210:and
178:The
157:The
135:inHg
72:Type
3508:C14
3025:at
2070:doi
1078:KML
792:in
770:hPa
614:in
326:lee
169:of
6338::
3683:,
3637:,
3624:E5
3599:,
3540:,
3534:,
3528:,
3521:,
3484:,
3468:,
3452:,
3446:,
3440:,
3434:,
3428:,
3422:,
3406:,
3269:,
3097:.
3073:.
2983:.
2959:.
2931:.
2903:.
2882:^
2831:^
2655:.
2595:^
2580:^
2565:^
2463:^
2398:^
2371:^
2356:^
2268:^
2249:^
2208:.
2158:^
2125:^
2082:^
2054:^
2045:.
2026:^
2017:.
2006:.
1992:^
1955:^
1937:.
1916:^
1721:18
1654:20
1587:20
1558:22
1491:23
1422:25
1355:28
1288:28
1221:28
1154:28
925:,
760:,
752:,
740:,
700:.
684:s
598:.
575:,
571:,
480:.
253:,
245:,
241:;
237:,
222:.
131:mb
6208:(
6205:)
6154:(
6151:)
6060:(
6057:)
6020:(
6017:)
5984:)
5980:(
5977:)
5926:(
5923:)
5862:(
5859:)
5808:(
5805:)
5744:(
5741:)
5685:(
5682:)
5636:(
5633:)
5612:(
5609:)
5578:(
5575:)
5518:(
5515:)
5381:(
5378:)
5259:(
5256:)
5072:)
5068:(
5065:)
4644:e
4637:t
4630:v
3753:e
3746:t
3739:v
3230:e
3223:t
3216:v
3190:.
3171:.
3145:.
3126:.
3107:.
3083:.
3060:.
3019:.
2994:.
2944:.
2916:.
2560:.
2558:6
2219:.
2107:.
2076:.
2072::
1974:.
1949:.
1784:6
1752:7
1692:)
1625:)
1529:)
1460:)
1393:)
1326:)
1259:)
1192:)
137:)
34:.
20:)
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