31:, but existed prior to the separation of particle physics from that field, are also included. Although a modern accelerator complex usually has several stages of accelerators, only accelerators whose output has been used directly for experiments are listed.
241:
Discovered many isotopes. Verified two element discoveries. Performed the world's first single event effects radiation testing in 1979, and tested parts and materials for most US spacecraft since then.
4312:
Baxter, D.V.; Cameron, J.M.; Derenchuk, V.P.; Lavelle, C.M.; Leuschner, M.B.; Lone, M.A.; Meyer, H.O.; Rinckel, T.; Snow, W.M. (2005). "Status of the low energy neutron source at
Indiana University".
2242:
4176:. It is estimated that the radius of the Planckatron would have to be roughly the radius of the Milky Way. It would require so much energy to run that it could only be built by at least a
4405:
3132:
2755:
2238:
358:
The magnetic pole pieces and return yoke from the 60-inch cyclotron were later moved to UC Davis and incorporated into a 76-inch isochronous cyclotron which is still in use today
4114:
2246:
2210:
4098:
Besides the real accelerators listed above, there are hypothetical accelerators often used as hypothetical examples or optimistic projects by particle physicists.
591:
2563:
2559:
2496:
2701:
4197:
4482:
4456:
1911:
665:
2146:
2140:
2106:
2100:
2070:
2014:
4511:
2951:
2917:
2581:
2277:
Energy recovery linac with SRF cavities, 4 turns, and all beams in one fixed field alternating-gradient lattice of permanent magnets
700:
4202:
4088:
2450:
4260:
2989:
2414:
4287:
2786:
3192:
1673:
1329:
39:
These all used single beams with fixed targets. They tended to have very briefly run, inexpensive, and unnamed experiments.
4537:
2994:
2857:
2822:
2791:
1707:
3228:
3155:
2956:
2586:
2455:
2420:
948:
89:
4261:"Cambridge Electron Accelerator (Cambridge, Mass.) Records of the Cambridge Electron Accelerator : an inventory"
2254:
2006:
1218:
1102:
794:
3259:
3073:
2354:
1854:
1041:
960:
4372:
3966:
3849:
3612:
3567:
1933:
1000:
1389:
Produces the most intense pulsed neutron beams in the world for scientific research and industrial development.
4542:
4532:
3619:
3574:
1325:
1224:
965:
552:
279:
3551:
3507:
3110:
2905:
2731:
2010:
1370:
2771:
4490:
2767:
2763:
2018:
312:
3136:
4314:
Nuclear
Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
1174:
More modern accelerators that were also run in fixed target mode; often, they will also have been run as
765:
400:
3397:
1631:
1602:
875:
851:
448:
4453:
1594:
4479:
1614:
1610:
1598:
1365:
760:
4428:
Lacki, Brian C. (2015). "SETI at Planck Energy: When
Particle Physicists Become Cosmic Engineers".
4151:
4061:
3432:
2817:
2759:
2697:
1740:
1677:
1606:
914:
855:
596:
1245:
Neutron materials research, proton radiography, high energy neutron research, ultra cold neutrons
4125:. The center-of-mass energy was planned to be 200 TeV, and the size was planned to span parts of
2841:
2656:
2349:
1279:
Highest beam power, used for meson and neutron production with applications in materials science
1258:
4243:
4057:
1574:
1531:
1478:
1133:
863:
479:
1499:
4495:
3974:
3881:
3857:
3818:
859:
4474:
4369:
Bursa, Francis (2017). "The
Undulator Radiation Collider: An Energy Efficient Design for a
4321:
4222:
2220:
1654:
1619:
1511:
439:
20:
1107:
329:
Used for nuclear physics 1949 – ~ 1961, development of clinical proton therapy until 2002
8:
4355:
3341:
1320:
944:
4325:
690:
Observation of compressed nuclear matter. Depositing ions in tumors in cancer research.
4500:
4429:
4408:
4337:
4264:
3115:
3030:
2652:
2216:
1716:
1669:
1073:
936:
898:
826:
789:
4065:
3095:
2705:
2660:
2555:
1138:
405:
297:
4143:
on a notepad in the 1940s proposing an accelerator in stable orbit around the Earth.
2177:
1405:
4465:
4341:
4329:
4110:
3970:
3853:
3052:
3011:
2719:
1743:, and PEP-II. Now split into 1 km sections feeding LCLS, FACET & LCLS-II.
1649:
730:
674:
640:
623:
24:
4505:
4486:
4460:
4177:
2258:
1986:
1181:
28:
4333:
3176:
2611:
2525:
Vector meson studies; then ACO was used as synchrotron light source until 1988
2374:
1338:
462:
428:
978:
Proton (unpolarized and polarized), deuteron, helium-3, copper, gold, uranium
4526:
3600:
3555:
3511:
3382:
2883:
2607:
1681:
1567:
988:
432:
16:
List compiling of particle accelerators used for particle physics experiments
4173:
4140:
3058:
3017:
2879:
1161:
992:
301:
2251:
4159:
3232:
3159:
2960:
2887:
2776:
First observation of B decay, charmless and "radiative penguin" B decays
2590:
2459:
1334:
984:
648:
509:
4074:
3983:
3874:
3811:
3605:
3560:
3516:
3472:
3425:
3143:
3103:
3023:
2944:
2910:
2850:
2810:
2779:
2724:
2668:
2623:
2574:
2528:
2486:
2443:
2380:
2291:
2203:
2132:
2092:
2056:
2025:
1979:
1939:
1901:
1820:
1780:
1746:
1659:
1624:
1536:
1504:
1425:
1392:
1358:
1313:
1282:
1248:
1066:
1005:
953:
907:
868:
819:
782:
753:
723:
693:
654:
584:
4155:
4150:
is a design for an accelerator with a center-of-mass energy around the
2569:
1966:
1126:
1095:
644:
575:
4517:
1809:
3319:
3150:
2901:
2891:
1946:
1773:
1543:
1142:
547:
123:
84:
48:
27:
experiments. Some early particle accelerators that more properly did
4105:(Eurasiatic Long Intersecting Storage Accelerator) was a project of
1178:, or accelerated particles for use in subsequently built colliders.
4434:
4413:
4187:, a hypothetical source for observed ultra-high-energy cosmic rays.
4184:
4172:
is an accelerator with a center-of-mass energy of the order of the
3530:
3523:
3486:
3479:
3263:
3077:
2977:
2032:
1756:
1725:
1175:
1061:
669:
618:
474:
274:
161:
1422:
Used for material and life sciences and input to J-PARC main ring
3212:
2630:
1433:
661:
466:
266:
193:
1813:
4263:. Harvard University Library. November 15, 2006. Archived from
4126:
4122:
4069:
3596:
3223:
2171:
2064:
1399:
1292:
1062:
The legacy of the experimental hadron physics programme at COSY
902:
798:
705:
352:
Now used as a preaccelerator for COSY and irradiation purposes
137:
1182:
High intensity hadron accelerators (Meson and neutron sources)
4496:
A brief history and review of accelerators (11 pgs, PDF file)
4311:
4118:
3869:
3254:
3068:
2715:
2709:
2675:
2535:
1971:
1805:
1736:
940:
735:
579:
4115:
Ettore
Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture
2982:
Precise measurement of psi-meson masses, two-photon physics
685:
Any and all sufficiently stable nuclei could be accelerated
226:
Berkeley Rad Lab, now
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
4130:
4106:
4038:
4033:
3978:
3865:
3861:
2862:
2751:
2680:
2635:
1548:
1483:
996:
919:
880:
831:
2620:
ee cross sections, radiative decays of ρ, ω, and φ mesons
2483:
multihadron production (1966), ee→φ (1966), ee→γγ (1971)
4489:– a history of the early years of accelerator physics at
4163:
3959:
3842:
3467:
3463:
3324:
3294:
3289:
3180:
3035:
2615:
2478:
2195:
1255:
PSI, HIPA High
Intensity 590 MeV Proton Accelerator
1018:
1012:
569:
112:
2937:
1920:
6 GeV recirculating linac (recently upgraded to 12 GeV)
1951:
Physikalisches
Institut der Universität Bonn, Germany
1908:
Continuous
Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF)
4469:
4375:
2377:
effect (1963); first ee interactions recorded (1964)
4285:
304:used for separation of medical and other isotopes.
4454:Bevalac Had 40-Year Record of Historic Discoveries
4399:
4288:"An MIT-Harvard Project: The Electron Accelerator"
4524:
4198:List of accelerator mass spectrometry facilities
2286:A prototype facility for Electron Ion Colliders
999:, injects heavy ions and polarized protons into
361:
4512:Early British Synchrotrons, An Informal History
2440:ee scattering; QED radiative effects confirmed
1221:(originally Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility)
668:linear accelerator, a diverting tube, then the
2304:
1912:Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
1434:Electron and low intensity hadron accelerators
1267:0.8 MeV CW, 72 MeV Injector 2,
4506:Accelerators and detectors named Mark at SLAC
4279:
1888:500 MeV recirculating linac and storage ring
296:Used to separate Uranium 235 isotope for the
4518:A FEW QUICK FACTS ABOUT THE TRIUMF CYCLOTRON
4255:
4253:
4093:
3991:
1169:
682:Linear accelerator followed by "race track"
4400:{\displaystyle {\sqrt {s}}=15~{\text{GeV}}}
2147:GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research
2107:GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research
2071:GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research
1562:12.6 GeV (protons), 4.5 Gev/n (heavy ions)
169:Investigated deuteron-nucleus interactions
2115:Synchrotron with 271 m circumference
4433:
4412:
4286:Rothenberg, Peter J. (October 16, 1958).
4250:
4183:Arguably also in this category falls the
4158:across and require the construction of a
2157:Ions of all naturally occurring elements
2118:Ions of all naturally occurring elements
2082:Ions of all naturally occurring elements
1842:400 GeV (until 1979), 150 GeV thereafter
4203:List of synchrotron radiation facilities
4089:List of synchrotron radiation facilities
2267:Cornell BNL ERL Test Accelerator (CBETA)
1276:590 MeV, 2.4 mA, =1.4 MW
1735:Repeatedly upgraded, used to feed PEP,
4525:
4475:Particle accelerators around the world
3613:Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)
3568:Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)
2271:Cornell University, Ithaca / NY (USA)
578:, first artificial production of some
4427:
4368:
2194:J-PARC Hadron Experimental Facility,
2043:Superconducting circular synchrotron
1330:Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
34:
1708:SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
1310:World's largest cyclotron, at 17.9m
3353:
2568:Discovery of Charmonium states and
949:Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
337:Forschungszentrum Juelich, Germany
203:University of California, Berkeley
177:University of California, Berkeley
152:University of California, Berkeley
128:University of California, Berkeley
13:
651:discovered, resonances discovered
90:University of California, Berkeley
14:
4554:
4452:Judy Goldhaber. October 9, 1992.
4446:
2906:generations of quarks and leptons
2357:, Frascati, Italy; Orsay, France
1851:Electron Synchrotron of Frascati
1689:236 ft diameter synchrotron
1219:Los Alamos Neutron Science Center
4082:
2665:Oscillation in neutral B mesons
1932:First large-scale deployment of
1855:Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati
1347:H- Linac followed by proton RCS
1217:High Current Proton Accelerator
961:Alternating Gradient Synchrotron
461:First to artificially split the
4466:High-energy collider parameters
4356:"CLASSE: Energy Recovery Linac"
4244:"A Saclay, on a lancé Saturne"
4139:was an accelerator sketched by
2938:Beijing Spectrometer (I and II)
1997:Multilevel racetrack microtron
1666:Cambridge Electron Accelerator
1413:Triangular, 348m circumference
808:(perimeter around 1.5 km)
503:
4421:
4362:
4348:
4305:
4236:
4215:
4178:Kardashev Type II civilization
3620:Brookhaven National Laboratory
3575:Brookhaven National Laboratory
2063:Universal Linear Accelerator (
1929:DVCS, PrimEx II, Qweak, GlueX
1326:Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
1225:Los Alamos National Laboratory
1:
4208:
3808:STAR, PHENIX, BRAHMS, PHOBOS
3100:Crab-waist collisions (2007)
1371:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
362:Other early accelerator types
42:
4491:Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
4148:undulator radiation collider
4031:
3879:
3816:
3630:(3.8 km circumference)
3610:
3585:(3.8 km circumference)
3565:
3521:
3477:
3430:
3395:
3359:
3317:
3287:
3252:
3221:
3190:
3148:
3108:
3066:
3028:
2987:
2949:
2915:
2855:
2815:
2784:
2729:
2673:
2628:
2579:
2533:
2491:
2448:
2423:, Novosibirsk, Soviet Union
2412:
2385:
2347:
2310:
2299:
2265:
2208:
2200:Can also provide 8 GeV beam
2169:
2137:
2097:
2061:
2030:
1984:
1944:
1906:
1877:
1849:
1825:
1785:
1751:
1702:
1664:
1629:
1572:
1541:
1509:
1476:
1439:
1397:
1363:
1318:
1287:
1253:
1215:
1187:
1131:
1100:
1078:Cerdañola del Vallés, Spain
1071:
1039:
1010:
958:
912:
873:
824:
787:
758:
728:
698:
659:
616:
589:
545:
332:
313:Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory
307:
272:
245:
221:
198:
172:
147:
120:
81:
54:
7:
4538:Particle physics facilities
4480:Lawrence and his laboratory
4191:
3896:(27 km circumference)
3882:Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
3833:(27 km circumference)
3819:Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
2904:exist, implying only three
2305:Electron–positron colliders
2139:Experimental Storage Ring (
1269:590 MeV Ringcyclotron
1209:Notes and discoveries made
539:Notes and discoveries made
401:Linear particle accelerator
395:Notes and discoveries made
78:Notes and discoveries made
10:
4559:
4334:10.1016/J.NIMB.2005.07.027
4086:
2185:Triangular, 500m diameter
1957:Synchrotron and stretcher
1632:Low Energy Antiproton Ring
876:Proton Synchrotron Booster
507:
436:electrostatic accelerator
218:Discovered many isotopes.
46:
4094:Hypothetical accelerators
3992:Electron-proton colliders
3381:
2211:Low Energy Neutron Source
1879:Bates Linear Accelerator
1366:Spallation Neutron Source
1170:Fixed-target accelerators
1052:Circular ring (183.47 m)
761:Zero Gradient Synchrotron
235:Hydrogen through uranium
4501:SLAC beamlines over time
4223:"Building the cyclotron"
3213:Beijing Spectrometer III
2387:Princeton-Stanford (ee)
2160:0.005 – 0.5 GeV/u
2099:Schwerionensynchrotron (
2007:A1 – Electron Scattering
1862:9m circular synchrotron
1859:1959–? (decommissioned)
1839:Protons and antiprotons
1799:Protons and antiprotons
1588:Protons and antiprotons
1261:, Villigen, Switzerland
1118:Electrons, Au, Sn, TiO2
1115:Circular ring (518.4 m)
915:Super Proton Synchrotron
597:University of Birmingham
4510:Lawson, J. D. (1997), "
2900:/2) weakly interacting
1787:Fermilab Main Injector
1108:São Paulo State, Brazil
790:U-70 Proton Synchrotron
232:Circular (Isochronous)
4401:
3571:polarized proton mode
3002:Circular, 2.2 km
2847:First linear collider
2123:Ne: 50–2000 MeV/u
1960:(Polarized) electrons
1575:Antiproton Decelerator
1559:Proton and heavy ions
1479:Antiproton Accumulator
1150:Circular ring (216 m)
1134:Australian Synchrotron
1084:Circular ring (270 m)
592:Birmingham Synchrotron
480:Siemens-Schuckertwerke
4543:Particle accelerators
4533:Physics-related lists
4402:
4048:(6336 meters around)
3540:(6.3 km around)
3496:(6.3 km around)
3452:(6.9 km around)
2870:Circular, 27 km
2390:Stanford, California
2149:, Darmstadt, Germany
2121:U: 50–1000 MeV/u
2109:, Darmstadt, Germany
2073:, Darmstadt, Germany
2015:A4 – Parity Violation
1836:Circular synchrotron
1796:Circular synchrotron
1764:Circular synchrotron
1203:Accelerated Particle
927:Circular Synchrotron
888:Circular Synchrotron
741:December 1957 – 2003
70:Accelerated Particle
21:particle accelerators
4373:
3332:Circular, 3 km
3043:Circular, 3 km
2688:Circular, 2 km
2341:Notable Discoveries
2221:Bloomington, Indiana
2079:Linear (120 m)
2019:X1 – X-Ray Radiation
2003:1.5 GeV accelerator
2000:Polarized electrons
1923:Polarized electrons
1891:Polarized electrons
1512:Antiproton collector
841:(628 meters around)
440:Cavendish Laboratory
4470:Particle Data Group
4326:2005NIMPB.241..209B
4292:The Harvard Crimson
4246:. 28 November 2014.
3185:Round beams (2007)
2896:Only 3 light (m ≤ m
2736:Cornell University
2363:Circular, 3 meters
2085:2–11.4 MeV/u
1914:, Newport News, VA
1827:Fermilab Main Ring
1321:ISIS neutron source
1055:Protons, Deuterons
562:(72 meters around)
300:, after the end of
269:isotope separation
247:184-inch cyclotron
238:MeV to several GeV
4485:2018-01-18 at the
4459:2011-05-14 at the
4397:
3435:Proton Synchrotron
3116:Cornell University
3061:in B meson system
3020:in B meson system
2598:Circular, 17.88 m
2522:, μμ, M2N and DM1
2325:and circumference
2257:2019-09-28 at the
2217:Indiana University
1934:superconducting RF
1670:Harvard University
1378:Linear (335 m) and
1013:Proton Synchrotron
827:Proton Synchrotron
309:95-inch cyclotron
223:88-inch cyclotron
200:60-inch cyclotron
174:37-inch cyclotron
149:27-inch cyclotron
35:Early accelerators
4395:
4391:
4381:
4080:
4079:
4066:HERMES experiment
3989:
3988:
3588:Polarized Proton/
3351:
3350:
2714:Discovery of the
2468:Circular, 11.5 m
2429:Two-ring, 2.70 m
2297:
2296:
2011:A2 – Real Photons
1753:Fermilab Booster
1431:
1430:
1380:Circular (248 m)
1289:TRIUMF Cyclotron
1167:
1166:
1139:Monash University
1046:Juelich, Germany
930:Protons and ions
664:, combination of
501:
500:
497:Proof of concept
423:Proof of concept
406:Aachen University
356:
355:
346:Proton, deuteron
298:Manhattan project
250:Berkeley Rad Lab
117:Proof of concept
4550:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4389:
4382:
4377:
4366:
4360:
4359:
4352:
4346:
4345:
4320:(1–4): 209–212.
4309:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4257:
4248:
4247:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4219:
4111:Antonio Zichichi
3996:
3995:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3945:
3944:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3924:
3923:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3906:
3905:
3846:(design: 7 TeV)
3799:
3798:
3797:
3790:
3789:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3772:
3771:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3753:
3752:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3735:
3734:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3716:
3715:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3698:
3697:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3679:
3678:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3661:
3660:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3641:
3640:
3440:
3358:
3357:
3354:Hadron colliders
3302:Circular, 3016m
3167:Circular, 24.4m
2720:three jet events
2499:, Orsay, France
2407:ee interactions
2309:
2308:
2125:p: 4,5 GeV
1438:
1437:
1386:800 MeV – 1 GeV
1236:Circular (30 m)
1186:
1185:
731:Synchrophasotron
675:Berkeley Rad Lab
641:Strange particle
624:Berkeley Rad Lab
514:
513:
451:Walton generator
414:Linear Beamline
366:
365:
282:, Oak Ridge, TN
192:Discovered many
108:
107:
53:
52:
25:particle physics
4558:
4557:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4523:
4522:
4487:Wayback Machine
4461:Wayback Machine
4449:
4444:
4443:
4426:
4422:
4392:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4367:
4363:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4310:
4306:
4296:
4294:
4284:
4280:
4270:
4268:
4267:on July 9, 2010
4259:
4258:
4251:
4242:
4241:
4237:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4211:
4194:
4096:
4091:
4085:
4047:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
3994:
3962:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3922:
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3628:Hexagonal rings
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3583:Hexagonal rings
3570:
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3526:
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3482:
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3412:(948 m around)
3411:
3399:
3385:
3378:
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3356:
3272:Circular, 105m
3203:Circular, 240m
3197:Beijing, China
3123:Circular, 768m
2968:Circular, 366m
2928:Circular, 240m
2922:Beijing, China
2899:
2831:
2742:Circular, 768m
2643:Circular, 300m
2521:
2517:
2505:Circular, 22 m
2462:, Soviet Union
2396:Two-ring, 12 m
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2307:
2302:
2268:
2259:Wayback Machine
2124:
2122:
1991:Mainz, Germany
1724:
1718:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1436:
1379:
1295:, Vancouver BC
1235:
1233:
1206:Kinetic Energy
1200:Shape and size
1196:
1184:
1172:
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807:
561:
536:Kinetic Energy
532:
528:Shape and size
524:
512:
506:
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435:
391:
386:
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364:
291:Uranium nuclei
106:
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63:
51:
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29:nuclear physics
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5:
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4447:External links
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4087:Main article:
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3086:Circular, 98m
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2178:Tōkai, Ibaraki
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1998:
1995:
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1982:
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1972:Crystal Barrel
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1942:
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1930:
1927:
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1918:
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1882:Middleton, MA
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1556:Circular ring
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1406:Tōkai, Ibaraki
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1339:United Kingdom
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1232:Linear (800 m)
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1026:Circular ring
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1016:
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854:(until 1984),
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508:Main article:
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57:
47:Main article:
44:
41:
36:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4128:
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4120:
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4108:
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4100:
4099:
4090:
4083:Light sources
4076:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4028:INSPIRE link
4027:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3955:
3898:
3893:
3891:2010–present
3890:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3828:2008–present
3827:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3803:3.85–100 GeV
3802:
3800:
3632:
3627:
3625:2000–present
3624:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3580:2001–present
3579:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3542:
3538:Circular ring
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3498:
3494:Circular ring
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3454:
3450:Circular ring
3449:
3446:
3443:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3400:Storage Rings
3398:Intersecting
3396:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3347:
3345:
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3310:
3307:
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3211:
3208:
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3199:
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3142:
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3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3083:1999–present
3082:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3057:Discovery of
3056:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:Discovery of
3015:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2981:
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2955:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2829:
2827:1988–1998(?)
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:1980–1990(?)
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2543:1972–1990(?)
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2344:INSPIRE link
2343:
2340:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2274:2019–Present
2273:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2226:2004–Present
2225:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2182:2009–Present
2181:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2152:1990–Present
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2112:1990–Present
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2076:1974–Present
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1994:1975–Present
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1954:1987–present
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1917:1995–present
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1793:1995–present
1792:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1761:1970–present
1760:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1722:
1720:
1714:
1712:1966–present
1711:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1585:Storage ring
1584:
1582:2000–present
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1553:1992–present
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1473:INSPIRE link
1472:
1469:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1410:2007–Present
1409:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1375:2006–Present
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1344:1984–present
1343:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1298:1974–present
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1264:1974–present
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1231:
1229:1972–Present
1228:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1212:INSPIRE link
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1179:
1177:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1147:2007–present
1146:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1112:2018–present
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1081:2011–present
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1049:1993–present
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
989:muon neutrino
986:
983:
980:
977:
975:(808 meters)
973:Circular ring
972:
970:1960–present
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
955:
952:
950:
946:
942:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
924:1976–present
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
909:
906:
904:
900:
897:Used to feed
896:
893:
890:
887:
885:1972–present
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
870:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
850:Used to feed
849:
846:
843:
839:Circular ring
838:
836:1959–present
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
821:
818:
816:
813:
810:
806:Circular ring
805:
803:1967–present
802:
800:
796:
793:
791:
788:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
743:
740:
737:
734:
732:
729:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
713:
710:
707:
704:
702:
699:
695:
692:
689:
687:
684:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
667:
663:
660:
656:
653:
650:
646:
643:experiments,
642:
639:
636:
633:
631:"Race track"
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
613:
611:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
586:
583:
581:
577:
574:Discovery of
573:
571:
567:
564:
560:Circular ring
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
542:INSPIRE link
541:
538:
535:
530:
527:
522:
519:
516:
515:
511:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
476:
473:
472:
468:
464:
460:
457:
454:
452:
446:
443:
441:
438:
434:
430:
427:
426:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
402:
399:
398:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
371:
368:
367:
359:
351:
348:
345:
342:
340:1967–present
339:
336:
333:
328:
325:
322:
319:
316:
314:
311:
308:
303:
299:
295:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
276:
273:
268:
264:
261:
258:
255:
252:
249:
246:
240:
237:
234:
231:
229:1961–Present
228:
225:
222:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
195:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
168:
165:
163:
160:
157:
154:
151:
148:
144:
141:
139:
136:
133:
130:
127:
125:
121:
116:
114:
110:
99:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
82:
77:
72:
69:
66:
61:
58:
55:
50:
40:
32:
30:
26:
22:
4423:
4364:
4350:
4317:
4313:
4307:
4295:. Retrieved
4291:
4281:
4269:. Retrieved
4265:the original
4238:
4226:. Retrieved
4217:
4174:Planck scale
4169:
4147:
4141:Enrico Fermi
4136:
4102:
4097:
4025:Experiments
3999:Accelerator
3963:per nucleon
3936:
3822:proton mode
3805:per nucleon
3653:
3593:100–255 GeV
3460:270–315 GeV
3389:Experiments
3361:Accelerator
3059:CP violation
3018:CP violation
2657:Crystal Ball
2338:Experiments
2312:Accelerator
2252:LENS Website
1970:
1936:technology.
1655:Design study
1644:Antiprotons
1620:Design study
1532:Design study
1524:Antiprotons
1500:Design study
1467:Experiments
1457:Accelerated
1441:Accelerator
1333:
1268:
1189:Accelerator
1173:
993:CP violation
531:Accelerated
517:Accelerator
504:Synchrotrons
385:Accelerated
369:Accelerator
357:
302:World War II
288:"Horseshoe"
265:Research on
56:Accelerator
38:
18:
4407:Collider".
4170:Planckatron
4162:around the
4160:Dyson swarm
4156:light-weeks
3622:, New York
3577:, New York
3545:Antiproton
3501:Antiproton
3457:Antiproton
3233:Novosibirsk
3160:Novosibirsk
2961:Novosibirsk
2832:SLAC Linac
2830:Addition to
2700:, MARK-J,
2591:Novosibirsk
2460:Novosibirsk
1719:accelerator
1704:SLAC Linac
1335:Oxfordshire
679:~1970–1993
649:antineutron
628:1954–~1970
576:V particles
510:Synchrotron
262:MeV to GeV
4527:Categories
4435:1503.01509
4414:1704.04469
4297:January 2,
4271:January 2,
4228:August 22,
4209:References
4109:headed by
4103:Eloisatron
4043:1992–2007
4007:operation
3535:2001–2011
3491:1992–1995
3447:1981–1984
3407:1971–1984
3369:operation
3299:1987–1995
3269:1969–1993
3120:2002–2008
3040:1999–2009
2999:1998–2008
2925:1989–2004
2867:1989–2000
2844:, Mark II
2739:1979–2002
2685:1978–1986
2640:1974–1993
2595:1974–2000
2570:Tau lepton
2502:1965–1975
2465:1965–1974
2426:1964–1968
2393:1962–1967
2360:1961–1964
2320:operation
2280:Electrons
2174:Main Ring
2040:1983–2011
1885:1967–2005
1833:1970–1995
1715:3 km
1692:Electrons
1686:1962–1974
1639:1982–1996
1519:1986–1996
1488:1980–1996
1449:operation
1197:operation
1153:Electrons
1087:Electrons
1023:1976–2007
770:1963–1979
711:1958–1997
666:SuperHILAC
645:antiproton
601:1953–1967
557:1953–1968
525:operation
482:, Germany
408:, Germany
377:operation
317:1949–2002
280:Y-12 Plant
253:1942–1993
206:1939–1962
180:1937–1938
155:1932–1936
64:operation
43:Cyclotrons
19:A list of
4468:from the
4152:GUT scale
4137:Fermitron
4051:27.5 GeV
4012:and size
4005:Years of
4002:Location
3885:ion mode
3616:ion mode
3420:31.5 GeV
3379:collided
3377:Particles
3374:and size
3367:Years of
3364:Location
3320:SuperKEKB
3209:1.89 GeV
3206:1.89 GeV
3151:VEPP-2000
2902:neutrinos
2546:Circular
2318:Years of
2315:Location
2300:Colliders
2037:Fermilab
1926:6–12 GeV
1865:Electron
1830:Fermilab
1790:Fermilab
1774:MiniBooNE
1723:Electron/
1678:Cambridge
1544:Nuclotron
1459:particle
1454:and size
1444:Location
1301:Circular
1195:Years of
1192:Location
1176:colliders
1143:Melbourne
1058:2.88 GeV
777:12.5 GeV
738:, Russia
708:, France
548:Cosmotron
533:particle
523:Years of
520:Location
491:Electron
488:Circular
449:Cockroft-
429:Cockcroft
387:particle
382:and size
375:Years of
372:Location
343:Circular
320:Circular
275:Calutrons
256:Circular
212:Deuteron
209:Circular
186:Deuteron
183:Circular
158:Circular
134:Circular
124:cyclotron
97:Circular
85:cyclotron
62:Years of
59:Location
49:Cyclotron
23:used for
4483:Archived
4457:Archived
4192:See also
4185:Zevatron
4054:920 GeV
4015:Electron
3548:980 GeV
3531:Fermilab
3524:Tevatron
3504:900 GeV
3487:Fermilab
3480:Tevatron
3392:INSPIRE
3342:Belle II
3338:4.0 GeV
3335:7.0 GeV
3278:1.5 GeV
3275:1.5 GeV
3266:, Italy
3264:Frascati
3173:1.0 GeV
3170:1.0 GeV
3092:0.7 GeV
3089:0.7 GeV
3080:, Italy
3078:Frascati
3049:3.5 GeV
3046:8.0 GeV
3008:3.1 GeV
2974:6.0 GeV
2971:6.0 GeV
2934:2.2 GeV
2931:2.2 GeV
2876:104 GeV
2873:104 GeV
2805:Mark II
2768:CLEO-2.5
2659:, DASP,
2604:700 MeV
2601:700 MeV
2564:Mark III
2511:550 MeV
2508:550 MeV
2474:700 MeV
2471:700 MeV
2435:130 MeV
2432:130 MeV
2402:300 MeV
2399:300 MeV
2375:Touschek
2369:250 MeV
2366:250 MeV
2333:Positron
2328:Electron
2283:150 MeV
2255:Archived
2232:Protons
2188:Protons
2049:980 GeV
2046:Protons
2033:Tevatron
1963:3.5 GeV
1868:1.1 GeV
1802:150 GeV
1767:Protons
1757:Fermilab
1726:Positron
1462:Kinetic
1447:Years of
1416:Protons
1383:Protons
1353:800 MeV
1350:Protons
1307:500 MeV
1273:Protons
1242:800 MeV
1239:Protons
933:450 GeV
894:1.4 GeV
891:Protons
670:Bevatron
637:6.2 GeV
619:Bevatron
494:1.8 MeV
475:Betatron
458:0.7 MeV
433:Walton's
390:Kinetic
326:160 MeV
259:Various
194:isotopes
166:4.8 MeV
162:Deuteron
142:1.2 MeV
122:11-inch
73:Kinetic
4342:1092923
4322:Bibcode
4113:at the
4075:INSPIRE
4022:energy
4017:energy
3984:INSPIRE
3937:Proton-
3875:INSPIRE
3838:Proton
3836:Proton/
3812:INSPIRE
3606:INSPIRE
3590:Proton
3561:INSPIRE
3543:Proton/
3527:Run II
3517:INSPIRE
3499:Proton/
3473:INSPIRE
3455:Proton/
3426:INSPIRE
3417:Proton
3415:Proton/
3386:energy
3308:30 GeV
3305:30 GeV
3290:TRISTAN
3193:BEPC II
3144:INSPIRE
3104:INSPIRE
3024:INSPIRE
2952:VEPP-4M
2945:INSPIRE
2911:INSPIRE
2851:INSPIRE
2838:45 GeV
2835:45 GeV
2811:INSPIRE
2780:INSPIRE
2725:INSPIRE
2694:20 GeV
2691:20 GeV
2669:INSPIRE
2624:INSPIRE
2582:VEPP-2M
2575:INSPIRE
2560:Mark II
2529:INSPIRE
2487:INSPIRE
2444:INSPIRE
2381:INSPIRE
2335:energy
2330:energy
2292:INSPIRE
2235:13 MeV
2229:Linear
2213:(LENS)
2204:INSPIRE
2191:30 GeV
2133:INSPIRE
2093:INSPIRE
2057:INSPIRE
2026:INSPIRE
1980:INSPIRE
1940:INSPIRE
1902:INSPIRE
1821:INSPIRE
1810:MINERνA
1781:INSPIRE
1747:INSPIRE
1730:50 GeV
1660:INSPIRE
1625:INSPIRE
1603:ASACUSA
1591:26 GeV
1568:INSPIRE
1537:INSPIRE
1505:INSPIRE
1464:Energy
1426:INSPIRE
1393:INSPIRE
1359:INSPIRE
1314:INSPIRE
1283:INSPIRE
1249:INSPIRE
1162:INSPIRE
1127:INSPIRE
1096:INSPIRE
1067:INSPIRE
1032:12 GeV
1029:Proton
1006:INSPIRE
981:33 GeV
954:INSPIRE
937:COMPASS
908:INSPIRE
869:INSPIRE
847:26 GeV
844:Proton
820:INSPIRE
814:70 GeV
811:Proton
783:INSPIRE
754:INSPIRE
748:10 GeV
724:INSPIRE
701:Saturne
694:INSPIRE
662:Bevalac
655:INSPIRE
634:Proton
606:Proton
585:INSPIRE
565:Proton
467:Lithium
463:nucleus
455:Proton
420:50 keV
392:Energy
349:75 MeV
323:Proton
267:uranium
215:16 MeV
83:9-inch
75:Energy
4390:
4340:
4127:Europe
4123:Sicily
4070:HERA-B
4020:Proton
4010:Shape
3597:PHENIX
3483:Run I
3372:Shape
3329:2016–
3237:2015–
3224:VEPP-5
3200:2008–
3164:2006–
3137:CLEO-c
3129:6 GeV
3126:6 GeV
3111:CESR-c
3005:9 GeV
2990:PEP-II
2965:1994–
2884:Delphi
2772:CLEO-3
2764:CLEO-2
2748:6 GeV
2745:6 GeV
2649:5 GeV
2646:5 GeV
2556:Mark I
2552:3 GeV
2549:3 GeV
2518:, KK,φ
2477:OLYA,
2451:VEPP-2
2323:Shape
2243:SESAME
2223:(USA)
2172:J-PARC
2065:UNILAC
1894:1 GeV
1770:8 GeV
1717:linear
1695:6 GeV
1595:ATHENA
1470:Notes
1452:Shape
1419:3 GeV
1400:J-PARC
1304:H-ion
1293:TRIUMF
1156:3 GeV
1121:3 GeV
1103:Sirius
1090:3 GeV
1015:(KEK)
945:ICARUS
903:ISOLDE
799:Russia
718:3 GeV
706:Saclay
609:1 GeV
580:mesons
380:Shape
334:JULIC
285:1943–
189:8 MeV
138:Proton
67:Shape
4430:arXiv
4409:arXiv
4338:S2CID
4119:Erice
3971:ATLAS
3967:ALICE
3958:2.76
3888:CERN
3870:TOTEM
3854:ATLAS
3850:ALICE
3825:CERN
3444:CERN
3433:Super
3404:CERN
3255:ADONE
3181:CMD-3
3133:CHESS
3069:DAΦNE
3053:Belle
3012:BaBar
2880:Aleph
2756:CHESS
2716:gluon
2710:TASSO
2706:PLUTO
2702:CELLO
2676:PETRA
2661:PLUTO
2653:ARGUS
2631:DORIS
2616:CMD-2
2540:SLAC
2536:SPEAR
2417:(ee)
2415:VEP-1
2101:SIS18
1967:BGOOD
1806:MINOS
1737:SPEAR
1650:PS210
1636:CERN
1615:AEGIS
1611:ALPHA
1599:ATRAP
1579:CERN
1516:CERN
997:kaons
941:OPERA
736:Dubna
485:1935
444:1932
411:1928
131:1932
94:1931
4299:2012
4273:2012
4230:2018
4146:The
4131:Asia
4129:and
4107:INFN
4062:ZEUS
4039:DESY
4034:HERA
3979:LHCb
3866:LHCf
3862:LHCb
3841:6.8
3601:STAR
3383:Beam
3229:BINP
3156:BINP
3096:KLOE
3031:KEKB
2995:SLAC
2978:KEDR
2957:BINP
2918:BEPC
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2863:CERN
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2792:SLAC
2760:CLEO
2752:CUSB
2732:CESR
2698:JADE
2681:DESY
2636:DESY
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1987:MAMI
1947:ELSA
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1042:COSY
1001:RHIC
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920:CERN
881:CERN
832:CERN
795:IHEP
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447:See
431:and
417:Ion
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4394:GeV
4330:doi
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4164:Sun
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3975:CMS
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