306:, literally "lenient and strict") derives one law from another through the following logic: If a case that is generally strict has a particular leniency, a case that is generally lenient will certainly have that leniency. The argument can also work in reverse, and also in areas where
373:
A Hirvonen - Law and
Critique, 2001 - Springer "Thus, those commandments (mitzvot) that come directly from the Torah (de'oraita) and are biblical, are a superior authority to those rabbinic ones which do not come from it (de'rabbanan). The de'oraita ...
328:(Aramaic: ืืืื, literally "out of" or "since") is an argument for a defendant that he ought to be believed regarding a certain claim, because he could have made a different claim which would definitely have been believed.
331:
For example, if one party claims (without evidence) that another borrowed money, the latter person could claim that he never borrowed anything, so he is believed if he states that he borrowed and repaid it.
400:
66:
This principle also applies in ritual law. For example: Food known to be kosher maintains its status until there is evidence to the contrary. Also, one who engages in acts done only by
55:โ literally, "strong") usually refers to the default assumption; i.e., what is assumed until there is evidence to the contrary. For example, if one is known to have owned
135:
412:
1004:
1089:
220:
because they are derived by interpreting the Torah. However, the extension of this prohibition to eating chicken with milk is
918:
384:
1074:
719:
156:
480:
545:
77:
1084:
1079:
880:
515:
411:
The
Aramaic source text: "ืืืฉืื ืืืืจื ืืจืื ืฉืืื ื ืฆืจืืื ืืงืขืืจ ืืฉืื ืื ืชืฉื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืจืฉื ืืจืื ื" (Tosafot on
943:
724:
63:
lies with whoever currently has the item in his possession, not with the one who had previously owned it.
988:
106:(Aramaic: ืืจืื ื, "of our rabbis," Rabbinic) if it is ordained by the rabbinical sages. The concepts of
860:
819:
729:
675:
424:
1032:
962:
891:
874:
798:
351:
289:
1027:
805:
656:
59:, it is assumed that he still owns it until proven otherwise. However, with movable items, the
208:
Regarding the verse "Thou shall not boil a kid in its mother's milk": From this, many laws of
714:
538:
481:"Torah & Rabbinic Law (D'Oraita & d'Rabbanan) - Nishmat - Women's Health and Halacha"
931:
504:
8:
968:
626:
756:
651:
621:
98:(Aramaic: ืืืืจืืืชื, "of the Torah," i.e. scriptural) if it was given with the written
750:
643:
581:
439:
435:
247:
In a case where it is uncertain whether a commandment applies: If the commandment is
341:
1052:
1038:
956:
867:
778:
531:
174:
commandments, describing a hierarchy of no less than 18 levels of significance for
23:
1045:
937:
897:
523:
299:
48:
975:
925:
812:
597:
573:
467:
193:
1068:
565:
463:
396:
251:
one must follow the stricter of the two possibilities; if the commandment is
767:
589:
484:
129:. For example: the Talmud says the prohibition of reciting an unnecessary
762:
632:
613:
605:
188:
Examples of the application of these two terms abound. Examples include:
163:
56:
904:
772:
201:, the fourth blessing was added much later on in Jewish history and is
140:
383:
The Hebrew source text: "ืื ืืืืจื ืืจืื ืฉืืื ื ืฆืจืืื ืขืืืจ ืืฉืื ืื ืชืฉื" (
844:
708:
346:
130:
38:
26:. Some of the most common arguments and terms are discussed here.
555:
451:
176:
148:
68:
216:
because it was derived by the rabbis, but the laws are actually
1010:
982:
949:
838:
745:
701:
694:
685:
669:
662:
269:
115:
19:
212:
are derived by the rabbis. One might think this would make it
197:
contains four blessings. While the first three are considered
911:
792:
785:
233:
The application of differences between rabbinic and biblical
99:
133:(blessing formulated with God's name) violates the verse
224:, as it is the product of a specific rabbinic enactment.
155:, and sees the Talmud's scriptural reference as only an
136:
Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain
371:
Promising
Justice: Derrida with Jewish Jurisprudence
166:
makes further distinctions between various types of
553:
264:In cases of extenuating circumstances regarding a
1066:
539:
505:If You Borrow from Us, Do We Not Get it Back?
276:
546:
532:
237:can sometimes make practical differences.
121:Sometimes it is unclear whether an act is
83:
29:
617:(Stumbling block in front of the blind)
1067:
527:
76:himself, until proven otherwise (see
228:
314:might not be precisely applicable.
303:
52:
13:
919:Osek b'mitzvah patur min hamitzvah
272:sometimes apply the law leniently.
255:one may take the lenient position.
14:
1101:
342:Mitzvah ยง Rabbinical mitzvot
892:One commandment leads to another
1090:Talmud concepts and terminology
509:
498:
78:Presumption of priestly descent
601:(Sanctification of God's name)
473:
457:
445:
429:
418:
405:
390:
377:
364:
1:
425:ื"ื ืืจืืืช ืืื ืืืืจืืืชื ืืืจืื ื
357:
151:considers the law to be only
143:sees the Talmud as proving a
7:
577:(Desecration of God's name)
335:
261:(extenuating circumstances)
183:
10:
1106:
287:
36:
1075:Aramaic words and phrases
1020:
997:
830:
738:
684:
642:
564:
609:(Derogatory information)
114:are used extensively in
720:Forbidden relationships
352:Talmudical hermeneutics
317:
290:Talmudical hermeneutics
861:B'rov am hadrat melech
559:(Jewish religious law)
270:decisors of Jewish law
1085:Judaism-related lists
1080:Jewish law principles
932:Positive commandment
875:Dina d'malkhuta dina
627:You shall not murder
466:Hilchot Mamrim 2:9;
831:Halakhic principles
585:(Theft of the mind)
147:prohibition, while
72:is assumed to be a
22:uses many types of
1005:Capital punishment
652:Corpse uncleanness
1062:
1061:
725:Gender separation
436:Babylonian Talmud
413:Rosh Hashanah 33a
229:Modern observance
162:An article by R'
24:logical arguments
1097:
969:Toch k'dei dibur
779:Terumat hamaaser
593:(Theft of sleep)
548:
541:
534:
525:
524:
518:
513:
507:
502:
496:
495:
493:
492:
483:. Archived from
477:
471:
470:Yoreh Deah 87:3.
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455:
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416:
409:
403:
394:
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305:
54:
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1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
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1065:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1016:
993:
826:
746:Sabbatical year
734:
680:
638:
560:
552:
522:
521:
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499:
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488:
479:
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369:
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338:
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292:
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231:
186:
92:
41:
35:
12:
11:
5:
1103:
1093:
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1087:
1082:
1077:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1007:
1001:
999:
995:
994:
992:
991:
986:
979:
976:Yad soledet bo
972:
965:
960:
953:
946:
944:Self-sacrifice
941:
934:
929:
926:Pikuach nefesh
922:
915:
908:
901:
894:
889:
878:
871:
864:
857:
842:
834:
832:
828:
827:
825:
824:
817:
810:
803:
796:
789:
782:
775:
770:
765:
760:
753:
748:
742:
740:
736:
735:
733:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
705:
698:
690:
688:
682:
681:
679:
678:
676:Ritual washing
673:
666:
659:
654:
648:
646:
640:
639:
637:
636:
629:
624:
619:
611:
603:
599:Kiddush hashem
595:
587:
583:Geneivat da'at
579:
575:Chillul hashem
570:
568:
562:
561:
551:
550:
543:
536:
528:
520:
519:
508:
497:
472:
468:Shulchan Aruch
456:
444:
428:
417:
404:
401:Berachot 1, 15
389:
376:
362:
361:
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356:
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349:
344:
337:
334:
321:
316:
288:Main article:
285:
275:
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245:
230:
227:
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206:
194:Birkat Hamazon
185:
182:
91:
82:
37:Main article:
34:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1102:
1091:
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1086:
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1055:
1054:
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1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1028:High Holidays
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:Related boxes
1019:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1000:
996:
990:
989:Relative hour
987:
985:
984:
980:
978:
977:
973:
971:
970:
966:
964:
961:
959:
958:
957:Shomea k'oneh
954:
952:
951:
947:
945:
942:
940:
939:
935:
933:
930:
928:
927:
923:
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920:
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833:
829:
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808:
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802:
801:
797:
795:
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790:
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783:
781:
780:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
758:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
741:
739:Agrarian laws
737:
731:
730:Homosexuality
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
710:
706:
704:
703:
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697:
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689:
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683:
677:
674:
672:
671:
667:
665:
664:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
649:
647:
645:
644:Ritual purity
641:
635:
634:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
616:
612:
610:
608:
604:
602:
600:
596:
594:
592:
588:
586:
584:
580:
578:
576:
572:
571:
569:
567:
563:
558:
557:
549:
544:
542:
537:
535:
530:
529:
526:
517:
512:
506:
501:
487:on 2014-10-27
486:
482:
476:
469:
465:
464:Mishneh Torah
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408:
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398:
397:Mishneh Torah
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70:
64:
62:
58:
50:
46:
40:
33:(presumption)
32:
27:
25:
21:
16:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1009:
981:
974:
967:
955:
948:
938:Sfeka d'yoma
936:
924:
917:
910:
903:
898:Ikar v'tafel
896:
885:
881:
873:
866:
859:
853:
849:
845:
837:
820:
813:
806:
799:
791:
784:
777:
768:Second tithe
755:
707:
700:
693:
668:
661:
631:
622:Noahide laws
614:
606:
598:
591:Gezel sheina
590:
582:
574:
554:
511:
500:
489:. Retrieved
485:the original
475:
459:
447:
431:
420:
407:
392:
385:Berachot 33a
379:
370:
366:
330:
325:
323:
318:
311:
307:
296:kal vachomer
295:
293:
281:
278:Kal vachomer
277:
265:
258:
252:
248:
241:
234:
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221:
217:
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107:
103:
95:
93:
88:
84:
73:
67:
65:
60:
44:
42:
30:
17:
15:
763:First tithe
657:Handwashing
633:Yetzer hara
615:Lifnei iver
607:Lashon hara
164:Osher Weiss
159:(support).
102:. A law is
57:real estate
1069:Categories
998:Punishment
905:Marit ayin
773:Poor tithe
491:2016-08-20
454:104a, 113a
358:References
282:a fortiori
266:derabbanan
253:derabbanan
222:derabbanan
218:de-'oraita
214:derabbanan
203:derabbanan
172:derabbanan
153:derabbanan
141:Maimonides
127:derabbanan
112:derabbanan
104:derabbanan
963:Testimony
886:derabanan
882:De'oraita
807:Sicaricon
715:Sexuality
249:de'oraita
199:de'oraita
168:de'oraita
145:de'oraita
123:de'oraita
108:de'oraita
96:de'oraita
94:A law is
89:derabanan
85:De'oraita
43:The term
1033:Passover
850:beshogeg
846:Bemeizid
821:Kil'ayim
800:Bikkurim
709:Mechitza
347:Takkanah
336:See also
304:ืงื ืืืืืจ
259:Bediavad
184:Examples
157:asmachta
131:berakhah
61:chazakah
45:chazakah
39:Chazakah
31:Chazakah
1053:Kashrut
1039:Shabbat
757:Terumah
686:Modesty
556:Halakha
452:Chullin
440:Brachot
308:lenient
244:(doubt)
235:mitzvot
210:kashrut
177:mitzvot
149:Tosafot
69:kohanim
1046:Sukkot
1011:Kareth
983:Zmanim
950:Shinuy
868:Chumra
854:beones
852:, and
839:Aveira
814:Hallah
751:Tithes
702:Yichud
695:Negiah
670:Niddah
663:Mikveh
566:Ethics
312:strict
300:Hebrew
116:Jewish
49:Hebrew
20:Talmud
912:Neder
793:Orlah
786:Demai
242:Sofek
118:law.
100:Torah
74:kohen
884:and
516:Migo
326:migo
319:Migo
110:and
87:and
53:ืืืงื
18:The
442:45b
310:or
170:or
125:or
80:).
1071::
848:,
438:,
399:,
324:A
302::
294:A
268:,
180:.
139:.
51::
547:e
540:t
533:v
494:.
415:)
387:)
374:"
298:(
284:)
280:(
205:.
47:(
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