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little control over the selection of local candidates, either — if a voter's preferred party selects a poor candidate, the voter is forced to either vote for a candidate they dislike or vote for a party they dislike. Under a party list system, voters can support their preferred party even if they are unwilling to vote for its local candidate.
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The existence of list MPs has caused controversy in some countries. It is sometimes complained that because list MPs do not have a geographic electorate, they are not properly accountable to anyone. In addition, the methods used to create party lists are sometimes criticised as undemocratic —
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system, the public have no way of influencing the composition of a party list. In this situation, the public cannot support one candidate without also supporting other candidates from the same party. Supporters of party list proportional representation sometimes retort that the public often have
277:. ACT alleged that it was ACT, not Awatere Huata, who was awarded the seat in the last election, and that when Awatere Huata left ACT, she should not have been able to take the seat with her. ACT's view was accepted, and Awatere Huata was expelled from Parliament.
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There is also debate about the right of a list MP to switch parties. Because list MPs gain their seats by virtue of being on a party list, rather than by winning votes personally, some contend that the party, not the MP, is the rightful "owner" of the seat. In
156:(MKs) are list members. Under this system, MKs are appointed from lists of candidates created by each party until the party has reached its allocated number. In other countries, a more complicated system is used. In the method used in
132:. The place in Parliament is due to the number of votes that the party won, not to votes received by the MP personally. This occurs only in countries which have an electoral system based wholly or partly on
184:, a merger of party-list representation and geographic representation is employed — parties contest geographic seats (districts), but are then "topped up" with members from a party list.
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seats elected using FPP and the other MPs are selected from the party lists. The number of list MPs each party receives is the difference between a party's proportional allocation of
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system, however, may go some way to addressing the concern that voters can only support all the candidates that were proposed by the party. A notable example of this was in the
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and its number of electorate MPs. Since the introduction of list MPs, New
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got over 10% more votes than Mark Rutte. This eventually led to Rita
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list, similarly became an independent. In the latter case, Awatere Huata's former party went to the
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are filled solely in accordance with the share of votes won by each individual party. Thus, in
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360:"Hard landing for Donna Awatere Huata"
43:Relevant discussion may be found on the
301:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
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296:"Electoral systems – MMP in practice"
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64:"List MP"
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