27:
110:
and the destruction of infrastructure. Also, the infiltration is insufficient because of the water's velocity, even though the runoff would be able to allow for the growth of trees in appropriate places. The aim of building limans is to stop flash floods and to increase water infiltration, thus
480:
Ffolliott, P.F. et al. 2000. International Arid Lands
Consortium: Better Land Stewardship in Water and Watershed Management. USDA Forest Service Proceedings – Rocky Mountains Research Centre P-13: p.335–338.
502:
Angel, R., & Conrad, R. 2009. In situ measurement of methane fluxes and analysis of transcribed particulate methane monooxygenase in desert soils. Environmental
Microbiology 11(10): p.2598–2610.
464:
Brunori, A., Nair, P.K.R., & Rockwood, D.L. 1995. Performance of two
Eucalyptus species at different slope positions and aspects in a contour-ridge planting system in the Negev Desert of Israel.
350:
in arid areas. In
Proceedings, International Conference on Water Resources Management in Arid Regions. 23–27 March 2002, 107–122. Kuwait: Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research Available at:
260:
Because desert crusts prevent rainwater from infiltrating the ground, they generate surface run-off that can lead to flash floods and to top-soil erosion. Limans prevent both the loss of
137:
Limans are structures with small dams which catch runoff from a wadi to hold about 400-600mm of water, which suffices for the growth of drought-hardy tree species. Limans can be built
62:
is slowed by the dam, thus flooding a small area and allowing the water to infiltrate into the soil. This way, a small groves of trees can be sustained in the desert. The
430:
Bruins, H.J.; Evenari, M.; Nessler, U. (1986). "Rainwater-harvesting agriculture for food production in arid zones: the challenge of the
African famine".
352:
165:
height should be 3–4 times the designed water depth, and the outlet should be to the side of the main flow to prevent direct through flow. Also,
383:
233:
Before the invention of Limans, their creators as well as scientists expected several positive and/or negative impacts:
561:
237:
They expected a negative soil salinisation due to salt deposition and/or high evaporation rates. This was not the case.
546:
503:
556:
531:
493:
No literature could be found as of June 2012, which suggests that the issue might not have been studied yet.
541:
257:
uptake, but it could not be measured in limans. Instead, they found a shallow zone of methane production.
359:
329:
469:
112:
566:
536:
521:
174:
54:
is the name for an artificial earthen construction used to collect floodwater by damming a desert
187:
170:
482:
439:
240:
193:
191:
was mostly used in the past. However, some scientific studies have had better results with
63:
26:
8:
551:
405:
304:
166:
443:
451:
377:
116:
447:
20:
269:
79:
526:
347:
261:
244:
148:
86:
resources, which are becoming increasingly rare in arid ecosystems. Remaining
515:
272:. On top of that, they provide a controlled place to deposit these resources.
87:
504:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01984.x/abstract
276:
107:
103:
67:
59:
35:
139:
wherever tributary wadis widen or come onto a large plain with potential
140:
83:
214:
126:
289:
218:
210:
156:
144:
155:
regulates the level of the water to prevent the destruction of the
206:
198:
152:
265:
254:
122:
299:
202:
51:
294:
222:
162:
99:
91:
483:
http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p013/rmrs_p013_335_338.pdf
346:
Prinz, D. 2002. The role of water harvesting in alleviating
197:. Overall, any drought-hardy species are suitable, such as
119:
95:
55:
31:
275:
So far, no ecological research has been conducted on
429:
66:has been funding the construction of limans in the
513:
169:should be excluded from the site to prevent
399:
397:
395:
393:
180:
25:
474:
514:
458:
403:
382:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
423:
390:
324:
322:
320:
243:: Because of the biomass increase, a
496:
340:
78:Limans were built in order to fight
487:
16:Desert irrigation by floodwater dam
13:
317:
14:
578:
90:can be found in dry river beds (
73:
1:
466:Forest Ecology and Management
310:
253:Scientists were hoping for a
173:which would in turn decrease
452:10.1016/0143-6228(86)90026-3
185:Because of its fast growth,
7:
283:
10:
583:
228:
18:
562:Environmental engineering
132:
106:. The result is massive
19:Not to be confused with
188:Eucalyptus occidentalis
30:A liman created by the
547:Flood control projects
39:
181:Suitable tree species
29:
557:Forestry initiatives
532:Rainwater harvesting
241:Carbon sequestration
194:Eucalyptus sargentii
444:1986AppGe...6...13B
413:Landscape Australia
305:Tank cascade system
250:uptake is expected.
147:is built to retain
542:Water conservation
404:Wilson, G (1980).
175:water infiltration
82:without depleting
40:
432:Applied Geography
129:underneath them.
98:occur, but these
574:
506:
500:
494:
491:
485:
478:
472:
462:
456:
455:
427:
421:
420:
410:
401:
388:
387:
381:
373:
371:
370:
364:
358:. Archived from
357:
344:
338:
337:
326:
21:Liman (landform)
582:
581:
577:
576:
575:
573:
572:
571:
567:Water in Israel
537:Desert greening
522:Oases of Israel
512:
511:
510:
509:
501:
497:
492:
488:
479:
475:
468:(75): p.41–48.
463:
459:
428:
424:
408:
402:
391:
375:
374:
368:
366:
362:
355:
353:"Archived copy"
351:
345:
341:
334:www.kkl-jnf.org
328:
327:
318:
313:
286:
270:plant nutrients
248:
231:
183:
171:soil compaction
135:
111:sustaining the
80:desertification
76:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
580:
570:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
508:
507:
495:
486:
473:
457:
422:
389:
348:water scarcity
339:
315:
314:
312:
309:
308:
307:
302:
297:
292:
285:
282:
281:
280:
279:within limans.
273:
262:surface runoff
258:
251:
246:
238:
230:
227:
182:
179:
134:
131:
75:
72:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
579:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
517:
505:
499:
490:
484:
477:
471:
467:
461:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
426:
419:(3): 159–163.
418:
414:
407:
400:
398:
396:
394:
385:
379:
365:on 2012-03-24
361:
354:
349:
343:
335:
331:
325:
323:
321:
316:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
287:
278:
274:
271:
268:, as well as
267:
263:
259:
256:
252:
249:
242:
239:
236:
235:
234:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
195:
190:
189:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
158:
154:
150:
149:runoff waters
146:
142:
130:
128:
124:
121:
118:
117:drought-hardy
114:
109:
105:
102:are prone to
101:
97:
93:
89:
88:soil humidity
85:
81:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
37:
33:
28:
22:
498:
489:
476:
465:
460:
438:(1): 13–32.
435:
431:
425:
416:
412:
367:. Retrieved
360:the original
342:
333:
277:biodiversity
232:
192:
186:
184:
138:
136:
108:soil erosion
104:flash floods
77:
74:Introduction
68:Negev Desert
60:runoff water
47:
46:(from Greek
43:
41:
36:Negev Desert
141:arable land
84:groundwater
552:Irrigation
516:Categories
369:2012-06-21
311:References
215:eucalyptus
163:embankment
127:vegetation
406:"Limanim"
290:Check dam
219:date palm
211:pistachio
157:check-dam
145:check-dam
378:cite web
330:"Limans"
284:See also
207:prosopis
199:tamarind
153:spillway
94:) after
440:Bibcode
266:topsoil
264:and of
255:methane
229:Effects
167:grazers
123:species
64:JNF-KKL
34:in the
300:Taanka
203:acacia
161:. The
133:Design
113:growth
58:. The
52:Israel
527:Negev
409:(PDF)
363:(PDF)
356:(PDF)
295:Johad
223:carob
100:wadis
96:rains
92:wadis
50:) in
48:λιμήν
44:Liman
384:link
221:and
151:. A
143:. A
125:and
120:tree
56:wadi
470:PDF
448:doi
115:of
32:JNF
518::
446:.
434:.
417:80
415:.
411:.
392:^
380:}}
376:{{
332:.
319:^
245:CO
225:.
217:,
213:,
209:,
205:,
201:,
177:.
70:.
42:A
454:.
450::
442::
436:6
386:)
372:.
336:.
247:2
159:.
38:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
