1529:). To obtain a "Licenciatura" it is required to either pass an additional test or defend a thesis. Although most Bachelor courses in Peru require to complete "Thesis work" or "Thesis seminars" modules(usually developing a research project during the last two semesters of the course) to obtain the degree, it is not mandatory to defend it. To obtain a "Licenciatura" or "TĂtulo Profesional" the student is required to write a thesis (usually that developed during their bachelor course), and pass their viva voce. Alternatively, it is possible to complete a written exam and then an oral examination in front of a group of professors (who are registered in the professional college/body of that specific profession). With this last option, it is usually required to have at least one year of professional experience in the relevant field of studies. Therefore, for some professions which used to be called "carreras largas" or long careers (e.g. dentistry, law, psychology and medicine), the student requires more than five years of studies or ten semesters to become a member of a professional body.
381:, which confer licentiate diplomas. The status of this award is similar to that of an Australian diplomaâcurrently one year of post-secondary educationâand so it is a lesser award than a degree, although this award can usually take two or more years to complete due to its high standard. Similarly, for theological colleges in former times, the licentiate was a specific post graduate award, analogous to a current graduate diploma. It was used specifically because some theological colleges did not enjoy university status, and could not award degrees such as baccalaureates, masters and doctorates. Though this was never the case in Catholic Colleges where the Licentiate cannot be earned until one has completed 7 years of study (5 for the baccalaureate and 2 for the licentiate). In such an instance, it sits well above the level of graduate diploma between that of master's and doctorate.
142:
1085:. The Licentiate of Engineering corresponds to 120 ECTS credits (80 workweeks (old credits)), or nominally two years of full-time work, whereas a PhD amounts to 240 ECTS credits (160 workweeks (old credits)), or a nominal period of four years of full-time work (one old credit equals one week of full-time studies). However, as a result of the differences in requirements and individual performance, the time to complete a Licentiate of Engineering degree varies. For the thesis, 2â3 peer-refereed articles (or an equivalent monograph) is usually required, and there is no requirement for original research
990:
1548:, the same happens in with the other professions (i.e. Enfermero, Ingeniero, PsicĂłlogo.) In such cases, both written titles are equivalent. The Professional Titles in Peru are equivalent to the professional degrees in the US, therefore if a person obtained a Master in Counselling degree in the US will need to complete the university studies in Peru in order to obtain the Licenciate or Title of Psychologist and then the Licensure at the Colegio de PsicĂłlogos del PerĂș. In PerĂș the Professional Title of PsicĂłlogo is similar to the Psy.D which is given in the US.
731:
of
Bolivia. The durational requirements to obtain a Licenciatura vary depending on the profession studied, however, most universities require the completion of the curricula within four to five years. Aside from the durational requirements, Bolivian universities also require that all candidates, at the completion of the curricula, complement their studies by writing a thesis or by sitting for an oral examination in which State and University representatives take part by testing the student's professional knowledge and skills.
1160:) became the predominant representation of the mainstream education of a lawyer. The Lizentiat is largely equivalent to the 1. Staatsexamen but, unlike the latter, is assessed by the university, not the state administration. It also allowed specialisation in areas of the law which were either not covered by other legal qualifications, e.g. ecclesiastical law etc., or not covered to the same extent. Other disciplines, such as theology or journalism (FU Berlin), used to offer a
283:, or area of teaching authority. Throughout the 12th century, the degree of their control tightened to such an extent that they had essential monopolies over all teachers in their dioceses, and teachers were barred from acting as instructors without the explicit authorization of their scholasters. Conflicts sometimes arose between the scholasters and local independent educators who operated educational facilities without their permission, and chancellors often demanded
913:, Toronto, offers a Licentiate Diploma (LRCM) in Piano Performance. The LRCM is the highest level of The Royal Conservatory Certificate Program. The examination is evaluated as a professional concert performance. Candidates are expected to demonstrate a masterful command of the instrument and communicate an understanding of stylistic characteristics and structural elements of each repertoire selection with interpretive insight and a mature musical personality.
43:
1005:, a licentiate's degree, recognised as a pre-doctoral degree, is equal to completion of the coursework and a dissertation which is formally equivalent to half of a doctoral dissertation. In Finland, the extent of licentiate degree is 120 ECTS equivalent and it requires two to three years of full-time research. Its prerequisite is a completed 4-year academic degree at advanced level, such as a
795:, to attend elementary and secondary education. Pedagogical training, in addition to its specificities, should contemplate an overview of the education and the formative processes of the students. It should also emphasize the instrumentation for the teaching of Sciences at the fundamental level and for the teaching of biology at the intermediate level. In some Brazilian universities,
303:
but by the church, embodied in the chancellor of the diocese in which the university was located. The licentia would only be awarded however upon recommendation by the university, initially shortly before the candidate would be awarded the final degree of master or doctor, the requirements for which beyond having been awarded the licentia were only of a ceremonial nature.
1671:) was an academic degree awarded after four to six years of study, finalised by a thesis. It was a degree higher than the graduate diploma obtained after three years of study, which was mostly used in pedagogical institutes that trained secondary education teachers, and was considered inferior to the doctorate. A Romanian licence was the equivalent of a French
1445:
The
Photographic Society of New Zealand awards a licentiateship, Licentiate (LPSNZ), for "proficiency of a high order in practical photography." This means the applicant must demonstrate sound basic technical ability, along with good compositional skill, and awareness of lighting. Proficiency implies
940:
are also required to fulfill the requirements for graduation for each institution, with usually requires writing a thesis in some universities, attending a graduation seminar, or developing a project in order to graduate, and some degrees involve the same credits as a master's degree but not the same
929:
but higher than a bachelor's degree, according to the Office for the
Planning of Higher Education, part of the National Council of Rectors. Licentiate is extended to those who have fulfilled the requirements of a university program that has a minimum of 150 and a maximum of 180 course credits (public
2348:
Medical graduates from schools outside of Hong Kong must obtain a medical license directly form the
Medical Council of Hong Kong before they are able to register to practice medicine in Hong Kong. The qualification is known as the Licentiate of the Medical Council of Hong Kong (LMCHK). The LMCHK is
1188:
The Hong Kong
Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (HKSAR) offers a Licentiate of the Medical Council of Hong Kong (LMCHK). This licentiate is required of non-locally trained doctors in order to register as a medical practitioner in Hong Kong. The LMCHK qualification forms
1016:
Until the early 1970s, the degree in Sweden was equivalent to the U.S. PhD requiring four to seven years of study after the
Bachelor's (or Master's) degree, and a publicly defended thesis. It was gradually substituted with the "Doctor's exam" in 1969 and was re-instituted as an intermediate level in
2333:
In
Finland, licensed medical practitioners (physicians and surgeons) are either licentiates or doctorates, where the Licentiate of Medicine is the minimum qualification. In terms of degree coursework, the licentiate is above master's but below a doctorate. In the medical field, there is no master's
759:
often depend on the topic studied, most universities require the completion of the curriculum within four to five years. Besides the durational requirements for academic activities, Brazilian universities may also require that degree candidates complement their studies by writing a dissertation and
730:
is a professional degree distinct from the
Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor in Science, which are more common in the Anglosphere, as it requires that the student take more credits for the completion of a professional curricula. The Licenciatura allows the holder to practice his or her profession in all
2404:
Licentiate Member of the
Institute of Clerks of Works and Construction Inspectorate (post nominal LICWCI) is a professional grade of the Institute of Clerks of Works and Construction Inspectorate, the professional body that supports quality construction and compliance of building standards through
1201:
In India, the
Licentiate is a vocational qualification offered by the special vocational boards or professional bodies. These are offered after completion of school education and are somewhat less extensive than a full-fledged university degree. Issuers of the licentiate degree include but are not
388:
which ranks above a master's degree and can only be earned after seven years of study (five years for the S.T.B.; two years for the S.T.L.). The licentiate is part of the three cycles of theological education in the Roman Catholic Church that was instituted in 1931: baccalaureate (STB); licentiate
302:
was of a somewhat different nature than the academic degrees of bachelor, master or doctor. The latter essentially indicated the rank of seniority in the various faculties (arts, theology, law, medicine), whereas the licentia was literally the licence to teach. It was awarded not by the university
1756:
The main purpose for having such a semi-level is to enable students, who cannot finish PhD studies but reached certain significant level of additional knowledge (around first half of PhD studies), to get certificate about finishing one stage of the PhD studies and continue those studies later in
314:
became an academic degree intermediate between the bachelor's degree on the one hand and the master's or doctor's degree on the other, in particular in the higher faculties. Moreover, the costs for obtaining the doctorate could be significant. As a result, most students not intending an academic
1654:
in other European countries. The Master's degree entails a two-year program of study, in which students can normally enroll after completing a licentiate's degree, and provides higher qualification for employment (e.g., for Architecture or Medicine a Master's is required, as well as for some
1179:
The professional licence is a Certificate licence issued by a university and authenticated national Department of education after the licenciate diploma holder submits a final paper research that have been analyzed and graded by a board of professors or faculty jury member from the school.
2128:
by a pontifical university or ecclesiastical faculty upon completion of studies in one of the sacred sciences. The pontifical licentiate is a canonical pre-requisite for entrance into a pontifical doctoral program: "Nobody can be admitted to the doctorate unless first having obtained the
835:. A licentiate is also offered by the Medical Council of Canada (MCC) upon completion of a series of Medical Council of Canada Qualifying examinations for Canadian and International medical graduates. This licentiate is required to obtain an independent medical practice licence in Canada.
1753:). That studies between 2nd and 3rd level of education are equal to licentiate level. It is formally at the 2nd level of academic studies with the master studies (at the same level). As a professional degree, when ranking employees, it is on 3rd level, together with PhD studies.
2324:
These licentiate diplomas were awarded by professional bodies, and were accepted by the General Medical Council for registration as a medical practitioner, but were not university degrees and were regarded as being at a slightly lower level than bachelor's degrees in medicine.
1726:
on a scientific subject. The basic graduate studies was four years before that. Accepting the Bolognia process, Serbia changed its academic degrees and the names of degrees were synchronized with other western school systems. Basically, there are 3 levels of studies now: 1.
3335:
1494:(Licentiate in Teaching of English), and qualifies the recipient to pursue a master's degree, or teach at a high school or middle school level with additional training. In order to be able to teach at university level, the recipient of a licentiate must complete the
1175:
The general licence is a diploma issued by a university and authenticated by the national department of education. This authentication confirms the school follows and complies to the national curriculum requirements for a four-year baccalaureat (bachelor's) degree.
871:. It is part of the cycle of baccalaureate, licentiate, doctorate in theological formation in the Roman Catholic Church. It can be earned while studying for a civil master's or doctoral degree. It probably sits in rank between the two levels. See
2059:
also offers a licentiateship. This program, which is offered at the degree level, is for individuals with a BEd (three-year program) who wishes to do in-service advanced training in education or a related learning field. Also in education,
1344:, require an intense theoretical background, as well as practical training, and so a first university degree in those areas may take longer to complete (up to 6 years). Even after obtaining the diploma, graduates require passing a national
2310:. The first two, and latterly the first three, were granted together in England, and the last three in Scotland, until 1999, after which approval to hold the examinations was withdrawn. The qualifications are still registrable with the
1884:
is equivalent to a master's degree. Depending on the degree and study plan, some Spanish universities require a small thesis or research project to be submitted in the last year before the student can finally claim his or her degree.
2087:, has as its highest qualification (above Certificate, Higher Certificate and Diploma levels) the Licentiateship of the institute, awarded following both a course of study including thesis and dissertation and professional practice.
2036:
offers Licences in Latin and Greek. They are postgraduate diplomas â meaning that the student would normally have completed a (typically three-year) bachelor's degree course first â and can be completed in either two or three years.
2412:
is a part qualified professional grade of the Chartered Institute of Personnel & Development (CIPD). Prior to the Institute gaining its Royal Charter, members at this grade were able to use the post nominal Lic IPD after their
3331:
1064:
The Licentiate of Engineering is an intermediate postgraduate degree used only in a few countries, among them Sweden and Finland, and can be seen as an academic step halfway between a Master's and a PhD. In Swedish, it is called
2385:
Certain maternity hospitals in Dublin used to award a Licentiate in Midwifery or LM diploma, not to midwives but to qualified medical practitioners who had been examined there after a three-month residential appointment. The
2369:
still qualify with licentiate diplomas from the two Irish Royal Colleges, coupled with a Licence in Midwifery from each, although in the past few years they have also been awarded the three medical bachelor's degrees of the
1812:
typically required from four to six years of university courses, and had a typical credit workload of 300 to 400 credits. It usually had two or three introductory years (first cycle, after which the candidate could obtain a
2796:
The Bologna Process of Harmonization of Higher Education, Alexandra Kertz-Welzel, "Motivation zur Weiterbildung: Master- und Bachelor-AbschlĂŒsse in den USA und Die Amerikas", Diskussion MusikpĂ€dagogik, vol. 29, pp. 33â35,
1915:
will consist of three or four years (240 ECTS credits), unless it is otherwise ruled by an EU Directive (like Pharmacy, five years, or Medicine, six years). All university students completing these four years will get a
2455:
of theology, possessing the authority to grant Pontifical degrees. This compares with, for example in North American institutions, the four-year program for a B.A. at many universities, a two-year program for an
2204:
in Toronto, Canada all confer such degrees. The Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies in Toronto awards a licentiate in Mediaeval studies, but, unusually, only offers it as a postdoctoral degree. (Cf. the
3143:
1920:
and may then go on with Master's studies (one to two years, 60-120 ECTS credits). Doctorate studies will in most cases require a research-oriented master's degree and may or may not include specific courses.
1510:, A "Bachiller" degree is the first academic degree and allows one to enroll in a master's degree course. The master's degree is the second degree and it allows you to get a Doctor's degree (equivalent to a
2818:
2217:
In Canada, anyone who completes the Level III Heraldic Proficiency Courses is granted the right to use the post-nominal of LRHSC (Licentiate of the Royal Heraldry Society of Canada). This is awarded by the
930:
university programs usually last from four to six years of study) and a minimum duration of 10 lesson cycles of 15 weeks or its equivalent (three or four extra course semesters after the completion of the
2334:
degree, and the bachelor's degree qualifies only for practical training to become a licentiate. Qualified licentiates may continue studies to become a Doctor of Medicine if they want to work in research.
1970:
Prior to the Bologna process, the master's degree was not considered an official academic degree in Spain, as the transition from undergraduate to postgraduate studies could only be done directly from a
1172:
In Haiti universities, a licenciate (licencié(e)) is the holder of a licence, which is a four-year degree, equivalent to a bachelor's degree. There are two kinds of licence: general and professional.
2440:
The degree of Licentiate of Theology (LTh) is a theological qualification commonly awarded for ordinands and laymen studying theology in the United Kingdom, Malta, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
1821:
degree in that field of studies) and two additional years (second cycle) for specialization (but this could vary from one to three). In addition, there existed a third cycle, comprising PhD degrees (
981:
to write a thesis in order to graduate while others have to write a shorter, and less labor-intensive, monograph. The Licenciatura is one of the major University degree previous to doctoral studies.
318:
Notable exceptions to this development were the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and the universities modelled after them. As their locations were not the seats of bishops, the granting of the
1466:
studies ranging between four and six years. Students are required to write a thesis if studying in the liberal arts, law or science in order to graduate. Students in engineering typically complete
3357:
710:) exist. Study for a Belgian degree is very rigorous. Students in Belgian universities usually spend more than thirty hours a week on their studies, as opposed to the average of fifteen hours at
2014:
According to the Swiss University Conference, the joint organization of the cantons and the Confederation for university politics, and the Rectors' Conference of the Swiss Universities, the old
2518:, in order to create uniform standards across the European Union in university education. The resulting conclusions called for all European universities to change their degree programs to a
714:
universities. As a result of this, students in Belgium are able to complete their licentiate or master's degrees in four to five years, as opposed to the usual six at American institutions.
1089:. In contrast, a doctoral thesis requires 4â6 articles and must demonstrate original research. The program for a licentiate degree is equivalent to a total of two years of full-time study.
2966:
1013:. Licentiate degree holders are officially eligible for independent scientific research in Universities, and entitled to the right to supervise master's and licentiate degree theses.
941:
level of rigor. This is also the degree conferred to a practicing physician. The degree is not considered terminal, and it is not sufficient to be a rector of a private university.
2209:
section above.) Further, the licentiate degree also grants the holder the "licence" to teach at any Catholic university, seminary or pontifical faculty anywhere around the world.
1853:, until Bar membership requirements were changed to include a minimum amount of legal work experience and passing an exam), medicine, economics, and other regulated professions.
295:
should be granted to anyone deemed qualified to teach. This allowed the Church to progressively centralize its educational control, reducing the power of individual scholasters.
1789:
degree in the anglophone system. This degree is currently being phased out at Spanish universities, replaced by the 'Grado' and 'Master' system due to the implementation of the
1995:
was the equivalent of a master's degree (there being no prior degrees) and qualified the holder for doctoral studies. The degree names are followed by the field of study (e.g.
2052:(RQF). The Landscape Institute offers licentiate membership to those who have completed a bachelor's degree and a postgraduate diploma in the field of landscape architecture.
1897:
1517:
The "Licenciatura" in Peru is not considered an academic degree, but rather a "Professional Title" within a specific profession which allows you to work in positions outside
1872:, as the anglophone distinction between "undergraduate" and "postgraduate" degrees does not properly apply to the traditional higher-education system of Spain. Many Spanish
1833:, completion of the first cycle did not automatically lead to the award of a diploma. However, students could elect to study specialized three-year degrees from the outset (
2657:
1560:
is a degree that was introduced in Poland by the tertiary education reforms. The purpose of these reforms was to bring the Polish university system into line with the
1235:
is a general term denoting the first higher-education degree awarded at universities, varying from three to five years of study, depending on the field. It is thus an
1152:
as a single university degree (Lic.iur.) with a duration varying between five and eight years. For political reasons, this degree was discontinued, mainly because the
842:
3140:
2124:
The licentiate degree is a post-graduate, research degree, considered above the master's degree and below the research doctoral degree, conferred by authority of the
2110:
is awarded to students after five years of study. They are required to write a thesis and/or do an internship and/or develop a research project in order to graduate.
1446:
skill with the camera and in processing and presenting images. This is the first of three honours available the other two being Associate (APSNZ) and Fellow (FPSNZ).
902:
who have already completed a PhD. (The application for the LMS refers to it as a "licentiate" and not as a "license".) The degree is unusual in that licentiates from
1521:
and perform as an independent professional in the Republic of Peru. Most professions require the "Licenciatura" or "Professional Title" to be able to register with
2810:
1856:
The third cycle was sometimes called postgrado. Note, however, that the label "undergraduate" may be misleading to an anglophone audience, since while a Spanish
1306:
committed regarding the professional practice, including those in which an individual offers professional services without having the proper diploma or licence.
760:
apply for an oral examination. This evaluation is performed by Professors and or Researchers aiming to assess the student's professional knowledge and skills.
1266:. Statistics show that historically only about 60% of those graduating actually obtain the diploma. At the same time the diploma is awarded, a professional
353:, is a four to six-year degree with a required final thesis defence. Upon competition of the licentiate degree the student may be eligible to apply for a
3301:
3063:
2295:
3656:
3618:
3581:
3544:
2970:
755:. The Licenciatura degree allows its holder to teach disciplines both in primary and secondary education. Although durational requirements to obtain
3278:
As these Dutch titles were replaced with their corresponding international degrees, after the application of the Bologna process in the Netherlands.
2409:
1766:
1189:
part of the pathway towards registration to practice medicine in Hong Kong for those that graduated from medical schools outside of Hong Kong. The
2353:
exam, and completing a period of assessment. The licentiate doctors are represented by an independent, non-profit professional body, known as the
1761:
level, it is needed first to pass master's degree, then study for a year, after which the candidate need to defend the final specialist academic
2314:, and allow the bearer to practice medicine in the United Kingdom, and used to be recognised by some state medical boards in the United States.
3832:
2491:
2435:
2343:
2091:
2076:
812:
3191:
2252:
2170:
1849:
degree also provided direct access to professional practice or membership in professional associations such as Bar Associations for lawyers (
1814:
953:
degree. In Denmark, it has formally been replaced by the PhD degree. The proper doctorates in Denmark are considered higher degrees than the
2588:
1470:
which are additional post-degree requirements before graduating. Additionally, there are Nicaraguan universities that require an internship
3115:
2918:
831:
academic institutions, a Licentiate in Laws (LL.L.) is offered by some Canadian universities for the completion of studies equivalent to a
1627:
degrees that are now being awarded in Portugal and in almost all Europe with varying local designations, are usually three-year programs.
2236:
2844:
2479:(JCL) is similarly awarded at Pontifical universities and faculties. Other qualifications for canon law include an inter-denominational
1506:
In Peru, "Bachiller" is awarded automatically for having completed all the courses required for obtaining the first academic degree. In
3517:
2862:
1322:
3246:
1207:
887:
310:
on the one hand and the bachelor, master and doctor degrees on the other began to fade. In the continental European universities the
3089:
1017:
research training in the 1980s, now requiring only two years of study after Masters graduation. The licentiate's degree is called a
2682:
2281:
1318:
1741:), but also there are two semi-levels of specialization. Between 1st and 2nd level are professional master's degree studies (Ser.
522:. Each of those two levels required at least two years (four semesters) of successful study. Licentiates were required to write a
3166:
2354:
2350:
2263:
2158:
1190:
2883:
107:
2288:
79:
2613:
1406:), in which case the study plan integrates coursework from the master's program, and may take up to five years to complete.
1262:). Obtaining the diploma means the student completely concluded his or her studies, and has the right of using the title of
2366:
2267:
2197:
864:
60:
3420:
3288:
1655:
Engineering branches, entailing a total of 5 to 6 years of post-secondary studies) or to prepare a student for his or her
861:
which is part of the baccalaureate, licentiate, and doctorate theological degree course within the Roman Catholic Church.
2654:
2041:
2024:
stated that they consider the Swiss licenciate as equivalent to a master's degree, though they state it is not the same.
374:
86:
3390:
1213:
Licentiate Certified Physician and Surgeon (LCPS) was a recognized medical qualification in India before 1946, when the
1045:(Licentiate of Theology) etc., depending on the faculty. Furthermore, the requisite degree for a physician's licence is
249:), meaning "permission to practice", signifying someone who holds a certificate of competence to practise a profession.
3171:
Regulatory Law for the 5th Article in the Constitution, relative to the practice of professions in the Federal District
3020:
2193:
2177:
2090:
In music, a licentiate is the qualification which follows the diploma and is offered by Trinity College London (LTCL),
2049:
1193:
is an independent, non-profit professional body formed to help candidates with the challenges of attaining the LMCHK.
3862:
3213:
2744:
2716:
2494:
also awards the Licentiate in the History of the Church, and the Licentiate in the Cultural Patrimony of the Church.
1893:
845:
by examination, which may be undertaken within ten years of receiving an MA from the Department of Philosophy at the
126:
3167:"Ley Reglamaentaria del ArtĂculo 5Âș Constitucional, relativo al ejercicio de las profesiones en el Distrito Federal"
2318:
2219:
2134:
1210:, the Association of Mutual Funds of India, and the Diploma Examination Board of the government of Andhra Pradesh.
93:
17:
1841:âtechnical engineering), which, after successful completion, would give access to the second cycle of a number of
3571:
2154:
1935:
degrees, and graduates from the old system may have to study additional courses to transform their degree into a
3510:
2944:
2634:
2507:
2371:
2162:
1825:, which included one or two years of research oriented courses and the completion of a thesis towards the same
1647:
64:
3309:
3067:
75:
3413:"Qualifications â Courses â The Institute of Heraldic and Genealogical Studies. The School of Family History"
2511:
2444:
2427:
2150:
2142:
2033:
868:
858:
385:
2098:(LLCM); candidates may choose to specialize in performance or teaching, depending on the examination board.
373:
Currently the only institutions in Australia to grant licentiates, apart from theological colleges, are the
3798:
1631:
1203:
2321:
was a similar qualifying medical diploma awarded externally in Dublin until recognition was lost in 1968.
1781:
degree was one of the major higher-education degrees previous to doctoral studies, and is equivalent to a
1325:, may forgo the thesis in exchange for demonstrating professional experience, research work, or excellent
849:. This licentiate, a pontifical degree, qualifies graduates to teach philosophy at a seminary or college.
3567:
2911:"Convenio para crear una nomenclatura de grados y tĂtulos de la EducaciĂłn Superior Universitaria Estatal"
2256:
2011:, the degree has now been replaced by master's degrees (with bachelor's degrees being newly introduced).
1907:
After the Bologna process, all official university degrees will fall into one of these three categories:
1765:
which is a document describing a research in the scientific and professional area, winning additional 60
1246:
In Mexico, a distinction is made between simply passing all the required courses, just being a graduate (
910:
857:
that enables the recipient to practice as a canon lawyer within the Roman Catholic Church, as well as a
803:
can be obtained concomitantly, by simultaneously fulfilling requirements for both the degrees (e.g. the
156:
3857:
3503:
2469:
2240:
2181:
1619:. In the past, a master's degree would add 2 more years to the 4 to 6 years of the old undergraduate
1959:
holders will by default be in the A2 level (the second highest), while A1 (the highest) will be for
1623:
programs, thus taking 6 to 8 years of post-secondary education to obtain a master's degree. The new
3636:
3183:
1522:
1490:
This degree is awarded upon completion of four years of study in a specific field of study â e.g.,
711:
160:
2840:
1098:
389:(STL) and doctorate (STD). It is the licentiate that licences faculty to teach in seminaries. See
3563:
2476:
2431:
2311:
2294:
Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow (LRCPSG) is awarded by the
2274:
2146:
2138:
2095:
1611:, which were awarded before and after the Bologna's reforms, respectively. The length of the old
949:
The licentiate was formerly awarded in Denmark and Norway, and was roughly equal to the American
899:
854:
315:
career would forgo the doctorate, and as a result the licentiate became the common final degree.
53:
3119:
2910:
688:
Licentiaat-doctorandus in de TEW (Toegepaste Economische Wetenschappen) en in Beleidsinformatica
3609:
3445:
3386:
2423:
2398:
2307:
2201:
2061:
2045:
1498:(Postgraduate of Tertiary Education), which may be obtained before or after a master's degree.
876:
394:
354:
100:
1892:
in 2014 establishing the official equivalences between the Spanish pre-Bologna titles and the
3670:
2448:
2119:
1371:, while more specific titles and prefixes are used for other professionals such as engineer (
903:
891:
850:
838:
832:
768:
188:
2858:
2273:
Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery of the Society of Apothecaries (LMSSA) is awarded by the
3784:
3740:
3646:
3632:
3590:
3535:
2762:
The First Universities â Studium Generale and the Origins of University Education in Europe
2565:
2555:
2540:
2535:
2519:
2492:
Faculty of the History and the Cultural Patrimony of the Church at the Gregorian University
1889:
1861:
1728:
1696:
1659:
research or work permit from the regulatory and licensing body for profession in Portugal.
1651:
1565:
1418:
1326:
1125:
1002:
931:
846:
796:
31:
3254:
2378:
Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland (LRCPI) or (L & LM, RCPI) and
989:
671:
275:
ordering all bishops to make provisions for the teaching of liberal arts. Chancellors and
8:
3775:
3093:
2056:
2044:
Licentiateship is awarded to those who achieve a level 4 Professional Recognition Award.
1790:
1226:
1149:
1104:
998:
776:
748:
258:
2877:"Licentiate in Mediaeval Studies Application, Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies"
2775:
2674:
2243:
before they are eligible to apply for licensure in the province or territory concerned.
764:
141:
3702:
3627:
2550:
2523:
2484:
2452:
1869:
1732:
1616:
1475:
1474:) prior to graduation. The Licenciatura is the degree that segues candidates into both
1391:
1141:
1006:
970:
926:
549:
441:
358:
288:
184:
3141:"EstadĂsticas de EducaciĂłn. EducaciĂłn BĂĄsica, Media Superior y Superior. EdiciĂłn 2005"
2129:
licentiate." The licentiate may be conferred in any of the sacred sciences, including
1963:
holders with additional requirements (such as a master's or a doctorate, or a special
3794:
3558:
2876:
2740:
2712:
2487:), though this degree would not have canonical effects in the Roman Catholic Church.
2381:
Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (LRCSI) or (L & LM, RCSI).
2280:
Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (LRCPE) is awarded by the
2130:
1900:
stating the equivalence of a given pre-Bologna title to the new Bologna levels. Most
1574:
1291:
1217:
effectively made the MBBS the sole entry point into the medical profession in India.
1010:
977:
is awarded to students after studies of four to six years. Some universities require
287:
before granting a license to teach. In response to these escalating abuses of power,
180:
2287:
Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (LRCSEd) is awarded by the
1282:. Some professions do not require the professional credential, but for others, like
751:, as it requires students to take more credits for the completion of a professional
3824:
3780:
3697:
3553:
2560:
2387:
1877:
1643:
1034:
958:
895:
744:
362:
272:
264:
1544:(Licentiate in Pharmacy and Biochemistry) in their certificates. Instead they use
663:
3819:
3803:
3765:
3750:
3717:
3527:
3147:
2661:
2545:
2515:
2008:
1680:
1639:
1600:
1561:
1410:
1399:
1299:
1214:
1120:
1024:
603:
519:
433:
176:
384:
The Catholic Institute of Sydney is a Pontifical Faculty and as such offers the
3789:
3745:
3712:
3595:
3412:
2732:
2503:
2480:
2457:
2068:, commonly referred to as the Dip TESOL, an advanced teaching qualification in
1692:
1688:
1368:
595:
425:
3152:
Statistics on Education. Basic, Mid-level, and Higher Education. Edition 2005.
2460:, and the writing and successful defense of the doctoral dissertation for the
1615:
programs would range from four to six years and are now equivalent to the new
925:, a licentiate belongs to the second level of education (grade), lower than a
3851:
3382:
2908:
2065:
1818:
1782:
1719:, which was awarded after one year of postgraduate studies and finishing the
1463:
1236:
906:
are usually a precursor to a doctorate, and not a post-doctoral achievement.
477:
196:
3495:
1695:
level. Now, after the Bologna process, the Romanian licence is similar to a
3707:
3441:
1426:
1153:
872:
800:
390:
268:
146:
3221:
1057:, "Doctor of Medicine" is a traditional professor's degree, or a research
3770:
2189:
1984:
1786:
1684:
1295:
2995:
2592:
2417:
2166:
2080:
2021:
1712:
1287:
1267:
1157:
922:
413:
276:
3247:"Groningen : 1 September 2008 : Kenmerk KS/D&L/22553/07"
2048:
formerly awarded licentiates, which were accredited at Level 6 of the
1747:) and between 2nd and 3rd level are academic specialist studies (Ser.
472:
in French. It was the second level of university study, after that of
3665:
2899:
Piano: Licentiate Diploma in Piano Performance Syllabus, 2015 Edition
1455:
1058:
784:
683:
336:
279:
exercised a high degree of control over who could teach within their
3214:"Groningen : 5 December 2007 : Kenmerk KS/D&L/4406/07"
2940:
2149:
and Catholic Universities with Ecclesiastical Faculties such as the
1967:
such as Medicine that is in many aspects equivalent to a master's).
1880:
into English, use the formula BA+MA (or BSc+MSc) to indicate that a
1683:
was of application) which have been recognized as meester (mr.) and
42:
2303:
2125:
1584:
1580:
1518:
1337:
1283:
3305:
1333:
1279:
1255:
1240:
1148:. Until the 1990s, the degree was offered as a law degree at the
978:
937:
788:
780:
723:
410:
2443:
A qualification similar to the LTh is the two-year postgraduate
2349:
awarded after such doctors undergo careful vetting, passing the
1564:. It is typically a three- or four-year degree, equivalent to a
1507:
1274:) may be obtained from the National Directorate of Professions (
3755:
3722:
3641:
3361:
2262:
Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons (LRCS), previously
2185:
1762:
1723:
1708:
1676:
1430:
1398:). In exceptional cases, the recipient may apply directly to a
1321:, may still require the thesis, while others, like the federal
1310:
1303:
1145:
828:
792:
523:
284:
192:
1904:(if not all) have been placed in level 7 (Master) of the EQF.
670:, which is the result of third level study and research, is a
271:
in episcopal schools during the 11th and 12th centuries, with
3173:, last reform 22 December 1993, law published on 26 May 1945.
2465:
378:
215:
200:
1128:. There are two kinds of licence: general and professional.
2917:(in Spanish). Consejo Nacional de Rectores. pp. 1, 4.
2394:
2084:
1345:
1278:), which serves as a licence to practice and as a national
298:
Originally, for the student in the medieval university the
3461:
306:
Over time however, this distinction in nature between the
206:
The term is also used for a person who holds this degree.
2461:
2069:
2018:
is considered equivalent to the current master's degree.
1791:
Bologna Declaration on the European higher education area
1656:
1511:
1479:
1425:, however, should never be confused with a more advanced
1341:
1124:), which is a three-year degree, roughly equivalent to a
954:
950:
2113:
1943:
will be the equivalent of the old intermediate degrees:
1679:. There are some Romanian licences (obtained before the
1667:
In Romania, before the Bologna process, a licence (Rom.
267:
of the Catholic Church led to an increased focus on the
1603:
in the mid-2000s, in Portugal the licentiate's degree (
3487:
FacoltĂ della Storia e dei Beni Culturali della Chiesa
2811:"Sapientia Christiana (April 15, 1979) â John Paul II"
2805:
2803:
1363:
before the name). However, it is mostly common to use
2365:
In Dublin, students at the School of Medicine of the
700:
Licentiaat in de Handels- en Financiële Wetenschappen
3045:
2418:
Theology, canon law, history, and cultural patrimony
2235:
A medical graduate must obtain the qualification of
225:, "to be allowed"), which is applied in the phrases
2909:Oficina de PlanificaciĂłn de la EducaciĂłn Superior.
2800:
2296:
Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow
2225:
1947:engineers will have the responsibilities of former
1896:(EQF) levels. This royal decree also describes the
1298:, it is mandatory by law. The law also establishes
993:
Cover page of a licentiate dissertation from Sweden
502:in French. The years spent to obtain the degree of
456:in French. The years spent to obtain the degree of
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2589:"Equivalence of Diploma and Master's degree title"
1800:academic degree is academically equivalent to the
779:should include, in addition to specific topics of
544:system is now being replaced by an American-style
179:present in many countries, representing different
1898:procedure for applying for a personal certificate
3849:
2410:Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development
1540:as a prefix before the professional title, e.g.
1532:Nowadays, some universities do not use the word
1348:to finally be awarded the professional licence.
3302:"Ăquivalence entre licence / diplĂŽme et master"
2764:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 242â270.
2737:On Theology: Herman Bavinck's Academic Orations
2171:Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas,
1591:is a degree between that of master and doctor.
811:degrees in Biological Sciences, offered by the
322:was by proxy, and its significance faded away.
3833:Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)
3066:. Insurance Institute of India. Archived from
2731:
2436:History Curriculum at the Gregorian University
2344:Licentiate of the Medical Council of Hong Kong
2182:Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas
2145:(STL), or the Licentiate of Philosophy (PhL).
2092:Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music
2077:Institute of Heraldic and Genealogical Studies
1417:has the equivalent qualifications of a 3-year
813:Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais
3525:
3511:
3046:"The Medical Licentiate Society of Hong Kong"
2778:. Ministerio de Education Republica Argentina
2706:
2253:Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians
1951:. Lawyers will need a master's degree, not a
1748:
1742:
1736:
1076:
1066:
1028:
1018:
344:
2275:Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London
620:
577:
534:
3466:The Medical Licentiate Society of Hong Kong
3050:The Medical Licentiate Society of Hong Kong
2702:
2700:
2237:Licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada
1332:By their nature, some disciplines, such as
1313:was the only method to obtain the diploma (
1049:; there is no master's degree. (The degree
743:is a professional degree distinct from the
612:
571:
527:
150:
3518:
3504:
3134:
1646:. It is also the first degree used in the
1599:Due to the developments introduced by the
27:Academic degree similar to master's degree
3485:Pontificia UniversitĂ Gregoriana (2007),
3064:"Welcome to Insurance Institute of India"
2996:"The Medical Council of Hong Kong â Home"
2583:
2581:
2506:organized the Bologna Convention for the
1868:is comparable in scope to a postgraduate
1351:In Mexico, every graduate who obtained a
1317:). Nowadays, some universities, like the
1231:As in many Latin American countries, the
1208:Institute of Company Secretaries of India
888:Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
3184:"Grados y tĂtulos â Universidad de Lima"
2943:. Utbildningsdepartementet. 9 May 2012.
2759:
2697:
2395:Licenciate of the Royal Academy of Music
2282:Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
2161:, Pontifical Athenaeum of Sant'Anselmo,
1987:universities, until the adoption of the
1319:National Autonomous University of Mexico
988:
140:
3358:"Register of Recognised Qualifications"
2264:Member of the Royal College of Surgeons
2159:Pontifical University of the Holy Cross
1687:(drs.) in the Netherlands, i.e. at the
1243:to practice in the learned profession.
765:Brazilian National Council of Education
694:, more specific abbreviations, such as
14:
3850:
3162:
3160:
2821:from the original on 20 September 2012
2709:A Companion to Twelfth-Century Schools
2578:
2319:Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall (LAH)
2306:diplomas were latterly awarded by the
2289:Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
1061:, with licentiate as a prerequisite.)
690:. Apart from the general abbreviation
646:(philosophy and theology, abbreviated
634:(philosophy and theology, abbreviated
440:) holds the equivalent education of a
325:
237:), meaning "permission to teach", and
3499:
3393:from the original on 31 December 2016
3118:. Bharatiya Vayu Sena. Archived from
2990:
2988:
2865:from the original on 26 January 2018.
2114:Pontifical universities and faculties
1927:will take one year more than the old
1542:Licenciado/a en Farmacia y BioquĂmica
1355:diploma is technically and legally a
1276:DirecciĂłn General de Profesiones, DGP
1254:), and actually obtaining the degree
1119:
984:
964:
944:
30:"PhL" redirects here. For other, see
3338:from the original on 7 November 2016
2790:
2472:(an additional two to three years).
2367:Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
2268:Royal College of Surgeons of England
2198:University of Saint Mary of the Lake
1988:
1390:qualifies the recipient to pursue a
1309:For a number of years, presenting a
1140:holds the equivalent education of a
865:Regis College, University of Toronto
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
3194:from the original on 9 October 2017
3157:
2889:from the original on 30 April 2017.
2847:from the original on 25 March 2016.
2167:Pontifical University of Antonianum
2042:City and Guilds of London Institute
1911:(Bachelor), Master or Doctor. Most
1860:may be likened to an undergraduate
1715:region, the name of the degree was
1523:professional association or society
375:Australian Music Examinations Board
24:
3423:from the original on 22 March 2018
2985:
2921:from the original on 21 April 2016
2497:
2194:The Catholic University of America
2178:Pontifical University of Salamanca
2050:Regulated Qualifications Framework
1492:Licenciatura de Docencia en inglés
898:(LMS) as a degree exclusively for
25:
3874:
3332:"Professional Recognition Awards"
2685:from the original on 30 July 2017
2483:program at least one university (
2027:
1939:. Nevertheless, in most aspects,
1894:European Qualifications Framework
1750:specijalistiÄke akademske studije
1744:specijalistiÄke strukovne studije
2947:from the original on 15 May 2012
2246:
2226:Medicine, surgery and obstetrics
2220:Royal Heraldry Society of Canada
1888:The Spanish government issued a
1607:) may refer to both old and new
1164:qualification instead of a PhD.
763:For instance, as defined by the
41:
3572:Certificate of Higher Education
3479:
3454:
3435:
3405:
3375:
3350:
3324:
3294:
3281:
3272:
3239:
3206:
3176:
3108:
3082:
3056:
3038:
3013:
2959:
2933:
2902:
2893:
2869:
2851:
2833:
2614:"Master Licentiate equivalency"
2155:Pontifical Gregorian University
1099:Bachelor's degree § France
52:needs additional citations for
2859:"Licence in Mediaeval Studies"
2768:
2753:
2725:
2667:
2648:
2627:
2606:
2508:European Higher Education Area
2390:was the most recent to do so.
2372:National University of Ireland
2337:
2163:Pontifical Salesian University
1978:
1829:diploma). When studying for a
1648:European Higher Education Area
1440:
708:Licentiaat in de Tandheelkunde
259:Academic degree § History
13:
1:
3489:, Rome: Gregoriana PublicitĂ .
2735:(2020). Bruce R. Pass (ed.).
2571:
2514:, more commonly known as the
2512:Lisbon Recognition Convention
2445:Licentiate of Sacred Theology
2428:Licentiate of Sacred Theology
2151:Pontifical Lateran University
2143:Licentiate of Sacred Theology
2034:University of Wales, Lampeter
1496:Posgrado de Docencia Superior
1462:is awarded to students after
916:
869:Licentiate in Sacred Theology
859:Licentiate in Sacred Theology
386:Licentiate of Sacred Theology
3462:"Process of attaining LMCHK"
3154:Statistics for the year 2002
3116:"BY THE OLD MOULMEIN PAGODA"
2635:"Attestation of Equivalence"
2101:
1449:
1433:"Licenciate of Technology" (
1204:Insurance Institute of India
1183:
1136:In Germany, a person titled
1037:(Licentiate of Philosophy),
368:
330:
209:
7:
3568:Diploma of Higher Education
3090:"Enrolment as a licentiate"
2707:CĂ©dric Giraud, ed. (2019).
2529:
2447:(STL), available from many
2257:Royal College of Physicians
2230:
2212:
2206:
2066:Licentiate Diploma in TESOL
1650:, and is also designated a
1642:awarded by institutions of
1632:Portuguese higher education
1594:
911:Royal Conservatory of Music
783:, contents in the areas of
682:in the Netherlands. At the
678:was also equivalent to the
10:
3879:
2969:. Chalmers. Archived from
2841:"Licentiate in Philosophy"
2675:"Definition of LICENTIATE"
2664:Accessed 16 September 2012
2655:Oxford Living Dictionaries
2421:
2360:
2341:
2328:
2117:
2007:, etc.). In line with the
1662:
1572:often go on to complete a
1224:
1131:
1096:
717:
686:there used to be a degree
404:
379:St Cecilia School of Music
349:), by which one becomes a
256:
252:
191:and other universities in
157:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
29:
3812:
3731:
3690:
3683:
3655:
3617:
3608:
3580:
3543:
3534:
3021:"Hong Kong e-Legislation"
2711:. Brill. pp. 30â50.
2266:(MRCS) is awarded by the
2255:(LRCP) is awarded by the
2241:Medical Council of Canada
1955:. And in public service,
1876:, when translating their
1702:
1551:
1485:
1413:in Europe, virtually any
1220:
1092:
1071:, usually abbreviated as
827:is not generally used by
818:
734:
183:. It may be similar to a
3863:Education in Switzerland
1772:
1568:. Students completing a
1323:institutes of technology
1196:
1167:
843:Licentiate in Philosophy
662:are to be considered as
573:Doctor in de geneeskunde
240:licentia ad practicandum
221:, "freedom" (from Latin
161:University of Strasbourg
76:"Licentiate" degree
3564:Higher National Diploma
2760:Pedersen, Olaf (1997).
2477:Licentiate of Canon Law
2449:Pontifical universities
2432:Licentiate of Canon Law
2312:General Medical Council
2147:Pontifical universities
2139:Licentiate of Canon Law
2096:London College of Music
2072:at Level 7 of the NQF.
1501:
1239:degree, and requires a
1030:filosofian lisensiaatti
904:Pontifical institutions
855:Licentiate in Canon Law
664:professional doctorates
626:in French, abbreviated
582:in French, abbreviated
562:in French, abbreviated
529:licentiaatsverhandeling
486:in French, abbreviated
189:pontifical universities
3446:Apostolic Constitution
3387:Trinity College London
2967:"Degree of Licentiate"
2660:21 August 2014 at the
2424:Licentiate of Theology
2399:Royal Academy of Music
2308:United Examining Board
2200:in Mundelein, IL, and
2062:Trinity College London
2046:Trinity College London
1839:arquitecturas técnicas
1749:
1743:
1737:
1472:(internado or pasantĂa
1078:tekniikan lisensiaatti
1077:
1067:
1047:licentiat/lisensiaatti
1043:teologian lisensiaatti
1029:
1019:
994:
877:apostolic constitution
621:
613:
578:
572:
535:
528:
395:apostolic constitution
345:
214:The term derives from
164:
151:
3671:Candidate of Sciences
3289:Landenmodule Roemenie
2739:. Brill. p. 82.
2120:Pontifical university
2118:Further information:
1975:to doctoral studies.
1367:for graduates of the
1111:) is the holder of a
992:
900:postdoctoral students
892:University of Toronto
867:offers the degree of
851:Saint Paul University
841:offers the degree of
839:Saint Paul University
833:Bachelor of Civil Law
769:Ministry of Education
638:) were equivalent to
291:demanded that a free
144:
3741:Academic certificate
3633:Postgraduate diploma
3449:Sapientia Christiana
3312:on 28 September 2011
3146:13 June 2011 at the
2941:"Högskoleförordning"
2566:Undergraduate degree
2541:Doctor of Philosophy
2536:All but dissertation
2453:Pontifical faculties
1757:life. To get to the
1587:-regulated degrees,
1583:faculties which use
1546:QuĂmico FarmacĂ©utico
1435:Teknologie Licentiat
1429:degree, such as the
1068:Teknologie Licentiat
1051:lÀÀketieteen tohtori
1003:Finnish universities
894:offers a License in
881:Sapientia Christiana
847:University of Ottawa
666:, whereas the title
654:. The former titles
650:) was equivalent to
614:Doctor in de rechten
556:Burgerlijk ingenieur
542:candidate-licentiate
399:Sapientia Christiana
246:licentia practicandi
61:improve this article
32:PHL (disambiguation)
3776:Professional degree
3334:. City and Guilds.
3052:. 13 December 2019.
3025:elegislation.gov.hk
2679:merriam-webster.com
2196:in Washington, DC,
2057:College of Teachers
1949:Ingenieros técnicos
1851:Colegio de Abogados
1769:for overall study.
1630:Since 2006, in the
1527:Colegio Profesional
1227:Education in Mexico
1150:Saarland University
1105:French universities
1020:filosofie licentiat
777:Biological Sciences
749:Bachelor of Science
579:Docteur en médecine
355:postgraduate degree
326:Regional variations
234:licentia doctorandi
3703:Doctor of Sciences
3070:on 3 December 2011
2408:Licentiate of the
2397:is awarded by the
2355:Licentiate Society
1989:Bologna Convention
1933:IngenierĂa TĂ©cnica
1272:cédula profesional
1260:tĂtulo profesional
1191:Licentiate Society
1075:, and in Finnish,
1039:teologie licentiat
995:
985:Finland and Sweden
971:Dominican Republic
965:Dominican Republic
945:Denmark and Norway
630:, until 1972) and
568:Doctor of Medicine
536:mémoire de licence
416:, a person titled
289:Pope Alexander III
181:educational levels
165:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3795:Specialist degree
3679:
3678:
3647:Engineer's degree
3604:
3603:
3591:Bachelor's degree
3559:Foundation degree
2556:Bachelor's degree
2520:bachelor's degree
2016:Lizentiat/licence
1993:Lizentiat/licence
1862:Bachelor's degree
1735:and 3. PhD (Ser.
1713:former Yugoslavia
1697:Bachelor's degree
1652:Bachelor's degree
1566:bachelor's degree
1419:bachelor's degree
1409:According to the
1379:), or biologist (
1292:civil engineering
1126:bachelor's degree
1081:, abbreviated as
1011:Magister's degree
959:higher doctorates
932:bachelor's degree
896:Mediaeval Studies
797:Bachelor's degree
540:in French). This
343:degree (Spanish:
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
3870:
3858:Academic degrees
3781:Graduate diploma
3698:Higher doctorate
3688:
3687:
3615:
3614:
3554:Associate degree
3541:
3540:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3497:
3496:
3490:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3458:
3452:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3308:. Archived from
3298:
3292:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3260:on 25 March 2016
3259:
3253:. Archived from
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3227:on 25 March 2016
3226:
3220:. Archived from
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3180:
3174:
3164:
3155:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3092:. Archived from
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2992:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2973:on 18 April 2013
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2881:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2807:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2704:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2671:
2665:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2585:
2561:Associate degree
2388:Rotunda Hospital
2133:, philosophy or
1752:
1746:
1740:
1644:higher education
1617:Master's degrees
1377:Arquitecto, Arq.
1123:
1121:[liËsĂŁs]
1118:
1107:, a licenciate (
1080:
1070:
1032:
1022:
745:Bachelor of Arts
672:higher doctorate
624:
622:Docteur en droit
616:
581:
575:
538:
531:
348:
320:licentia docendi
300:licentia docendi
293:licentia docendi
281:locus magisterii
273:Pope Gregory VII
265:Gregorian Reform
228:licentia docendi
154:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
18:Licentia docendi
3878:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3837:
3820:Honorary degree
3808:
3804:Terminal degree
3766:Magister degree
3751:External degree
3733:
3727:
3675:
3651:
3628:Master's degree
3600:
3576:
3530:
3528:academic degree
3524:
3494:
3493:
3484:
3480:
3470:
3468:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3440:
3436:
3426:
3424:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3396:
3394:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3366:
3364:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3341:
3339:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3315:
3313:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3251:Members.home.nl
3245:
3244:
3240:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3218:Members.home.nl
3212:
3211:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3165:
3158:
3148:Wayback Machine
3139:
3135:
3125:
3123:
3122:on 9 March 2009
3114:
3113:
3109:
3099:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3029:
3027:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3004:
3002:
2994:
2993:
2986:
2976:
2974:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2950:
2948:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2924:
2922:
2907:
2903:
2898:
2894:
2886:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2824:
2822:
2809:
2808:
2801:
2795:
2791:
2781:
2779:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2758:
2754:
2747:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2705:
2698:
2688:
2686:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2662:Wayback Machine
2653:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2587:
2586:
2579:
2574:
2551:Master's degree
2546:Graduate degree
2532:
2524:master's degree
2516:Bologna Process
2500:
2498:Bologna Process
2438:
2422:Main articles:
2420:
2363:
2346:
2340:
2331:
2249:
2233:
2228:
2215:
2122:
2116:
2104:
2030:
2009:Bologna Process
2001:lic. Ăšs lettres
1981:
1870:Master's degree
1775:
1705:
1681:Bologna process
1665:
1601:Bologna Process
1597:
1554:
1504:
1488:
1452:
1443:
1411:Bologna process
1400:doctoral degree
1392:master's degree
1386:In Mexico, the
1373:Ingeniero, Ing.
1369:social sciences
1327:academic grades
1229:
1223:
1215:Bhore Committee
1202:limited to the
1199:
1186:
1170:
1142:Master's degree
1134:
1116:
1101:
1095:
1055:medicine doktor
1007:Master's degree
987:
967:
947:
927:master's degree
919:
823:While the term
821:
737:
720:
606:, after 1992),
586:, until 1992),
560:Ingénieur civil
546:bachelor-master
442:master's degree
407:
371:
333:
328:
285:expensive gifts
261:
255:
212:
187:when issued by
185:master's degree
177:academic degree
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3876:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3843:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3822:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3792:
3790:Higher diploma
3787:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3746:Artist diploma
3743:
3737:
3735:
3734:classification
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3694:
3692:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3662:
3660:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3630:
3624:
3622:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3596:Honours degree
3593:
3587:
3585:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3523:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3500:
3492:
3491:
3478:
3453:
3434:
3404:
3374:
3349:
3323:
3293:
3280:
3271:
3238:
3205:
3175:
3169:(in Spanish).
3156:
3150:(in Spanish).
3133:
3107:
3096:on 10 May 2012
3081:
3055:
3037:
3012:
2984:
2958:
2932:
2901:
2892:
2868:
2850:
2832:
2799:
2789:
2767:
2752:
2745:
2733:Herman Bavinck
2724:
2717:
2696:
2666:
2647:
2626:
2605:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2531:
2528:
2504:European Union
2499:
2496:
2475:The degree of
2419:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2406:
2402:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2362:
2359:
2342:Main article:
2339:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2300:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2260:
2248:
2245:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2214:
2211:
2180:in Spain, the
2137:, such as the
2115:
2112:
2103:
2100:
2029:
2028:United Kingdom
2026:
1980:
1977:
1777:In Spain, the
1774:
1771:
1704:
1701:
1664:
1661:
1596:
1593:
1562:Bologna system
1553:
1550:
1503:
1500:
1487:
1484:
1451:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1421:. The Mexican
1381:BiĂłlogo, Biol.
1375:), architect (
1222:
1219:
1198:
1195:
1185:
1182:
1169:
1166:
1133:
1130:
1094:
1091:
986:
983:
966:
963:
946:
943:
918:
915:
853:also offers a
820:
817:
736:
733:
719:
716:
674:. The Belgian
551:Civil engineer
436:, abbreviated
406:
403:
370:
367:
332:
329:
327:
324:
254:
251:
211:
208:
135:
134:
117:September 2011
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3875:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3642:Diplom degree
3640:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3536:Undergraduate
3533:
3529:
3521:
3516:
3514:
3509:
3507:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3488:
3482:
3467:
3463:
3457:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3438:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3378:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3290:
3284:
3275:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3172:
3168:
3163:
3161:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3137:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3026:
3022:
3016:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2972:
2968:
2962:
2946:
2942:
2936:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2905:
2896:
2885:
2878:
2872:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2793:
2777:
2771:
2763:
2756:
2748:
2746:9789004442016
2742:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2720:
2718:9789004410138
2714:
2710:
2703:
2701:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2651:
2636:
2630:
2615:
2609:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2582:
2577:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2502:In 2003, the
2495:
2493:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2368:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2345:
2335:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2247:Great Britain
2244:
2242:
2238:
2223:
2221:
2210:
2208:
2203:
2202:Regis College
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2176:in Rome, the
2175:
2174:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2121:
2111:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1902:Licenciaturas
1899:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1843:Licenciaturas
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1785:degree and a
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1638:is the first
1637:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1609:Licenciaturas
1606:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1579:s degree. In
1578:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1464:undergraduate
1461:
1457:
1447:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1359:(abbreviated
1358:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1237:undergraduate
1234:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1194:
1192:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1127:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
991:
982:
980:
976:
972:
962:
960:
956:
952:
942:
939:
935:
933:
928:
924:
914:
912:
907:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
834:
830:
826:
816:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
761:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
732:
729:
725:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
623:
617:
615:
609:
608:Doctor of Law
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
574:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
552:
547:
543:
539:
537:
532:in Dutch and
530:
525:
521:
517:
514:in Dutch and
513:
509:
505:
501:
498:in Dutch and
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
480:
475:
471:
468:in Dutch and
467:
463:
459:
455:
452:in Dutch and
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
412:
402:
400:
396:
392:
387:
382:
380:
376:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
342:
338:
323:
321:
316:
313:
309:
304:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
260:
250:
248:
247:
242:
241:
236:
235:
230:
229:
224:
220:
217:
207:
204:
202:
198:
197:Latin America
194:
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