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1329:, where the Germans destroyed the local bridge to prevent them from crossing the fjord. Two companies were able to cross the fjord further south, where the gap was only 150–200 meters wide. The 10th Guards Division had advanced within 10 kilometers south of Kirkenes, securing the iron ore mines where many civilians were sheltering. The 28th Rifle Regiment was detached from the Guards division to cut off a potential German escape around the Langfjord, as the forces originally assigned with this task were low on supplies. Soviet air reconnaissance noticed German columns withdrawing from Kirkenes towards
1541:. On 15 February, in the only direct military action undertaken by the Western Allies (other than Norway) during the campaign, one Canadian and three British destroyers rescued 502 men, women, and children from the island. By 1945 a group of Norwegian militiamen began operating on the island, ambushing German patrols while trying to avoid destruction. Various skirmishes and raids between February and March result in the deaths of six militiamen, and the capture of 14 more. Six fishing vessels employed by the militia were destroyed in a German air attack. Several Germans were also killed on the island.
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1150:. Anticipating the end of World War II, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union signed an agreement with the Norwegians on 17 March 1944 concerning the administration of Norwegian territory should it be occupied by one of the other three parties. The agreement stipulated that military authorities would have ultimate control over civil administration as long as conflict persisted.
1314:
1255:, who served as both head of the 20th Mountain Army and overall theater commander, was aware of the threat posed by the upcoming offensive. Prior to the start of the Soviet attack, the defending Germans had been ordered to abandon Petsamo on 15 October, and Kirkenes by the beginning of November. To stall the Soviets, the Germans enacted a
1862:
611 russiske soldater mistet livet på norsk jord i felttoget som jaget tyskerne bort, og 1501 ble såret. De siste kampene mellom sovjetiske og tyske styrker sto i
Varangerbotn 6. november 1944. Russerne stoppet framrykningen i Rustefjelbma , og tyskerne flyktet videre mot Troms. Ingen norske soldater
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The
Norwegian troops sent rescue parties under Colonel Gunnar Johnson to assist civilians left stranded in scorched western Finnmark. By Christmas 1944, nearly 900 people had been successfully evacuated to liberated territory. In January 1945 he began making plans for a rescue operation on the island
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The German rearguard had hastily prepared a defense in Neiden on a ridge line. With the help of local fishermen, the
Soviets were able to cross the river on 27 October and capture the ridge. Fighting was fierce, and the Germans managed to burn every building in the village, save for the local church,
1422:
to the area to assist. The
Norwegians assembled under Colonel Dahl, with a military mission (for liaison with the Soviets and to reestablish civil administration in Norway), the 231 strong "Bergkompani 2" (2nd Mountain Company) under Major S. Rongstad, an area naval command with 11 men, and an "Area
1271:
The
Soviets attacked on 7 October. They captured Petsamo on 15 October, but due to supply problems, then had to halt the offensive for three days. Resuming on the 18th, they advanced down the Petsamo-Tarnet road, reaching the Norwegian border on the evening of 19 October. From here the Soviets would
1263:
were forcibly evacuated to southern Norway. Between 43,000 and 45,000 Norwegian civilians were forced out of
Finnmark. Rendulic claimed to have successfully evicted all but 200 Norwegians which he promised he would handle. In reality, between 20,000 and 25,000 civilians avoided relocation, including
1457:
The Soviet commander at the front, Lieutenant
General Shcherbakov, wished for the Norwegians to be deployed to the front lines as soon as possible. Too small to cover the front themselves, the Norwegians enlisted local volunteers, putting them into hastily formed "guard companies" armed with Soviet
1352:
On 26 October the 10th Rifle
Division captured a German airfield 15 kilometers west of Kirkenes. The 28th Rifle Regiment arrived at Highway 50 in Munkelv that morning, only to find German units were still retreating through the area. Fighting ensued, and the Soviets summarily blocked off the road,
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The civilian population was the group most affected by the campaign. The
Germans, in pursuance of their scorched earth strategy, destroyed thousands of houses, barns, sheds, and businesses, along with much of Finnmark's infrastructure. Almost all of Kirkenes, Hammerfest,
1333:. Fires and explosions were seen in the town itself, as the withdrawing Germans had set the town ablaze as part of a scorched earth campaign. The 10th Guards Division reached the southern outskirts of the town by 03:00 25 October and engaged the withdrawing Germans.
1645:
There have been two modern celebrations of the
Finnmark liberation in Kirkenes. On 25 October 2014 Norway celebrated the 70th anniversary and on 25 October 2019 the 75th anniversary was celebrated. Among those present for both ceremonies were
1248:, which had been sheltering around 2,000 German soldiers. Hammerfest was bombed a second time on 29 August. Heavily damaged, what remained of the settlements would be almost entirely destroyed during the German withdrawal in following months.
1336:
The Soviet forces at Elvenes attempted once again to cross the Bøkfjord at around 05:00. The Germans withstood the assault for about an hour before being forced to retreat by direct attack and heavy artillery bombardment. Using amphibious
1532:
deployed landing parties to destroy the town a second time. Some townspeople managed to arm themselves and hold off the Germans long enough for the bulk of the population to escape. 17 people were captured and forced to evacuate.
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and three minesweepers were dispatched from Loch Ewe as part of Convoy JW 62 with 2,000 tons of supplies to assist the Norwegian forces in Finnmark. They reached Kola Inlet without incident on 7 December. On 14 December the
1544:
Elsewhere the Norwegians assisted the locals and dealt with the occasional German raid. Bergkompani 2 lost four men while retaking Finnmark. On 26 April 1945 the Norwegians declared Finnmark to be free. By the time of the
1508:
One of the first undertakings of the Norwegian force was reconnaissance at the front lines. This was to monitor German troop movements and to investigate the whereabouts of the local population. Reports from
1173:, still largely occupied by the Germans, was ceded to the Soviet Union, and the Finnish government agreed to remove the remaining German forces from their own territory by 15 September (leading to the
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Faced with rugged terrain and increasingly cold temperatures, the 14th Army forces in the area were ordered to halt their advance and assume a defensive posture. Only a reconnaissance force from the
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413:
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crossed the Jarfjord, leaving their tanks and rocket launchers with the 14th Rifle Division. Further south, the 10th Guards Division crossed over a pontoon bridge at Holmfoss, accompanied by
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The destruction of linguistic communities in Finnmark had a profound effect in the area after the war. As the reconstruction efforts in the region were mostly the responsibility of
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forcing the Germans to evacuate to the north where they were extracted by sea. By evening, the entirety of the Munkelv area was secured and the Soviets were pushing up the
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vehicles and makeshift rafts, the majority of the Soviet corps were able to cross the river by 09:00. From there they headed to the southeastern outskirts of Kirkenes.
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offensive from the north. Even after hostilities had ceased, many civilians could not return to their towns until the Allies cleared away leftover German munitions.
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decided to move against the German forces in the Arctic in late 1944. The operation was to be undertaken jointly by the Karelian Front under the command of General
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Supported by tanks and artillery, the 10th, 65th, and 14th Rifle Divisions cleared out the last of the German rearguard from Kirkenes by midday 25 October.
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1998:
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In July, the Norwegians hosted a dinner with the Soviets in Kirkenes to celebrate their victory. Among those in attendance were Norwegian
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policy and began to sabotage local infrastructure and destroy villages in the vicinity. Thousands of civilians from Finnmark and northern
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in July 1945. At the rear from right: Colonel Dahl, Prince Olav, and Commander of Soviet Forces in Norway Lieutenant General Shcherbakov.
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showed that the Germans were in the process of withdrawing, but were busy laying mines and torching buildings. Few civilians were left.
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beat off a series of counter-attacks from Tarnet to Kirkenes as they pursued the retreating Germans from Finland. That night, the
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Norwegian National Archive File Reference : NTB war archive in the National Archives (RA / PA -1209 / U / Uj / L0214 )
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transports to assist in moving the troops. By April 1945, there would be over 3,000 Norwegian soldiers in Northern Norway.
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10,000 residents of Kirkenes and the Varanger Peninsula who could not be moved due to logistical constraints and 8,500
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During this time some locals who had been hiding in the area began to return to their destroyed settlements. In
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The Germans in the remainder of occupied Norway capitulated on 8 May, bringing a definite end to the conflict.
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1195:. While the Germans prepared for this operation, the Soviets decided to seize the offensive initiative on the
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Soviet preparations, which had lasted for two months, had not gone unnoticed by the Germans. General
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1462:. Approximately 1,500 men from the Kirkenes area were recruited. On 29 November Norwegian corvettes
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1762:"THE EVACUATION OF FINNMARK & THE RE-ENTRY OF NORWEGIAN FORCES INTO NORWAY, OCT 1944-MAY 1945."
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The reconnaissance force went 116 kilometers northwest of Neiden before halting on 13 November at
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1883:"The Petsamo-Kirkenes Operation: Soviet Breakthrough and Pursuit in the Arctic, October 1944"
1825:"The Petsamo-Kirkenes Operation: Soviet Breakthrough and Pursuit in the Arctic, October 1944"
1038:
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1985:
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was an Allied military operation lasting from 23 October 1944 until 26 April 1945, in which
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Command Finnmark" with 12 men. Marked Force 138 by the British, the Norwegians embarked on
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On 24 October the 45th Rifle Division met little resistance as it advanced to the edge of
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Norwegian officers examine skis left behind by retreating German troops in Finnmark
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The Petsamo-Kirkenes Operation: Soviet Breakthrough and Pursuit through the Arctic
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The last fighting in Norway, between Soviet forces and German forces, happened in
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1780:"Finnmark Celebrates Liberation from Nazi Occupation with the Help of Russians,"
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Finland's War of Choice: The Troubled German-Finnish Coalition in World War II
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was first attacked on 14 February 1944. On 23 August, they bombed the town of
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Uten russisk representasjon er 75-årsmarkeringen meningsløs og bør avlyses
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in Europe on May 8, the 1st Varanger battalion was poised on the Finnmark-
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1325:, just across from Kirkenes. The 14th Rifle Division had more trouble at
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Soviet deaths during the Soviet force's campaign into Finnmark, was 611.
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in the coastal communities dramatically decreased in the postwar era.
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Stability and Divergence in Language Contact: Factors and Mechanisms
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On 25 October 1944, upon hearing that the Soviets were now entering
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The last Soviet forces withdrew from Norway on 25 September 1945.
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The fight for Kirkenes started on October 23, 1944, as the Soviet
1564:
Nearly 2,900 Soviet soldiers died in Norway during the conflict.
1529:
1166:
2045:
Braunmüller, Kurt; Höder, Steffen; Kühl, Karoline, eds. (2014).
2027:"75 år siden frigjøringen av Finnmark: Viktig å takke russerne"
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1999:"Scorching and liberation of Finnmark, a short introduction"
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to withdraw completely from northern Norway and Finland in
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Fire and Ice: The Nazis' Scorched Earth Campaign in Norway
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weaponry, pending the arrival of reinforcements from the
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1974:
43:
Soviets meet Norwegians sheltering in a mine in Finnmark
2051:(reprint ed.). John Benjamins Publishing Company.
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Tysklandsbrigaden - Veteranforeining for Voss og Omland
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on 6 November. From there, they took a Soviet ship to
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2013:
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British Policy and Strategy Towards Norway, 1941-45
1955:
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1914:
1855:. Retrieved 15 August 2018. Quote: «Bård A. Berg -
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1501:, Sweden to Finnmark. The United States sent nine
1493:- who for two years had been training secretly in
1418:, the British ordered the immediate deployment of
1218:. The main operations were to be conducted by the
1389:
2124:
1475:struck a mine and sank with heavy loss of life.
1268:nomads who were exempt from the removal policy.
2153:Military history of Finland during World War II
2158:Military history of Norway during World War II
1683:Voksø 1984 "Polititropper til Finnmark" p. 492
1406:(right), the interim Governor of Finnmark, in
1740:Norske tenåringssoldater kjempet mot tyskerne
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397:
2093:(illustrated ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
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376:Over 300 civilians died evacuating Finnmark
1430:as part of Operation Crofter, arriving in
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1118:, the northernmost county of Norway, from
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16:Campaign during World War 2 in Scandinavia
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1449:Free Norwegian Forces march through
1317:Kirkenes left burning by the Germans
1177:). During the retreat of the German
1138:After the occupation of Norway, the
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1712:
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2014:Braunmüller, Höder & Kühl 2014
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1723:"Fikk medalje 70 år etter krigen,"
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1142:established a military mission in
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1114:forces wrested away control of
55:23 October 1944 – 26 April 1945
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1390:Deployment of Norwegian forces
1310:and self-propelled artillery.
1240:since at least that February.
1:
2163:Norway–Soviet Union relations
1667:
1382:, Tana - on the west side of
1279:
1165:between the Soviet Union and
1140:Norwegian government-in-exile
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1721:Dagsavisen Nettavisen Oslo,
1556:
1402:(left) in conversation with
1222:, led by Lieutenant General
7:
1860:NORGES ARKTISKE UNIVERSITET
1725:Hanne Mauno. (in Norwegian)
1482:Norwegian police troops in
368:6 fishing vessels destroyed
10:
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1294:Petsamo-Kirkenes Offensive
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1188:Oberkommando der Wehrmacht
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1169:on 4 September 1944, the
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1973:Norwegian Encyclopedia.
1659:Russian Foreign Minister
1652:Norwegian Prime Minister
1547:German general surrender
932:Heavy water (1942–1944)
415:Nordic states, 1939–1945
2066:Lunde, Hendrik (2011).
1580:, Tufjord, Karmoyvaer,
1491:Norwegian police troops
1484:Kautokeino Municipality
1348:Final Soviet operations
1035:operations (1942–1944)
97:German withdrawal into
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1511:Porsanger Municipality
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300:3,000+ soldiers &
213:Commanders and leaders
24:Liberation of Finnmark
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1288:Recapture of Kirkenes
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347:Casualties and losses
339:6th Mountain Division
334:2nd Mountain Division
2087:Mann, Chris (2012).
1863:deltok i felttoget.»
1366:114th Rifle Division
1361:before withdrawing.
1228:10th Guards Division
1224:Vladimir Shcherbakov
595:Kirkenes and Petsamo
583:Heavy water sabotage
238:Vladimir Shcherbakov
2168:History of Finnmark
1304:45th Rifle Division
1300:14th Rifle Division
1193:Operation Nordlicht
927:Associated articles
207:Quisling Government
2029:. 25 October 2019.
1881:James F. Gebhardt
1847:2019-10-21 at the
1823:James F. Gebhardt
1694:"Tidsperiode Dahl"
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1124:a Soviet offensive
328:20th Mountain Army
94:Finnmark liberated
2178:Conflicts in 1945
2173:Conflicts in 1944
1986:Den Glemte Krigen
1617:Crown Prince Olav
1453:in November 1944.
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1234:Soviet Air Forces
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1208:Kirill Meretskov
1163:Moscow Armistice
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1122:. It began with
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1216:Arseniy Golovko
1183:Operation Birke
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2063:
2057:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2018:
2016:, p. 186.
2006:
1990:
1988:(in Norwegian)
1978:
1966:
1964:, p. 190.
1954:
1940:
1938:, p. 187.
1925:
1923:, p. 186.
1913:
1904:
1887:
1865:
1829:
1816:
1814:(in Norwegian)
1801:
1799:, p. 370.
1784:
1765:
1744:
1727:
1711:
1700:(in Norwegian)
1685:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1640:Sami languages
1631:
1628:
1558:
1555:
1460:United Kingdom
1410:, in late 1944
1391:
1388:
1349:
1346:
1289:
1286:
1281:
1278:
1257:scorched earth
1214:under Admiral
1212:Northern Fleet
1197:Karelian Front
1171:Petsamo region
1135:
1132:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1000:
993:
986:
979:
963:
962:
961:
954:
947:
940:
923:
922:
915:
908:
903:
898:
891:
886:
879:
874:
861:
860:
853:
848:
845:Blumenpflücken
841:
834:
821:
820:
815:
808:
801:
794:
781:
780:
767:
766:
759:
752:
745:
738:
731:
724:
717:
706:
703:
702:
693:
692:
685:
678:
670:
661:
660:
658:
657:
652:
647:
639:
632:
625:
618:
611:
604:
597:
592:
585:
580:
573:
572:
571:
566:
554:
538:
537:
522:
521:
514:
509:
502:
495:
490:
477:
476:
471:
470:
469:
457:
449:
448:
447:
442:
424:
421:
420:
409:
408:
401:
394:
386:
378:
377:
373:
372:
369:
349:
348:
344:
343:
342:
341:
336:
324:
309:3 minesweepers
305:1,500+ militia
293:Northern Fleet
281:
280:
276:
275:
252:
215:
214:
210:
209:
185:
155:United Kingdom
143:Naval support:
115:
114:
110:
109:
106:
105:
104:
103:
95:
90:
84:
83:
77:
73:
72:
63:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
34:
33:
26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2190:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2102:
2100:9780230210226
2096:
2092:
2091:
2085:
2081:
2079:9781612000374
2075:
2071:
2070:
2064:
2060:
2058:9789027269553
2054:
2050:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2028:
2022:
2015:
2010:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1922:
1917:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1781:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1680:
1678:
1673:
1665:
1663:
1662:Sergey Lavrov
1660:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1356:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1285:
1277:
1275:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1066:Fleet Air Arm
1063:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1001:
999:
998:
994:
992:
991:
987:
985:
984:
980:
978:
977:
973:
972:
970:
969:
964:
960:
959:
955:
953:
952:
948:
946:
945:
941:
939:
938:
934:
933:
931:
930:
929:
928:
921:
920:
916:
914:
913:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
896:
892:
890:
887:
885:
884:
880:
878:
875:
873:
872:
868:
867:
866:
865:
859:
858:
854:
852:
849:
847:
846:
842:
840:
839:
835:
833:
832:
828:
827:
826:
825:
819:
816:
814:
813:
809:
807:
806:
802:
800:
799:
795:
793:
792:
788:
787:
786:
785:
779:
778:
774:
773:
772:
771:
765:
764:
760:
758:
757:
753:
751:
750:
746:
744:
743:
739:
737:
736:
732:
730:
729:
725:
723:
722:
718:
716:
715:
711:
710:
709:
704:
691:
686:
684:
679:
677:
672:
671:
668:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
645:
640:
638:
637:
633:
631:
630:
626:
624:
623:
619:
617:
616:
612:
610:
609:
605:
603:
602:
598:
596:
593:
591:
590:
586:
584:
581:
579:
578:
574:
570:
567:
565:
562:
561:
560:
559:
555:
553:
551:
547:
546:
545:
544:
543:
536:
535:
531:
530:
529:
528:
527:
520:
519:
515:
513:
510:
508:
507:
503:
501:
500:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
484:
483:
482:
475:
472:
468:
465:
464:
463:
462:
458:
456:
454:
450:
446:
443:
441:
438:
437:
436:
435:
431:
430:
429:
428:
422:
417:
407:
402:
400:
395:
393:
388:
387:
384:
374:
370:
360:
356:~2,900 killed
354:
353:Soviet Union:
351:
350:
345:
340:
337:
335:
332:
331:
330:
329:
325:
321:
315:
303:
302:police troops
298:
294:
290:
286:
285:Soviet Union:
283:
282:
277:
274:
269:
263:
258:
253:
251:
246:
239:
234:
227:
222:
217:
216:
211:
208:
197:
186:
184:
172:
168:
156:
144:
140:
128:
117:
116:
111:
102:
101:
96:
93:
92:
91:
86:
85:
81:
78:
75:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:
58:
54:
51:
50:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
2115:
2089:
2072:. Casemate.
2068:
2047:
2021:
2009:
2001:
1993:
1981:
1969:
1957:
1916:
1907:
1819:
1702:. Retrieved
1697:
1688:
1655:Erna Solberg
1644:
1633:
1625:
1619:, Dahl, and
1614:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1543:
1535:
1523:
1507:
1489:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1436:Liinakhamari
1426:
1413:
1380:Rustefjelbma
1377:
1373:Varangerbotn
1370:
1363:
1359:
1355:Neiden river
1351:
1343:
1335:
1320:
1297:
1283:
1270:
1250:
1232:
1201:
1186:
1160:
1137:
1103:
1101:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1053:
1047:Rösselsprung
1046:
1039:
1032:
1024:
1017:
1010:
1003:
996:
989:
982:
975:
971:(1942–1944)
967:
957:
950:
943:
936:
926:
925:
918:
911:
894:
883:Black Friday
882:
870:
863:
862:
856:
850:
844:
837:
830:
823:
822:
811:
804:
797:
790:
783:
782:
776:
769:
768:
762:
755:
748:
741:
734:
727:
720:
713:
707:
654:
643:
635:
628:
621:
614:
607:
600:
588:
576:
557:
549:
540:
539:
533:
524:
523:
517:
505:
498:
479:
478:
460:
452:
433:
425:
358:
352:
326:
319:
317:3 destroyers
313:
296:
284:
170:
142:
127:Soviet Union
113:Belligerents
98:
29:Part of the
1997:Petterson.
1704:31 December
1648:King Harald
1621:Shcherbakov
1503:C-47 Dakota
1175:Lapland War
1040:Sportpalast
966:Attacks on
838:Almenrausch
642:Attacks on
512:Lapland War
364:14 captured
323:1 destroyer
307:2 corvettes
273:Franz Böhme
87:Territorial
2127:Categories
1797:Lunde 2011
1668:References
1451:Bjørnevatn
1440:Bjørnevatn
1404:Peder Holt
1384:Tana Fjord
1339:Lend-Lease
1292:See also:
1280:Liberation
1242:Hammerfest
1161:After the
1134:Background
1054:Zitronella
951:Gunnerside
906:Bjørn West
818:North Cape
763:Gearbox II
636:Zitronella
622:Gearbox II
558:Weserübung
499:Silver Fox
488:Winter War
434:Weserübung
1962:Mann 2012
1936:Mann 2012
1921:Mann 2012
1885:pp. 65-75
1827:pp. 75-83
1636:Norwegian
1586:Nordvågen
1557:Aftermath
1464:Eglantine
1220:14th Army
1181:, called
1112:Norwegian
1025:Catechism
912:Judgement
857:Provident
798:Checkmate
777:Musketoon
518:Tanne Ost
453:Valentine
362:10 killed
289:14th Army
1845:Archived
1609:Kirkenes
1590:Berlevåg
1578:Skarsvåg
1553:border.
1432:Murmansk
1398:Colonel
1323:Bøkfjord
1308:KV tanks
1274:Kirkenes
1238:Finnmark
1210:and the
1128:Kirkenes
1116:Finnmark
1072:Benedict
1011:Paravane
1004:Goodwood
990:Tungsten
958:SF Hydro
944:Freshman
937:Sabotage
919:Doomsday
871:Woodlark
851:Finnmark
831:Guidance
721:Gauntlet
714:Claymore
655:Finnmark
601:Gauntlet
589:Claymore
577:Alphabet
552:incident
474:Bornholm
467:Isefjord
279:Strength
65:Finnmark
60:Location
2038:Sources
1853:Nordlys
1582:Gjesvær
1530:E-boats
1427:Berwick
1327:Elvenes
1167:Finland
1120:Germany
1033:Tirpitz
1018:Obviate
968:Tirpitz
901:Haglebu
791:Cartoon
756:Gearbox
749:Fritham
742:Archery
644:Tirpitz
615:Gearbox
608:Fritham
564:Denmark
550:Altmark
526:Iceland
481:Finland
440:Denmark
427:Denmark
371:Unknown
359:Norway:
320:Canada:
297:Norway:
196:Germany
89:changes
82:victory
2097:
2076:
2055:
1975:Hasvik
1742:nrk.no
1657:, and
1630:Legacy
1598:Allied
1594:Mehamn
1570:Hasvik
1539:Sørøya
1526:Gamvik
1499:Kallax
1495:Sweden
1331:Neiden
1204:Stavka
1144:Moscow
1108:Soviet
1086:Orator
997:Mascot
983:Source
812:Martin
805:Leader
735:Anklet
728:Kitbag
629:Leader
569:Norway
542:Norway
506:Orator
461:Safari
445:Norway
193:
183:Sweden
180:
167:Canada
164:
152:
139:Norway
136:
124:
80:Allied
76:Result
69:Norway
1812:Vadsø
1574:Vardø
1551:Troms
1408:Vadsø
1266:Saami
1261:Troms
1246:Vadsø
976:Title
2095:ISBN
2074:ISBN
2053:ISBN
1706:2009
1466:and
1425:HMS
1202:The
1110:and
1102:The
895:Rype
864:1945
824:1944
784:1943
770:1942
708:1941
534:Fork
52:Date
1857:UIT
1537:of
1062:RAF
2129::
1943:^
1928:^
1890:^
1868:^
1851:.
1832:^
1804:^
1787:^
1768:^
1747:^
1730:^
1714:^
1696:.
1676:^
1664:.
1650:,
1623:.
1592:,
1584:,
1576:,
1572:,
1442:.
1386:.
1357:.
1276:.
1199:.
1130:.
67:,
2103:.
2082:.
2061:.
2004:.
1708:.
1486:.
1064:–
689:e
682:t
675:v
405:e
398:t
391:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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