372:
336:
384:
360:
42:
396:
55:
348:
1346:
1332:
316:
is 12–35 cm (4.7–13.8 in) tall in flower. Its leaves, which appear at the same time as the flowers and continue to elongate during flowering, are 5–25 mm wide and 10–25 cm (3.9–9.8 in) long, generally reaching to below the level of the flowers. The flowering stem
512:
is native to central Europe and parts of southern and western Europe, including
Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland, France, Italy, Romania, former Yugoslavia and Ukraine. It has become naturalized in other parts of Europe, including
371:
285:
is cultivated as an ornamental for a sunny position. The plant multiplies in favourable conditions to form clumps. Each plant bears a single white flower with greenish marks near the tip of the
383:
335:
544:
for its white flowers in spring. It is described as "easy to grow", either in sun or partial shade, particularly in moist soil and in grass. The species has gained the
395:
359:
1538:
1616:
1045:
Webb, D.A. (1980). "Leucojum vernum". In Tutin, T.G.; Heywood, V.H.; Burges, N.A.; Valentine, D.H.; Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (eds.).
329:, each with a greenish or yellowish mark just below the tip. Each tepal is 15–25 mm long. The whitish seeds are about 7 mm long.
1179:
1130:
822:
497:
describe it as more vigorous and flowering earlier, with two flowers per scape. It comes true from seed as it does not cross with var.
431:
1701:
1486:
1564:
1499:
489:
is distinguished by the presence of yellow rather than greenish markings at the tip of each tepal. Sources that distinguish var.
321:) has a small central cavity and two narrow wings. The pendent flowers appear in spring and are usually solitary, rarely in an
1796:
1105:
1054:
1029:
867:
1680:
1569:
1811:
1473:
1001:
1821:
1806:
920:
894:
1816:
1621:
1336:
1786:
1525:
529:
in the United States. It is found in damp and shady habitats, including woods, up to elevations of 1600 m.
1719:
1603:
1229:
465:
A third variety is recognized by some sources, but not by the World
Checklist of Selected Plant Families:
347:
1727:
1551:
1426:
1421:
905:
545:
1714:
1504:
1184:
1135:
827:
1801:
1402:
1350:
54:
1791:
1781:
1595:
41:
1706:
932:
1543:
1364:
740:
20:
967:
952:
887:
1670:
913:
549:
293:
168:
1647:
1582:
1447:
813:
522:
449:
268:
8:
1665:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1753:
1693:
1304:
1279:
192:
49:
1642:
1434:
1309:
1101:
1050:
1025:
997:
916:
890:
863:
301:
389:
In typical damp forest habitat in the Králova
Zahrada Nature Reserve, Czech Republic
1758:
1439:
1299:
1291:
541:
1071:
1732:
1629:
282:
135:
92:
1608:
680:) – one to six extra long, narrow, completely green tepals; comes true from seed
1688:
318:
252:
125:
79:
1295:
572:) – large yellowish flowers, one or two per stem, sometimes two fused together
1775:
1657:
1577:
1478:
1387:
1257:
514:
415:
264:
184:
105:
1556:
1313:
289:, on a stem about 10–20 cm (3.9–7.9 in) tall, occasionally more.
1745:
1590:
1512:
1413:
1396:
732:
518:
236:
115:
1634:
1491:
858:
Grey-Wilson, Christopher; Mathew, Brian & Blamey, Marjorie (1981).
702:) – large flowers with a large apical mark, mostly two flowers per stem
279:
1121:
1517:
1460:
1358:
19:"Spring snowflake" redirects here. For the moth with this name, see
1740:
1381:
1345:
736:
728:
725:
720:
561:
145:
1465:
263:. It is considered naturalized in north-western Europe, including
1530:
526:
272:
260:
256:
341:
Close-up of flower, photographed in a garden in
Bamberg. Germany
1452:
1331:
780:
744:
326:
322:
286:
66:
612:) – vigorous, tepals about one-third green with a sharp apex
251:
among others, is a species of flowering plant in the family
276:
860:
Bulbs : the bulbous plants of Europe and their allies
623:) – second earliest to flower, large apical green markings
724:
are poisonous, as the leaves and bulbs contain the toxic
1232:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
938:
Volume 1, Issue 3. Suburban Press, January 1912. p. 41.
857:
16:
1047:
Flora
Europaea, Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae
401:
Naturalized in the
Behrenhoff Landscape Park, Germany
452:(Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Ukraine, Poland)
1280:"Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease"
255:. It is native to central and southern Europe from
1098:Plants and their names : a concise dictionary
267:and parts of Scandinavia, and in the US states of
1773:
1100:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 518.
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
299:means "relating to Spring"; its close relative,
669:) – long pedicels, up to three flowers per bulb
651:) – flowers early, in the first week of January
662:) – smaller stature, open, funnel-like flowers
247:(for the patron saint of virgins), and rarely
1278:Birks, J. (2006). Birks, Jacqueline S (ed.).
1228:Straley, Gerald B. & Utech, Frederick H.
1095:
840:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
635:
1284:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1148:
735:. Galantamine is used for the treatment of
504:
365:Typical form with green marks on the tepals
1180:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
1131:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
1089:
1049:. Cambridge University Press. p. 77.
962:
960:
925:
886:3rd ed. Cambridge University Press, 1987.
823:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
797:
432:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
377:Flower with yellow rather than green marks
40:
1303:
1205:Boens, Wim (March 2017). "An overview of
1200:
1198:
1015:
1013:
933:"A Succesion of Popular Flowering Bulbs."
1227:
1069:
991:
910:The Little Bulbs: A Tale of Two Gardens.
1114:
1096:Hyam, R. & Pankhurst, R.J. (1995).
957:
941:
899:
1774:
1271:
1195:
1063:
1024:. London: B.T. Batsford. p. 121.
1019:
1010:
876:
1363:
1362:
1277:
1250:
1204:
763:Other older vernacular names include
1044:
996:. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley.
985:
1221:
601:) – yellow ovary and tepal markings
325:of two. The flowers have six white
13:
1038:
951:Volume 1. Martinus Nijhoff, 1911.
430:Two varieties are accepted by the
14:
1833:
1324:
1344:
1330:
862:. London: Collins. p. 136.
394:
382:
370:
358:
346:
334:
53:
1720:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:65769-1
517:, the Netherlands and parts of
912:Duke University Press, 1986.
757:
532:
308:
1:
790:
1797:Flora of Southeastern Europe
949:A Dictionary of Plant Names.
691:) – markings small or absent
555:
425:
7:
1812:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
992:Harrison, Lorraine (2012).
884:Flora of the British Isles.
713:
640:means 'raise your glasses')
546:Royal Horticultural Society
406:
10:
1838:
1185:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1136:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1078:. Vol. I. p. 289
828:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
709:) – double, green markings
634:) – flowers face upwards (
564:are available, including:
18:
1371:
1296:10.1002/14651858.CD005593
353:At the start of flowering
198:
191:
174:
167:
50:Scientific classification
48:
39:
32:
1822:Flora of the Carpathians
1807:Plants described in 1753
750:
505:Distribution and habitat
275:. This spring flowering
1817:Garden plants of Europe
1234:Flora of North America
1070:Linnaeus, Carl (1753).
994:RHS Latin for Gardeners
579:) – yellow apical marks
422:means "of the spring".
414:was first described by
1787:Flora of Middle Europe
1020:Mathew, Brian (1987).
968:"RHS Plant Selector -
947:H. L. Gerth van Wijk.
882:A. R. Clapham, et al.
636:
22:Heterocampa benitensis
936:The Magazine Flowers.
931:Stephen van Derberg.
773:common bulbous violet
769:great spring snowdrop
550:Award of Garden Merit
418:in 1753. The epithet
305:, flowers in summer.
1341:at Wikimedia Commons
739:in mild to moderate
540:is cultivated as an
450:Carpathian Mountains
1230:"Leucojum aestivum"
741:Alzheimer's disease
626:'Hoch die Tassen' (
582:'Gertrude Wister' (
906:Elizabeth Lawrence
743:and various other
575:'Eva Habermeier' (
1769:
1768:
1643:Open Tree of Life
1365:Taxon identifiers
1335:Media related to
1260:. Drugs.com. 2017
1107:978-0-19-866189-4
1076:Species Plantarum
1056:978-0-521-06662-4
1031:978-0-7134-4922-8
1022:The Smaller Bulbs
869:978-0-00-219211-8
737:cognitive decline
604:'Green Lantern' (
478:
447:
302:Leucojum aestivum
245:St. Agnes' flower
228:
227:
222:
214:
206:
1829:
1802:Flora of Ukraine
1762:
1761:
1749:
1748:
1736:
1735:
1723:
1722:
1710:
1709:
1697:
1696:
1684:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1661:
1660:
1651:
1650:
1638:
1637:
1625:
1624:
1612:
1611:
1609:NBNSYS0000002251
1599:
1598:
1586:
1585:
1573:
1572:
1560:
1559:
1547:
1546:
1534:
1533:
1521:
1520:
1508:
1507:
1495:
1494:
1482:
1481:
1469:
1468:
1456:
1455:
1443:
1442:
1430:
1429:
1417:
1416:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1360:
1359:
1349:Data related to
1348:
1334:
1318:
1317:
1307:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1202:
1192:
1191:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1017:
1008:
1007:
989:
983:
982:
980:
978:
964:
955:
945:
939:
929:
923:
903:
897:
880:
874:
873:
855:
838:
837:
835:
834:
810:
784:
761:
639:
568:'Butter-churn' (
542:ornamental plant
476:
445:
398:
386:
374:
362:
350:
338:
294:specific epithet
241:spring snowflake
220:
212:
204:
202:Galanthus vernus
180:
58:
57:
44:
30:
29:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1792:Flora of France
1782:Amaryllidoideae
1772:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1757:
1752:
1744:
1739:
1731:
1726:
1718:
1713:
1705:
1700:
1692:
1687:
1679:
1677:
1671:Leucojum vernum
1669:
1664:
1658:Leucojum_vernum
1656:
1654:
1646:
1641:
1633:
1630:Observation.org
1628:
1620:
1615:
1607:
1602:
1594:
1589:
1581:
1576:
1568:
1563:
1555:
1550:
1542:
1537:
1529:
1524:
1516:
1511:
1503:
1498:
1490:
1485:
1477:
1472:
1464:
1459:
1451:
1446:
1438:
1433:
1425:
1420:
1412:
1410:
1403:Leucojum vernum
1401:
1400:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1373:Leucojum vernum
1367:
1352:Leucojum vernum
1338:Leucojum vernum
1327:
1322:
1321:
1290:(1): CD005593.
1276:
1272:
1263:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1242:
1240:
1226:
1222:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1187:
1167:Leucojum vernum
1159:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1138:
1124:Leucojum vernum
1120:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1094:
1090:
1081:
1079:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1043:
1039:
1032:
1018:
1011:
1004:
990:
986:
976:
974:
970:Leucojum vernum
966:
965:
958:
946:
942:
930:
926:
904:
900:
881:
877:
870:
856:
841:
832:
830:
816:Leucojum vernum
812:
811:
798:
793:
788:
787:
777:butter and eggs
765:common snowdrop
762:
758:
753:
718:All species of
716:
683:'Null Punkte' (
637:hoch die Tassen
593:'Golden Bell' (
590:) – semi-double
558:
538:Leucojum vernum
535:
510:Leucojum vernum
507:
483:Leucojum vernum
470:Leucojum vernum
456:Leucojum vernum
439:Leucojum vernum
428:
412:Leucojum vernum
409:
402:
399:
390:
387:
378:
375:
366:
363:
354:
351:
342:
339:
314:Leucojum vernum
311:
232:Leucojum vernum
187:
182:
178:Leucojum vernum
176:
163:
136:Amaryllidoideae
52:
34:Leucojum vernum
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1835:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1759:wfo-0000683849
1750:
1737:
1724:
1711:
1698:
1685:
1675:
1662:
1652:
1639:
1626:
1613:
1600:
1587:
1574:
1561:
1548:
1535:
1522:
1509:
1496:
1483:
1470:
1457:
1444:
1431:
1418:
1408:
1393:
1377:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1357:
1356:
1355:at Wikispecies
1342:
1326:
1325:External links
1323:
1320:
1319:
1270:
1249:
1220:
1213:. New Series.
1194:
1147:
1113:
1106:
1088:
1062:
1055:
1037:
1030:
1009:
1003:978-1845337315
1002:
984:
956:
940:
924:
898:
875:
868:
839:
795:
794:
792:
789:
786:
785:
755:
754:
752:
749:
715:
712:
711:
710:
705:'Tentacular' (
703:
694:'Podpolozje' (
692:
681:
670:
663:
652:
641:
624:
615:'Greengotts' (
613:
602:
591:
580:
573:
557:
554:
534:
531:
506:
503:
480:
479:
463:
462:
453:
427:
424:
408:
405:
404:
403:
400:
393:
391:
388:
381:
379:
376:
369:
367:
364:
357:
355:
352:
345:
343:
340:
333:
310:
307:
253:Amaryllidaceae
226:
225:
224:
223:
218:Erinosma verna
215:
213:(L.) Moench
207:
196:
195:
189:
188:
183:
172:
171:
165:
164:
160:L. vernum
157:
155:
151:
150:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
126:Amaryllidaceae
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
96:
95:
90:
83:
82:
77:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
46:
45:
37:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1834:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1354:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1259:
1258:"Galantamine"
1253:
1239:. eFloras.org
1238:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1211:The Plantsman
1208:
1201:
1199:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1117:
1109:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1058:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1033:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1014:
1005:
999:
995:
988:
973:
971:
963:
961:
954:
950:
944:
937:
934:
928:
922:
921:9780822307396
918:
915:
911:
907:
902:
896:
895:9780521389747
892:
889:
885:
879:
871:
865:
861:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
829:
825:
824:
819:
817:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
796:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
760:
756:
748:
747:impairments.
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
727:
723:
722:
708:
704:
701:
697:
693:
690:
686:
682:
679:
675:
671:
668:
664:
661:
657:
653:
650:
646:
642:
638:
633:
629:
625:
622:
618:
614:
611:
607:
603:
600:
596:
592:
589:
585:
581:
578:
574:
571:
567:
566:
565:
563:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
515:Great Britain
511:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
475:
471:
468:
467:
466:
461:
457:
454:
451:
444:
440:
437:
436:
435:
433:
423:
421:
417:
416:Carl Linnaeus
413:
397:
392:
385:
380:
373:
368:
361:
356:
349:
344:
337:
332:
331:
330:
328:
324:
320:
315:
306:
304:
303:
298:
295:
290:
288:
284:
281:
278:
274:
270:
266:
265:Great Britain
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
233:
221:(L.) Herb.
219:
216:
211:
210:Nivaria verna
208:
203:
200:
199:
197:
194:
190:
186:
181:
179:
173:
170:
169:Binomial name
166:
162:
161:
156:
153:
152:
149:
148:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
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205:(L.) All.
201:
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27:
21:
1591:NatureServe
1513:iNaturalist
1397:Wikispecies
1217:(1): 20–25.
977:19 February
733:galantamine
700:carpathicum
660:carpathicum
599:carpathicum
588:carpathicum
533:Cultivation
519:Scandinavia
487:carpathicum
443:carpathicum
309:Description
239:called the
132:Subfamily:
116:Asparagales
93:Angiosperms
1776:Categories
1694:kew-280568
1689:Plant List
1264:2017-12-18
1243:2017-12-17
1190:2021-02-05
1141:2017-12-20
1082:2017-12-20
1072:"Leucojum"
833:2017-12-20
791:References
665:'Lothar' (
493:from var.
292:The Latin
280:herbaceous
726:alkaloids
707:L. vernum
672:'Milly' (
667:L. vernum
654:'Klara' (
643:'Janus' (
577:L. vernum
570:L. vernum
562:cultivars
556:Cultivars
521:, and in
426:Varieties
283:perennial
154:Species:
63:Kingdom:
1741:Tropicos
1655:PalDat:
1596:2.143412
1544:10208006
1411:BioLib:
1382:Wikidata
1314:16437532
1236:(online)
1207:Leucojum
729:lycorine
721:Leucojum
714:Toxicity
407:Taxonomy
249:snowbell
237:commonly
193:Synonyms
147:Leucojum
122:Family:
106:Monocots
1746:1201267
1531:65769-1
1492:2860409
1388:Q161530
1305:9006343
1173:vagneri
953:p. 751.
888:p. 551.
649:vagneri
621:vagneri
527:Florida
523:Georgia
491:vagneri
474:vagneri
277:bulbous
273:Florida
269:Georgia
261:Ukraine
257:Belgium
142:Genus:
112:Order:
67:Plantae
1702:PLANTS
1648:813084
1622:197685
1583:202958
1570:503423
1557:115240
1479:185768
1453:247115
1427:679320
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914:p. 35.
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781:Dorset
745:memory
689:vernum
678:vernum
632:vernum
610:vernum
499:vernum
495:vernum
460:vernum
420:vernum
327:tepals
297:vernum
1733:10012
1707:LEVE3
1678:PFI:
1539:IRMNG
1518:57510
1505:21979
1474:EUNIS
1466:LEJVE
1440:724ZT
1414:42013
1171:var.
751:Notes
698:var.
696:L. v.
687:var.
685:L. v.
676:var.
674:L. v.
658:var.
656:L. v.
647:var.
645:L. v.
630:var.
628:L. v.
619:var.
617:L. v.
608:var.
606:L. v.
597:var.
595:L. v.
586:var.
584:L. v.
560:Many
485:var.
477:Stapf
472:var.
458:var.
446:Sweet
441:var.
323:umbel
319:scape
287:tepal
100:Clade
87:Clade
74:Clade
1715:POWO
1681:6984
1666:PfaF
1635:6980
1617:NCBI
1578:IUCN
1565:ITIS
1526:IPNI
1500:GRIN
1487:GBIF
1461:EPPO
1422:BOLD
1310:PMID
1288:2016
1102:ISBN
1051:ISBN
1026:ISBN
998:ISBN
979:2020
917:ISBN
891:ISBN
864:ISBN
779:(in
775:and
731:and
525:and
271:and
1754:WFO
1728:RHS
1604:NBN
1552:ISC
1448:EoL
1435:CoL
1300:PMC
1292:doi
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