35:
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1176:
1189:
595:
The six communist politicians met and discussed the letter in parks in
Bucharest, in order to prevent the Securitate from hearing the details. They were, however, not isolated, but were followed and had contacts with Soviet, American, British and Romanian intelligence officers and diplomats.
623:
Bîrlădeanu disputed the account of Brucan, arguing that, while they discussed the letter, it was called off after it proved impossible to gather enough signatures. Bîrlădeanu claims that Brucan betrayed the other co-signatories by going to the
American embassy without telling the others.
607:
was reportedly enthusiastic about the letter, but, according to Brucan, he was advised to publish it after returning to
Romania, or else he would be forced to remain in exile. After this a tour of the United Kingdom followed, where he held conferences in Oxford and at the
602:
After these first contacts, Brucan claimed to have paid visits to the embassies of the United States and of the United
Kingdom in Bucharest. Unusually, the Securitate did not arrest him and the government allowed him to visit the United States in June 1988. The
687:(the secret police), and then to their house arrest at various locations. Between 11 March and 7 May 1989, Brucan was interrogated 51 times. The Securitate depicted Brucan as one of several "hostile, inveterate, elements" and "the agent of foreign
756:
Although lacking in actual popular support, the letter was argued to be the among most important and influential acts of opposition during its period, and a notorious break with the tradition of strict obedience and party discipline.
764:
argues that the act of collective dissent within the Party was "too little, too late" and that if it had been done in the mid-1970s, it might have had some consequences and could have been a starting point for some real changes.
620:) in an hour-long meeting, being given assurances that if Ceaușescu was ousted, the Soviet Union would not intervene. During his return by train in November 1988, Brucan was arrested at the border, but he was let go.
813:
599:
Brucan claimed in his memoirs that the initiative was his, who discussed the plan with
Apostol and then discussed it with Bîrlădeanu, the architect of Romanian economic development of the 1960s.
655:
The text of the letter was very clear in its practical demands and set a stark tone, particularly the part in which they compare
Romania with Africa, hinting to a future of underdevelopment.
535:
69:
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Despite increased pressure, most contributors to the protest refused to withdraw their statement. Brucan later accused
Apostol of having given in to pressures.
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616:; Brucan then went to Moscow, where he claimed to have met Gorbachev (though in an earlier account, Brucan only claimed to have met
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811:"Politologul Silviu Brucan a decedat la vârsta de 90 de ani" ("The Political Scientist Silviu Brucan Has Died at the Age of 90")
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Ondine Gherguț, "Brucan, condamnat în procesul cu Vasile Lupu" ("Brucan, Sentenced in His Trial with Vasile Lupu")
351:
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Mirona Hrițcu, "Silviu Brucan e gata să-și îngroape profeția" ("Silviu Brucan Is About to
Outlive His Prophecy")
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The broadcast of the letter led to the swift arrest and interrogation of the signatories by the
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The
December Revolt and the Coup D'Etat - 1989 Origins Of The National Salvation Front (NSF)
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D. Tănăsescu, "Dosare de cadre. Fișete desferecate" ("Personnel Files. Unfettered
Lockers")
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The Securitate Files: Silviu Brucan and the Communist Regime in Romania in the 1980s
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Four of the six were moved from their houses in the exclusivist district of
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to places like the outskirts of Bucharest and the other two were detained:
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Ceaușescu and the Securitate: Coercion and Dissent in Romania, 1965-1989
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Apostol and Răceanu were arrested and detained until the 1989 revolution
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The Letter of the Six: destinies before and after the year 1989
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The Unique Experience of Romania - Making the History of 1989
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Mănescu was moved to a two-room house with an earth floor in
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702:Brucan was sent to a location on the outskirts of
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710:— the reason for his subsequent colloquial
652:, although the latter was not mentioned by name.
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559:signed in March 1989 by six former high-ranking
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731:Pîrvulescu was moved to a village near
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1199:(essay by Pompiliu-Nicolae Constantin)
115:Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy
440:Trial and execution of the Ceaușescus
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760:Nevertheless, political scientist
405:Bucharest student movement of 1956
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415:Jiu Valley miners' strike of 1977
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410:Dissent under Nicolae Ceaușescu
228:Ceaușescu's cult of personality
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1250:Socialist Republic of Romania
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1033:, M.E. Sharpe, London, 1995,
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644:. It appealed to the type of
460:Soviet occupation (1944–1958)
1114:Durandin, Catherine (2010).
984:Neumann, p.180; Tismăneanu,
725:, his daughter was moved to
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7:
1098:Stalinism pentru eternitate
1085:Stalinism pentru eternitate
986:Stalinism pentru eternitate
901:Stalinism pentru eternitate
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482:Relations with other states
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454:Relationship with the USSR
110:People's Democratic Front
85:National Council of Women
1245:Romanian Communist Party
890:, September–October 2006
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737:Bîrlădeanu was moved in
612:and had meetings at the
561:Romanian Communist Party
100:Romanian Orthodox Church
95:Ștefan Gheorghiu Academy
65:Union of Communist Youth
632:Addressed to President
394:Protests and resistance
70:Great National Assembly
19:Part of a series on the
400:1940s–1950s resistance
357:Danube–Black Sea Canal
158:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
741:district of Bucharest
679:Authorities' reaction
581:Constantin Pîrvulescu
553:Scrisoarea celor șase
549:The Letter of the Six
138:Constantin Ion Parhon
25:Socialist Republic of
1116:Moartea Ceaușeștilor
826:, September 16, 2006
642:Ceaușescu's policies
628:The letter's content
569:Alexandru Bârlădeanu
367:Bărăgan deportations
1235:Romanian revolution
1069:, February 15, 2002
871:Vladimir Tismăneanu
636:, the letter was a
605:Department of State
435:Romanian Revolution
153:Ion Gheorghe Maurer
1208:2016-08-28 at the
1195:2017-05-11 at the
1059:2007-10-13 at the
880:2007-03-09 at the
847:2009-03-25 at the
816:2008-02-14 at the
793:, February 5, 2005
691:secret services".
618:Alexander Yakovlev
256:Literacy campaigns
221:National communism
1066:Evenimentul Zilei
1029:Dennis Deletant,
665:Radio Free Europe
650:Mikhail Gorbachev
634:Nicolae Ceaușescu
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430:Letter of the Six
324:Socialist realism
309:Cîntarea României
173:Nicolae Ceaușescu
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168:Chivu Stoica
988:, p.262-263
689:imperialist
557:open letter
551:(Romanian:
498:North Korea
211:July Theses
183:Ilie Verdeț
143:Petru Groza
1229:Categories
1108:References
790:Cotidianul
752:Importance
696:Primăverii
685:Securitate
508:Yugoslavia
352:Censorship
346:Repression
271:Decree 770
148:Ana Pauker
55:Securitate
1120:Humanitas
823:Gardianul
708:Dămăroaia
704:Bucharest
669:BBC Radio
659:Broadcast
638:left-wing
555:) was an
206:Dacianism
120:Comturist
1206:Archived
1193:Archived
1057:Archived
878:Archived
845:Archived
814:Archived
646:humanism
591:Planning
240:Policies
200:Ideology
105:Scînteia
90:Pioneers
1100:, p.292
1087:, p.263
723:Chitila
714:, "The
712:moniker
298:Culture
132:Leaders
27:Romania
1126:
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733:Vaslui
716:Oracle
671:, and
465:SovRom
329:Emblem
304:Daciad
884:, in
851:, in
820:, in
787:, in
769:Notes
706:, in
493:Italy
488:China
420:SLOMR
280:Rural
1124:ISBN
1035:ISBN
583:and
334:Flag
60:Army
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