358:
274:, Robertson and his firm Worthington, Skilling, Helle, and Jackson (WSHJ) got the engineering contract. Designed between 1966 and 1971, this was the firm's and Robertson's first high rise construction. His interactions with Yamasaki led to the conceptualization of the tube design for the buildings with exterior columns that were two feet apart along the building's height, specifically designed to provide a sense of enclosure for people in the building. This also meant that, unlike most skyscrapers of the time that were supported by concrete or steel frames with columns interrupting the interiors, the WTC design permitted column-free interiors, with the weight being handled by the exterior columns and the steel and concrete cores. Steel
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Robertson's firm later participated in the development of a database of basic structural information for the towers of the World Trade Center (WTC1 and 2) for NIST and FEMA, and to record the undocumented structural changes that had been made to the buildings after construction began. His firm also stayed for the structural engineering of the
343:
in 2001, debates about the safety of rent-space-maximized designs have engaged the building professions, but the consensus among architects and engineers is that the World Trade Center actually withstood the impact of the plane with enough time to allow many thousands of occupants to evacuate safely.
262:
Robertson's engineering career began in 1952, when he joined Kaiser
Engineering. He worked as a mathematician, structural engineer, and electrical engineer during this time. He was also part of the investigation team studying the collapse of an offshore drilling platform. He later went on a road trip
246:
to
Tinabel (née Grantham) and Garnet Robertson. His mother was a homemaker, while his father worked assorted jobs. His parents divorced when he was a child and he was brought up by his father's second wife, Zelda (née Ziegel). He was briefly enlisted in the navy in 1945, at the age of 17. However, he
285:. The firm split its operations in 1982, with Robertson renaming the east coast operations Leslie E. Robertson Associates RLLP. Robertson would retire from the partnership in 1994, but would continue to work for the firm on projects until 2012.
550:
1993 Mayors Award for
Excellence in Science and Technology for contributions to the design of the World Trade Center. World Trade Center Individual Service Medal for contributions to the reconstruction of the World Trade Center following the
1545:
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446:, a structural engineer who also has served as managing partner of their architectural engineering practice, Leslie E. Robertson Associates (LERA), now called See Robertson Structural Engineers, LLC.
1717:
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for "contributions in the design of tall buildings and development and application of wind-engineering principles to tall-building design for assurance of safety and comfort of the occupants"
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and ran out of funds in
Seattle, where he then joined the Seattle-based structural and civil engineering firm Worthington and Skilling in 1958.
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In addition to the World Trade Center, he was involved in structural engineering and design for other skyscrapers, including the
442:
Robertson was married to
Elizabeth Zublin and later to Sharon Hibino, with both marriages ending in divorce. In 1982 he married
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Leadership and
Management in Engineering magazine. Volume 9, Issue 1, Engineering Legends pp. 46–50 (January 2009)
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in addition to theaters and bridges. Robertson structurally engineered the installation of
American sculptor
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336:, which had been built with bolted joints that placed it in serious danger of collapse during a high wind.
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2019:
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1279:"La Fundación José Entrecanales Ibarra premia al ingeniero estadounidense Leslie E. Robertson"
218:
in New York City, and served as structural engineer on numerous other projects, including the
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960:, vol. 274, no. 11, New York: Dodge Data & Analytics, pp. 42–56,
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210:(February 12, 1928 – February 11, 2021) was an American engineer. He was the lead
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1998:
1958:
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2612:
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2400:
2353:
2317:
2140:
1458:
2999:
1057:"Outstanding Projects And Leaders (OPAL) Leadership Awards Past Award Winners"
978:
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3661:
3628:
3444:
3306:
3144:
3126:
2886:
2868:
2773:
2737:
2731:
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2071:
1805:
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486:
325:
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1978:
1973:
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1011:. December 16, 2016. Henry C. Turner Prize For Innovation In Construction
615:
469:
The structure of design: an engineer's extraordinary life in architecture
278:
supported the floors and connect exterior columns and the central cores.
3312:
2761:
2469:
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1983:
1953:
1905:
1679:
1479:
764:
Men of Steel: The Story of the Family That Built the World Trade Center
430:
293:
223:
1032:"World Trade Center lead engineer to speak Wednesday. Notre Dame News"
3180:
2976:
1318:
736:"Leslie Robertson, Who Engineered the World Trade Center, Dies at 92"
537:
for his work developing efficient structural systems and championing
367:
305:
1004:
312:
in Madrid. Further, Robertson engineered the building of museums in
3108:
2175:
954:
Lewis, Scott (April 20, 2015), "ENR Marks 50 Years of
Excellence",
677:"The World Trade Center: Work of genius, undone by the unthinkable"
194:
3643:
313:
275:
877:
281:
In 1967 Robertson was made a partner in WSHJ, which was renamed
3414:
2155:
627:
International
Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering
321:
3750:
Members of the United States
National Academy of Engineering
1005:"Awards for exemplary achievements in the built environment"
457:, on February 11, 2021, the day before his 93rd birthday.
304:
in Hong Kong designed by the Chinese-American architect
254:
and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1952.
1223:"International Award of Merit in Structural Engineering"
900:"The Edward and Mary Allen Lecture in Structural Design"
1153:"Historical List of Distinguished and Honorary Members"
623:
International Award of Merit in Structural Engineering
1193:"National Honor Member Bio Page. Leslie E. Robertson"
874:"Leslie E. Robertson Associates support to NIST/FEMA"
568:for Innovation in Construction Technology from the
3701:
1306:on the website of Leslie E. Robertson Associates
3029:
1718:Chambers Street–WTC/Park Place/Cortlandt Street
584:OPAL Award for lifetime contributions to design
531:(now known as the Award of Excellence) by the
3400:
3015:
2191:
1334:
1253:American Association of Engineering Societies
637:American Association of Engineering Societies
574:2003 Honorary degree, Doctor of Engineering,
544:1991 Honorary degree, Doctor of Engineering,
645:from the José Entrecanales Ibarra Foundation
348:building which came up at the same complex.
242:Robertson was born on February 12, 1928, in
3416:Engineering News-Record Award of Excellence
1841:National September 11 Memorial & Museum
1127:Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat
829:
675:Star-Ledger, For The (September 10, 2011).
674:
603:Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat
237:
3730:Deaths from multiple myeloma in California
3407:
3393:
3022:
3008:
2198:
2184:
1341:
1327:
614:2008 Elevated to National Honor Member of
599:The Fazlur Khan Lifetime Achievement Medal
3765:University of California, Berkeley alumni
2015:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
733:
466:
1452:1993 World Trade Center Bombing Memorial
981:[About the Matsui Gengo Award].
734:Bernstein, Fred A. (February 11, 2021).
618:national civil engineering honor society
328:'s works. He also helped coordinate the
283:Skilling, Helle, Christiansen, Robertson
3755:People from Manhattan Beach, California
1880:To the Struggle Against World Terrorism
926:"NAE Members – Mr. Leslie E. Robertson"
3702:
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1029:
892:
729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
3388:
3003:
2179:
1322:
1115:
1030:Winger, Meghan (September 18, 2005).
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
643:International Civil Engineering Award
266:When Seattle-born American architect
160:Leslie E. Robertson Associates (LERA)
2205:
830:Morgenstern, Joseph (May 25, 1995).
761:
755:
1164:American Society of Civil Engineers
1065:American Society of Civil Engineers
842:
610:American Society of Civil Engineers
605:for leadership in Structural Design
593:Institution of Structural Engineers
214:of the Twin Towers of the original
151:Institution of Structural Engineers
13:
1655:St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church
1561:St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church
1494:World Trade Center Plaza Sculpture
1103:from the original on July 16, 2015
1091:"IStructE Gold - List of Awardees"
789:
694:
341:collapse of the World Trade Center
270:won the competition to design the
252:University of California, Berkeley
80:University of California, Berkeley
14:
3781:
1297:
1249:"Award Guide and Past Recipients"
608:2006 Distinguished Member of the
1304:Leslie Earl Robertson, 1928–2021
513:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
437:
419:
404:
390:
375:
356:
250:He studied civil engineering at
3725:21st-century American engineers
3720:20th-century American engineers
1640:Perelman Performing Arts Center
1487:The World Trade Center Tapestry
1271:
1241:
1215:
1185:
1145:
1123:"2004 Fazlur Khan Medal Winner"
1083:
1049:
1023:
997:
983:Japan Structural Designers Club
971:
947:
934:National Academy of Engineering
918:
502:National Academy of Engineering
467:Robertson, Leslie Earl (2017).
383:Shanghai World Financial Center
298:Shanghai World Financial Center
228:Shanghai World Financial Center
173:Shanghai World Financial Center
147:National Academy of Engineering
115:
2161:West Street pedestrian bridges
866:
823:
780:
766:. New York: Crown Publishers.
668:
398:Bank of China Tower, Hong Kong
1:
1901:Relics from the original WTC
906:. MIT Architecture Department
832:"The Fifty-Nine-Story Crisis"
661:
523:University of Western Ontario
16:American engineer (1928–2021)
3560:Sherry Plaster Carter (1996)
3518:William B. Derrickson (1984)
7:
3745:John Fritz Medal recipients
3740:IStructE Gold Medal winners
1866:America's Response Monument
649:
352:Selected works by Robertson
247:did not enter active duty.
244:Manhattan Beach, California
102:Elizabeth Zublin (divorced)
49:Manhattan Beach, California
10:
3786:
3586:Charles H. Thornton (2001)
3429:Lyman Dwight Wilbur (1966)
1546:Rescue and recovery effort
1521:September 11, 2001 attacks
953:
3735:Engineers from California
3677:
3579:
3572:Robert M. Thompson (2000)
3563:Robert A. Tinstman (1997)
3499:
3486:Wallace L. Chawick (1978)
3422:
3038:
2848:
2687:
2526:
2362:
2213:
2133:
2091:
2082:
2007:
1931:
1826:
1691:
1645:Vehicular Security Center
1586:
1575:
1511:February 26, 1993 bombing
1503:
1441:
1356:
494:
257:
201:
183:
164:
156:
142:
132:
125:
98:
90:
75:
56:
30:
23:
3604:Lewis E. Link Jr. (2007)
3557:Michael Virlogeux (1995)
3471:Saul Horowitz Jr. (1975)
2463:Clarence Floyd Hirshfeld
2439:William Frederick Durand
1673:ONE: Union of the Senses
1516:January 14, 1998 robbery
1036:University of Notre Dame
1009:National Building Museum
576:University of Notre Dame
570:National Building Museum
460:
238:Early life and education
104:Sharon Hibino (divorced)
3566:Dennis G. Majors (1998)
3515:Charles D. Brown (1983)
3512:Thomas D. Larson (1982)
3441:Ezra Ehrenkrantz (1969)
2649:Michael Lawrence Haider
2342:Charles P. E. Schneider
2134:Other nearby structures
1551:NIST report on collapse
1225:. IABSE. Archived from
957:Engineering News-Record
534:Engineering News-Record
290:U.S. Steel Headquarters
3601:Dwayne McAninch (2006)
3569:John G. Voeller (1999)
3554:Ginger S. Evans (1994)
3539:Vitelmo Bertero (1990)
3530:James W. Poirot (1988)
3524:Marwan M. Sadat (1986)
3492:J. Robert Fluor (1980)
3432:Vinton W. Bacon (1967)
3169:Alan Garnett Davenport
3097:Knud Winstrup Johansen
2935:Gregory Stephanopoulos
2607:Crawford H. Greenewalt
2506:Lewis Warrington Chubb
2413:Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin
2151:Barclay–Vesey Building
2035:WTC in popular culture
2030:Take Back The Memorial
2020:Silverstein Properties
1556:Deutsche Bank Building
517:1989 Honorary degree,
507:1986 Honorary degree,
3634:Wayne E. Jones (2013)
3592:Kathi Littmann (2003)
3589:Michael Burton (2002)
3527:John W. Fisher (1987)
2822:George N. Hatsopoulos
2744:Claude Elwood Shannon
2559:William Embry Wrather
2518:Charles Metcalf Allen
2482:Willis Rodney Whitney
2476:Everette Lee DeGolyer
2419:Daniel Cowan Jackling
2264:Charles Talbot Porter
2252:Alexander Graham Bell
1954:Emery Roth & Sons
1816:Dey Street Passageway
1413:Austin J. Tobin Plaza
1310:"The Tower Builder",
566:Henry C. Turner Prize
509:Doctor of Engineering
455:San Mateo, California
208:Leslie Earl Robertson
68:San Mateo, California
35:Leslie Earl Robertson
3760:Structural engineers
3667:Vicki O'Leary (2019)
3625:Jeffrey Baker (2011)
3489:H. Edgar Lore (1979)
2726:T. Louis Austin, Jr.
2553:Benjamin F. Fairless
2488:Charles F. Kettering
2457:Frank Baldwin Jewett
2445:Arthur Newell Talbot
2432:Frank Julian Sprague
2395:Herbert Clark Hoover
2383:Elmer Ambrose Sperry
2282:Robert Woolston Hunt
2121:One North End Avenue
2116:Winter Garden Atrium
1917:Survivors' Staircase
1740:,
1712:New York City Subway
1418:Windows on the World
1173:on November 25, 2015
1071:on November 25, 2015
904:architecture.mit.edu
527:1989 Construction's
449:Robertson died from
346:4 World Trade Center
3595:Gregg Martin (2004)
3551:Leo P. Duffy (1993)
3548:Terry Farley (1992)
3534:Leslie E. Robertson
3466:Stephen Bechtel Jr.
3259:Leslie E. Robertson
3199:Olgierd Zienkiewicz
3031:IStructE Gold Medal
2959:Anne S. Kiremidjian
2929:Leslie E. Robertson
2911:Yvonne Claeys Brill
2905:Kristina M. Johnson
2840:George H. Heilmeier
2661:Patrick E. Haggerty
2547:Ervin George Bailey
2512:Theodore von Kármán
2425:John Ripley Freeman
2407:David Watson Taylor
2276:William Henry White
2246:George Westinghouse
1994:Leslie E. Robertson
1964:Christopher O. Ward
1836:9/11 Tribute Museum
1314:, November 19, 2001
1229:on January 23, 2019
850:"Executive summary"
810:www-g.eng.cam.ac.uk
762:Koch, Karl (2002).
656:Christopher O. Ward
589:IStructE Gold Medal
500:1975 Member of the
332:of New York City's
302:Bank of China Tower
232:Bank of China Tower
212:structural engineer
177:Bank of China Tower
137:Structural engineer
25:Leslie E. Robertson
3770:World Trade Center
3670:Chris Liban (2020)
3608:Clyde N. Baker Jr.
3598:Joe Maloney (2005)
3521:James Rouse (1985)
3454:Fazlur Rahman Khan
3289:David A. Nethercot
3205:Santiago Calatrava
3079:John Guthrie Brown
2917:Gerald J. Posakony
2828:Arthur E. Humphrey
2643:Igor Ivan Sikorsky
2601:Stephen D. Bechtel
2565:Harry Alonzo Winne
2535:Walter H. Aldridge
2494:John Lucian Savage
2371:John Frank Stevens
2324:George W. Goethals
2258:Thomas Alva Edison
2101:225 Liberty Street
2096:200 Liberty Street
2045:9/11-related media
1949:Nelson Rockefeller
1851:Memory Foundations
1705:Transportation Hub
1473:Sky Gate, New York
1350:World Trade Center
880:on August 15, 2009
806:"Leslie Robertson"
741:The New York Times
559:Gengo Matsui Prize
364:World Trade Center
272:World Trade Center
216:World Trade Center
169:World Trade Center
127:Engineering career
3697:
3696:
3684:Jim Ansara (2021)
3650:Jason F. McLennan
3638:Stephen Selkowitz
3382:
3381:
3355:James O'Callaghan
3133:Nathan M. Newmark
3073:William Glanville
3055:Eugène Freyssinet
2997:
2996:
2756:Daniel C. Drucker
2720:Nathan M. Newmark
2389:John Joseph Carty
2377:Edward Dean Adams
2348:Guglielmo Marconi
2322:1919 : Gen.
2312:Henry Marion Howe
2173:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2129:
2128:
1969:Larry Silverstein
1944:David Rockefeller
1927:
1926:
1796:, and
1748:, and
1571:
1570:
1133:on April 13, 2012
1096:. July 16, 2015.
838:. pp. 48–49.
546:Lehigh University
519:Doctor of Science
478:978-1-58093-429-9
205:
204:
60:February 11, 2021
45:February 12, 1928
3777:
3475:Frank Moolin Jr.
3460:J. Leon Altemose
3450:Ray Monti (1971)
3436:Edgar Kaiser, Sr
3409:
3402:
3395:
3386:
3385:
3337:Robert Halvorson
3325:Tristram Carfrae
3295:William F. Baker
3229:Michael Burdekin
3217:Michel Virlogeux
3139:Riccardo Morandi
3085:Pier Luigi Nervi
3024:
3017:
3010:
3001:
3000:
2947:Jon D. Magnusson
2899:Gavriel Salvendy
2875:Robert S. Langer
2637:Walker L. Cisler
2625:Frederick Kappel
2451:Paul Dyer Merica
2334:1921 : Sir
2294:John Edson Sweet
2274:1911 : Sir
2207:John Fritz Medal
2200:
2193:
2186:
2177:
2176:
2111:250 Vesey Street
2106:200 Vesey Street
2089:
2088:
2084:Brookfield Place
2080:
2079:
1989:Daniel Libeskind
1859:Tribute in Light
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1584:
1583:
1439:
1438:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1255:. Archived from
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1199:. Archived from
1189:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1172:
1166:. Archived from
1157:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1129:. Archived from
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1102:
1095:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1067:. Archived from
1053:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1001:
995:
994:
992:
990:
975:
969:
968:
951:
945:
944:
942:
940:
922:
916:
915:
913:
911:
896:
890:
889:
887:
885:
876:. Archived from
870:
864:
863:
861:
859:
854:
846:
840:
839:
827:
821:
820:
818:
816:
802:
787:
784:
778:
777:
759:
753:
752:
750:
748:
731:
692:
691:
689:
687:
672:
633:John Fritz Medal
539:wind engineering
490:
451:multiple myeloma
427:U.S. Steel Tower
423:
412:Puerta de Europa
408:
394:
379:
360:
334:Citigroup Center
310:Puerta de Europa
220:U.S. Steel Tower
192:
188:John Fritz Medal
119:
117:
63:
44:
42:
21:
20:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3673:
3575:
3495:
3418:
3413:
3383:
3378:
3121:Fritz Leonhardt
3115:Charles Husband
3034:
3028:
2998:
2993:
2881:John A. Swanson
2844:
2834:Ivan A. Getting
2780:Robert N. Noyce
2714:Robert G. Heitz
2708:George R. Brown
2702:Thomas O. Paine
2696:Manson Benedict
2683:
2667:William Webster
2655:Glenn B. Warren
2631:Warren K. Lewis
2595:Gwilym A. Price
2589:Mervin J. Kelly
2522:
2358:
2336:Robert Hadfield
2209:
2204:
2174:
2165:
2146:200 West Street
2125:
2078:
2025:Project Rebirth
2003:
1999:Welles Crowther
1959:Austin J. Tobin
1939:Minoru Yamasaki
1923:
1822:
1811:Corbin Building
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1687:
1589:
1578:
1567:
1499:
1437:
1359:
1352:
1347:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1259:on May 11, 2013
1247:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1203:on July 3, 2017
1191:
1190:
1186:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1074:
1072:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1003:
1002:
998:
988:
986:
977:
976:
972:
952:
948:
938:
936:
924:
923:
919:
909:
907:
898:
897:
893:
883:
881:
872:
871:
867:
857:
855:
852:
848:
847:
843:
828:
824:
814:
812:
804:
803:
790:
785:
781:
774:
760:
756:
746:
744:
732:
695:
685:
683:
673:
669:
664:
652:
529:Man of the Year
497:
479:
463:
453:at his home in
440:
433:
424:
415:
409:
400:
395:
386:
380:
371:
370:, New York City
361:
318:Portland, Maine
268:Minoru Yamasaki
260:
240:
193:
190:
175:
171:
149:
121:
118: 1982)
113:
109:
105:
103:
71:
65:
61:
52:
46:
40:
38:
37:
36:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3783:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3647:
3641:
3635:
3632:
3626:
3623:
3617:
3614:Bernard Amadei
3611:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:Robert A. Boyd
3503:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3481:John W. Morris
3478:
3472:
3469:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3442:
3439:
3433:
3430:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3412:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3389:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3340:
3334:
3328:
3322:
3319:Man-Chung Tang
3316:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3247:Cheng Hon-kwan
3244:
3241:Duncan Michael
3238:
3232:
3226:
3220:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3193:Edmund Happold
3190:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3094:
3091:Alfred Pugsley
3088:
3082:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3027:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3004:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2941:Julia Weertman
2937:
2931:
2925:
2923:Andrew Viterbi
2919:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2877:
2871:
2865:
2863:Paul C. W. Chu
2859:
2857:John W. Fisher
2852:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2816:Lynn S. Beedle
2812:
2810:Hoyt C. Hottel
2806:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2786:Gordon A. Cain
2782:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2750:Kenneth A. Roe
2746:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2619:Lucius D. Clay
2615:
2613:Hugh L. Dryden
2609:
2603:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2401:Ralph Modjeski
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2354:Ambrose Swasey
2350:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2330:Orville Wright
2326:
2320:
2318:J. Waldo Smith
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2141:90 West Street
2137:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2059:
2057:10048 ZIP code
2054:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1828:9/11 memorials
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1763:
1753:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1676:
1664:
1662:Westfield Mall
1659:
1658:
1657:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1594:
1592:
1590:and structures
1581:
1579:(2001–present)
1573:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1459:Bent Propeller
1455:
1447:
1445:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1312:The New Yorker
1307:
1299:
1298:External links
1296:
1293:
1292:
1270:
1240:
1214:
1184:
1144:
1114:
1082:
1048:
1022:
996:
970:
946:
917:
891:
865:
841:
836:The New Yorker
822:
788:
779:
772:
754:
693:
666:
665:
663:
660:
659:
658:
651:
648:
647:
646:
639:
629:
619:
612:
606:
595:
585:
578:
572:
562:
555:
548:
542:
525:
515:
505:
496:
493:
492:
491:
477:
462:
459:
439:
436:
435:
434:
425:
418:
416:
410:
403:
401:
396:
389:
387:
381:
374:
372:
362:
355:
353:
259:
256:
239:
236:
234:in Hong Kong.
203:
202:
199:
198:
185:
181:
180:
166:
162:
161:
158:
154:
153:
144:
140:
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123:
122:
111:
107:
106:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
77:
73:
72:
66:
64:(aged 92)
58:
54:
53:
47:
34:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3782:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3662:Ron Klemencic
3660:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3629:Theodore Zoli
3627:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3445:John A. Volpe
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3410:
3405:
3403:
3398:
3396:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3374:
3373:Naeem Hussain
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3331:Mike Schlaich
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3307:Paul Westbury
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3271:Roger Johnson
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3187:Jörg Schlaich
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3175:Anthony Flint
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3163:Michael Horne
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3145:Alec Skempton
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3127:Oleg Kerensky
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3067:Félix Candela
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3025:
3020:
3018:
3013:
3011:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2990:
2989:Asad M. Madni
2986:
2984:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2888:
2887:George Tamaro
2884:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2870:
2869:Daniel Goldin
2866:
2864:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2775:
2774:Ralph B. Peck
2771:
2769:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2739:
2738:David Packard
2735:
2733:
2732:Ian MacGregor
2729:
2727:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2680:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2584:
2583:John R. Suman
2580:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2542:
2541:Vannevar Bush
2538:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2306:Elihu Thomson
2303:
2301:
2300:James Douglas
2297:
2295:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2189:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2073:
2072:Twin Towers 2
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2050:Silver dollar
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1868:
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1825:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
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1807:
1806:Fulton Center
1804:
1792:,
1788:,
1784:,
1780:,
1776:,
1772:,
1767:
1766:Fulton Street
1764:
1757:
1756:WTC Cortlandt
1754:
1744:,
1736:,
1732:,
1728:,
1724:,
1719:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1703:
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1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:Rapid transit
1690:
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1591:
1588:Site, towers,
1585:
1582:
1580:
1574:
1562:
1559:
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1086:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
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1037:
1033:
1026:
1010:
1006:
1000:
985:(in Japanese)
984:
980:
974:
967:
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950:
935:
931:
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921:
905:
901:
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773:1-4000-4601-7
769:
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553:1993 bombing.
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326:Richard Serra
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97:
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74:
69:
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55:
50:
33:
29:
22:
19:
3688:Kit Miyamoto
3678:2021-present
3656:Marc Edwards
3620:John Hillman
3533:
3361:Michael Cook
3277:Joseph Locke
3265:John Roberts
3258:
3253:Sam Thorburn
3223:John Burland
3211:Anthony Hunt
2987:2023 :
2982:
2981:2022 :
2975:2021 :
2970:
2969:2020 :
2964:
2963:2019 :
2957:2018 :
2953:Frank Kreith
2951:2017 :
2945:2015 :
2939:2014 :
2933:2013 :
2928:
2927:2012 :
2921:2011 :
2915:2010 :
2909:2009 :
2903:2008 :
2897:2007 :
2892:
2891:2006 :
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2873:2003 :
2867:2002 :
2861:2001 :
2855:2000 :
2838:1999 :
2832:1998 :
2826:1997 :
2820:1996 :
2814:1995 :
2808:1994 :
2804:Gordon Moore
2802:1993 :
2798:Serge Gratch
2796:1992 :
2792:Hunter Rouse
2790:1991 :
2784:1990 :
2778:1989 :
2772:1988 :
2768:Ralph Landau
2766:1987 :
2760:1986 :
2754:1985 :
2748:1984 :
2742:1983 :
2736:1982 :
2730:1981 :
2724:1980 :
2718:1979 :
2712:1978 :
2706:1977 :
2700:1976 :
2694:1975 :
2679:H. I. Romnes
2677:1974 :
2673:Lyman Wilber
2671:1973 :
2665:1972 :
2659:1971 :
2653:1970 :
2647:1969 :
2641:1968 :
2635:1967 :
2629:1966 :
2623:1965 :
2617:1964 :
2611:1963 :
2605:1962 :
2599:1961 :
2593:1960 :
2587:1959 :
2581:1958 :
2575:1957 :
2571:Philip Sporn
2569:1956 :
2563:1955 :
2557:1954 :
2551:1953 :
2545:1952 :
2539:1951 :
2533:1950 :
2516:1949 :
2510:1948 :
2504:1947 :
2500:Zay Jeffries
2498:1946 :
2492:1945 :
2486:1944 :
2480:1943 :
2474:1942 :
2468:1941 :
2465:(posthumous)
2461:1940 :
2455:1939 :
2449:1938 :
2443:1937 :
2437:1936 :
2434:(posthumous)
2430:1935 :
2427:(posthumous)
2423:1934 :
2417:1933 :
2411:1932 :
2405:1931 :
2399:1930 :
2393:1929 :
2387:1928 :
2381:1927 :
2375:1926 :
2369:1925 :
2352:1924 :
2346:1923 :
2340:1922 :
2328:1920 :
2316:1918 :
2310:1917 :
2304:1916 :
2298:1915 :
2292:1914 :
2287:
2286:1913 :
2280:1912 :
2270:Alfred Noble
2268:1910 :
2262:1909 :
2256:1908 :
2250:1907 :
2244:1906 :
2238:1905 :
2233:
2232:1904 :
2227:
2226:1903 :
2220:1902 :
2061:
1993:
1979:Michael Arad
1974:David Childs
1904:
1894:
1886:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1800: trains)
1752: trains)
1678:
1671:
1650:Liberty Park
1603:Construction
1504:Major events
1492:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1368:Construction
1283:. Retrieved
1273:
1261:. Retrieved
1257:the original
1243:
1233:February 12,
1231:. Retrieved
1227:the original
1217:
1207:February 11,
1205:. Retrieved
1201:the original
1196:
1187:
1177:November 25,
1175:. Retrieved
1168:the original
1159:
1147:
1135:. Retrieved
1131:the original
1126:
1117:
1107:February 12,
1105:. Retrieved
1085:
1075:November 25,
1073:. Retrieved
1069:the original
1060:
1051:
1041:February 11,
1039:. Retrieved
1035:
1025:
1015:February 11,
1013:. Retrieved
1008:
999:
989:February 11,
987:. Retrieved
982:
973:
955:
949:
939:November 25,
937:. Retrieved
929:
920:
908:. Retrieved
903:
894:
884:February 11,
882:. Retrieved
878:the original
868:
858:February 12,
856:. Retrieved
844:
835:
825:
815:February 12,
813:. Retrieved
809:
782:
763:
757:
747:February 11,
745:. Retrieved
739:
686:February 11,
684:. Retrieved
680:
670:
532:
468:
448:
441:
338:
287:
280:
265:
261:
249:
241:
207:
206:
143:Institutions
126:
62:(2021-02-11)
18:
3715:2021 deaths
3710:1928 births
3543:Jack Lemley
3349:Ding Jiemin
3343:Jo da Silva
3283:Mike Glover
3235:Ian Liddell
3157:Frank Newby
3151:Alan Harris
3061:Hardy Cross
3043:Henry Adams
2577:Ben Moreell
2240:Lord Kelvin
1846:Competition
1762: train)
1428:The Bathtub
1360:(1973–2001)
1197:Chi Epsilon
979:"松井源吾賞について"
616:Chi Epsilon
444:SawTeen See
330:1978 repair
179:, Hong Kong
108:SawTeen See
3704:Categories
3313:Chris Wise
3301:Allan Mann
3103:Yves Guyon
3049:John Baker
2762:Simon Ramo
2470:Ralph Budd
2222:John Fritz
1984:THINK Team
1906:The Sphere
1895:The Rising
1680:The Sphere
1577:Second WTC
1480:The Sphere
662:References
431:Pittsburgh
385:, Shanghai
339:Since the
300:, and the
294:Pittsburgh
230:, and the
224:Pittsburgh
197:Gold Medal
133:Discipline
91:Occupation
41:1928-02-12
3580:2001–2020
3500:1981–2000
3423:1966–1980
3367:Paul Fast
3181:Jack Zunz
2977:Elon Musk
2688:1975–1999
2527:1950–1974
2363:1925–1949
2214:1902–1924
1887:Postcards
1873:Empty Sky
1714:stations
1701:stations
1541:Aftermath
1358:First WTC
1281:. Acciona
966:0891-9526
635:from the
625:from the
601:from the
487:992528782
368:Manhattan
306:I. M. Pei
99:Spouse(s)
76:Education
3109:Ove Arup
2983:No award
2971:No award
2965:No award
2893:No award
2288:No award
2234:No award
2228:No award
1897:memorial
1889:memorial
1531:Timeline
1526:Collapse
1466:Ideogram
1285:June 20,
1263:April 1,
1160:ASCE.org
1098:Archived
1061:ASCE.org
910:March 6,
650:See also
561:of Japan
541:research
414:, Madrid
195:IStructE
165:Projects
94:Engineer
3644:HT Tran
3033:winners
2062:Former:
1667:Artwork
1608:Tenants
1536:Victims
1433:Tenants
1372:Towers
1137:May 18,
930:NAE.edu
591:of the
314:Seattle
276:trusses
120:
112:
3690:(2024)
3664:(2018)
3658:(2017)
3652:(2016)
3646:(2015)
3640:(2014)
3631:(2012)
3622:(2010)
3616:(2009)
3610:(2008)
3545:(1991)
3536:(1989)
3509:(1981)
3483:(1977)
3477:(1976)
3468:(1974)
3462:(1973)
3456:(1972)
3447:(1970)
3438:(1968)
3375:(2022)
3369:(2021)
3363:(2020)
3357:(2019)
3351:(2018)
3345:(2017)
3339:(2016)
3333:(2015)
3327:(2014)
3321:(2013)
3315:(2012)
3309:(2012)
3303:(2011)
3297:(2010)
3291:(2009)
3285:(2008)
3279:(2007)
3273:(2006)
3267:(2005)
3261:(2004)
3255:(2003)
3249:(2001)
3243:(2000)
3237:(1999)
3231:(1998)
3225:(1997)
3219:(1996)
3213:(1994)
3207:(1992)
3201:(1991)
3195:(1991)
3189:(1990)
3183:(1988)
3177:(1988)
3171:(1987)
3165:(1986)
3159:(1985)
3153:(1984)
3147:(1981)
3141:(1980)
3135:(1979)
3129:(1977)
3123:(1975)
3117:(1973)
3111:(1973)
3105:(1972)
3099:(1971)
3093:(1968)
3087:(1967)
3081:(1964)
3075:(1962)
3069:(1960)
3063:(1958)
3057:(1957)
3051:(1953)
3045:(1922)
2156:Park51
1932:People
964:
770:
495:Awards
485:
475:
322:Berlin
320:, and
308:, and
296:, the
258:Career
191:(2012)
184:Awards
70:, U.S.
51:, U.S.
2849:2000–
2040:Music
2008:Other
1912:Cross
1171:(PDF)
1156:(PDF)
1101:(PDF)
1094:(PDF)
853:(PDF)
641:2015
631:2012
621:2011
597:2004
587:2004
580:2003
564:2002
557:1993
461:Books
114:(
110:
1699:PATH
1423:Mall
1287:2016
1265:2013
1235:2020
1209:2021
1179:2015
1139:2012
1109:2021
1077:2015
1043:2021
1017:2021
991:2021
962:ISSN
941:2015
912:2019
886:2021
860:2021
817:2021
768:ISBN
749:2021
688:2021
582:ASCE
483:OCLC
473:ISBN
57:Died
31:Born
2067:IFC
1598:One
1443:Art
292:in
222:in
3706::
1251:.
1195:.
1162:.
1158:.
1125:.
1063:.
1059:.
1034:.
1007:.
932:.
928:.
902:.
834:.
808:.
791:^
738:.
696:^
681:nj
679:.
521:,
511:,
481:.
471:.
429:,
366:,
316:,
226:,
116:m.
84:BS
3408:e
3401:t
3394:v
3023:e
3016:t
3009:v
2199:e
2192:t
2185:v
1798:Z
1794:J
1790:C
1786:A
1782:5
1778:4
1774:3
1770:2
1768:(
1760:1
1758:(
1750:W
1746:R
1742:N
1738:E
1734:C
1730:A
1726:3
1722:2
1720:(
1635:7
1630:5
1625:4
1620:3
1615:2
1406:7
1401:6
1396:5
1391:4
1386:3
1381:2
1376:1
1342:e
1335:t
1328:v
1289:.
1267:.
1237:.
1211:.
1181:.
1141:.
1111:.
1079:.
1045:.
1019:.
993:.
943:.
914:.
888:.
862:.
819:.
776:.
751:.
690:.
489:.
86:)
82:(
43:)
39:(
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