362:). The saga exists in two widely divergent versions. The first of these is written in Dublin, Trinity College MS 1337 pp. 363bâ365a, better known as H. 3. 18 (CIH iii: 882.4â883.28) and has been dated to the eighth century (Binchy 1952). The second version is a copy of the 8th century text written on a single leaf inserted into London, British Library MS Harley 432 f.5 (CIH ii: 354.28â355.41). The saga was rewritten in the 13th century as a burlesque version. The text contains an episode in which
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607:, having a red beard and green hat, etc. is a more modern invention, or borrowed from other strands of European folklore. The most likely explanation for the modern day Leprechaun appearance is that green is a traditional national Irish color dating back as far as 1642. The hat might be derived from the style of outdated fashion still common in Ireland in the 19th century. This style of fashion was commonly worn by
2272:
387:, but was frequently seen mending his own shoes, as "he runs about so much he wears them out" with great frequency. This is, he claims, the perfect opportunity for a human being to capture the Leprechaun, refusing to release him until the Leprechaun gives his captor supernatural wealth.
642:
in that he is a solitary creature. Some writers even go as far as to substitute these second two less well-known spirits for the leprechaun in stories or tales to reach a wider audience. The clurichaun is considered by some to be merely a leprechaun on a drinking spree.
498:, the solitary fairies, like the leprechaun, wear red jackets, whereas the "trooping fairies" wear green. Yeats' leprechaun wore a jacket with seven rows of buttons with seven buttons to each row. Yeats describes that on the western coast, the red jacket is covered by a
750:
Films, animated cartoons, and advertising have popularised a specific image of leprechauns which bears little resemblance to anything found in the cycles of Irish folklore. Some argue that the popularised image of the leprechaun is little more than a series of
525:
of lace are at his wrists. On the wild west coast, where the
Atlantic winds bring almost constant rains, he dispenses with ruff and frills and wears a frieze overcoat over his pretty red suit, so that, unless on the lookout for the cocked hat,
459:, buried of old in war-time", which they have uncovered and appropriated. According to David Russell McAnally, the leprechaun is the son of an "evil spirit" and a "degenerate fairy" and is "not wholly good nor wholly evil".
426:) and raths. Leprachaun being solitary is one distinguishing characteristic, but additionally, the leprachaun is thought to only engage in pranks on the level of mischief, and requiring special caution, but in contrast, the
382:
The leprechaun is said to be a solitary creature, whose principal occupation is making and cobbling shoes, and who enjoys practical jokes. In McAnally's 1888 account, the
Leprechaun was not a professional
506:
the creature wears a cocked hat, and when he is up to anything unusually mischievous, he leaps onto a wall and spins, balancing himself on the point of the hat with his heels in the air.
478:
The leprechaun originally had a different appearance depending on where in
Ireland he was found. Before the 20th century, it was generally held that the leprechaun wore red, not green.
860:
that Irish GDP had grown by 26.3%, and Irish GNP had grown by 18.7%, in the 2015 Irish national accounts. The growth was subsequently shown to be due to Apple restructuring its
570:
wore "a swallow-tailed evening coat of red with green vest, white breeches, black stockings," shiny shoes, and a "long cone hat without a brim," sometimes used as a weapon.
864:
tax scheme which the EU Commission had fined âŹ13bn in 2004â2014 Irish unpaid taxes, the largest corporate tax fine in history. The term has been used many times since.
403:
literary movement greatly influential in "calling attention to the leprechaun" in the late 19th century. This classification by Yeats is derived from D. R. McAnally (
1560:, the 'good people', who populate the fairy mounds and raths, steal children, beguile humans, and perform other malicious pranks. "; also partially quoted by Harvey.
433:
This identification of leprechaun as a fairy has been consigned to popular notion by modern folklorist
Diarmuid Ă GiollĂĄin. Ă GiollĂĄin observes that the
1952:
1774:
Andries
Burgers (21 May 2006). "Ireland: Green Flag". Flags of the World. Citing G. A. Hayes-McCoy, A History of Irish Flags from earliest times (1979)
1822:
1801:
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Irish
Wonders: The Ghosts, Giants, Pookas, Demons, Leprechawns, Banshees, Fairies, Witches, Widows, Old Maids, and Other Marvels of the Emerald Isle
675:
For many years, we were afflicted with the miserable trivialities of our tourist advertising. Sometimes it descended to the lowest depths, to the
1056:
The
Commission would have preferred the project be not about leprechauns, and Delargy was clearly of this sentiment. The commission's archivist
1680:
770:
groups have used the term leprechaun as part of their naming convention or as an album title. Some popular forms of
American music, including
856:" to describe distorted or unsound economic data, which he first used in a tweet on 12 July 2016 in response to the publication by the Irish
486:... quite a beau in his dress, notwithstanding, for he wears a red square-cut coat, richly laced with gold, and inexpressible of the same,
1398:
533:
This dress varied by region. In McAnally's account there were differences between leprechauns or
Logherymans from different regions:
908:, but never asked for leprechaun material, even though a large folkloric repository on such subject was housed by the commission.
326:(brogue), because of the frequent portrayal of the leprechaun as working on a single shoe, as evident in the alternative spelling
521:, and a hat, cocked in the style of a century ago, over a little, old, withered face. Round his neck is an Elizabethan ruff, and
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258:(1604): "As for your Irish lubrican, that spirit / Whom by preposterous charms thy lust hath rais'd / In a wrong circle."
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was "featured parenthetically". In the film, the captured leprechaun king grants three wishes, like Fergus in the saga.
827:, a character created by professional wrestler Dylan Mark Postl, who competed under the persona for the majority of his
4213:
1572:, p. 237: "The Luricane, Lurigadawne, or Leprechawn, is an elf essentially to be discriminated from the wandering
922:
660:
2704:
2316:
1904:
1874:
1152:
737:
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2131:Ă GiollĂĄin, Diarmuid (1984). "The LeipreachĂĄn and Fairies, Dwarfs and the Household Familiar: A Comparative Study".
4290:
3454:
1336:
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clothes were still common in
Ireland in the 19th century long after they were out of fashion, as depicted by the
301:
2066:
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature
3684:
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1068:
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1043:
The anthologist Charles Squire makes the further considers the Irish fairy to be part of the tradition of the
2599:
2499:
2211:
Winberry, John J. (1976). "The Elusive Elf: Some Thoughts on the Nature and Origin of the Irish Leprechaun".
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and white breeches, with a broad-brimmed, high, pointed hat, on which he would sometimes stand upside down".
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It is stressed that the leprechaun, though some may call it fairy, is clearly to be distinguished from the
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as "a sprite, a pigmy; a fairy of a diminutive size, who always carries a purse containing a shilling".
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1823:"DĂĄil Ăireann â Volume 206 â 11 December, 1963 Committee on Finance. â Vote 13âAn Chomhairle EalaoĂn"
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408:
1588:, p. 93: "Unlike Leprechawns, the good people are not solitary, but quite sociable"; quoted by
1047:, whereas the leprachaun, puca (and the English/Scottish household spirits) have a different origin.
4141:
4024:
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2062:"Armchair Folklore: Yeats and the Textual Sources of "Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry""
861:
812:
619:. The buckle shoes and other garments also have their origin in the Elizabethan period in Ireland.
1735:
1667:
1467:
1062:
284:
4009:
2190:
Tracy, Tony (2010). "When Disney Met Delargy: 'Darby O'Gill' and the Irish Folklore Commission".
1605:
The Mythology of the British Islands: An Introduction to Celtic Myth, Legend, Poetry, and Romance
1299:
1236:
901:
708:
1556:, p. 63: "The leprechaun is unique among Irish fairies and should not be confused with the
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144:, wearing a coat and hat, who partake in mischief. In later times, they have been depicted as
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While the film project was in development, Walt Disney was in contact with, and consulting
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He is about three feet high, and is dressed in a little red jacket or roundabout, with red
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The leprechaun has been classed as a "solitary fairy" by the writer and amateur folklorist
248:
1985:
An Encyclopedia of Fairies: Hobgoblins, Brownies, Bogies, and Other Supernatural Creatures
1974:
1439:
370:, falls asleep on the beach and wakes to find himself being dragged into the sea by three
8:
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1802:"DĂĄil Ăireann â Volume 495 â 20 October, 1998 â Tourist Traffic Bill, 1998: Second Stage"
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The earliest known reference to the leprechaun appears in the medieval tale known as the
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ye might pass a Leprechawn on the road and never know it's himself that's in it at all.
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The Fairy Mythology: Illustrative of the Romance and Superstition of Various Countries
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may carry out deeds more menacing to humans, e.g., the spiriting away of children.
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374:. He captures his abductors, who grant him three wishes in exchange for release.
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on the Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language (accessed 6 September 2019)
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in O'Reilly's Dictionary has also been recognized as an alternative spelling.
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A modern depiction of a leprechaun of the type popularised in the 20th century
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1530:"The Supernatural in Immigrant and Ethnic Folklore: Conflict or Coexistence?"
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was a "fat, pursy little fellow whose jolly round face rivals in redness the
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This article is about the creature in Irish folklore. For other uses, see
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247:. The first recorded instance of the word in the English language was in
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2077:
1968:
1144:
Myth, Legend & Romance: An encyclopaedia of the Irish folk tradition
970:
Windisch does not comment on this being the root to English "leprechaun"
509:
According to McAnally the universal leprechaun is described as follows:
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Or Yeats of "armchair folklore", to use a moniker from Kinahan's paper.
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722: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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is used throughout Ireland, but there are numerous regional variants.
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2011:
1899:(2nd revised ed.). New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 96.
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also recalls suggesting as alternatives the heroic sagas like the
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he wears, that always has seven rows of seven buttons in each row".
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wore an "antique slashed jacket of red, with peaks all round and a
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Lost Irish words rediscovered, including the word for âoozes pus'
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438:
304:. Research published in 2019 suggests the word derives from the
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1866:
The Irish in Us: Irishness, Performativity, and Popular Culture
1207:", Oxford University Press, (subscription needed) 16 July 2009.
503:
472:
455:, the great wealth of the leprechauns comes from the "treasure-
367:
2176:
The Irish in Us: Irishness, Performativity and Popular Culture
1387:
Leprechaun 'is not a native Irish word' new dictionary reveals
1269:, Oxford University Press, (subscription needed) 16 July 2009.
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1326:, Oxford University Press, (subscription needed) 16 July 2009
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141:
137:
74:
66:
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2244:
Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of Ireland
2124:
Irish folk lore: traditions and superstitions of the country
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1616:
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booksâwhich features a leprechaun king, is a work in which
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1414:
1215:
1213:
4136:
2837:
2694:
840:
and its sequels feature a killer leprechaun portrayed by
828:
587:
1371:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
552:, also sporting a sword, which he uses as a magic wand".
1210:
537:
The Northern Leprechaun or Logheryman wore a "military
1628:
1497:
1444:
1290:
1288:
342:
A leprechaun counts his gold in this engraving c. 1900
1119:
982:(1927) defines as "a pigmy, a sprite, or leprechaun".
1994:
Fairy Legends and Traditions of the South of Ireland
1402:
786:, have also made use of the mythological character.
1963:(Contributions in Memory of Osborn Bergin): 33â48.
1925:
1485:
1473:
1285:
867:In the U.S., Leprechauns are often associated with
1231:O'Donovan's supplement in O'Reilly, Edward (1864)
1177:. Whitley Stokes. Leipzig: S. Hirzel. p. 839.
231:Other variant spellings in English have included
4277:
1225:
603:The modern image of the leprechaun sitting on a
471:Tourists with a novelty oversized Leprechaun in
148:who have a hidden pot of gold at the end of the
3268:
1549:
1547:
582:describes the appearance of the leprechaun as:
482:, writing in 1831, describes the leprechaun as,
1401:, Queen's University Belfast research for the
140:. They are usually depicted as little bearded
2310:
964:, which is identified as Middle Irish by the
655:, leprechauns have been used to refer to the
159:and only became prominent in later folklore.
2114:
1622:
1569:
1544:
1351:(Contributions in Memory of Osborn Bergin):
420:(or the 'good people') of the fairy mounds (
2256:Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry
2178:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 2006.
1862:
1785:Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry
1719:Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry
347:
243:. Some modern Irish books use the spelling
216:
200:
155:Leprechaun-like creatures rarely appear in
4260:
2317:
2303:
2130:
1310:
1308:
1219:
871:along with the color green and shamrocks.
2089:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
1889:
1856:
1377:, Houghton Mifflin Company, 16 July 2009.
738:Learn how and when to remove this message
2210:
2159:
1883:
1634:
1585:
1553:
1503:
1450:
1167:
1147:. New York: Prentice Hall. p. 270.
1137:
663:. This can be seen from this example of
466:
337:
300:"body"), or so it had been suggested by
136:, classed by some as a type of solitary
2324:
2059:
2010:Kane, W. F. de Vismes (31 March 1917).
1839:
1589:
1515:
1479:
1305:
1161:
599:Leather apron â shoe in his lap...
14:
4278:
2246:. London : Ward and Downey, 1887.
1947:
1601:
1595:
1527:
1521:
1435:
1335:
1329:
1249:
1247:
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1131:
1125:
834:The 1993 American horror slasher-film
789:Famous leprechaun characters include:
593:Spectacles stuck on his pointed nose,
4265:List of beings referred to as fairies
3267:
2470:
2298:
2249:
2189:
2012:"Notes on Irish Folklore (Continued)"
1931:
1919:
1863:Diane Negra, ed. (22 February 2006).
1646:
1491:
1073:
1016:
609:Irish immigrants to the United States
441:and other traditions, as well as the
333:
2471:
2111:. London: Baldwin and Cradock, 1831.
2083:
2009:
1282:(Dublin: Irish Texts Society, 1927).
1002:, attests to the early influence of
943:
821:, who is featured on the team's logo
817:Lucky the Leprechaun, mascot of the
720:adding citations to reliable sources
691:
625:
586:...A wrinkled, wizen'd, and bearded
1869:. Duke University Press. p. .
1242:
1181:
653:politics of the Republic of Ireland
517:buckled at the knee, gray or black
448:, are more amenable to comparison.
24:
1748:William Allingham â The Leprechaun
923:Irish mythology in popular culture
882:Darby O'Gill and the Little People
687:
576:The Lepracaun; or, Fairy Shoemaker
45:
25:
4307:
2264:
1405:reported by Cambridge University.
1187:Windisch cited as "Cf. Windisch
683:, not to speak of the leprechaun.
630:The leprechaun is similar to the
390:
308:and associated Roman festival of
126:lucharachĂĄn/leipreachĂĄn/luchorpĂĄn
4259:
4250:
4249:
2282:
2270:
2160:McAnally, David Russell (1888).
1765:A dictionary of Celtic mythology
1528:Harvey, Clodagh Brennan (1987).
1403:Dictionary of the Irish Language
696:
1940:
1913:
1896:Early Medieval Ireland 400-1200
1833:
1794:
1777:
1768:
1759:
1741:
1724:
1711:
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1640:
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1028:
1009:
985:
973:
956:Another (intermediary) form is
874:
858:Central Statistics Office (CSO)
707:needs additional citations for
357:Adventure of Fergus son of LĂ©ti
194:
2250:Yeats, William Butler (1888),
2109:Legends and Stories of Ireland
1707:Legends and Stories of Ireland
1534:Folklore and Mythology Studies
1094:
995:, which was borrowed from the
950:
848:Nobel Prize-winning economist
646:
13:
1:
2028:10.1080/0015587x.1917.9718960
1996:. London: William Tegg, 1862.
1953:"The Saga of Fergus Mac LĂ©ti"
1844:Gold: A Cultural Encyclopedia
1612:. pp. 247â248, 393, 403.
1440:"The Saga of Fergus mac LĂ©ti"
1320:The Oxford English Dictionary
1280:FoclĂłir Gaedhilge agus BĂ©arla
1259:The Oxford English Dictionary
1253:O'Donovan in O'Reilly (1817)
1237:lugharcĂĄn, lugracĂĄn, lupracĂĄn
1193:The Oxford English Dictionary
1102:"Leprechaun: a new etymology"
1083:
462:
407:, 1888) derived in turn from
218:lugharcĂĄn, lugracĂĄn, lupracĂĄn
2252:"The Legend of Knockgrafton"
2120:"XVII: The Solitary Fairies"
1174:Irische Texte mit Wörterbuch
1088:
596:Silver buckles to his hose,
211:'s supplement to O'Reilly's
175:is descended from Old Irish
162:
7:
3269:Fairy-like beings worldwide
2056:. London: H. G. Bohn, 1870.
2006:. London: David Nutt, 1910.
1987:. New York: Pantheon, 1978.
1296:An Irish-English Dictionary
1233:An Irish-English Dictionary
1069:The Well at the World's End
911:
887:Herminie Templeton Kavanagh
377:
270:as a compound of the roots
261:
32:Leprechaun (disambiguation)
10:
4312:
2336:Classifications of fairies
578:, 18th century Irish poet
29:
4240:
4169:
4102:
3957:
3861:
3745:
3738:
3672:
3523:
3397:
3321:
3274:
3263:
2986:
2740:
2477:
2466:
2435:
2342:
2333:
1840:Venable, Shannon (2011).
1518:, p. 257 and note 5.
906:Irish Folklore Commission
807:, official mascot of the
283:
102:
92:
84:
58:
44:
1602:Squire, Charles (1905).
1389:, BBC, 5 September 2019.
1294:O'Reilly, Edward (1864)
813:University of Notre Dame
661:tourism field in Ireland
399:. Yeats was part of the
213:Irish-English Dictionary
27:Irish legendary creature
4291:Mythological tricksters
2705:Dökkålfar and Ljósålfar
1576:, or trooping fairies."
266:The word may have been
4177:Christmas gift-bringer
2595:Brown Man of the Muirs
1006:on the Irish language.
685:
601:
531:
492:
475:
349:Echtra Fergus mac LĂ©ti
348:
343:
318:derives the word from
297:
217:
201:
125:
110:, forest, cave, garden
50:
3049:Nicnevin/Gyre-Carling
2560:Blue men of the Minch
2436:Abodes and structures
1848:. ABC-CLIO. pp.
805:Notre Dame Leprechaun
793:Lucky, the mascot of
673:
584:
511:
484:
470:
341:
199:The current spelling
177:luchorpĂĄn or lupracĂĄn
49:
3455:Hopkinsville Goblins
2279:at Wikimedia Commons
2060:Kinahan, F. (1983),
1341:"Mythological Notes"
1278:Patrick S. Dinneen,
1004:Ecclesiastical Latin
854:leprechaun economics
811:sports teams at the
755:based on derogatory
716:improve this article
490:, shoes and buckles.
453:William Butler Yeats
397:William Butler Yeats
185:luchrapĂĄn, lupraccĂĄn
3176:Sprite/Water sprite
2350:Celtic sacred trees
1415:lupracĂĄn, luchorpĂĄn
1257:. Suppl., cited in
918:Crichton Leprechaun
797:cereal, created by
574:In a poem entitled
544:The Lurigadawne of
41:
2505:Aos SĂ (Aes SĂdhe)
2258:, London: W. Scott
2126:, pp. 237â241
1753:1 May 2010 at the
1681:"Little Guy Style"
1438:ed. & trans.,
1199:", 2nd ed., 1989,
566:The Cluricawne of
476:
344:
334:Early attestations
128:) is a diminutive
63:Legendary creature
51:
39:
4273:
4272:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4231:
3904:Headless Horseman
3445:Fearsome critters
3259:
3258:
2287:Works related to
2275:Media related to
2184:978-0-8223-8784-8
2168:Houghton, Mifflin
1981:Briggs, Katharine
1891:O Croinin, Daibhi
1829:on 12 March 2007.
1373:, 4th ed., 2004,
1322:, 2nd ed., 1989,
1265:", 2nd ed, 1989,
1220:Ă GiollĂĄin (1984)
1106:bill.celt.dias.ie
944:Explanatory notes
869:St. Patrick's Day
852:coined the term "
748:
747:
740:
626:Similar creatures
580:William Allingham
555:The Luricawne of
167:The Anglo-Irish (
114:
113:
16:(Redirected from
4303:
4263:
4262:
4253:
4252:
4246:
3949:Tuatha DĂ© Danann
3919:Jimmy Squarefoot
3743:
3742:
3470:Little green men
3265:
3264:
3231:Will-o'-the-wisp
2999:Margot the fairy
2948:Lady of the Lake
2898:Jenny Greenteeth
2893:Jack o' the bowl
2725:Queen of Elphame
2472:Attested fairies
2468:
2467:
2343:Related articles
2319:
2312:
2305:
2296:
2295:
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2156:
2145:10.2307/20522237
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1972:
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1923:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1825:. Archived from
1819:
1810:
1809:
1804:. Archived from
1798:
1792:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1757:
1745:
1739:
1728:
1722:
1715:
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1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1683:. Archived from
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1654:
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1638:
1632:
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1599:
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1229:
1223:
1217:
1208:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1139:Ă hĂgĂĄin, DĂĄithĂ
1135:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1098:
1077:
1054:
1048:
1045:Tuatha DĂ© Danann
1041:
1035:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1013:
1007:
989:
983:
977:
971:
954:
928:Leprechaun traps
885:(1959)âbased on
879:The Disney film
743:
736:
732:
729:
723:
700:
692:
665:John A. Costello
561:cut-a-way jacket
502:one, whereas in
361:
355:
351:
287:
254:The Honest Whore
220:
204:
183:) forms such as
42:
38:
21:
4311:
4310:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4244:
4228:
4165:
4098:
4040:Enchanted Moura
3953:
3857:
3734:
3730:Yara-ma-yha-who
3668:
3519:
3393:
3317:
3270:
3255:
3019:Mooinjer veggey
2982:
2888:Jack-o'-lantern
2853:HeinzelmÀnnchen
2736:
2473:
2462:
2431:
2407:Household deity
2365:Fairy godmother
2338:
2329:
2323:
2267:
2262:
2099:
2004:Beside The Fire
1943:
1938:
1930:
1926:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1861:
1857:
1838:
1834:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1808:on 15 May 2006.
1800:
1799:
1795:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1755:Wayback Machine
1746:
1742:
1729:
1725:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1690:
1688:
1687:on 29 July 2007
1679:
1678:
1674:
1661:
1657:
1645:
1641:
1635:McAnally (1888)
1633:
1629:
1623:O'Hanlon (1870)
1621:
1617:
1610:Blackie and Son
1600:
1596:
1586:McAnally (1888)
1584:
1580:
1570:O'Hanlon (1870)
1568:
1564:
1554:Winberry (1976)
1552:
1545:
1526:
1522:
1514:
1510:
1504:Winberry (1976)
1502:
1498:
1490:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1461:
1457:
1451:Winberry (1976)
1449:
1445:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1413:
1409:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1364:
1360:
1337:Stokes, Whitley
1334:
1330:
1313:
1306:
1293:
1286:
1277:
1273:
1252:
1243:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1211:
1186:
1182:
1169:Windisch, Ernst
1166:
1162:
1155:
1136:
1132:
1128:, p. 41n2.
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1055:
1051:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1020:
1014:
1010:
990:
986:
980:Patrick Dinneen
978:
974:
955:
951:
946:
933:Mooinjer veggey
914:
895:Fergus mac LĂ©ti
877:
744:
733:
727:
724:
713:
701:
690:
688:Popular culture
667:addressing the
659:aspects of the
649:
628:
622:
613:Elizabethan era
465:
393:
380:
364:Fergus mac LĂ©ti
359:
353:
336:
264:
224:The Irish term
197:
179:, via various (
169:Hiberno-English
165:
157:Irish mythology
77:
73:
69:
65:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4309:
4299:
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4257:
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4241:
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4230:
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4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4173:
4171:
4170:Cross-regional
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4117:
4112:
4110:Dames blanches
4106:
4104:
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4099:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
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4044:
4043:
4042:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4015:Kallikantzaros
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3990:Doñas de fuera
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
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3891:
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3805:
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3697:
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3682:
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3669:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3647:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3618:Mrenh kongveal
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
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3573:
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3325:
3323:
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3314:
3313:
3308:
3298:
3293:
3284:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3251:Yan-gant-y-tan
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
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3143:
3138:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3044:Nelly Longarms
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2983:
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2975:
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2965:
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2955:
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2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2848:The Hedley Kow
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2818:Gwragedd Annwn
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
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2735:
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2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2692:
2687:
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2667:
2662:
2657:
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2647:
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2637:
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2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
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2474:
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2461:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2422:Tutelary deity
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2382:
2377:
2375:Fairy painting
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2340:
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2334:
2331:
2330:
2322:
2321:
2314:
2307:
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2293:
2292:
2280:
2266:
2265:External links
2263:
2261:
2260:
2247:
2237:
2208:
2187:
2172:
2157:
2128:
2116:O'Hanlon, John
2112:
2103:
2097:
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2057:
2048:
2007:
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1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1936:
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1882:
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1793:
1776:
1767:
1758:
1740:
1723:
1710:
1698:
1672:
1655:
1639:
1627:
1625:, p. 237.
1615:
1594:
1592:, p. 257.
1590:Kinahan (1983)
1578:
1562:
1543:
1520:
1516:Kinahan (1983)
1508:
1496:
1484:
1480:Kinahan (1983)
1472:
1455:
1443:
1428:
1426:Koch, p. 1200.
1419:
1407:
1391:
1379:
1375:Dictionary.com
1358:
1345:Revue Celtique
1328:
1304:
1284:
1271:
1241:
1224:
1209:
1180:
1160:
1153:
1130:
1118:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1072:, to no avail.
1049:
1036:
1027:
1008:
984:
972:
962:Ernst Windisch
948:
947:
945:
942:
941:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
913:
910:
902:SĂ©amus Delargy
876:
873:
846:
845:
832:
822:
819:Boston Celtics
815:
809:Fighting Irish
801:
746:
745:
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702:
695:
689:
686:
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645:
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461:
392:
391:Classification
389:
379:
376:
335:
332:
316:Folk etymology
302:Whitley Stokes
263:
260:
209:John O'Donovan
196:
193:
164:
161:
134:Irish folklore
112:
111:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
86:
85:First attested
82:
81:
60:
56:
55:
52:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4187:Companions of
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4135:
4131:
4130:King Goldemar
4128:
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4105:
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4018:
4016:
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4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3939:Pictish Beast
3937:
3935:
3934:Morgan Le Fay
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
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3877:
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3870:
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3515:Yunwi Tsunsdi
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3430:Christmas elf
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3299:
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3296:Little people
3294:
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3252:
3249:
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3246:Yallery Brown
3244:
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2953:Lazy Laurence
2951:
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2938:Klabautermann
2936:
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2889:
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2883:Iannic-ann-ĂŽd
2881:
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2423:
2420:
2418:
2417:Nature spirit
2415:
2413:
2410:
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2297:
2291:at Wikisource
2290:
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2125:
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2117:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2085:Koch, John T.
2082:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2051:Keightley, T.
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2005:
2001:
2000:Hyde, Douglas
1998:
1995:
1992:
1991:Croker, T. C.
1989:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1949:Binchy, D. A.
1946:
1945:
1934:, p. 50.
1933:
1928:
1921:
1916:
1908:
1906:9781317192701
1902:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1878:
1876:0-8223-3740-1
1872:
1868:
1867:
1859:
1851:
1846:
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1836:
1828:
1824:
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1797:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1771:
1762:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1744:
1737:
1733:
1732:Irish Wonders
1727:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1669:
1665:
1664:Irish Wonders
1659:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1637:, p. 93.
1636:
1631:
1624:
1619:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1598:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1575:
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1566:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1512:
1506:, p. 72.
1505:
1500:
1494:, p. 80.
1493:
1488:
1481:
1476:
1469:
1465:
1464:Irish Wonders
1459:
1453:, p. 63.
1452:
1447:
1441:
1437:
1436:Binchy (1952)
1432:
1423:
1416:
1411:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1388:
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1275:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1250:
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1246:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1222:, p. 75.
1221:
1216:
1214:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1156:
1154:9780132759595
1150:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1134:
1127:
1126:Binchy (1952)
1122:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1093:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1066:or the novel
1065:
1064:
1059:
1053:
1046:
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998:
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898:
896:
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872:
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865:
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859:
855:
851:
843:
842:Warwick Davis
839:
838:
833:
830:
826:
823:
820:
816:
814:
810:
806:
802:
800:
799:General Mills
796:
792:
791:
790:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
762:
759:19th-century
758:
754:
742:
739:
731:
721:
717:
711:
710:
705:This section
703:
699:
694:
693:
684:
682:
678:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
644:
641:
640:
635:
634:
623:
620:
618:
614:
611:, since some
610:
606:
600:
597:
594:
591:
589:
583:
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569:
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562:
558:
554:
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536:
535:
534:
530:
529:
524:
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516:
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507:
505:
501:
497:
494:According to
491:
489:
483:
481:
474:
469:
460:
458:
454:
451:According to
449:
447:
444:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
424:
419:
418:
412:
410:
409:John O'Hanlon
406:
405:Irish Wonders
402:
398:
388:
386:
375:
373:
369:
365:
358:
350:
340:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
288:"small") and
286:
281:
277:
273:
269:
259:
257:
255:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
227:
222:
219:
214:
210:
206:
203:
192:
190:
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182:
178:
174:
170:
160:
158:
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147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
109:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
57:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
4161:WeiĂe Frauen
4157:Witte Wieven
3929:MenninkÀinen
3710:Patupaiarehe
3638:Hungry ghost
3623:Orang bunian
3541:Fallen angel
3485:Nordic alien
3221:Wicked fairy
3161:Sleih beggey
2968:Lubber fiend
2962:
2958:Leanan sĂdhe
2903:Joan the Wad
2868:Hobbididance
2828:Gwyn ap Nudd
2550:Bloody Bones
2520:Baobhan sith
2510:Arkan Sonney
2427:Water spirit
2412:Hungry grass
2380:Fairy riding
2255:
2243:
2219:(1): 63â75.
2216:
2212:
2195:
2191:
2175:
2174:Negra, D. .
2162:
2136:
2132:
2123:
2108:
2091:. ABC-CLIO.
2088:
2069:
2065:
2053:
2022:(1): 87â94.
2019:
2015:
2003:
1993:
1984:
1960:
1956:
1941:Bibliography
1932:Tracy (2010)
1927:
1922:, p. 35
1920:Tracy (2010)
1915:
1895:
1885:
1865:
1858:
1843:
1835:
1827:the original
1806:the original
1796:
1784:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1743:
1731:
1726:
1718:
1713:
1706:
1701:
1689:. Retrieved
1685:the original
1675:
1663:
1658:
1647:Yeats (1888)
1642:
1630:
1618:
1604:
1597:
1581:
1573:
1565:
1557:
1537:
1533:
1523:
1511:
1499:
1492:Yeats (1888)
1487:
1475:
1463:
1458:
1446:
1431:
1422:
1410:
1394:
1382:
1374:
1370:
1361:
1348:
1344:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1295:
1279:
1274:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1232:
1227:
1200:
1192:
1183:
1173:
1163:
1143:
1133:
1121:
1109:. Retrieved
1105:
1096:
1076:, p. 48
1074:Tracy (2010)
1067:
1061:
1052:
1039:
1030:
1017:Yeats (1888)
1011:
999:
992:
987:
975:
965:
960:, listed by
957:
952:
938:Sleih beggey
899:
891:Darby O'Gill
890:
880:
878:
875:Darby O'Gill
866:
862:double Irish
850:Paul Krugman
847:
835:
795:Lucky Charms
788:
776:celtic metal
768:Celtic music
765:
749:
734:
725:
714:Please help
709:verification
706:
674:
650:
637:
631:
629:
621:
602:
598:
595:
592:
585:
575:
573:
532:
527:
512:
508:
493:
485:
480:Samuel Lover
477:
450:
432:
427:
421:
415:
413:
404:
394:
381:
371:
356:
345:
327:
323:
319:
314:
305:
289:
275:
271:
265:
252:
244:
240:
236:
232:
230:
225:
223:
212:
207:
198:
195:Modern forms
188:
184:
181:Middle Irish
176:
172:
166:
154:
130:supernatural
117:
115:
36:
4286:Leprechauns
4182:Santa Claus
4010:Hippocampus
3700:Muldjewangk
3566:Inari Ćkami
3216:Water horse
3201:Tylwyth Teg
3191:Tooth fairy
3084:Pillywiggin
3034:Moss people
3004:Meg Mullach
2908:Joint-eater
2793:Ghillie Dhu
2753:Fairy Queen
2540:Billy Blind
2495:Alp Luachra
2402:Genius loci
2328:in folklore
2277:Leprechauns
2240:Wilde, Jane
2072:: 255â267,
1975:online text
1300:leithbrĂĄgan
825:Hornswoggle
772:heavy metal
761:caricatures
753:stereotypes
647:In politics
617:Stage Irish
328:leithbrĂĄgan
322:(half) and
226:leithbrĂĄgan
202:leipreachĂĄn
187:, (or var.
146:shoe-makers
106:Found in a
88:In folklore
18:Leprechauns
4296:Lupercalia
4280:Categories
4214:Salamander
3914:Jack Frost
3551:Há» ly tinh
3546:Fox spirit
3450:Grey alien
3410:Anchimayen
3211:Water bull
3156:Shellycoat
3079:Peg Powler
3064:Nuckelavee
3039:Nain Rouge
2963:Leprechaun
2858:Hinzelmann
2763:Fear gorta
2758:Fear dearg
2730:SvartĂĄlfar
2690:Each-uisge
2655:Colt pixie
2645:Clurichaun
2635:Ceffyl DƔr
2535:Bean nighe
2458:Fairy ring
2453:Fairy path
2443:Fairy fort
2385:Fairy tale
2370:Fairy-lock
2355:Changeling
2289:Leprechaun
2192:BĂ©aloideas
2166:. Boston:
2139:: 75â150.
2133:BĂ©aloideas
2098:1851094407
1730:McAnally,
1662:McAnally,
1608:. London:
1462:McAnally,
1367:leprechaun
1324:OED Online
1316:leprechaun
1267:OED Online
1263:leprechaun
1255:Irish Dict
1205:leprechaun
1201:OED Online
1197:leprechaun
1084:References
1058:BrĂd Mahon
837:Leprechaun
757:anti-Irish
728:March 2020
681:shillelagh
669:Oireachtas
639:far darrig
633:clurichaun
550:jockey cap
488:cocked hat
463:Appearance
401:revivalist
372:lĂșchorpĂĄin
366:, King of
310:Lupercalia
251:'s comedy
245:lioprachĂĄn
241:lepreehawn
173:leprechaun
118:leprechaun
40:Leprechaun
4194:Elemental
3884:Black dog
3603:Korpokkur
3556:Huli jing
3500:Pukwudgie
3480:Nimerigar
3440:Encantado
3384:Tikoloshe
3364:Mami Wata
3344:Bultungin
3334:Asanbosam
3275:Worldwide
3236:Wirry-cow
3094:PĂșca/Pwca
3029:Morvarc'h
2918:Kilmoulis
2873:Hobgoblin
2813:Grindylow
2788:Gancanagh
2768:Fenodyree
2720:HuldufĂłlk
2660:Cyhyraeth
2615:Bugul Noz
2448:Fairyland
2225:0015-587X
2198:: 44â60.
2106:Lover, S.
2036:0015-587X
1691:30 August
1558:Aes Sidhe
1298:, s.v. "
1235:, s.v. "
1089:Citations
991:The root
958:luchrupĂĄn
780:punk rock
671:in 1963â
605:toadstool
546:Tipperary
519:stockings
443:household
237:leprehaun
189:luchrupĂĄn
163:Etymology
132:being in
4255:Category
4245:See also
4224:Wild man
4125:Alberich
3995:Farfadet
3985:Dionysus
3975:Cercopes
3965:Basajaun
3958:Southern
3869:Aitvaras
3862:Northern
3848:Vodyanoy
3843:VĂąntoase
3833:Vadleany
3828:Ursitory
3823:SpiriduÈ
3818:SĂąnzianÄ
3778:Kikimora
3773:KarzeĆek
3725:Wandjina
3690:Menehune
3654:Yakshini
3608:Mazzikin
3598:Kijimuna
3536:Dokkaebi
3490:Nûñnë'hï
3435:Curupira
3425:Chaneque
3420:Canotila
3398:Americas
3291:Succubus
3282:Bogeyman
3171:Spriggan
3151:Seonaidh
3009:Melusine
2943:Korrigan
2833:Habetrot
2823:Gwyllion
2803:Glashtyn
2798:Glaistig
2778:Finvarra
2680:Dullahan
2650:Coblynau
2640:ClĂodhna
2625:Cat sĂŹth
2620:Caoineag
2530:Barghest
2397:Familiar
2213:Folklore
2204:41412207
2153:20522237
2118:(1870),
2087:(2006).
2078:25506103
2016:Folklore
1977:via UCD.
1969:30007384
1951:(1952).
1893:(2016).
1751:Archived
1339:(1870).
1171:(1880).
1141:(1991).
912:See also
904:and the
679:and the
636:and the
568:Monaghan
539:red coat
515:breeches
446:familiar
439:Teutonic
411:(1870).
378:Folklore
262:Meanings
256:, Part 2
233:lubrican
215:defines
59:Grouping
4219:Sandman
4147:Perchta
4142:Lorelei
4103:Western
4084:Thiasus
4069:Silenus
4020:Kobalos
3970:Centaur
3899:Haltija
3894:Gremlin
3813:Rusalka
3808:Psotnik
3803:Polevik
3798:Ovinnik
3763:Domovoy
3758:CÄpcÄun
3746:Eastern
3715:Taniwha
3673:Oceania
3571:Kitsune
3495:Pombero
3460:Ishigaq
3415:Caipora
3389:Yumboes
3369:Obayifo
3306:Mermaid
3301:Merfolk
3287:Incubus
3129:SkogsrÄ
3119:Radande
3109:BergsrÄ
2928:Knucker
2923:Knocker
2878:Hödekin
2843:Haltija
2808:Groac'h
2773:Finfolk
2715:Erlking
2710:Elegast
2675:Duergar
2630:CĂč SĂŹth
2610:Bugbear
2605:Buggane
2590:Brownie
2580:Boobrie
2570:Boggart
2555:Bluecap
2525:Banshee
2360:Elfshot
2326:Fairies
2233:1259500
2044:1255221
1783:Yeats,
1736:140â142
1195:s. v. "
1111:4 March
677:caubeen
651:In the
385:cobbler
306:Luperci
171:) word
150:rainbow
103:Details
97:Ireland
93:Country
4204:Goblin
4152:Vittra
4115:Dusios
4089:Trenti
4079:Squasc
4025:Lamina
4005:Hecate
3889:Gabija
3874:Ajatar
3788:Lidérc
3753:Bannik
3739:Europe
3685:Manaia
3680:Bunyip
3650:Yaksha
3645:Tennin
3613:Mogwai
3576:Kumiho
3561:Huxian
3531:Diwata
3510:Trauco
3329:Abatwa
3322:Africa
3311:Merman
3206:Undine
3166:Sluagh
3146:Selkie
3141:Sebile
3136:Redcap
3114:Hulder
3074:Oberon
3069:Nuggle
3024:Morgen
3014:Merrow
2978:Ly Erg
2933:Kobold
2913:Kelpie
2748:Fachan
2685:Dunnie
2670:Duende
2565:Bodach
2500:Anjana
2490:Aibell
2485:Adhene
2231:
2223:
2202:
2182:
2151:
2095:
2076:
2042:
2034:
1967:
1903:
1873:
1574:sighes
1261:s.v. "
1189:Gloss.
1151:
1000:corpus
831:tenure
782:, and
523:frills
504:Ulster
500:frieze
473:Dublin
457:crocks
428:Aos SĂ
417:Aos SĂ
368:Ulster
298:corpus
292:(from
285:áŒ-λαÏÏ
278:(from
268:coined
249:Dekker
239:, and
79:Aos SĂ
71:Sprite
4209:Gnome
4199:Fates
4120:Dwarf
4074:Siren
4064:Satyr
4047:Nymph
4035:Mouro
4030:Mairu
3980:Circe
3944:Troll
3924:Lauma
3909:Hiisi
3838:VĂąlvÄ
3793:Likho
3783:Leshy
3720:Tipua
3705:Nawao
3695:Mimis
3664:YĆsei
3659:YĆkai
3633:Preta
3588:Irshi
3583:Hyang
3465:Jogah
3379:Simbi
3374:Rompo
3359:Kishi
3354:Jengu
3349:Eloko
3339:Aziza
3226:Wight
3186:Tomte
3181:Sylph
3124:SjörÄ
3089:Pixie
3059:Nixie
3054:Nisse
2973:Lutin
2783:Fuath
2665:Drude
2600:Bucca
2575:Bogle
2545:BirĂłg
2515:Asrai
2229:JSTOR
2200:JSTOR
2149:JSTOR
2074:JSTOR
2040:JSTOR
1965:JSTOR
1852:â197.
1717:From
1705:From
1651:p. 80
1540:: 26.
1355:â257.
1191:" in
1022:p. 80
997:Latin
766:Many
557:Kerry
496:Yeats
435:dwarf
423:sidhe
360:'
354:'
320:leith
294:Latin
280:Greek
276:laghu
138:fairy
122:Irish
75:Fairy
67:Pixie
4094:Vila
4052:List
4000:Faun
3879:Badb
3853:ZĂąnÄ
3768:Iele
3628:Peri
3593:Jinn
3524:Asia
3505:Saci
3475:Muki
3405:Alux
3241:Xana
3196:Trow
3099:Puck
2994:Mare
2585:Brag
2390:List
2242:. .
2221:ISSN
2180:ISBN
2093:ISBN
2032:ISSN
1957:Ăriu
1901:ISBN
1871:ISBN
1693:2016
1149:ISBN
1113:2021
1063:TĂĄin
1015:Cf.
993:corp
803:The
784:jazz
657:twee
324:brĂłg
290:corp
108:moor
4137:Imp
4059:Pan
2987:MâZ
2863:Hob
2838:Hag
2741:FâL
2700:Alp
2695:Elf
2478:AâE
2141:doi
2070:83C
2024:doi
1850:196
1789:321
1668:140
1468:143
1353:256
967:OED
889:'s
829:WWE
718:by
588:Elf
437:of
274:or
191:).
142:men
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3104:RĂ„
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2038:.
2030:.
2020:28
2018:.
2014:.
2002:.
1983:.
1973:;
1961:16
1959:.
1955:.
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272:lĂș
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