233:
697:
311:. The local population suffered an administrative, economic, demographic and cultural regression that led to the formation of small communities isolated from each other. Because of the isolation suffered by these groups, the language spoken evolved into different variants that were characteristic of the community that used them. The linguistic boundaries of these dialects were then defined in later centuries with the establishment of parishes. These parishes were, in fact, the reference point of a particular community, which gathered around them to discuss and solve everyday problems. As a result, each parish had its own
390:
296:
3214:
217:, is the preservation of unaccented final vowels. However, due to the contamination of the Milanese dialect, the Legnano vernacular, unlike the Bustocco dialect, does not preserve the final atonal vowel for many words. Another feature that differentiates the Legnano dialect from the Bustocco dialect concerns the intervocalic -r. In the Legnanese vernacular it has been preserved, while in the Bustocco vernacular it has been eliminated.
1199:
1950:
3202:
2848:
291:
was no exception. However, data on the real influence of these two substrates on the various dialects are very scarce and of different interpretation. This has given rise to a debate among linguists that has led to great caution in attributing a given phonetic feature of the
Legnanese dialect to the
409:
An important phonetic feature present in the
Legnano and Bustocco dialects, and which distinguishes these dialects from the idioms of the adjacent isoglosses, is the preservation of unaccented final vowels. Specifically, the phenomenon of their elision - with the exception of -a - began around the
367:
The
Milanese dialect also played an important role in Legnano for another reason, this time a social one. Until the beginning of the 20th century, two dialects were in use in Legnano: the lower classes used the dialect of Legnano proper, while the wealthier citizens spoke the Milanese vernacular.
359:
began to "contaminate" the language spoken in
Legnano. In spite of this trend, however, the Legnano dialect continued - over the centuries - to preserve a remarkable diversity from the Milanese dialect. This "contamination" continued until the 19th century, when it accelerated. The process was so
347:
Milan's relationship with
Legnano was not only military, but also economic: Milan was supplied with part of the food produced by Legnano and the other contadi that surrounded the Milanese capital. From the Middle Ages, an increasing number of Milanese noble families began to stay in Legnano at
355:, which instead continued to be linked to Seprio. The link between Legnano and Milan, and the presence of Milanese noble families, also influenced the Legnano dialect, which began to differentiate itself from the Busto dialect. Due to the frequent contacts between the two cities, the
708:
The
Legnano dialect was characterized by a peculiar lexicon that was gradually impoverished over the centuries due to the standardization of the Legnano dialect into Milanese and, later, into Italian. Once the specific term in the Legnano dialect to refer to the rainbow was
286:
in the dominated territories was not homogeneous. The idioms spoken in the different areas were in fact influenced by the earlier linguistic substrata. Each area was characterized by a greater or lesser characterization towards ancient
Ligurian or Celtic languages, and
368:
Already in the Middle Ages, it was common for some
Milanese noble families to stay in Legnano at different times of the year, which helped to accentuate this tendency. Between the 18th and 19th centuries, the Legnano dialect, like all Lombard idioms, lost the
202:. The village of Legnano represented, for those coming from the north, the gateway to the Milanese countryside and thus had an important strategic function for the city of Milan. The link between Legnano and Milan also influenced the Legnano
488:
Another important difference between the
Legnanese and Bustocco dialects concerns the intervocalic -r. In the Legnanese dialect it has been preserved, while in the Bustocco dialect it has been eliminated. In fact, in Busto Arsizio one says
326:; such a gateway therefore had to be closed and strongly defended to prevent an attack on Milan, which was also facilitated by the presence of an important road that had existed since Roman times, the Via Severiana Augusta, which connected
725:" still uses this term in the 21st century to define the office corresponding to the representative head of the association). The Busto dialect is no less diverse. In Busto Arsizio, for example, there are five words to define "fog":
1231:, the most prominent of which are Teresa, Mabilia, and Giovanni. The company, founded in Legnano in 1949 by Felice Musazzi, Tony Barlocco, and Luigi Cavalleri, is among the most important examples in Europe of dialect theater.
517:. This peculiarity, which distinguishes the Legnano dialect from the Bustocco dialect, is also borrowed from the Milanese dialect. The fall of the intervocalic -r is also subject to changes in many French dialects.
360:
rapid that, in the same century, slight differences were created even between the vernaculars spoken by contiguous generations. This process of contamination of the
Milanese language was later joined by that of the
1258:
Recognizing the arbitrariness of definitions, the term "language" is used in the nomenclature of entries in accordance with ISO 639-1, 639-2 or 639-3. In other cases, the term "dialect" is used.
210:
began to "contaminate" the dialect spoken in Legnano. Despite this trend, the Legnano dialect continued to preserve - over the centuries - a considerable difference from the Milanese dialect.
322:. The town of Legnano, in fact, represented an easy access to the Milanese countryside for those coming from the north, since it was located at the outlet of the Olona Valley, which ends in
236:
Roman findings (2nd century A.D.) excavated between 1957 and 1960 at Casina Pace in Legnano. They consist of clay pots, small cups, oil lamps, coins, razors and jars and are kept in the
469:. However, due to the contamination of the Milanese dialect, the Legnano dialect does not preserve the final atonal vowel for many words. For example, in Busto Arsizio one says
267:(or "Gauls"), is quite different. The linguistic influence of the Celts on the local language was striking, so much so that even today the dialect of Legnano is classified as "
263:. However, the information available for this idiom is very vague and extremely limited. The picture that can be drawn for the populations that replaced the Ligurians, the
237:
213:
An important distinctive phonetic trait that is present in Legnanese and neighboring Bustocco, and that differentiates these dialects from the idioms of contiguous
748:
In past centuries, the term used to refer to Legnano was also different. The less wealthy population, who used the actual Legnanese dialect, called their town
801:
756:. By the beginning of the 20th century, however, the first word had become obsolete. Other archaic words of the Legnanese dialect that have disappeared are
1221:
275:, which replaced the Celtic one, that shaped the local language spoken in Legnano, so much so that the lexicon and the grammar of this language are of
1900:
1826:
1214:
The plays of the Italian dialect theater company "I Legnanesi" are written in the dialect of Legnano. Their comedies, the most famous example of
1993:
1938:
1800:
206:, which began to differentiate itself from the neighboring Bustocco dialect. Due to the frequent contacts between the two cities, the
2409:
1916:
1276:
Biondelli reports that the Milanese dialect was the first Lombard variant to lose this verbal tense. See Biondelli, Bernardino:
2655:
2142:
3178:
Venetian is either grouped with the rest of the Italo-Dalmatian or the Gallo-Italic languages, depending on the linguist.
1322:
2194:
931:
mì avarìa/avarisu, tì t'avarìa/avarisi, lu l'avaria/avarìs, nüm avarìum/avarìsum, vióltar avarisi, lur avarìan/avarìsan
242:
1964:
1105:
che mì (a) dèrva, ecc., che tì te dèrva, che lü l'dèrva, che nün (a) dèrvum, che vióltar (a) dervì, che lur (a) dèrvan
3234:
1931:
308:
2508:
2084:
166:
980:
che mì (a) saltu, che tì te salti, che lü l'salta, che nün (a) saltum, che vióltar (a) saltì, che lur (i) saltan
700:
View of the historic Cantoni Cotton Mill factory in 1920. The people of Legnano coined the dialectal neologism "
869:
mì sarìa/sarisu, tì te sarìa/sarisi, lü a l'sarìa/sarìs, nün sarìum/sarìsum, vióltar sarisi, lur sarìan/sarìsan
1827:"Di città in città – Insediamenti, strade e vie d'acqua da Milano alla Svizzera lungo la Mediolanum-Verbannus"
1164:
che mì (a) séntu, che tì te sénti, che lü l'sénta, che nün (a) séntum, che vióltar a sentì, che lur (i) séntan
1112:
che mì a dervisu, che tì te dervisi, che lü l'dervìs, che nün dervìsum, che vióltar devisi, che lur dervìsan
3244:
1852:
Il Palio di Legnano : Sagra del Carroccio e Palio delle Contrade nella storia e nella vita della città
1171:
che mì sentisu, che tì te sentisi, che lü l'sentìs, che nün sentìsum, che vióltar sentisi, che lur sentìsan
987:
che mì saltasu, che tì te saltasi, che lü l'saltàs, che nün saltàsum, che vióltar saltasi, che lur saltàsan
1042:
che mì (a) védu, che tì te védi, che lü l'véda, che nün (a) védum, che vióltar (a) vedì, che lur (a) védan
1924:
1587:
1834:
1098:
mì (a) dervaró, tì te dervaré, lü (a) l'dervarà, nün (a) dervarèm, vióltar (a) dervarì, lur (i) dervaràn
3192:
2711:
2300:
520:
An example of a comparative table between the Milanese, Legnanese and Bustocco dialects is as follows:
188:
1946:
2524:
2033:
1049:
che mì vidésu, che tì te vidési, che lü l'vidés, che nün vidésum, che vióltar videsi, che lur vidésan
394:
89:
1157:
mì (a) sentaró, tì te sentaré, lü l'sentarà, nün (a) sentarèm, vióltar (a) sentarì, lur (i) sentaràn
1150:
mì (a) sentivu, tì te sentivi, lü l'sentiva, nün (a) sentìvum, vióltar (a) sentivi, lur (a) sentìvan
1091:
mì (a) dervivu, tì te dervivi, lü l'derviva, nün (a) dervévum, vióltar (a) dervevi, lur (i) dervévan
973:
mì (a) saltaró, tì te saltaré, lü l'saltarà, nün (a) saltarèm, vióltar (a) saltarì, lur (a) saltaràn
966:
mì (a) saltavu, tì te saltavi, lù l'saltava, nün (a) saltàvum, vióltar (a) saltavi, lur (a) saltàvan
2790:
2781:
2186:
862:
che mì füsu, che tì te füsi, che lü l'füs/füdés, che nün a füsum, che vióltar füsi, che lur a füsan
109:
2950:
2935:
2721:
2629:
2486:
2363:
2166:
268:
94:
79:
924:
che mì avésu, che tì t'avési, che lu a l'avés, che nün avésum, che vióltar avisi, che lur avésan
3076:
2993:
2908:
2716:
2426:
1178:
mì sentarisu, tì te sentarisi, lü l'sentarìs, nün sentarìsum, vióltar sentarisi, lur sentarìsan
1119:
mì dervarisu, tì te dervarisi, lü l'dervarìs, nün dervarìsum, violtar dervarisi, lur dervarìsan
994:
mì saltarisu, tì te saltarisi, lü l'saltarìs, nün saltarìsum, vióltar saltarisi, lur saltarìsan
806:
422:, that is, in areas once dominated by the Celts. For example, in the Milanese dialect one says
315:, whose linguistic boundaries have survived, with minor modifications, until the 21st century.
99:
1084:
mì (a) dèrvu, ecc., tì te dèrvi, lü l'dèrvi, nün (a) dèrvum, vióltar (a) dervì, lur (a) dèrvan
1035:
mì (a) vedaró, tì te vedaré, lü l'vedarà, nün (a) vedarèm, vióltar (a) vedarì, lur (a) vedaràn
1028:
mì (a) vidévu, tì te vidévi, lü l'vidéva, nün (a) vidévum, vióltar (a) vidévi, lur (a) vidévan
232:
3139:
2988:
2492:
2335:
2132:
252:
2458:
389:
2983:
2960:
2731:
2591:
2545:
2286:
696:
2885:
2877:
2398:
1985:
1969:
1801:"Antonio Provasio, capocomico dei Legnanesi: "Milano mi dà il pane e mi riempie il cuore""
1220:
theater in Italy, have as their subject satirical characters gravitating around a typical
8:
2930:
2891:
2635:
2281:
2114:
2089:
1056:
mì vedarisu, tì te vedarisi, lü l'vedarìs, nün vedarìsum, vióltar vedarisi, lur vedarìsan
3065:
2612:
2390:
1143:
mì (a) séntu, tì te sénti, lü l'sénti, nün (a) séntum, vióltar (a) sentì, lur (i) séntan
959:
mì (a) saltu, tì te salti, lù l'salta, nün (a) saltum, vióltar (a) saltì, lur (i) saltan
848:
mì (a) saró, tì te saré, lü (a) l'sarà, nün (a) sarèm, vióltar (a) sarì, lur a (a) saràn
195:. It is spoken by about 30 percent of the population of the area in which it is spread.
3218:
2917:
2726:
2676:
2273:
2264:
2250:
2068:
2013:
1954:
1894:
1240:
1216:
288:
256:
917:
che mì abia, che tì abia, che lu l'abia, che nün àbium, che vióltar avì, che lur àbian
3070:
3060:
3052:
2978:
2868:
2798:
2767:
2754:
2745:
2690:
2684:
2669:
2453:
2435:
2341:
2317:
2240:
2213:
2199:
2171:
2122:
2099:
1989:
1977:
1973:
1226:
820:
369:
276:
84:
2538:
2499:
2349:
855:
che mì sìa, che tì ta sìa, che lü l'sia, che nün sìum, che vióltar sìi, che lur sìan
841:
mì (a) sévu, tì te sévi, lü (a) l'éva, nün (a) sévum, vióltar (a) sévi, lur (i) ìvan
721:, which in the Legnanese dialect means "head of the family" (the local association "
3239:
2809:
2663:
2605:
2584:
2568:
2561:
2552:
2478:
2327:
2309:
2219:
2153:
2147:
2137:
2050:
2042:
2017:
2005:
1882:
1855:
361:
356:
307:
The birth of modern Italian dialects can be traced back to the situation after the
207:
180:
171:
104:
1021:
mì (a) védu, tì te védi, lù l'védi, nün (a) védum, vióltar (a) vidì, lur (a) védan
3144:
3125:
3095:
3043:
3024:
2940:
2816:
2642:
2531:
2448:
2443:
2403:
2372:
2009:
752:, while the wealthier classes, who spoke the Milanese dialect, called their town
71:
3131:
3007:
2970:
2955:
2803:
2762:
2598:
2104:
2094:
2060:
2001:
415:
272:
295:
3228:
3100:
3029:
3016:
2945:
2823:
2380:
1997:
1981:
373:
352:
337:
461:" (drawer), which entered the vocabulary in the 15th century, is written as
3206:
3150:
2925:
2853:
2127:
457:
This rule has also been applied to relatively recent words. For example, "
446:. The same preservation of atonal vowels is also found in the dialects of
434:("ear"), while in Legnano the terms used to express the same concepts are
149:
3158:
2021:
834:
mì (a) sóm, tì te sé, lü (a) l'é, nün (a) sèm, vióltar (a) sì, lur (a) ìn
451:
323:
300:
2468:
2205:
328:
203:
1135:
401:" in the Legnano dialect, while in the Bustocco dialect it is called "
2245:
1076:
951:
910:
mì avaró, tì avaré, lü l'avarà, nün avarèm, vióltar avarì, lur avaràn
793:
792:). Like all languages, the dialect of Legnano has been enriched with
788:("to fall asleep". Later the people of Legnano began to use the term
260:
142:
1293:
was instead preserved, while in France it was changed to the silent
1013:
59:
About 30 percent of the population of the area in which it is spread
3213:
2575:
1331:
447:
419:
411:
341:
312:
214:
192:
47:
348:
various times of the year and to purchase properties in the town.
3105:
2621:
2176:
2161:
1198:
477:("smell"), while in Legnano the same concepts are expressed with
303:
that was also used in the Middle Ages and the following centuries
184:
176:
760:("iron wire". Later the people of Legnano began to use the term
2463:
888:
1949:
826:
668:
502:
319:
283:
264:
199:
37:
1874:
La grammatica del dialetto di Legnano e dei Comuni limitrofi
1833:. Soprintendenza Archeologia della Lombardia. Archived from
465:
in the Milanese dialect, while in Legnano it is written as
259:
and of which there are some records is that of the ancient
198:
Legnano, starting in the 11th century, began to bond with
903:
mì évu, t'évi, lü l'éva, nün évum, vióltar évi, lur évan
183:(belonging to the western branch) that is spoken around
1776:
1485:
1754:
1752:
318:
Legnano, from the 11th century, began to connect with
3190:
1679:
1677:
1650:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1553:
1551:
1526:
1524:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
505:" and "evening", while in Legnano one uses the terms
2843:
1461:
1395:
1393:
1380:
1378:
1365:
1363:
776:("mud made by melting snow". Later the generic word
1749:
1910:San Giorgio su Legnano - storia, società, ambiente
1764:
1674:
1638:
1619:
1602:
1563:
1548:
1536:
1521:
1509:
1497:
1438:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1267:Such issues could be religious or civil in nature.
220:The plays of the Italian dialect theater company "
1390:
1375:
1360:
896:mì ó, tì t'é, lü l'à, nün èm, vióltar avì, lur àn
796:, even in relatively recent times. An example is
717:to express the same concept). Another example is
3226:
2876:
1831:Soprintendenza Archeologia della Lombardia, 2014
819:The Legnanese dialect, unlike Italian, has four
1473:
1405:
1337:
299:Route of the Via Severiana Augusta, an ancient
2789:
1932:
3015:
1899:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1795:
1793:
1791:
713:(later the Legnanese began to use the word
1939:
1925:
1318:
1316:
1191:
1136:The fourth conjugation: "sentì" (to hear)
2272:
1788:
1197:
1077:The third conjugation: "dèrvi" (to open)
952:The first conjugation: "saltà" (to jump)
695:
388:
294:
231:
224:" are written in the Legnanese dialect.
2753:
1880:
1862:
1782:
1770:
1758:
1743:
1731:
1719:
1707:
1695:
1683:
1668:
1656:
1644:
1632:
1613:
1574:
1557:
1542:
1530:
1515:
1503:
1455:
1399:
1384:
1369:
1313:
1014:The second conjugation: "vidé" (to see)
351:This role aggravated the friction with
3227:
1887:Profilo storico della città di Legnano
1289:In the dialects of the Po Valley, the
800:, which is the Legnanese word for the
170:
1920:
340:). Its route was later taken over by
1881:D'Ilario, Giorgio; Egidio Gianazza,
393:The river Olona downstream from the
1824:
1491:
1202:The monument to Felice Musazzi and
13:
2115:Intermediate Southern (Neapolitan)
1871:
889:The auxiliary verb "avé" (to have)
784:("to put on the right track") and
14:
3256:
780:, meaning "mud", came into use),
16:Lombard dialect spoken in Legnano
3212:
3200:
2846:
1965:Historical linguistic minorities
1948:
1849:
1467:
827:The auxiliary verb "vès" (to be)
309:fall of the Western Roman Empire
3172:
1818:
1737:
1725:
1713:
1701:
1689:
1662:
1580:
1283:
1270:
292:Ligurian or Celtic substratum.
238:Guido Sutermeister Civic Museum
1907:
1479:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1354:
1278:Essay on Gallo-Italic dialects
1261:
1252:
1210:," which is located in Legnano
344:to build the Simplon highway.
282:However, the influence of the
1:
1588:"La lingua padana o padanese"
1307:
768:("shoemaker". Later the term
1803:. ilgiorno.it. 22 March 2014
666:
646:
626:
606:
586:
566:
546:
524:
384:
372:, which was replaced by the
7:
1908:Agnoletto, Attilio (1992).
1234:
397:. This waterway is called "
379:
10:
3261:
2712:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
2195:Central-Southern Calabrian
1863:D'Ilario, Giorgio (2003).
691:
227:
189:metropolitan city of Milan
3118:
3088:
3051:
3042:
3006:
2969:
2916:
2907:
2867:
2863:
2841:
2780:
2744:
2702:
2654:
2525:Comasco-Lecchese dialects
2477:
2434:
2425:
2389:
2371:
2362:
2326:
2308:
2299:
2263:
2231:
2185:
2113:
2077:
2059:
2041:
2032:
2028:
1961:
1131:Past participle: "dervù".
255:that has left a trace in
140:
135:
68:
53:
43:
33:
26:
21:
3235:Western Lombard language
1246:
814:
332:(modern Milan) with the
187:, a municipality in the
2085:Central-Northern Latian
1169:Imperfect subjunctive:
1110:Imperfect subjunctive:
1047:Imperfect subjunctive:
985:Imperfect subjunctive:
922:Imperfect subjunctive:
860:Imperfect subjunctive:
501:to refer to "candle", "
410:9th century in France,
271:". However, it was the
2717:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
2509:Bustocco and Legnanese
1885:, Marco Turri (1984).
1872:Masetti, Elio (2009).
1590:. veja.it. 6 June 2012
1297:See Giorgio D'Ilario,
1211:
1148:Imperfect Indicative:
1089:Imperfect Indicative:
1026:Imperfect Indicative:
964:Imperfect Indicative:
901:Imperfect Indicative:
839:Imperfect Indicative:
705:
406:
304:
248:
3140:Italian Sign Language
3089:Other German dialects
2232:Other Italo-Dalmatian
1468:Various authors (2015
1332:Enciclopedia Treccani
1201:
1176:Present conditional:
1162:Present Conjunctive:
1117:Present conditional:
1103:Present Conjunctive:
1054:Present conditional:
1040:Present Conjunctive:
992:Present conditional:
978:Present Conjunctive:
929:Present conditional:
915:Present Conjunctive:
867:Present conditional:
853:Present Conjunctive:
699:
392:
336:(Lake Verbano, i.e.,
298:
253:linguistic substratum
235:
2592:Southwestern Lombard
1865:Dizionario legnanese
1850:Autori vari (2015).
1825:Autori vari (2014).
1785:, pp. 239–244).
1492:Soprintendenza (2014
1435:, pp. 120–121).
1299:Dizionario legnanese
1141:Present Indicative:
1082:Present Indicative:
1019:Present Indicative:
957:Present Indicative:
894:Present Indicative:
832:Present Indicative:
3245:Dialects of Italian
2892:Vaccarizzo Albanian
1889:. Edizioni Landoni.
1837:on 16 February 2017
1155:Future Indicative:
1096:Future Indicative:
1033:Future Indicative:
971:Future Indicative:
908:Future Indicative:
846:Future Indicative:
802:Cantoni Cotton Mill
704:" for this factory.
172:[leɲaˈneːs]
2727:Judaeo-Piedmontese
2703:Other Gallo-Italic
1955:Languages of Italy
1867:. Artigianservice.
1659:, pp. 44–45).
1323:lombardi, dialetti
1241:Languages of Italy
1212:
1183:Infinite present:
1124:Infinite present:
1061:Infinite present:
999:Infinite present:
936:Infinite present:
874:Infinite present:
723:Famiglia Legnanese
706:
407:
342:Napoleon Bonaparte
305:
249:
3188:
3187:
3167:
3166:
3114:
3113:
3071:Southern Bavarian
3038:
3037:
3002:
3001:
2994:Triestine Serbian
2903:
2902:
2878:Arbëresh language
2839:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2776:
2775:
2740:
2739:
2493:Brianzöö dialects
2421:
2420:
2358:
2357:
2295:
2294:
2259:
2258:
1222:Lombard courtyard
1068:Past participle:
1006:Past participle:
943:Past participle:
880:Past participle:
821:verb conjugations
689:
688:
608:On (one's person)
395:castle of Legnano
370:remote past tense
159:Legnanese dialect
156:
155:
63:
3252:
3217:
3216:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3196:
3179:
3176:
3153:
3134:
3079:
3049:
3048:
3013:
3012:
2914:
2913:
2894:
2874:
2873:
2865:
2864:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2787:
2786:
2751:
2750:
2693:
2679:
2672:
2656:Emilian–Romagnol
2645:
2638:
2624:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2518:
2511:
2502:
2495:
2432:
2431:
2412:
2391:Franco-Provençal
2369:
2368:
2344:
2306:
2305:
2301:Occitano-Romance
2270:
2269:
2222:
2208:
2187:Extreme Southern
2156:
2051:Regional Italian
2039:
2038:
2030:
2029:
1986:Franco-Provençal
1953:
1952:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1904:
1898:
1890:
1883:Augusto Marinoni
1877:
1876:. Modulimpianti.
1868:
1859:
1856:Banca di Legnano
1846:
1844:
1842:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1797:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1617:
1611:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1561:
1555:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1403:
1397:
1388:
1382:
1373:
1367:
1358:
1352:
1335:
1328:
1320:
1302:
1287:
1281:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1230:
810:
772:came into use),
523:
522:
362:Italian language
357:Milanese dialect
273:Roman domination
246:
208:Milanese dialect
181:Lombard language
174:
152:
145:
74:
61:
19:
18:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3211:
3201:
3199:
3191:
3189:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3149:
3130:
3110:
3096:Austrian German
3084:
3075:
3034:
3025:Calabrian Greek
2998:
2965:
2951:Natisone Valley
2936:Inner Carniolan
2899:
2890:
2859:
2852:
2847:
2845:
2831:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2772:
2736:
2704:
2698:
2689:
2675:
2668:
2650:
2641:
2634:
2630:Eastern Lombard
2620:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2514:
2507:
2498:
2491:
2487:Western Lombard
2473:
2417:
2408:
2385:
2354:
2340:
2322:
2291:
2255:
2233:
2227:
2218:
2204:
2181:
2167:Southern Latian
2152:
2133:Castelmezzanese
2109:
2073:
2055:
2024:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1892:
1891:
1840:
1838:
1821:
1816:
1806:
1804:
1799:
1798:
1789:
1781:
1777:
1769:
1765:
1761:, p. 121).
1757:
1750:
1742:
1738:
1730:
1726:
1718:
1714:
1706:
1702:
1698:, p. 124).
1694:
1690:
1682:
1675:
1671:, p. 156).
1667:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1631:
1620:
1612:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1564:
1556:
1549:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1522:
1514:
1510:
1502:
1498:
1490:
1486:
1480:Agnoletto (1992
1478:
1474:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1439:
1433:Agnoletto (1992
1431:
1427:
1423:, p. 121).
1421:Agnoletto (1992
1419:
1406:
1398:
1391:
1383:
1376:
1368:
1361:
1357:, p. 120).
1355:Agnoletto (1992
1353:
1338:
1326:
1321:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1288:
1284:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1237:
1224:
1196:
1138:
1079:
1016:
954:
891:
829:
817:
804:
694:
387:
382:
334:Verbannus Lacus
240:
230:
148:
141:
131:
110:Western Lombard
90:Western Romance
75:
72:Language family
70:
60:
56:
55:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
3258:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3222:
3221:
3209:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3142:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3132:Italian Hebrew
3122:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3077:South Tyrolean
3068:
3063:
3057:
3055:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2971:Serbo-Croatian
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2882:
2880:
2871:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2791:Rhaeto-Romance
2784:
2782:Rhaeto-Romance
2778:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2708:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2673:
2660:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2639:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2588:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2565:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2483:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2438:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2377:
2375:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2332:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2276:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2237:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2197:
2191:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2065:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2036:
2026:
2025:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1944:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1905:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1847:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1787:
1783:D'Ilario (2003
1775:
1773:, p. 85).
1771:D'Ilario (2003
1763:
1759:D'Ilario (2003
1748:
1746:, p. 77).
1744:D'Ilario (2003
1736:
1734:, p. 70).
1732:D'Ilario (2003
1724:
1722:, p. 67).
1720:D'Ilario (2003
1712:
1710:, p. 19).
1708:D'Ilario (1984
1700:
1696:D'Ilario (2003
1688:
1686:, p. 44).
1684:D'Ilario (2003
1673:
1669:D'Ilario (2003
1661:
1657:D'Ilario (2003
1649:
1647:, p. 39).
1645:D'Ilario (2003
1637:
1635:, p. 37).
1633:D'Ilario (2003
1618:
1616:, p. 31).
1614:D'Ilario (2003
1601:
1579:
1577:, p. 34).
1575:D'Ilario (2003
1562:
1560:, p. 45).
1558:D'Ilario (2003
1547:
1545:, p. 22).
1543:D'Ilario (2003
1535:
1533:, p. 38).
1531:D'Ilario (2003
1520:
1518:, p. 20).
1516:D'Ilario (1984
1508:
1506:, p. 23).
1504:D'Ilario (1984
1496:
1494:, p. 18).
1484:
1482:, p. 38).
1472:
1470:, p. 18).
1460:
1458:, p. 35).
1456:D'Ilario (2003
1437:
1425:
1404:
1402:, p. 30).
1400:D'Ilario (2003
1389:
1387:, p. 29).
1385:D'Ilario (2003
1374:
1372:, p. 28).
1370:D'Ilario (2003
1359:
1336:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1301:, 2003, p. 31.
1282:
1269:
1260:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1236:
1233:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1004:
997:
990:
983:
976:
969:
962:
953:
950:
949:
948:
941:
934:
927:
920:
913:
906:
899:
890:
887:
886:
885:
878:
872:
865:
858:
851:
844:
837:
828:
825:
816:
813:
693:
690:
687:
686:
681:
676:
671:
665:
664:
659:
654:
649:
645:
644:
639:
634:
629:
625:
624:
619:
614:
609:
605:
604:
599:
594:
589:
585:
584:
579:
574:
569:
565:
564:
559:
554:
549:
545:
544:
539:
534:
529:
416:Emilia-Romagna
386:
383:
381:
378:
284:Latin language
229:
226:
154:
153:
146:
138:
137:
136:Language codes
133:
132:
130:
129:
128:
127:
126:
125:
124:
123:
122:
121:
120:
119:
118:
117:
78:
76:
69:
66:
65:
57:
54:
51:
50:
45:
41:
40:
35:
34:Native to
31:
30:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3257:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3208:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3175:
3171:
3160:
3157:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3017:Italiot Greek
3014:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2989:Slavomolisano
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2844:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2722:Judeo-Italian
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2701:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2364:Gallo-Romance
2361:
2351:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2336:Vivaro-Alpine
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2230:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2034:Italo-Romance
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1942:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1836:
1832:
1828:
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279:derivation.
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100:Gallo-Italic
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3219:Linguistics
3159:Wenzhounese
2984:Montenegrin
2931:Gail Valley
2732:Piedmontese
2636:Bergamasque
2282:Campidanese
2123:Beneventano
2090:Marchigiano
2022:Wenzhounese
1225: [
1217:en travesti
1208:I Legnanesi
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790:indurmentàs
452:Borgomanero
324:Castellanza
269:Gallo-Roman
251:The oldest
247:in Legnano.
241: [
222:I Legnanesi
62:2006 figure
3229:Categories
2677:Parmigiano
2469:Tabarchino
2459:Monégasque
2287:Logudorese
2206:Manduriano
2069:Florentine
1841:16 January
1308:References
794:neologisms
786:insurmentì
782:instravilà
762:fil da fèr
426:("time"),
329:Mediolanum
301:Roman road
215:isoglosses
204:vernacular
2918:Slovenian
2768:Triestine
2705:languages
2691:Forlivese
2670:Bolognese
2516:Legnanese
2454:Intemelio
2399:Valdôtain
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2318:Algherese
2274:Sardinian
2265:Sardinian
2251:Sassarese
2246:Gallurese
2234:languages
2200:Salentino
2172:Tarantino
2143:Cosentino
2100:Romanesco
2014:Sardinian
1895:cite book
770:sciavatìn
715:arcubalén
537:Legnanese
385:Phonetics
289:Legnanese
261:Ligurians
257:Legnanese
143:ISO 639-3
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2869:Albanian
2810:Cadorino
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2746:Venetian
2685:Romagnol
2613:Cremunés
2606:Novarese
2585:Varesino
2576:Ossolano
2569:Ticinese
2562:Milanese
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2241:Corsican
2220:Pantesco
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2138:Cilentan
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1994:Germanic
1990:Friulian
1978:Croatian
1970:Albanian
1807:11 April
1235:See also
542:Bustocco
532:Milanese
459:cassetto
448:Galliate
420:Lombardy
412:Piedmont
380:Features
313:isogloss
193:Lombardy
163:legnanés
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3240:Legnano
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3066:Mòcheno
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2664:Emilian
2643:Cremish
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