3418:
53:
563:
6828:
6105:
420:
6792:
6119:
6817:
3130:
6804:
535:, which essentially inflates administrative law at the expense of private law rights. Today, however, because of rapid industrialisation China has been reforming, at least in terms of economic (if not social and political) rights. A new contract code in 1999 represented a turn away from administrative domination. Furthermore, after negotiations lasting fifteen years, in 2001 China joined the
3399:, was chosen to adjudicate. Precedents were not reported, so any case law that developed was disguised and almost unrecognised. Each case was to be decided afresh from the laws of the state, which mirrors the (theoretical) unimportance of judges' decisions for future cases in civil law systems today. During the 6th century AD in the Eastern Roman Empire, the Emperor
3506:, and abolished folk-right. However, once Charlemagne's kingdom definitively splintered, Europe became feudalistic, and law was generally not governed above the county, municipal or lordship level, thereby creating a highly decentralized legal culture that favored the development of customary law founded on localized case law. However, in the 11th century,
3661:
The
African law system is based on common law and civilian law. Many legal systems in Africa were based on ethnic customs and traditions before colonization took over their original system. The people listened to their elders and relied on them as mediators during disputes. Several states didn't keep
255:
distinctions among litigants, petitioners and other players in various legal processes. By analyzing case outcomes, transaction costs, and numbers of settled cases, they have begun an analysis of legal institutions, practices, procedures and briefs that gives a more complex picture of law and society
223:. Certain jurists and historians of legal process have seen legal history as the recording of the evolution of laws and the technical explanation of how these laws have evolved with the view of better understanding the origins of various legal concepts; some consider legal history a branch of
3573:
and other authorities in London to improve the conduct of lawyers in the courts. Also, judges no longer moved on circuits becoming fixed to their jurisdictions, and jurors were nominated by parties to the legal dispute rather than by the sheriff. In addition, by the 10th century, the
4562:"The Future of Law in Africa. Record of Proceedings of the London Conference 28 December 1959–8 January 1960. Edited on behalf of the Conference by A. N. Allott. London: Butterworth & Co. (Publishers) Ltd. 1960. vi and 58 pp. 7s. 6d. net"
3586:, took shape so that merchants could trade using familiar standards, rather than the many splintered types of local law. A precursor to modern commercial law, the Law Merchant emphasised the freedom of contract and alienability of property.
3486:
law for the
Germanic incomers – a system known as folk-right – until the two laws blended together. Since the Roman court system had broken down, legal disputes were adjudicated according to Germanic custom by assemblies of learned
1376:
3477:
was expanded and remained in force until the Empire fell, though it was never officially introduced to the West. Instead, following the fall of the
Western Empire and in former Roman countries, the ruling classes relied on the
3670:, was proclaimed in 1222–1236 AD as the official constitution of the state. It defined regulations in both constitutional and civil matters. The provisions of the constitution are still transmitted to this day by
450:
from 100 BCE were influential treatises in India, texts that were considered authoritative legal guidance. Manu's central philosophy was tolerance and pluralism, and was cited across South East Asia. During the
3028:
501:
The eastern Asia legal tradition reflects a unique blend of secular and religious influences. Japan was the first country to begin modernising its legal system along western lines, by importing bits of the
518:
in the form of six private law codes based mainly on the
Japanese model of German law. Today Taiwanese law retains the closest affinity to the codifications from that period, because of the split between
3674:
under oath. During colonization, authorities in Africa developed an official legal system called the Native Courts. After colonialism, the major faiths that stayed were
Buddhism, Hinduism, and Judaism.
351:
and translated into various languages, including
English, German and French. Ancient Greek has no single word for "law" as an abstract concept, retaining instead the distinction between divine law (
3635:, which consists of massive tomes of case law, codes in small books are easy to export and for judges to apply. However, today there are signs that civil and common law are converging.
4603:
Farah, Paolo (August 2006). "Five Years of China WTO Membership. EU and US Perspectives about China's
Compliance with Transparency Commitments and the Transitional Review Mechanism".
2129:
4531:
3409:. As one legal historian wrote, "Justinian consciously looked back to the golden age of Roman law and aimed to restore it to the peak it had reached three centuries before."
4307:
suggests that there may have been some importation of
Islamic concepts as well, but others have shown that occasional similarities are more likely coincidence than causal.
2841:
4831:
3403:
codified and consolidated the laws that had existed in Rome so that what remained was one twentieth of the mass of legal texts from before. This became known as the
471:
and various scholars of Islam. After
British colonialism, Hindu tradition, along with Islamic law, was supplanted by the common law when India became part of the
2540:
2530:
4321:
2535:
3612:
The two main traditions of modern
European law are the codified legal systems of most of continental Europe, and the English tradition based on case law.
3896:
3522:
in a large part of the world. There was, however, a great deal of resistance so that civil law rivaled customary law for much of the late Middle Ages.
1714:
1666:
1563:
669:
2226:
1371:
3383:
was heavily influenced by Greek teachings. It forms the bridge to the modern legal world, over the centuries between the rise and decline of the
1366:
4824:: Vol. I (Canon Law and Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction from 597 to the 1640s), vol. II (871–1216), vol. VI (1483–1558), vols. XI–XIII (1820–1914))
2739:
2072:
1493:
3740:
3158:
1142:
4539:
2764:
452:
3011:
2622:
6869:
6171:
1113:
571:
368:
235:. They have looked at legal institutions as complex systems of rules, players and symbols and have seen these elements interact with
6086:
2559:
2554:
2288:
2283:
2268:
2053:
2028:
1992:
1311:
4268:
3723:
1707:
1149:
4907:
339:, by codifying and inscribing it in stone. Hammurabi placed several copies of his law code throughout the kingdom of Babylon as
4835:
3276:
2111:
1277:
1087:
623:
427:
is the longest written constitution for a country, containing 444 articles, 12 schedules, numerous amendments and 117,369 words
3510:, having pillaged the Byzantine Empire, returned with Byzantine legal texts including the Justinian Code, and scholars at the
347:. The most intact copy of these stelae was discovered in the 19th century by British Assyriologists, and has since been fully
4736:
2708:
2327:
2003:
1950:
1093:
187:
4890:
4868:
4446:
3172:
737:
4878:
3514:
were the first to use them to interpret their own customary laws. Medieval European legal scholars began researching the
2048:
1973:
3745:
1985:
1592:
1289:
4873:
3545:
instituted legal reforms and developed a system of royal courts administered by a small number of judges who lived in
3417:
5512:
5070:
4969:
4794:
4717:
4702:
4681:
4649:
3976:
3951:
2525:
2273:
2082:
2014:
1283:
1249:
3199:
traditions. The cultural exchange between the secular (Roman/Barbarian) and ecclesiastical (canon) law produced the
6808:
5626:
5495:
4344:
3178:
3151:
2684:
1843:
1409:
1340:
793:
579:
6744:
6081:
5428:
5329:
4901:
3715:
2656:
2602:
2278:
2038:
1941:
1744:
1582:
1520:
1414:
1294:
800:
438:
represent distinct traditions of law, and had historically independent schools of legal theory and practice. The
410:
17:
6832:
4884:
3245:
In the twentieth century, canon law was comprehensively codified. On 27 May 1917, Pope Benedict XV codified the
510:
Civil Code. This partly reflected Germany's status as a rising power in the late nineteenth century. Similarly,
6701:
6355:
6196:
5588:
5222:
3334:
3055:
3021:
2243:
814:
807:
6864:
6308:
6164:
4941:
4850:
3034:
2436:
2248:
2188:
2043:
1886:
1587:
1010:
787:
528:
6649:
6559:
5748:
5227:
3700:
2871:
2499:
1960:
1544:
1462:
6201:
5743:
3719:
3207:
3188:
3144:
3006:
2456:
2414:
2387:
2312:
2238:
2233:
2221:
2060:
1997:
1880:
664:
5718:
5217:
3579:
3526:
3268:
3239:
3050:
2926:
2570:
1926:
1891:
1819:
1079:
951:
832:
562:
4821:
3628:
3599:
507:
6463:
6191:
5801:
4297:
3644:
3302:
3191:, the oldest continuously functioning legal system in the West. Canon law originates much later than
3108:
2799:
1734:
1625:
1477:
995:
180:
3518:
and using its concepts and prepared the way for the partial resurrection of Roman law as the modern
6796:
6644:
6634:
6431:
6157:
5596:
5578:
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3519:
3196:
2753:
2641:
1781:
1774:
1769:
1619:
1399:
536:
5930:
6827:
6606:
6494:
6389:
5971:
5758:
5247:
5232:
4846:
4752:
2851:
2713:
2679:
2505:
1807:
1449:
849:
837:
772:
702:
644:
511:
488:
212:
134:
98:
1108:
6859:
6854:
6716:
6436:
6264:
6026:
6011:
3260:
3256:
3246:
3099:
3045:
2806:
2617:
2517:
2399:
2349:
1812:
1632:
1551:
1507:
1383:
1358:
1316:
1236:
1183:
1162:
1137:
1041:
1026:
937:
779:
724:
716:
675:
598:
527:'s communists who won control of the mainland in 1949. The current legal infrastructure in the
4786:
6639:
6629:
6591:
6564:
6526:
6499:
6409:
6318:
6237:
6227:
6130:
5723:
5401:
5212:
4632:
4509:
4485:
3687:
developed primarily out of the English common law system (with the exception of the state of
3533:
legal concepts into medieval England, the English King's powerful judges developed a body of
3511:
2792:
2580:
2575:
2392:
2140:
1197:
1190:
895:
759:
709:
651:
496:
424:
4778:
2636:
6586:
6426:
6399:
6394:
6291:
5851:
5197:
4082:
3607:
3566:
3562:
3444:
3405:
3267:
on 25 January 1983. John Paul II also brought to a close the long process of codifying the
2916:
2877:
2702:
2651:
2511:
2471:
2116:
1980:
1869:
1863:
1850:
1702:
1696:
1577:
1393:
1347:
1225:
1061:
869:
827:
224:
173:
3395:, was heavily procedural and there was no professional legal class. Instead a lay person,
1377:
Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the Sacramental Seal
8:
6766:
6760:
6686:
6601:
6546:
6421:
6286:
6232:
6006:
5146:
5063:
3550:
3542:
3040:
2921:
2888:
2861:
2856:
2718:
2693:
2607:
2298:
2176:
1801:
1787:
1762:
1757:
1597:
1335:
1330:
1211:
406:
231:
viewed legal history in a more contextualised manner – more in line with the thinking of
6711:
6276:
5821:
5480:
5334:
5319:
5297:
5041:
5021:
4974:
4964:
4670:
4620:
4513:
4505:
4427:
4265:
4145:
3901:
3704:
3636:
3623:
was incorporated into countries' local law under new civil codes. Of these, the French
3426:
3134:
2759:
2356:
2303:
2087:
1936:
1931:
1684:
1488:
1388:
1352:
1169:
1055:
862:
637:
388:
4747:
4128:
Badr, Gamal Moursi (Spring 1978). "Islamic Law: Its Relation to Other Legal Systems".
3502:, law became centralized so as to strengthen the royal court system, and consequently
6681:
6676:
6664:
6659:
6531:
6521:
6441:
6384:
6328:
5806:
5728:
5566:
5309:
5304:
5257:
5182:
5176:
5016:
4934:
4842:
4790:
4779:
4732:
4713:
4698:
4677:
4645:
4628:
4624:
4581:
4517:
4466:
4419:
4183:. It also forms the basis for the law codes of most countries of continental Europe (
3972:
3947:
3813:
3789:
3765:
3079:
2936:
2931:
2901:
2786:
2672:
2404:
2135:
2121:
2020:
1899:
1855:
1749:
1650:
1645:
1602:
1557:
1322:
1218:
1035:
902:
658:
614:
464:
400:
364:
344:
285:
161:
108:
72:
67:
4283:
6696:
6541:
6516:
6323:
6313:
6303:
5811:
5778:
5277:
5141:
5136:
5101:
4612:
4573:
4497:
4458:
4447:"Inherited legal systems and effective rule of law: Africa and the colonial legacy"
4411:
4336:
4137:
3583:
3470:
3350:
3085:
3065:
3016:
2989:
2973:
2906:
2332:
1640:
1612:
1271:
1264:
990:
844:
681:
630:
607:
476:
328:
113:
52:
4501:
2494:
1437:
6706:
6473:
6468:
6281:
6060:
6033:
6021:
6001:
5935:
5913:
5893:
5888:
5868:
5733:
5713:
5708:
5611:
5571:
5282:
5207:
5131:
5116:
5036:
4272:
3735:
3708:
3667:
3624:
3595:
3554:
3479:
3464:
3448:
3438:
3430:
3184:
3115:
3092:
3070:
2963:
2953:
2466:
2461:
2148:
1904:
1304:
1154:
1066:
822:
520:
215:
and why it has changed. Legal history is closely connected to the development of
6821:
6669:
6581:
6576:
6333:
6254:
6249:
6180:
6137:
5945:
5863:
5452:
5418:
5369:
5354:
5126:
5031:
5011:
5001:
4561:
4367:
Poland, Peter S. “King Arthur, Rambo, and the Origins of Civility at the Bar.”
3575:
3474:
3434:
3388:
3298:
3060:
3029:
Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life
3001:
2780:
2632:
2379:
2319:
2263:
2258:
2099:
1472:
1467:
1176:
1118:
965:
914:
855:
695:
472:
348:
336:
281:
248:
232:
220:
4577:
4462:
4340:
3569:
systems to the royal courts. In 1280 and 1295 measures were instituted by the
6848:
6772:
6728:
6691:
6621:
6596:
6506:
6404:
6345:
5991:
5950:
5836:
5816:
5788:
5703:
5677:
5672:
5665:
5616:
5556:
5396:
5386:
5344:
5267:
5262:
5192:
5151:
5075:
4690:
4585:
4470:
4423:
4180:
4176:
3692:
3656:
3375:
2968:
2958:
2941:
2813:
2726:
2203:
2182:
2105:
1955:
1794:
958:
688:
547:
532:
460:
435:
431:
308:
257:
240:
216:
157:
93:
4175:
As a legal system, Roman law has affected the development of law in most of
3707:, still persist in some US states, particularly those that were part of the
6571:
6511:
6259:
6217:
6123:
5873:
5841:
5796:
5534:
5529:
5500:
5413:
5391:
5359:
5292:
5272:
5166:
5106:
5096:
5048:
5006:
4984:
4927:
3696:
3570:
3483:
3392:
3384:
3264:
2911:
2820:
2430:
2193:
2155:
2093:
1829:
1729:
1429:
1204:
744:
515:
440:
396:
392:
299:
252:
148:
103:
36:
6723:
6611:
6536:
6453:
6372:
6365:
6222:
6045:
5986:
5976:
5773:
5768:
5606:
5507:
5423:
5382:
5349:
5314:
5237:
5161:
5111:
5026:
4616:
3663:
3616:
3603:
3546:
3499:
3460:
3456:
3200:
2774:
2451:
2441:
1916:
1499:
943:
930:
384:
139:
4372:
419:
331:, consisting of casuistic statements ("if... then..."). Around 1760 BC,
6777:
6616:
6458:
6416:
6360:
6109:
6038:
5918:
5856:
5601:
5522:
5517:
5475:
5457:
5445:
5406:
5252:
5242:
5202:
5187:
5171:
5121:
5058:
5053:
4295:
Makdisi, John A. (June 1999). "The Islamic Origins of the Common Law".
3632:
3538:
3530:
3488:
3259:, announced his intention to reform canon law, which culminated in the
3252:
2996:
2612:
2489:
2446:
2424:
2372:
2365:
2077:
2009:
1909:
1443:
921:
524:
503:
446:
265:
244:
4431:
4149:
6551:
6448:
6377:
6271:
6244:
6016:
5981:
5923:
5898:
5763:
5660:
5648:
5633:
5621:
5549:
5467:
5440:
5324:
3688:
3640:
3534:
3515:
3492:
3400:
3380:
3371:
3272:
3192:
2549:
2409:
1921:
1723:
1538:
1419:
1299:
1256:
1098:
908:
492:
468:
414:
372:
332:
303:
295:
289:
228:
129:
6104:
4399:
3969:
Mawlana Mawdudi and Political Islam: Authority and the Islamic State
3307:
One of the major legal systems developed during the Middle Ages was
6065:
6050:
5753:
5638:
5435:
4979:
4415:
4141:
3558:
3507:
3503:
3491:
in rigid ceremonies and in oral proceedings that relied heavily on
3129:
2419:
2198:
1424:
1231:
459:
was established by the Muslim sultanates and empires, most notably
320:
316:
312:
277:
261:
6816:
6149:
4913:
3549:
and traveled throughout the kingdom. Henry II also instituted the
2130:
Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law
319:
speech, social equality and impartiality. By the 22nd century BC,
6298:
5955:
5903:
5883:
5831:
5643:
5561:
5377:
5339:
5287:
3553:
in 1166, which allowed for jury trials and reduced the number of
3275:
Eastern Catholic Churches on 18 October 1990 by promulgating the
2733:
2066:
1838:
1824:
1607:
1569:
1531:
1103:
1003:
765:
236:
3722:, and the ability to legislate within areas not reserved to the
3662:
written records, as their laws were often passed orally. In the
311:
law, dating as far back as 3000 BC, was based on the concept of
6055:
5908:
5653:
5544:
5539:
5485:
5156:
4830:. Ed. Stanley N. Katz. 6 Vols. Oxford University Press, 2009. (
3329:
3320:
3308:
3288:
2033:
456:
340:
4896:
4863:
4726:
3561:
of France also undertook major legal reforms and, inspired by
3452:
5996:
5940:
5846:
5687:
5490:
4989:
4400:"The Civil Law and the Common Law: Some Points of Comparison"
3671:
3316:
3315:. A number of important legal institutions were developed by
543:
324:
5878:
5826:
5682:
5080:
4996:
4086:
3338:
3324:
3312:
3294:
3226:. In relation to the Code, history can be divided into the
1679:
514:
gave way to westernisation towards the final years of the
6340:
4950:
343:, for the entire public to see; this became known as the
208:
44:
4910:– University of Hong Kong Libraries, Digital Initiatives
3695:
after being admitted to statehood). Some concepts from
4916:-University of Hong Kong Libraries, Digital Initiatives
4729:
An Introduction to the Comparative Study of Private Law
2541:
List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church
239:
to change, adapt, resist or promote certain aspects of
4919:
4828:
The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History
2531:
List of excommunicable offences in the Catholic Church
4727:
Gordley, James R.; von Mehren; Arthur Taylor (2006).
4319:
4136:(2 ). American Society of Comparative Law: 187–198 .
3944:
Morality and Justice in Islamic Economics and Finance
4864:
The Legal History Project (Resources and interviews)
4486:"African Customary Law, Customs, and Women's Rights"
2536:
List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church
4767:
3631:became the most influential. As opposed to English
27:
Study of how law has evolved and why it has changed
4695:The Trial: A History from Socrates to O.J. Simpson
4669:
3639:is codified in treaties, but develops through the
3203:and greatly influenced both civil and common law.
4315:
4313:
1564:Matrimonial Nullity Trial Reforms of Pope Francis
670:Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis
6846:
3839:Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt
2227:Formal act of defection from the Catholic Church
4843:Islam and Islamic Law in European Legal History
3345:itself later influenced the development of the
243:. Such legal historians have tended to analyse
4807:. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
4310:
3897:"Study reveals origin of India's caste system"
3498:After much of the West was consolidated under
3195:but predates the evolution of modern European
2740:Beatification and canonization process in 1914
251:inquiry, using statistical methods, analysing
6165:
4935:
3152:
181:
4820:. 13 Vols. Oxford University Press, 2003–. (
4445:Joireman, Sandra Fullerton (December 2001).
3814:"International law – Historical development"
3790:"International law – Historical development"
3766:"International law – Historical development"
3741:Association of Young Legal Historians (AYLH)
1143:Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite
4902:Collection of Historical Statutory Material
4658:
4110:
4108:
3946:. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 62–63.
3565:procedure, extended Canon-law evidence and
2608:Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura
453:Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent
6172:
6158:
4942:
4928:
3421:King John of England signs the Magna Carta
3255:, together with his intention to call the
3159:
3145:
3012:Canonical erection of a house of religious
2623:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
188:
174:
4818:The Oxford History of the Laws of England
1114:Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful
6087:History of the American legal profession
4887:– Faculty of Law, University of Rennes 1
4639:
4444:
4266:Roman and Secular Law in the Middle Ages
4105:
3416:
2054:Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts
418:
4897:The European Society for History of Law
4785:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
4710:A Short History of Western Legal Theory
4490:Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
4404:The American Journal of Comparative Law
4294:
4288:
4164:A Short History of Western Legal Theory
4130:The American Journal of Comparative Law
4102:(Oxford University Press, 2015) pg. 15.
4100:Law: A Very Short Introduction, 2nd Ed.
3966:
3858:A Short History of Western Legal Theory
3836:
1150:General Instruction of the Roman Missal
14:
6847:
4397:
3941:
3589:
3582:trade customs, then solidified by the
3277:Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches
3210:can be divided into four periods: the
1088:Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches
624:Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches
315:, and was characterised by tradition,
6153:
4923:
4853:, 2011, retrieved: November 28, 2011.
4776:
4707:
4667:
4602:
4483:
4451:The Journal of Modern African Studies
3871:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture
3619:grew in the 18th and 19th centuries,
2709:Congregation for the Causes of Saints
2004:Delegata potestas non potest delegari
1951:Association of the Christian faithful
1094:Eastern Canonical Reforms of Pius XII
523:'s nationalists, who fled there, and
219:and operates in the wider context of
6803:
4881:by Yves Lassard and Alexandr Koptev.
4805:Legal History: Law and Social Change
4768:Sealy, L.S.; Hooley, R.J.A. (2003).
4745:
4605:Legal Issues of Economic Integration
4559:
4169:
4127:
4121:
3173:Legal history of the Catholic Church
2867:Journals and Professional Societies
2599:(tribunals & ministers/parties)
6179:
4908:Historical Laws of Hong Kong Online
4371:, vol. 42, no. 2, 2016, pp. 52–57.
327:ruler, formulated the first extant
24:
4811:
4803:Kempin, Jr., Frederick G. (1963).
4642:Dicionário de Filosofia do Direito
4071:Five Years of China WTO Membership
3746:Constitution of the Roman Republic
3230:(all law before the Code) and the
1691:Supra-diocesan/eparchal structures
475:. Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore and
444:, dating from the 400 BC, and the
371:innovations in the development of
25:
6881:
5071:Restitution and unjust enrichment
4914:Basic Law Drafting History Online
4857:
3693:follow the French civilian system
3337:, which is mentioned in texts of
531:was heavily influenced by soviet
247:histories from the parameters of
6870:History of science by discipline
6826:
6815:
6802:
6791:
6790:
6118:
6117:
6103:
4329:Journal of Comparative Economics
4215:Comparative Study of Private Law
4202:Comparative Study of Private Law
3884:The Nature of Athenian Democracy
3678:
3387:. Roman law, in the days of the
3360:
3179:Canon law of the Catholic Church
3128:
2088:Resignation of the Roman Pontiff
1341:Approbation (Catholic canon law)
794:Collectiones canonum Dionysianae
561:
378:
271:
51:
6745:List of social science journals
6082:History of the legal profession
4663:. The Bruce Publishing Company.
4553:
4524:
4477:
4438:
4391:
4378:
4361:
4277:
4259:
4246:
4233:
4220:
4207:
4194:
4156:
4092:
4076:
4063:
4050:
4037:
4024:
4011:
3998:
3985:
3960:
3935:
3922:
3482:to govern natives and Germanic
3365:
3327:. One such institution was the
3319:during the classical period of
2279:Incardination and excardination
1942:Types of membership of Opus Dei
1675:Supreme authority of the Church
1295:Impediment (Catholic canon law)
801:Collectio canonum quadripartita
482:
411:Classical Hindu law in practice
6702:Science and technology studies
4731:. Cambridge University Press.
4659:Della Rocca, Fernando (1959).
4320:Klerman D, Mahoney PG (2007).
3942:Chapra, Muhammad Umer (2014).
3909:
3889:
3876:
3863:
3850:
3830:
3806:
3782:
3758:
3650:
3412:
3335:informal value transfer system
3282:
2836:Legal practice and scholarship
2745:Election of the Roman Pontiff
2571:Lifetime of prayer and penance
1527:Canonical form (Latin Church)
815:Collectio canonum Wigorniensis
808:Collectio canonum Quesnelliana
13:
1:
4851:Institute of European History
4781:Roman Law in European History
4672:Legal Traditions of the World
4596:
4510:10.2979/indjglolegstu.18.1.87
4502:10.2979/indjglolegstu.18.1.87
4254:Roman Law in European History
4241:Roman Law in European History
4228:Roman Law in European History
4058:Legal Traditions of the World
4045:Legal Traditions of the World
4032:Legal Traditions of the World
4019:Legal Traditions of the World
4006:Legal Traditions of the World
3993:Legal Traditions of the World
3930:Legal Traditions of the World
3917:Legal Traditions of the World
3341:as early as the 8th century.
3035:Institute of consecrated life
1011:Apostolicae Sedis moderationi
980:
884:
788:Collections of ancient canons
750:
479:also adopted the common law.
4885:CHD Centre for Legal History
4869:Some legal history materials
3701:prior appropriation doctrine
2872:Canon Law Society of America
2765:Reforms of Pope Benedict XVI
2500:Censure (Catholic canon law)
2328:Associations of the faithful
2313:Juridic and physical persons
1961:Quinquennial visit ad limina
1317:Nullity of Sacred Ordination
553:
7:
4712:. Oxford University Press.
4676:. Oxford University Press.
4179:as well as in parts of the
3729:
3007:Manifestation of Conscience
2842:List of legal abbreviations
2222:Person (Catholic canon law)
1372:Internal and external forum
850:Lay investiture controversy
773:The Apostolic Constitutions
10:
6886:
5749:International legal theory
5228:International slavery laws
5223:International human rights
5218:International criminal law
4772:. LexisNexis Butterworths.
4668:Glenn, H. Patrick (2000).
4640:Barretto, Vicente (2006).
4532:"Africamix sur le site du
3685:United States legal system
3654:
3593:
3527:Norman conquest of England
3442:
3424:
3369:
3292:
3286:
3269:Eastern Catholic canon law
3176:
3170:
2950:Modern & Contemporary
2613:Tribunal of the Roman Rota
2284:Laicization (dispensation)
2073:Obreption & subreption
1986:Canonically crowned images
1671:, and canonical structures
833:Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals
529:People's Republic of China
486:
404:
382:
293:
275:
60:Foundations and Philosophy
6786:
6753:
6737:
6484:
6210:
6187:
6097:
6074:
5964:
5802:Administration of justice
5787:
5696:
5587:
5466:
5368:
5089:
4957:
4578:10.1017/s0021855300004265
4463:10.1017/S0022278X01003755
4341:10.1016/j.jce.2007.03.007
4298:North Carolina Law Review
3718:, each state has its own
3645:European Court of Justice
3303:Early reforms under Islam
3234:(the law of the Code, or
3183:The legal history of the
3109:Society of apostolic life
2800:Romano Pontifici eligendo
2274:Clerics and public office
2171:Temporal goods (property)
1741:Local particular churches
1735:Eastern Catholic Churches
1626:Ratum sed non consummatum
122:Methodological background
5579:Basic structure doctrine
5429:Natural and legal rights
5310:Public international law
4891:Centre for Legal History
3869:J.P. Mallory, "Law", in
3751:
2754:Universi Dominici gregis
1770:Apostolic administration
1620:Matrimonial dispensation
1494:Fast days and abstinence
1400:Sacramentum Poenitentiae
1367:Seal of the Confessional
537:World Trade Organization
6390:international relations
5759:Principle of typicality
5233:International trade law
4949:
4847:European History Online
4836:Oxford Reference Online
4753:European History Online
4560:Read, James S. (1962).
4398:Dainow, Joseph (1966).
4187:Encyclopædia Britannica
3818:Encyclopedia Britannica
3794:Encyclopedia Britannica
3770:Encyclopedia Britannica
3629:BĂĽrgerliches Gesetzbuch
3600:BĂĽrgerliches Gesetzbuch
2884:Faculties of canon law
2852:Licentiate of Canon Law
2714:Maiorem hac dilectionem
2680:Appeal as from an abuse
2506:De delictis gravioribus
1775:Apostolic administrator
1583:Impediments to Marriage
1450:Indulgentiarum doctrina
938:Decretals of Gregory IX
838:Donation of Constantine
703:Orientalium ecclesiarum
645:Indulgentiarum Doctrina
512:traditional Chinese law
489:Traditional Chinese law
99:Judicial interpretation
6717:Quantum social science
4893:– Edinburgh Law School
4874:The Schoyen Collection
4697:, HarperCollins 2005.
4566:Journal of African Law
4375:Retrieved 12 May 2023.
3714:Under the doctrine of
3422:
3261:1983 Code of Canon Law
3257:Second Vatican Council
3247:1917 Code of Canon Law
3242:developed separately.
3135:Catholicism portal
3100:Provida Mater Ecclesia
2807:Ingravescentem aetatem
2618:Apostolic Penitentiary
2518:Crimen sollicitationis
2400:Apostolic constitution
2350:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
2269:Obligation of celibacy
1813:Moderator of the Curia
1745:Appointment of bishops
1552:Declaration of Nullity
1508:Holy day of obligation
1415:Eucharistic discipline
1384:Apostolic Penitentiary
1359:Paenitentiale Theodori
1336:Episcopal consecrators
1312:Obligation of celibacy
1258:Communicatio in sacris
1237:Holy day of obligation
1184:Scripturarum thesaurus
1163:Sacrosanctum Concilium
1138:General Roman Calendar
780:Canons of the Apostles
725:Precepts of the Church
717:Sacrosanctum concilium
676:Second Vatican Council
467:, compiled by emperor
428:
6754:Other categorizations
6607:International studies
6592:History of technology
6527:Communication studies
6410:public administration
5754:Principle of legality
5513:Delegated legislation
5213:Intellectual property
4904:– Cornell Law Library
4879:The Roman Law Library
4777:Stein, Peter (1999).
4746:Otto, Martin (2011).
4089:, accessed Jul-1-2013
3967:Jackson, Roy (2010).
3720:separate court system
3691:, which continued to
3512:University of Bologna
3420:
3339:Islamic jurisprudence
3206:The history of Latin
3177:Further information:
2793:Aeterni Patris Filius
2629:Ministers of Justice
2581:Ecclesiastical prison
2576:Canonical admonitions
2393:Protonotary apostolic
1870:Anglicanorum Coetibus
1703:Conference of bishops
1198:Quattuor abhinc annos
1191:Liturgiam authenticam
896:Corpus Juris Canonici
760:Ancient Church Orders
710:Presbyterorum ordinis
652:Praedicate evangelium
497:Great Qing Legal Code
425:Constitution of India
422:
6865:Academic disciplines
6587:Historical sociology
5972:Barristers' chambers
5914:Legal representation
5852:Justice of the peace
5198:Financial regulation
4708:Kelly, J.M. (1992).
4644:. Unisinos Editora.
4617:10.54648/LEIE2006016
4213:Gordley-von Mehren,
4200:Gordley-von Mehren,
4177:Western civilization
4116:Manual of Canon Law,
4083:Dr. Edward N. Peters
3846:Law in ancient Egypt
3837:Théodoridés. "law".
3608:Francisco de Vitoria
3563:ecclesiastical court
3445:Germanic tribal laws
3406:Corpus Juris Civilis
2917:Raymond of Penyafort
2676:(matrimonial causes)
2652:Defender of the Bond
2512:Complicit absolution
2472:Ecclesiastical Latin
2112:Validity and liceity
1981:Canonical coronation
1864:Personal ordinariate
1851:Military ordinariate
1697:College of Cardinals
1578:Defender of the Bond
1394:Complicit absolution
1278:Validity and liceity
1226:Traditionis custodes
1062:Papal judge-delegate
870:Plenitudo potestatis
828:Symmachian forgeries
227:. Twentieth-century
225:intellectual history
207:is the study of how
6767:Geisteswissenschaft
6761:Behavioral sciences
6687:Political sociology
6602:Information science
6547:Development studies
6007:Election commission
5719:Expressive function
5248:Landlord–tenant law
5147:Consumer protection
4822:Six volumes to date
4661:Manual of Canon Law
3590:Modern European law
3578:, first founded on
3567:inquisitorial-trial
3551:Assize of Clarendon
3529:, which introduced
3041:Religious institute
2927:Johannes Teutonicus
2889:School of Canon Law
2862:Doctor of both laws
2857:Doctor of Canon Law
2694:Vos estis lux mundi
2565:ferendae sententiae
2555:Laicization (penal)
2343:Canonical documents
2299:Canonical provision
2289:Canonical faculties
1993:Computation of time
1802:In persona episcopi
1788:Aeque principaliter
1782:Diocese/Archdiocese
1758:Apostolic vicariate
1715:Particular churches
1665:Supreme authority,
1598:Impediment of crime
1331:Dimissorial letters
1212:Summorum Pontificum
407:Classical Hindu law
6822:Society portal
6309:auxiliary sciences
5965:Legal institutions
5832:Lawsuit/Litigation
5822:Dispute resolution
5627:Catholic canon law
5335:State of emergency
5298:Will and testament
5022:Law of obligations
4975:Constitutional law
4965:Administrative law
4271:2011-09-27 at the
3902:The Times of India
3724:federal government
3705:community property
3637:European Union law
3427:Early Germanic law
3423:
3189:Catholic canon law
3187:is the history of
2760:Papal renunciation
2667:(trial procedure)
2357:Acta Sanctae Sedis
2304:Canonical election
1937:Personal prelature
1932:Pontifical council
1685:College of Bishops
1389:Canon penitentiary
1353:Penitential canons
1170:Mysterii Paschalis
1056:Contractum trinius
863:Libertas ecclesiae
638:Ex corde Ecclesiae
429:
389:Yajnavalkya Smriti
335:further developed
256:than the study of
6842:
6841:
6682:Political economy
6677:Political ecology
6532:Community studies
6522:Cognitive science
6485:Interdisciplinary
6385:Political science
6147:
6146:
5807:Constitutionalism
5729:Law and economics
5567:Act of parliament
5305:Product liability
5258:Legal archaeology
5183:Environmental law
5177:Entertainment law
5017:International law
4738:978-0-521-68185-8
3905:. 11 August 2013.
3541:. In particular,
3271:common to all 23
3263:, promulgated by
3240:Eastern canon law
3224:Code of Canon Law
3169:
3168:
3080:Secular institute
2937:Burchard of Worms
2932:Geoffrey of Trani
2847:Academic degrees
2787:Papal appointment
2720:Advocatus Diaboli
2673:Dignitas connubii
2122:Apostolic visitor
2021:Taxa Innocentiana
1900:Collegiate church
1651:Petrine privilege
1646:Pauline privilege
1633:Sanatio in radice
1603:Disparity of cult
1558:Dignitas connubii
1545:Banns of marriage
1323:Apostolicae curae
1219:Magnum principium
1044:Code of Canon Law
1036:Ecclesiae Sanctae
1029:Code of Canon Law
903:Decretum Gratiani
674:Documents of the
659:Veritatis gaudium
615:Magnum principium
601:Code of Canon Law
506:, but mostly the
465:Fatawa-e-Alamgiri
401:Fatawa-e-Alamgiri
365:Ancient Greek law
355:), human decree (
286:Ancient Greek law
233:social historians
198:
197:
162:judicial opinions
109:Law and economics
16:(Redirected from
6877:
6830:
6820:
6819:
6806:
6805:
6794:
6793:
6697:Regional science
6542:Cultural studies
6517:Business studies
6174:
6167:
6160:
6151:
6150:
6122:
6121:
6120:
6108:
6107:
5931:Question of fact
5812:Criminal justice
5142:Construction law
5137:Conflict of laws
5102:Agricultural law
4944:
4937:
4930:
4921:
4920:
4800:
4784:
4773:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4742:
4723:
4687:
4675:
4664:
4655:
4636:
4590:
4589:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4538:. Archived from
4528:
4522:
4521:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4442:
4436:
4435:
4395:
4389:
4382:
4376:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4349:
4343:. Archived from
4326:
4317:
4308:
4306:
4292:
4286:
4281:
4275:
4263:
4257:
4250:
4244:
4237:
4231:
4224:
4218:
4211:
4205:
4198:
4192:
4190:
4173:
4167:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4125:
4119:
4112:
4103:
4096:
4090:
4080:
4074:
4067:
4061:
4054:
4048:
4041:
4035:
4028:
4022:
4015:
4009:
4002:
3996:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3939:
3933:
3926:
3920:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3893:
3887:
3880:
3874:
3867:
3861:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3762:
3643:set down by the
3584:Hanseatic League
3555:trials by combat
3537:that became the
3471:Byzantine Empire
3357:in Italian law.
3351:French civil law
3161:
3154:
3147:
3133:
3132:
3086:Cum Sanctissimus
3066:Mendicant orders
3017:Pontifical right
2990:consecrated life
2974:Edward N. Peters
2689:Penal procedure
2561:Latae sententiae
2333:Consecrated life
1892:Team of priests
1708:Synod of Bishops
1641:Natural marriage
1613:Public propriety
1272:Omnium in mentem
1265:Ex opere operato
991:Council of Trent
985:
982:
889:
886:
845:Gregorian Reform
755:
752:
682:Christus Dominus
631:Ad tuendam fidem
608:Omnium in mentem
580:Canon law of the
565:
558:
557:
367:contained major
309:Ancient Egyptian
190:
183:
176:
114:Sociology of law
55:
32:
31:
21:
6885:
6884:
6880:
6879:
6878:
6876:
6875:
6874:
6845:
6844:
6843:
6838:
6814:
6782:
6749:
6733:
6707:Science studies
6491:Administration
6480:
6206:
6183:
6181:Social sciences
6178:
6148:
6143:
6116:
6102:
6093:
6070:
6061:Political party
6034:Legal education
6022:Law enforcement
6002:Court of equity
5960:
5936:Question of law
5889:Practice of law
5869:Judicial review
5783:
5734:Legal formalism
5714:Comparative law
5709:Contract theory
5692:
5612:Legal pluralism
5583:
5572:Act of Congress
5496:Executive order
5462:
5364:
5283:Nationality law
5208:Immigration law
5132:Competition law
5085:
4953:
4948:
4860:
4841:Potz, Richard:
4814:
4812:Further reading
4797:
4758:
4756:
4739:
4720:
4684:
4652:
4599:
4594:
4593:
4558:
4554:
4545:
4543:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4482:
4478:
4443:
4439:
4396:
4392:
4384:Sealey-Hooley,
4383:
4379:
4366:
4362:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4324:
4322:"Legal Origins"
4318:
4311:
4305:(5): 1635–1739.
4293:
4289:
4282:
4278:
4273:Wayback Machine
4264:
4260:
4251:
4247:
4238:
4234:
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4208:
4199:
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4184:
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4113:
4106:
4098:Raymond Wacks,
4097:
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3763:
3759:
3754:
3736:Legal biography
3732:
3709:Mexican Cession
3681:
3668:Kouroukan Fouga
3659:
3653:
3627:and the German
3625:Napoleonic Code
3610:
3596:Napoleonic code
3594:Main articles:
3592:
3571:Court of Arches
3480:Theodosian Code
3467:
3465:Schwabenspiegel
3449:Visigothic Code
3441:
3439:Early Irish law
3431:Anglo-Saxon law
3425:Main articles:
3415:
3378:
3370:Main articles:
3368:
3363:
3317:Islamic jurists
3305:
3291:
3285:
3185:Catholic Church
3181:
3175:
3165:
3127:
3122:
3121:
3116:Decretum laudis
3093:Primo Feliciter
3071:Clerics regular
2992:
2981:
2980:
2964:Pietro Gasparri
2954:Eugenio Corecco
2837:
2829:
2828:
2594:
2586:
2585:
2526:Excommunication
2485:
2477:
2476:
2467:Parish register
2366:Censor librorum
2344:
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2335:
2331:
2326:
2311:
2217:
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6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6035:
6032:
6028:
6025:
6024:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5992:Civil society
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5963:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5951:Trier of fact
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5849:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5837:Legal opinion
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5817:Court-martial
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5789:Jurisprudence
5786:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5695:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5678:Statutory law
5676:
5674:
5673:Socialist law
5671:
5667:
5666:Byzantine law
5664:
5663:
5662:
5659:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5617:Religious law
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5590:
5589:Legal systems
5586:
5580:
5577:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5558:
5557:Statutory law
5555:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5509:
5506:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5469:
5465:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5387:Statutory law
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5367:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5345:Transport law
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5263:Legal fiction
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5193:Financial law
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5152:Corporate law
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5076:Statutory law
5074:
5072:
5069:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4958:Core subjects
4956:
4952:
4945:
4940:
4938:
4933:
4931:
4926:
4925:
4922:
4915:
4912:
4909:
4906:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4892:
4889:
4886:
4883:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4837:
4833:
4832:OUP catalogue
4829:
4826:
4823:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4796:0-521-64372-4
4792:
4788:
4783:
4782:
4775:
4771:
4766:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4740:
4734:
4730:
4725:
4721:
4719:0-19-876244-5
4715:
4711:
4706:
4704:
4703:0-00-711121-5
4700:
4696:
4692:
4691:Sadakat Kadri
4689:
4685:
4683:0-19-876575-4
4679:
4674:
4673:
4666:
4662:
4657:
4653:
4651:85-7431-266-5
4647:
4643:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4601:
4600:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4556:
4542:on 2009-03-30
4541:
4537:
4535:
4527:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4496:(1): 87–120.
4495:
4491:
4487:
4480:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4441:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4394:
4387:
4381:
4374:
4373:JSTOR website
4370:
4364:
4350:on 2009-08-26
4346:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4323:
4316:
4314:
4304:
4300:
4299:
4291:
4285:
4280:
4274:
4270:
4267:
4262:
4255:
4249:
4242:
4236:
4229:
4223:
4216:
4210:
4203:
4197:
4188:
4185:"Roman law".
4182:
4181:Eastern world
4178:
4172:
4165:
4159:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4114:Della Rocca,
4111:
4109:
4101:
4095:
4088:
4087:CanonLaw.info
4084:
4079:
4072:
4066:
4059:
4053:
4046:
4040:
4033:
4027:
4020:
4014:
4007:
4001:
3994:
3988:
3980:
3978:9781136950360
3974:
3971:. Routledge.
3970:
3963:
3955:
3953:9781783475728
3949:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3925:
3918:
3912:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3892:
3885:
3879:
3872:
3866:
3859:
3853:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3819:
3815:
3809:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3757:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3679:United States
3676:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3658:
3657:Law in Africa
3648:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3419:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3377:
3376:Byzantine law
3373:
3361:European laws
3358:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3325:jurisprudence
3322:
3318:
3314:
3313:jurisprudence
3310:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3248:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3174:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3125:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2969:Ladislas Orsy
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2959:John D. Faris
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2814:Ubi periculum
2811:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2727:Oblatio vitae
2724:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:Pars dynamica
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2495:Canon 1397 §2
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2234:Canonical age
2232:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2204:Temporalities
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2183:Cathedraticum
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2106:Vacatio legis
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1974:Jurisprudence
1970:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1956:Vicar general
1954:
1952:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1795:Cathedraticum
1792:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1680:Roman Pontiff
1678:
1677:
1676:
1670:
1662:
1661:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1593:Clandestinity
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1484:Sacred times
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1296:
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1141:
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1139:
1136:
1135:
1134:Latin Church
1128:
1127:
1120:
1117:
1115:
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998:
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992:
989:
988:
987:
978:
977:
968:
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963:
961:
960:
959:Extravagantes
956:
954:
953:
949:
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942:
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928:
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748:
747:
746:
739:
738:Legal history
734:
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719:
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714:
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711:
707:
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690:
689:Lumen gentium
686:
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679:
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626:
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621:
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616:
612:
610:
609:
605:
604:
603:
602:
597:
596:
593:(current law)
592:
587:
586:
583:
578:
577:
573:
569:
568:
564:
560:
559:
549:
548:Mongol Empire
545:
542:
541:
540:
538:
534:
533:Socialist law
530:
526:
522:
517:
513:
509:
505:
498:
494:
490:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
461:Mughal Empire
458:
454:
449:
448:
443:
442:
437:
433:
432:Ancient India
426:
421:
416:
412:
408:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
379:Southern Asia
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
323:, an ancient
322:
318:
314:
310:
305:
301:
297:
291:
287:
283:
279:
272:Ancient world
269:
268:can achieve.
267:
263:
259:
258:jurisprudence
254:
250:
246:
242:
241:civil society
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:civilisations
214:
210:
206:
202:
201:Legal history
191:
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107:
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100:
97:
95:
94:Jurisprudence
92:
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63:
59:
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49:
46:
43:
42:
38:
34:
33:
30:
19:
6831:
6807:
6795:
6765:
6572:Food studies
6512:Area studies
6350:
6265:mathematical
6260:econometrics
6218:Anthropology
6136:
6129:
6115:
6101:
5874:Jurisdiction
5842:Legal remedy
5797:Adjudication
5738:
5697:Legal theory
5535:Ratification
5530:Promulgation
5501:Proclamation
5481:Codification
5414:Human rights
5402:Divine right
5392:Constitution
5360:Women in law
5278:Military law
5273:Marriage law
5268:Maritime law
5167:Election law
5107:Aviation law
5097:Abortion law
5049:Property law
4985:Criminal law
4827:
4817:
4804:
4780:
4769:
4759:November 11,
4757:. Retrieved
4751:
4728:
4709:
4694:
4671:
4660:
4641:
4608:
4604:
4569:
4565:
4555:
4544:. Retrieved
4540:the original
4533:
4526:
4493:
4489:
4479:
4454:
4450:
4440:
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4403:
4393:
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4380:
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4345:the original
4332:
4328:
4302:
4296:
4290:
4279:
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4253:
4248:
4240:
4235:
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4222:
4214:
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4186:
4171:
4163:
4158:
4133:
4129:
4123:
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4099:
4094:
4078:
4070:
4065:
4057:
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4044:
4039:
4031:
4026:
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4013:
4005:
4000:
3992:
3987:
3968:
3962:
3943:
3937:
3929:
3924:
3916:
3911:
3900:
3891:
3883:
3878:
3870:
3865:
3857:
3852:
3845:
3844:* VerSteeg,
3838:
3832:
3821:. Retrieved
3817:
3808:
3797:. Retrieved
3793:
3784:
3773:. Retrieved
3769:
3760:
3713:
3682:
3660:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3580:Scandinavian
3576:Law Merchant
3524:
3497:
3468:
3404:
3396:
3385:Roman Empire
3379:
3366:Roman Empire
3354:
3346:
3342:
3328:
3306:
3265:John Paul II
3251:
3244:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3212:jus antiquum
3211:
3205:
3182:
3114:
3107:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3046:Congregation
3033:
2912:Jean Lemoine
2893:
2883:
2876:
2866:
2846:
2821:Quia propter
2819:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2779:
2752:
2749:Current law
2744:
2732:
2725:
2719:
2703:Canonization
2701:
2692:
2671:
2664:
2663:
2597:Pars statica
2596:
2564:
2560:
2516:
2504:
2457:Positive law
2431:Motu proprio
2429:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2355:
2348:
2325:
2318:
2310:
2293:
2253:
2239:Emancipation
2194:Mass stipend
2189:Contract law
2181:
2156:Determinatio
2154:
2147:
2141:Ecclesiology
2128:
2104:
2094:Sede vacante
2092:
2083:Promulgation
2065:
2061:Jurisdiction
2019:
2015:Dispensation
2002:
1927:Congregation
1893:
1879:
1868:
1857:
1830:Vicar forane
1800:
1793:
1786:
1751:
1730:Latin Church
1722:
1713:
1712:
1690:
1689:
1674:
1631:
1624:
1568:
1556:
1537:
1530:
1498:
1483:
1457:
1448:
1438:Sacramentals
1436:
1430:Mass stipend
1398:
1357:
1321:
1282:
1270:
1263:
1257:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1205:Ecclesia Dei
1203:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1086:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1034:
1028:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1009:
1002:
996:
975:
974:
973:
964:
957:
952:Regulæ Juris
950:
936:
929:
920:
913:
901:
894:
879:
878:
877:
868:
861:
854:
813:
806:
799:
792:
778:
771:
764:
745:Jus antiquum
743:
742:
715:
708:
701:
694:
687:
680:
657:
650:
643:
636:
629:
622:
613:
606:
600:
590:
516:Qing dynasty
500:
483:Eastern Asia
445:
441:Arthashastra
439:
430:
397:Dharmasastra
393:Arthashastra
360:
356:
352:
307:
300:Hittite laws
204:
200:
199:
149:Legal debate
135:Prescriptive
104:Positive law
86:Legal theory
77:
29:
6833:Wikiversity
6724:Social work
6612:Linguistics
6537:Criminology
6454:criminology
6437:personality
6395:comparative
6373:Linguistics
6366:private law
6223:archaeology
6046:Legislature
5977:Bureaucracy
5774:Rule of man
5769:Rule of law
5744:Libertarian
5607:Chinese law
5508:Legislation
5458:Regulations
5446:Law reports
5424:Natural law
5320:Reparations
5315:Refugee law
5238:Jurimetrics
5179:(Media law)
5117:Banking law
5112:Amnesty law
5090:Disciplines
5027:Private law
3697:Spanish law
3664:Mali Empire
3651:African law
3617:nationalism
3604:English law
3547:Westminster
3500:Charlemagne
3489:lawspeakers
3469:During the
3461:Magna Carta
3457:Blutgericht
3413:Middle Ages
3333:, an early
3321:Islamic law
3309:Islamic law
3283:Islamic law
3236:jus codicis
3201:jus commune
3056:Monasticism
2775:Cum proxime
2771:Historical
2685:Presumption
2452:Penitential
2442:Papal brief
1917:Roman Curia
1500:Paenitemini
1290:Holy Orders
1080:Eastern law
1019:Jus codicis
984: 1563
944:Decretalist
931:Jus commune
888: 1140
385:Manu Smriti
266:civil codes
140:Jurimetrics
6849:Categories
6778:Humanities
6712:historical
6645:psychology
6617:Management
6459:demography
6417:Psychology
6400:philosophy
6361:public law
6292:integrated
6039:Law school
5919:Prosecutor
5857:Magistrate
5644:Jewish law
5602:Common law
5523:Rulemaking
5518:Regulation
5468:Law making
5407:Divine law
5383:Legal code
5330:Sports law
5253:Law of war
5203:Health law
5188:Family law
5172:Energy law
5122:Bankruptcy
5059:Punishment
5054:Public law
4597:References
4546:2009-03-27
4369:Litigation
4354:2009-09-04
4118:pg. 13, #8
3823:2021-03-16
3799:2021-03-16
3775:2021-03-16
3716:federalism
3655:See also:
3633:common law
3539:common law
3525:After the
3443:See also:
3293:See also:
3253:John XXIII
2997:Solemn vow
2907:Hostiensis
2894:Canonists
2878:The Jurist
2657:Procurator
2637:Officialis
2490:Canon 1324
2447:Papal bull
2425:Encyclical
2373:Imprimatur
2117:Visitation
2078:Obrogation
2039:Impediment
2010:Derogation
1894:in solidum
1667:particular
1489:Feast days
1444:Indulgence
1348:Confession
1284:Sacraments
922:Margaritae
591:Ius vigens
525:Mao Zedong
447:Manusmriti
405:See also:
317:rhetorical
294:See also:
229:historians
73:Philosophy
68:Definition
6656:Planning
6635:economics
6552:Education
6449:Sociology
6427:cognitive
6378:semiotics
6329:political
6287:technical
6272:Geography
6245:Economics
6017:Judiciary
6012:Executive
5987:The bench
5924:Solicitor
5899:Barrister
5779:Sociology
5764:Pseudolaw
5704:Anarchist
5661:Roman law
5649:Parsi law
5634:Hindu law
5622:Canon law
5597:Civil law
5550:Concordat
5441:Precedent
5350:Trust law
5325:Space law
5162:Drugs law
5032:Procedure
4970:Civil law
4849:, Mainz:
4625:153128973
4586:0021-8553
4572:(1): 65.
4518:154081067
4471:0022-278X
4424:0002-919X
4284:Roman law
4073:, 263–304
3711:in 1848.
3689:Louisiana
3641:precedent
3535:precedent
3520:civil law
3516:Roman law
3508:crusaders
3493:testimony
3484:customary
3401:Justinian
3381:Roman law
3372:Roman law
3273:sui juris
3232:jus novum
3228:jus vetus
3216:jus novum
3208:canon law
3197:civil law
3193:Roman law
2898:Medieval
2603:Tribunals
2550:Interdict
2484:Penal law
2437:Ordinance
2410:Concordat
2244:Exemption
2199:Stole fee
1922:Dicastery
1858:sui juris
1724:sui juris
1721:Churches
1539:Ne Temere
1420:Canon 915
1410:Eucharist
1300:Abstemius
1109:Exarchate
1099:Nomocanon
909:Decretist
880:Jus novum
754: 33
554:Canon law
493:Tang Code
477:Hong Kong
469:Aurangzeb
415:Hindu law
373:democracy
304:Ostracism
296:Urukagina
290:Leviticus
130:Normative
6797:Category
6665:regional
6660:land use
6495:business
6464:internet
6422:abnormal
6324:military
6314:economic
6304:cultural
6277:physical
6238:physical
6228:cultural
6124:Category
6066:Tribunal
6051:Military
5894:Attorney
5864:Judgment
5724:Feminist
5639:Jain law
5436:Case law
5157:Cyberlaw
5064:Corporal
5042:Criminal
5012:Evidence
5002:Doctrine
4980:Contract
4269:Archived
3730:See also
3559:Louis IX
3543:Henry II
3504:case law
3353:and the
3222:and the
2648:Parties
2462:Rescript
2420:Decretal
2254:Clerics
2177:Benefice
2136:Theology
2044:Donation
1856:Mission
1820:Chancery
1669:churches
1588:Affinity
1480:(chapel)
1425:Celebret
1232:Red Mass
572:a series
570:Part of
329:law code
325:Sumerian
321:Ur-Nammu
262:case law
37:a series
35:Part of
6809:Commons
6640:history
6630:science
6565:studies
6299:History
6211:Primary
6197:History
6192:Outline
6138:Outline
6075:History
5982:The bar
5956:Verdict
5904:Counsel
5884:Justice
5739:History
5562:Statute
5378:Charter
5340:Tax law
5288:Probate
4252:Stein,
4239:Stein,
4226:Stein,
4162:Kelly,
4069:Farah,
4056:Glenn,
4043:Glenn,
4030:Glenn,
4017:Glenn,
4004:Glenn,
3991:Glenn,
3928:Glenn,
3915:Glenn,
3856:Kelly,
2988:Law of
2942:Brocard
2922:Rufinus
2902:Gratian
2734:Positio
2642:Auditor
2294:Office
2067:Peritus
2029:Faculty
1839:Eparchy
1825:Deanery
1752:nullius
1750:Abbacy
1608:Ligamen
1570:Vetitum
1532:Tametsi
1478:Oratory
1104:Eparchy
1004:Tametsi
986:-1918)
890:-1563)
766:Didache
756:-1140)
546:of the
363:). Yet
237:society
213:evolved
203:or the
78:History
6500:public
6442:social
6334:social
6233:social
6056:Police
6027:Agency
5909:Lawyer
5654:Sharia
5545:Treaty
5540:Repeal
5486:Decree
5397:Custom
5293:Estate
5243:Labour
5007:Equity
4793:
4735:
4716:
4701:
4680:
4648:
4633:916768
4631:
4623:
4584:
4516:
4508:
4469:
4432:838275
4430:
4422:
4150:839667
4148:
3975:
3950:
3882:Ober,
3672:griots
3666:, the
3606:, and
3531:Norman
3463:, and
3437:, and
3393:Empire
3355:Avallo
3343:Hawala
3330:Hawala
3301:, and
3289:Sharia
3218:, the
3214:, the
2415:Decree
2388:Notary
2249:Heresy
2100:Simony
2034:Indult
1998:Custom
1887:Parish
1463:Altars
1050:Other
665:Custom
574:on the
508:German
504:French
495:, and
457:sharia
413:, and
399:, and
353:thémis
341:stelae
302:, and
288:, and
6670:urban
6474:urban
6469:rural
6319:human
6282:human
6202:Index
6131:Index
5997:Court
5941:Trial
5847:Judge
5688:Yassa
5491:Edict
5037:Civil
4990:Crime
4748:"Law"
4621:S2CID
4534:Monde
4514:S2CID
4506:JSTOR
4428:JSTOR
4348:(PDF)
4325:(PDF)
4146:JSTOR
4060:, 309
4047:, 307
4034:, 305
4021:, 304
4008:, 287
3995:, 273
3932:, 276
3919:, 255
3886:, 121
3873:, 346
3860:, 5–6
3752:Notes
3397:iudex
3051:Order
2405:Canon
1042:1983
1027:1917
599:1983
544:Yassa
436:China
357:nomos
313:Ma'at
278:Ma'at
253:class
158:Legal
6738:List
5879:Jury
5827:Fiqh
5683:Xeer
5081:Tort
4997:Deed
4791:ISBN
4761:2011
4733:ISBN
4714:ISBN
4699:ISBN
4678:ISBN
4646:ISBN
4629:SSRN
4582:ISSN
4467:ISSN
4420:ISSN
4388:, 14
4256:, 43
4243:, 35
4230:, 32
4217:, 21
4204:, 18
4166:, 39
3973:ISBN
3948:ISBN
3703:and
3683:The
3473:the
3391:and
3374:and
3347:Aval
3323:and
3311:and
3295:Fiqh
2563:and
434:and
423:The
361:dĂkÄ“
264:and
245:case
211:has
160:and
6341:Law
4951:Law
4613:doi
4574:doi
4498:doi
4459:doi
4412:doi
4337:doi
4138:doi
3615:As
3453:DĹŤm
3349:in
3238:).
463:'s
209:law
45:Law
6851::
5385:/
4845:,
4834:.
4789:.
4787:32
4750:.
4693:,
4627:.
4619:.
4609:33
4607:.
4580:.
4568:.
4564:.
4512:.
4504:.
4494:18
4492:.
4488:.
4465:.
4455:39
4453:.
4449:.
4426:.
4418:.
4408:15
4406:.
4402:.
4333:35
4331:.
4327:.
4312:^
4303:77
4301:.
4191:).
4144:.
4134:26
4132:.
4107:^
4085:,
3899:.
3816:.
3792:.
3768:.
3726:.
3647:.
3602:,
3598:,
3557:.
3495:.
3459:,
3455:,
3451:,
3447:,
3433:,
3429:,
3297:,
3279:.
3249:.
981:c.
885:c.
751:c.
539:.
491:,
455:,
409:,
395:,
391:,
387:,
375:.
298:,
284:,
280:,
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