1036:
1129:
52:
1028:
967:
The looting of Rome, and the consequent removal of
Clement from any real role in the war, prompted frantic action on the part of the French. On 30 April 1527, Henry VIII and Francis signed the Treaty of Westminster, pledging to combine their forces against Charles. Francis, having finally drawn Henry
1000:
Doria, however, soon deserted the French for
Charles. The siege collapsed as plague broke out in the French camp, killing most of the army along with Foix and Navarro. Andrea Doria's offensive in Genoa (where he soon broke the blockade of the city and forced the surrender of the French at
874:, was released from his captivity in Madrid and returned to France, where he quickly announced his intention to assist Clement. Thus, on 22 May 1526, the League of Cognac was signed by Francis, Clement, Venice, Florence, and the
902:
family organized an attack on Rome to exploit the Papacy's moment of weakness, defeating the Papal forces and briefly seizing control of the city in
September 1526. They were soon paid off and left the city
413:
1110:. Finally, Francesco was permitted to return to Milan—Charles having abandoned his earlier plan to place Alessandro de' Medici on the throne, in part due to Venetian objections—for the sum of 900,000
1035:
1083:
itself and the various points dealing with
Charles de Bourbon, who, having been killed two years prior, was no longer a candidate for leading an independent Kingdom of Provence. The final
384:
448:
418:
423:
622:
377:
443:
408:
478:
516:
458:
1626:
1561:
438:
370:
290:
1631:
1576:
1063:
to Italy shortly before. The final terms largely mirrored those of the Treaty of Madrid three years earlier; Francis surrendered his rights to
1571:
1546:
615:
1581:
1611:
1586:
1094:
to meet with the Pope. Clement absolved the participants of the sack of Rome and promised to crown
Charles. In return, he received
756:
608:
941:, now in command of the Papal armies, proved unable to resist them; and when the Duke of Bourbon was killed, the underpaid armies
1616:
1043:
Following the defeat of his armies, Francis sought peace with
Charles. The negotiations began in July 1529 in the border city of
1636:
1621:
509:
1516:
1171:, and from then on Florence became a hereditary realm of the powerful Medici dynasty, ending centuries of republican rule.
1006:
778:
316:
589:
709:
1500:
1475:
1457:
1438:
1423:
1401:
1383:
1347:
1332:
1123:
502:
473:
689:
321:
17:
1556:
1159:
in 1530, and, although the Prince of Orange himself was killed, the
Imperial army won a decisive victory and the
1087:, signed on 3 August, removed France from the war, leaving Venice, Florence, and the Pope alone against Charles.
1052:
973:
112:
56:
1566:
334:
1551:
898:, but Imperial troops marched into Lombardy and soon forced Sforza to abandon Milan. Meanwhile, the powerful
859:
799:
751:
704:
652:
543:
930:
682:
677:
672:
662:
657:
647:
578:
573:
568:
558:
548:
538:
259:
950:
39:
1536:
719:
1102:; cities which the Republic of Venice was forced to surrender—along with her remaining possessions in
1591:
1531:
1353:
1164:
1132:
463:
1601:
1596:
871:
694:
1365:
1606:
1389:
989:
962:
938:
453:
1148:
1079:
before his sons were to be released. Removed, however, were both the humiliating surrender of
277:
1541:
946:
883:
352:
1526:
1521:
1160:
1144:
831:
433:
215:
8:
1463:
1152:
1107:
1010:
942:
912:
867:
847:
761:
741:
468:
428:
339:
311:
105:
1325:
The Black Bands of
Giovanni: Infantry and Diplomacy During the Italian Wars (1526–1528).
1156:
855:
823:
819:
746:
483:
254:
231:
220:
210:
1496:
1471:
1453:
1449:
1434:
1419:
1397:
1379:
1361:
1343:
1328:
1084:
1080:
1022:
863:
843:
811:
803:
731:
225:
190:
185:
157:
142:
98:
1378:
Translated by Isola van den Hoven-Vardon. New York: Oxford
University Press, 2002.
1168:
926:
815:
736:
343:
325:
300:
295:
281:
272:
263:
152:
116:
1106:—to Charles in exchange for being permitted to retain the holdings she had won at
886:, thwarted in his requests to have the treaty signed in England, refused to join.
1048:
714:
699:
163:
895:
827:
807:
766:
236:
147:
1416:
Weapons and
Warfare in Renaissance Europe: Gunpowder, Technology, and Tactics.
362:
1510:
1396:
Translated by Sydney Alexander. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984.
1371:
553:
1481:
981:
969:
771:
642:
526:
195:
169:
43:
918:
851:
202:
724:
1128:
984:
had quickly joined the French and seized much of the Genoese fleet—to
600:
1147:
alone continued to resist the Imperial forces, which were led by the
1060:
1005:), together with the decisive defeat of a French relief force under
51:
1136:
1068:
1027:
934:
795:
1095:
1091:
1072:
1044:
899:
1103:
1099:
1064:
1002:
985:
922:
875:
494:
1076:
1055:
for her nephew the Emperor (leading to its being known as the
1111:
977:
879:
882:, who desired to throw off the Imperial hegemony over them.
1059:, Peace of the Ladies), Charles himself having sailed from
1047:; they were conducted primarily between Francis's mother
1411:
Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1937.
1075:, and was obliged to pay a ransom of two million golden
1013:, ended Francis's hopes of regaining his hold on Italy.
988:, where it proceeded to dig itself in for an extended
1486:
A History of the Art of War in the Sixteenth Century.
810:—and the League of Cognac, an alliance including the
59:, 1530, fought during the War of the League of Cognac
949:. His escape was made possible by the Swiss Guards'
1327:Pisa: Pisa University Press, Edizioni Plus, 2005.
1117:
1016:
1418:Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997.
1508:
917:Charles V now gathered a force of 14,000 German
1090:Charles, having arrived in Genoa, proceeded to
392:
1358:MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History
945:the city, forcing the Pope to take refuge at
616:
510:
378:
27:Seventh phase of the Italian Wars (1526-1530)
1433:New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1993.
1446:Pavia 1525: The Climax of the Italian Wars.
1167:was then installed as Duke of Florence by
623:
609:
517:
503:
385:
371:
1155:engaged the armies of the Emperor at the
968:VIII into the League, sent an army under
858:, began to organize an alliance to drive
1627:16th century in the Republic of Florence
1127:
1034:
1026:
1562:Wars involving the Republic of Florence
1495:3 vols. New York: Facts on File, 2005.
630:
14:
1632:16th century in the Republic of Venice
1509:
894:The League quickly seized the town of
1577:Wars involving the Republic of Venice
1051:for the French and her sister-in-law
604:
498:
366:
1572:Wars involving the Republic of Genoa
1547:Wars involving the Holy Roman Empire
1491:Phillips, Charles and Alan Axelrod.
1342:New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994.
1007:Francis de Bourbon, Comte de St. Pol
24:
1431:Florence: The Biography of a City.
1139:by the victorious Imperial troops.
956:
111:Transformation of Florence into a
25:
1648:
1582:Wars involving the Duchy of Milan
995:
794:(1526–30) was fought between the
1612:16th century in the Papal States
1488:London: Methuen & Co., 1937.
1360:18, no. 3 (Spring 2006): 34–43.
889:
524:
50:
1587:Wars involving the Papal States
1470:New York: Vintage Books, 1989.
1301:
1118:Fall of the Florentine Republic
1017:Barcelona, Cambrai, and Bologna
974:Pedro Navarro, Count of Oliveto
906:
1617:1520s in the Holy Roman Empire
1288:
1275:
1258:
1245:
1232:
1219:
1206:
1193:
1180:
921:mercenaries and 6,000 Spanish
13:
1:
1637:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
1622:1530 in the Holy Roman Empire
1376:Emperor Charles V, 1500–1558.
1317:
1124:Siege of Florence (1529–1530)
842:Shocked by the defeat of the
1356:. "Dynasty Forged by Fire."
1163:surrendered ten days later.
7:
1517:War of the League of Cognac
792:War of the League of Cognac
396:War of the League of Cognac
291:Henry of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
33:War of the League of Cognac
10:
1653:
1151:. A Florentine army under
1135:was installed as ruler of
1121:
1020:
960:
910:
837:
1338:Baumgartner, Frederic J.
933:; the forces combined at
638:
587:
534:
404:
245:
129:
63:
49:
37:
32:
1174:
1390:Guicciardini, Francesco
40:French–Habsburg rivalry
1557:Wars involving England
1429:Hibbert, Christopher.
1140:
1040:
1032:
963:Siege of Naples (1527)
939:Francesco Guicciardini
937:and advanced on Rome.
246:Commanders and leaders
1567:Wars involving France
1493:Encyclopedia of Wars.
1394:The History of Italy.
1165:Alessandro de' Medici
1133:Alessandro de' Medici
1131:
1122:Further information:
1038:
1030:
961:Further information:
911:Further information:
884:Henry VIII of England
1552:Wars involving Spain
1468:A History of Venice.
1464:Norwich, John Julius
1323:Arfaioli, Maurizio.
1161:Republic of Florence
1145:Republic of Florence
870:, having signed the
854:, together with the
832:Republic of Florence
591:Full list of battles
216:Republic of Florence
1153:Francesco Ferruccio
1053:Margaret of Austria
1011:Battle of Landriano
913:Sack of Rome (1527)
848:Italian War of 1521
632:Franco-Spanish wars
340:Francesco Ferruccio
312:Francis I of France
278:Philibert of Châlon
113:hereditary monarchy
106:Florentine Republic
1409:Francis the First.
1407:Hackett, Francis.
1157:Battle of Gavinana
1141:
1041:
1033:
947:Castel Sant'Angelo
931:Charles of Bourbon
856:Republic of Venice
824:Kingdom of England
820:Republic of Venice
353:Malatesta Baglioni
322:Vicomte de Lautrec
260:Charles de Bourbon
232:Kingdom of Navarre
221:Kingdom of England
211:Republic of Venice
1537:Conflicts in 1530
1450:Osprey Publishing
1309:Emperor Charles V
1296:History of Venice
1283:Emperor Charles V
1270:Francis the First
1266:Emperor Charles V
1253:Emperor Charles V
1240:Emperor Charles V
1201:Emperor Charles V
1085:Treaty of Cambrai
1023:Treaty of Cambrai
864:Italian Peninsula
844:Kingdom of France
812:Kingdom of France
804:Holy Roman Empire
787:
786:
598:
597:
549:League of Cambrai
492:
491:
361:
360:
335:Francesco Maria I
226:Republic of Genoa
191:Swiss mercenaries
186:Kingdom of France
158:Republic of Genoa
143:Holy Roman Empire
125:
124:
99:Treaty of Cambrai
57:Siege of Florence
16:(Redirected from
1644:
1444:Konstam, Angus.
1312:
1305:
1299:
1292:
1286:
1279:
1273:
1262:
1256:
1249:
1243:
1236:
1230:
1227:History of Italy
1223:
1217:
1214:History of Italy
1210:
1204:
1197:
1191:
1188:History of Italy
1184:
1169:Pope Clement VII
1149:Prince of Orange
1031:Pope Clement VII
927:Georg Frundsberg
925:soldiers led by
872:Treaty of Madrid
816:Pope Clement VII
633:
625:
618:
611:
602:
601:
564:League of Cognac
529:
519:
512:
505:
496:
495:
399:
397:
387:
380:
373:
364:
363:
348:
330:
317:Comte de St. Pol
301:Ferrante Gonzaga
296:Georg Frundsberg
286:
273:Antonio de Leyva
268:
179:League of Cognac
153:Duchy of Ferrara
117:Pope Clement VII
92:Habsburg victory
65:
64:
54:
30:
29:
21:
18:League of Cognac
1652:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1592:1520s in France
1532:1520s conflicts
1507:
1506:
1320:
1315:
1306:
1302:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1276:
1268:, 68; Hackett,
1263:
1259:
1250:
1246:
1237:
1233:
1224:
1220:
1211:
1207:
1198:
1194:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1126:
1120:
1049:Louise of Savoy
1039:Louise of Savoy
1025:
1019:
998:
965:
959:
957:Siege of Naples
915:
909:
892:
840:
802:—primarily the
788:
783:
634:
631:
629:
599:
594:
583:
530:
525:
523:
493:
488:
414:Sienese Maremma
400:
395:
393:
391:
357:
344:
326:
305:
282:
264:
241:
207:
175:
164:Duchy of Mantua
95:
81:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1650:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1602:1520s in Italy
1599:
1597:1530 in France
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1505:
1504:
1489:
1479:
1461:
1442:
1427:
1412:
1405:
1387:
1372:Blockmans, Wim
1369:
1351:
1336:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1300:
1287:
1274:
1257:
1244:
1231:
1225:Guicciardini,
1218:
1212:Guicciardini,
1205:
1192:
1186:Guicciardini,
1178:
1176:
1173:
1119:
1116:
1057:Paix des Dames
1018:
1015:
997:
996:Siege of Genoa
994:
958:
955:
908:
905:
891:
888:
839:
836:
828:Duchy of Milan
785:
784:
782:
781:
776:
775:
774:
769:
764:
757:Coalition Wars
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
728:
727:
722:
717:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
686:
685:
680:
675:
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639:
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635:
628:
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613:
605:
596:
595:
588:
585:
584:
582:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
535:
532:
531:
522:
521:
514:
507:
499:
490:
489:
487:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
405:
402:
401:
390:
389:
382:
375:
367:
359:
358:
356:
355:
350:
337:
332:
319:
314:
308:
306:
304:
303:
298:
293:
288:
275:
270:
257:
251:
248:
247:
243:
242:
240:
239:
237:Duchy of Milan
234:
229:
223:
218:
213:
208:
206:
205:
199:
193:
188:
182:
176:
174:
173:
167:
161:
155:
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139:
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127:
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109:
102:
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61:
60:
47:
46:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1649:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1607:1530 in Italy
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1502:
1501:0-8160-2851-6
1498:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1482:Oman, Charles
1480:
1477:
1476:0-679-72197-5
1473:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1458:1-85532-504-7
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1439:0-393-03563-8
1436:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1424:0-8018-5531-4
1421:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1402:0-691-00800-0
1399:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1384:0-340-73110-9
1381:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1354:Black, Jeremy
1352:
1349:
1348:0-312-12072-9
1345:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1333:88-8492-231-3
1330:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1310:
1304:
1297:
1291:
1284:
1278:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1254:
1248:
1241:
1235:
1228:
1222:
1215:
1209:
1202:
1196:
1189:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1037:
1029:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
964:
954:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
914:
904:
901:
897:
890:Initial moves
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
798:dominions of
797:
793:
780:
777:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
759:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
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733:
730:
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723:
721:
718:
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713:
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703:
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688:
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664:
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640:
637:
626:
621:
619:
614:
612:
607:
606:
603:
593:
592:
586:
580:
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572:
570:
567:
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562:
560:
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547:
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540:
537:
536:
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528:
520:
515:
513:
508:
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500:
497:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
406:
403:
398:
388:
383:
381:
376:
374:
369:
368:
365:
354:
351:
349:
347:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
329:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
309:
307:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
285:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
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261:
258:
256:
253:
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233:
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224:
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217:
214:
212:
209:
204:
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197:
194:
192:
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187:
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183:
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177:
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168:
165:
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159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
133:
128:
118:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
97:
96:
91:
90:
88:
85:
84:
78:
75:
74:
70:
67:
66:
62:
58:
53:
48:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1542:Italian Wars
1492:
1485:
1467:
1445:
1430:
1415:
1414:Hall, Bert.
1408:
1393:
1375:
1357:
1339:
1324:
1308:
1303:
1295:
1290:
1282:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1252:
1247:
1239:
1234:
1226:
1221:
1213:
1208:
1200:
1195:
1187:
1182:
1142:
1089:
1056:
1042:
999:
982:Andrea Doria
970:Odet de Foix
966:
916:
907:Sack of Rome
893:
841:
791:
789:
667:
643:Italian Wars
590:
563:
527:Italian Wars
394:
345:
327:
283:
265:
203:Swiss Guards
196:Papal States
178:
170:Papal States
136:Pro-Habsburg
135:
130:Belligerents
44:Italian Wars
38:Part of the
1527:1529 in law
1522:1527 in law
1307:Blockmans,
1281:Blockmans,
1264:Blockmans,
1251:Blockmans,
1238:Blockmans,
1199:Blockmans,
919:landsknecht
852:Clement VII
464:Capo d'Orso
449:South Italy
424:North Italy
228:(1526–1528)
198:(1526–1529)
166:(1528–1530)
160:(1528–1530)
104:End of the
1511:Categories
1340:Louis XII.
1318:References
1298:, 443–444.
1216:, 372–375.
1021:See also:
951:last stand
830:, and the
1366:1040-5992
1294:Norwich,
1108:Marignano
1061:Barcelona
868:Francis I
862:from the
860:Charles V
800:Charles V
767:1808–1814
762:1793–1795
752:1718–1720
747:1688–1697
742:1683–1684
737:1673–1678
732:1667–1668
725:1648–1653
720:1641–1659
715:1640–1659
710:1635–1659
705:1628–1631
695:1595–1598
690:1580–1583
683:1551–1559
678:1542–1544
673:1536–1538
668:1526–1529
663:1521–1526
658:1512–1516
653:1502–1504
648:1495–1498
579:1551–1559
574:1542–1546
569:1536–1538
559:1521–1526
544:1499–1504
539:1494–1498
469:Landriano
444:Catanzaro
419:Governolo
255:Charles V
71:1526–1530
1452:, 1996.
1448:Oxford:
1137:Florence
1081:Burgundy
1069:Flanders
976:through
935:Piacenza
796:Habsburg
484:Gavinana
479:Monopoli
474:Florence
409:Camollia
76:Location
1096:Ravenna
1092:Bologna
1073:Tournai
1045:Cambrai
1009:at the
980:—where
900:Colonna
850:, Pope
846:in the
838:Prelude
346:†
328:†
284:†
266:†
1499:
1474:
1456:
1437:
1422:
1400:
1382:
1364:
1346:
1331:
1272:, 356.
1229:, 376.
1190:, 369.
1104:Apulia
1100:Cervia
1071:, and
1065:Artois
1003:Savona
986:Naples
943:sacked
923:tercio
876:Sforza
826:, the
822:, the
818:, the
554:Urbino
459:Aversa
454:Naples
342:
324:
280:
262:
172:(1530)
119:(1532)
108:(1530)
101:(1529)
86:Result
1311:, 64.
1285:, 67.
1255:, 63.
1242:, 61.
1203:, 60.
1175:Notes
1112:scudi
990:siege
978:Genoa
880:Milan
808:Spain
439:Malfi
434:Pavia
148:Spain
80:Italy
1497:ISBN
1472:ISBN
1454:ISBN
1435:ISBN
1420:ISBN
1398:ISBN
1380:ISBN
1362:ISSN
1344:ISBN
1329:ISBN
1143:The
1098:and
1077:Ă©cus
972:and
929:and
896:Lodi
806:and
790:The
779:1823
772:1815
700:1625
429:Rome
68:Date
42:and
878:of
115:by
1513::
1484:.
1466:.
1392:.
1374:.
1114:.
1067:,
992:.
953:.
866:.
834:.
814:,
1503:.
1478:.
1460:.
1441:.
1426:.
1404:.
1386:.
1368:.
1350:.
1335:.
624:e
617:t
610:v
518:e
511:t
504:v
386:e
379:t
372:v
181::
138::
20:)
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