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654:(SED), first titled chairman from 1946 to 1950, then as the First Secretary between 1950 and 1976 and finally titled General Secretary. The first article of the GDR's constitution contained a section granting the SED a monopoly on power, making the SED's leader the de facto leader of the country. He and the party
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By the late 1980s, the GDRs economy was in crisis, with the unsustainable debt burden rising every year to finance the country's generous welfare system. By summer 1989, an opposition movement had formed that the ruling class was unable to deal with. In addition, Honecker's health was failing and he
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and its chairman, sometimes colloquially called Prime
Minister. However, all the decisions were made by the party, with the cabinet implementing them. Indeed, the SED Central Committee had committees mirroring the cabinet departments.
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in late 1989, which saw the SED having to relinquish its monopoly on political power in favour of the
Council of Ministers, the National Defense Council and the State Council being abolished. The remaining institutions were the
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removed the section in the GDR's constitution guaranteeing their monopoly on political power on 1 December 1989, Modrow became the de facto leader of the GDR, Krenz resigning as head of state a few days later.
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On 5 April 1990, the State
Council was abolished and its responsibilities were transferred to the Presidium of the People's Chamber, with the President of the latter body serving as interim Head of state.
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removed the section of the East German
Constitution granting the SED a monopoly of power—thus ending Communist rule in East Germany. Before the month was out, the SED transformed from a
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became increasingly oblivious to the situation in the country. On 17 October 1989, Egon Krenz, Honecker's protégé and youngest
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and had unlimited authority over the State in time of war. The
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removed a section in the GDR's constitution guaranteeing their monopoly on political power on 1 December 1989, the
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643:(GDR), was proclaimed and took over governmental functions from the DWK, largely with the same leading figures.
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member, deposed
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Modrow, stressed his independence towards the SED's leadership upon his election by the
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The political leadership of East
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Until 1 December 1989, the most important position in the GDR was that of the
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in 1960, the office was replaced by a collective body as head of state, the
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on 25 July 1950, solidifying his leading role of both country and party.
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1. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on geographical definition.
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Standard of the chairman of the National Defence Council
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Prior to the proclamation of an East German state, the
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The political landscape was completely changed by the
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Leaders of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED)
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2. Recognised by at least one United Nations member.
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Generalsekretär/Erster Sekretär des Zentralkommitees
1474:(First Secretary of the Central Committee 1953–1976)
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elected him as Minister-President on 12 April 1990.
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700:, the legislature whose sessions were chaired by a
639:On 7 October 1949 an East German state, called the
76:"Lists of political office-holders in East Germany"
1230:. His replacement, former First Secretary of the
934:, Ulbricht was one of the leading figures in the
903:Ten Commandments of Socialist Morality and Ethics
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4327:3. Not recognised by any United Nations members.
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298:Constitutional Assembly
146:Politics of East Germany
4357:Leaders of East Germany
4103:Holy See (Vatican City)
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3613:East Germany portal
3257:East Germany portal
3089:List of German monarchs
2694:22 February 1969 †
1824:7 September 1960 †
946:, Ulbricht was elected
738:elections in March 1990
704:, and, since 1960, the
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3384:Sabine Bergmann-Pohl
3094:President of Germany
2858:Sabine Bergmann-Pohl
2202:Sabine Bergmann-Pohl
1959:Ebert Jr., Friedrich
1931:1 August 1973 †
1688:democratic socialist
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1321:Alliance for Germany
1303:German reunification
1294:Sabine Bergmann-Pohl
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3081:East Germany portal
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3171:External links
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3679:
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3671:and observers
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3337:State Council
3333:
3328:
3318:
3317:Wilhelm Pieck
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3291:
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2898:
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2878:
2875:
2873:180 days
2872:
2869:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2852:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2829:143 days
2828:
2825:
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2797:
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2709:
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2699:
2696:
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2683:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2641:
2632:
2629:
2623:
2611:
2608:
2606:173 days
2605:
2602:
2600:12 April 1990
2599:
2593:
2592:
2585:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2545:150 days
2544:
2542:12 April 1990
2541:
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2252:
2243:
2240:
2234:
2222:
2219:
2217:180 days
2216:
2213:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2165:
2162:
2160:120 days
2159:
2156:
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2147:
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2139:
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2128:
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2109:
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2065:
2059:
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2037:
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2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1978:1 August 1973
1977:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1943:
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1927:
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1845:
1839:
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1826:
1823:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1812:Wilhelm Pieck
1806:
1801:
1795:
1792:
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1788:
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1779:
1776:
1773:
1764:
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1509:
1508:
1501:
1496:
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1487:
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1481:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1455:22 April 1946
1454:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1411:22 April 1946
1410:
1404:
1403:
1402:Wilhelm Pieck
1396:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1361:
1352:
1349:
1343:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1310:
1309:Privatization
1305:
1304:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1271:12 April 1990
1270:
1267:
1257:
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1246:
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1238:
1233:
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1225:
1220:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:12 April 1990
1169:
1166:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1094:
1091:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
984:
983:
980:
972:
969:
959:
958:
953:
949:
945:
944:Wilhelm Pieck
941:
937:
933:
928:
922:
913:
904:
895:
886:
881:
880:
874:
870:
869:Wilhelm Pieck
867:
865:
861:
858:
852:
844:
840:
837:
833:
830:
828:
825:
822:
819:
817:
814:
813:
812:
809:
801:
798:
788:
787:
782:
775:
772:
767:Congress(es)
752:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
694:
691:
687:
682:
680:
679:head of state
676:
675:State Council
672:
671:Wilhelm Pieck
668:
664:
663:head of state
659:
657:
653:
649:
644:
642:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
618:
616:
607:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:
569:
564:
562:
557:
555:
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547:
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540:
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533:
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522:
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517:
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486:
483:
481:
478:
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468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
452:
449:(independent)
447:
442:
437:
436:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
409:
405:
400:
399:
387:
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341:
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318:
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289:
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281:
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271:
268:
267:
266:
263:
262:
259:
254:
253:
244:
241:
240:
239:
236:
232:
231:Head of State
229:
228:
224:
223:State Council
221:
216:
213:
209:
206:
205:
204:
201:
200:
197:
192:
191:
183:
180:
178:
175:
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165:
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161:
160:
156:
152:
151:
147:
143:
142:
139:
131:
128:
120:
117:November 2018
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
58:
52:
51:
47:
42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
4305:Transnistria
3975:Transnistria
3154:
3146:
3141:
3133:
3128:
3055:49 days
3038:
2994:
2950:
2867:5 April 1990
2856:
2826:5 April 1990
2812:
2768:
2724:
2680:
2589:
2528:
2526:Modrow, Hans
2484:
2482:Stoph, Willi
2440:
2396:
2394:Stoph, Willi
2352:
2291:
2211:5 April 1990
2200:
2157:5 April 1990
2143:
2116:43 days
2099:
2055:
2011:
2009:Stoph, Willi
1984:63 days
1972:
1961:
1917:
1865:
1854:
1810:
1771:
1760:
1677:
1650:
1610:49 days
1593:
1549:
1516:25 July 1950
1505:
1458:25 July 1950
1444:
1414:25 July 1950
1400:
1301:
1288:
1253:
1226:resigned as
1208:
1187:
1152:
1129:
1077:
1044:
1033:Willi Stoph
955:
877:
872:
803:25 July 1950
784:
726:
710:armed forces
695:
683:
660:
645:
638:
634:Heinrich Rau
619:
612:
582:East Germany
579:
577:
369:Referendums
169:Constitution
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
55:Please help
43:
26:
4243:Switzerland
4173:Netherlands
3913:Switzerland
3843:Netherlands
3549:Volkskammer
3487:Hans Modrow
3482:Willi Stoph
3472:Willi Stoph
3350:Willi Stoph
3045:(born 1937)
3036:Krenz, Egon
3001:(1912–1994)
2957:(1893–1973)
2922:Left office
2919:Took office
2863:(born 1946)
2819:(1931–2012)
2775:(1915–1990)
2735:12 May 1969
2731:(1923–2015)
2687:(1893–1969)
2639:Left office
2636:Took office
2596:(born 1940)
2535:(1928–2023)
2530:Hans Modrow
2491:(1914–1999)
2486:Willi Stoph
2447:(1915–1990)
2403:(1914–1999)
2398:Willi Stoph
2359:(1894–1964)
2298:(1894–1964)
2250:Left office
2247:Took office
2207:(born 1946)
2150:(1928–2011)
2106:(born 1937)
2097:Krenz, Egon
2062:(1912–1994)
2018:(1914–1999)
2013:Willi Stoph
1968:(1894–1979)
1924:(1893–1973)
1877:5 days
1861:(1893–1969)
1817:(1876–1960)
1783:4 days
1767:(1893–1969)
1719:Left office
1716:Took office
1657:(1893–1973)
1600:(born 1937)
1591:Krenz, Egon
1556:(1912–1994)
1512:(1893–1973)
1451:(1894–1964)
1407:(1876–1960)
1359:Left office
1356:Took office
1329:Volkskammer
1245:Volkskammer
1241:Volkskammer
1224:Willi Stoph
1210:Round Table
1159:(1928–2023)
1154:Hans Modrow
1125:Hans Modrow
1121:Willi Stoph
1041:Willi Stoph
1026:Willi Stoph
1017:(1976–1989)
962:(1912–1994)
864:Willi Stoph
855:(1960–1971)
847:(1960–1973)
791:(1893–1973)
698:Volkskammer
661:The formal
587:Volkskammer
446:East Berlin
290:Referendums
258:Legislature
226:(1960–1990)
218:(1949–1960)
4341:Categories
4208:San Marino
4168:Montenegro
4148:Luxembourg
4128:Kazakhstan
4028:Azerbaijan
3991:government
3878:San Marino
3838:Montenegro
3818:Luxembourg
3798:Kazakhstan
3698:Azerbaijan
3545:Presidents
3360:Egon Krenz
3239:Egon Krenz
3166:References
3149:until 1976
3136:until 1953
3040:Egon Krenz
3005:3 May 1971
2964:3 May 1971
2101:Egon Krenz
1661:3 May 1971
1595:Egon Krenz
1560:3 May 1971
1519:3 May 1971
1193:Egon Krenz
1079:Egon Krenz
974:3 May 1971
808:3 May 1971
776:President
757:(Lifespan)
740:. The GDR
578:These are
196:Leadership
87:newspapers
4143:Lithuania
3813:Lithuania
3309:President
2905:Portrait
2630:Portrait
2241:Portrait
1710:Portrait
1350:Portrait
1297:(interim)
1204:(interim)
1141:Politburo
1054:(1971–89)
924:(1968–70)
916:(1963–68)
907:(1958–76)
898:(1952–61)
889:(1950–54)
879:Stalinism
779:Policies
761:Portrait
718:Politburo
702:President
656:Politburo
495:Magdeburg
470:Frankfurt
287:Elections
265:President
215:President
44:does not
4274:Abkhazia
4223:Slovenia
4218:Slovakia
4193:Portugal
4048:Bulgaria
3989:Heads of
3944:Abkhazia
3893:Slovenia
3888:Slovakia
3863:Portugal
3718:Bulgaria
3661:of state
3067:See also
1684:Leninist
773:Premier
601:Overview
516:Schwerin
4253:Ukraine
4198:Romania
4158:Moldova
4118:Ireland
4113:Iceland
4108:Hungary
4093:Germany
4088:Georgia
4078:Finland
4073:Estonia
4068:Denmark
4053:Croatia
4038:Belgium
4033:Belarus
4023:Austria
4018:Armenia
4013:Andorra
4008:Albania
3923:Ukraine
3868:Romania
3828:Moldova
3788:Ireland
3783:Iceland
3778:Hungary
3763:Germany
3758:Georgia
3748:Finland
3743:Estonia
3738:Denmark
3723:Croatia
3708:Belgium
3703:Belarus
3693:Austria
3688:Armenia
3683:Andorra
3678:Albania
3551:of the
3547:of the
3428:of the
3299:of the
3215:of the
3132:Titled
1289:himself
1260:(1940–)
1188:himself
1130:himself
1084:(1937–)
1045:himself
873:himself
764:Period
688:by the
650:of the
622:Soviets
527:Leaders
511:Rostock
506:Potsdam
490:Leipzig
460:Dresden
455:Cottbus
101:scholar
65:removed
50:sources
4279:Kosovo
4248:Turkey
4238:Sweden
4213:Serbia
4188:Poland
4183:Norway
4163:Monaco
4133:Latvia
4098:Greece
4083:France
4058:Cyprus
3949:Kosovo
3918:Turkey
3908:Sweden
3883:Serbia
3858:Poland
3853:Norway
3833:Monaco
3803:Latvia
3768:Greece
3753:France
3728:Cyprus
2928:Party
2645:Party
2256:Party
1973:Acting
1866:Acting
1772:Acting
1725:Party
1365:Party
742:joined
648:Leader
465:Erfurt
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
4233:Spain
4153:Malta
4123:Italy
3903:Spain
3823:Malta
3793:Italy
3659:Heads
3219:(SED)
3120:Notes
480:Halle
108:JSTOR
94:books
2701:LDPD
2633:Name
2244:Name
2164:LDPD
1881:LDPD
1787:LDPD
1713:Name
1353:Name
1315:The
1002:11th
997:10th
754:Name
744:the
716:and
684:The
521:Suhl
475:Gera
386:1968
381:1954
376:1951
360:1990
355:1986
350:1981
345:1976
340:1971
335:1967
330:1963
325:1958
320:1954
315:1950
302:1949
182:1968
177:1949
80:news
48:any
46:cite
3059:SED
3015:SED
2971:SED
2901:No.
2877:CDU
2833:DBD
2789:SED
2745:CDU
2626:No.
2610:CDU
2553:PDS
2549:SED
2505:SED
2467:(2)
2461:SED
2417:SED
2373:SED
2316:SED
2237:No.
2221:CDU
2120:SED
2076:SED
2032:SED
1988:SED
1938:SED
1831:SED
1706:No.
1671:SED
1614:SED
1570:SED
1526:SED
1465:SED
1421:SED
1346:No.
1235:in
992:9th
987:8th
832:7th
827:6th
823:5th
820:4th
816:3rd
59:by
4343::
1307:•
1280:—
1214:•
1179:—
1104:—
1049:•
919:•
910:•
901:•
892:•
883:•
724:.
636:.
3645:e
3638:t
3631:v
3537:e
3530:t
3523:v
3418:e
3411:t
3404:v
3289:e
3282:t
3275:v
3205:e
3198:t
3191:v
3021:3
2977:2
2933:1
2839:5
2795:4
2751:3
2707:2
2663:1
2572:5
2511:4
2423:3
2379:2
2335:1
2274:1
2183:–
2126:5
2082:4
2038:3
1994:2
1944:–
1900:1
1837:–
1793:1
1743:–
1633:1
1576:3
1532:2
1488:1
1427:.
1383:.
1273:↓
1173:↓
1098:↓
976:↓
805:↓
567:e
560:t
553:v
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
67:.
53:.
20:)
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