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questions about why some men slander women, helping
Christine to prepare the ground on which the city will be built. She tells Christine to "take the spade of intelligence and dig deep to make a trench all around ⊠help to carry away the hods of earth on shoulders." These "hods of earth" are the past beliefs Christine has held. Christine, in the beginning of the text, believed that women must truly be bad because she "could scarcely find a moral work by any author which didn't devote some chapter or paragraph to attacking the female sex. had to accept unfavourable opinion of women since it was unlikely that so many learned men, who seemed to be endowed with such great intelligence and insight into all things, could possibly have lied on so many different occasions." Christine is not using reason to discover the merits of women. She believes all that she reads instead of putting her mind to listing all the great deeds women have accomplished. To help Christine see reason, Lady Reason comes and teaches Christine. She helps Christine dispel her own self-consciousness and the negative thoughts of past writers. By creating Lady Reason, Christine not only teaches her own allegorical self, but also her readers. She gives not only herself reason, but also gives readers, and women, reason to believe that women are not evil or useless creatures but instead have a significant place within society.
396:
Christian ladies" who possessed the gift of prophecy, chastity, or devotion to their families and others. Christine and Lady
Rectitude also discuss the institution of marriage, addressing Christine's questions regarding men's claims about the bad qualities women bring to marriage. Lady Rectitude corrects these misconceptions with examples of women who loved their husbands and acted virtuously, noting that those women who are evil toward their husbands are "like creatures who go totally against their nature". Lady Rectitude also refutes allegations that women are unchaste, inconstant, unfaithful, and mean by nature through her stories. This part ends with Christine addressing women and asking them to pray for her as she continues her work with Lady Justice to complete the city.
1087:. In the tale of Rhea Ilia, Boccaccio advocates for the right of young women to choose a secular or religious life. He states that it is harmful to place young girls into convents while they are "ignorant or too young or under coercion". Boccaccio states that girls should be "well brought up from childhood in their father's home and taught honesty and virtuous behavior. Then when they are grown and know full well what they are doing" they can choose the life of monasticism. Boccaccio believes that young girls need to be taught about life and virtues before they are consecrated to God.
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and the three female
Virtues which are sent to aid Christine build the city. These Virtues â Reason, Rectitude, and Justice â help Christine build the foundations and houses of the city, as well as pick the women who will reside in the city of ladies. Each woman chosen by the Virtues to live in the city acts as a positive example for other women to follow. These women are also examples of the positive influences women have had on society.
170:, a work from the thirteenth century that addresses marriage and argues that women make men's lives miserable. Upon reading these words, Christine becomes upset and feels ashamed to be a woman: "This thought inspired such a great sense of disgust and sadness in me that I began to despise myself and the whole of my sex as an aberration in nature". The
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stepping stone for
Christine's belief in female education. Boccaccio's outlook was however, according to Margaret King and Albert Rabil, "misogynist, for it singled out for praise those women who possessed the traditional virtues of chastity, silence, and obedience. Women who were active in the public realm
110:
city of ladies. She defends women by collecting a wide array of famous women throughout history. These women are "housed" in the City of Ladies, which is actually the book. As Pizan builds her city, she uses each famous woman as a building block for not only the walls and houses of the city, but also
395:
In Part II, Lady
Rectitude says she will help Christine "construct the houses and buildings inside the walls of the City of Ladies" and fill it with inhabitants who are "valiant ladies of great renown". As they build, Lady Rectitude informs Christine with examples and "stories of pagan, Hebrew, and
174:
then appear to
Christine, and each lady tells Christine what her role will be in helping her build the City of Ladies. Lady Reason, a virtue developed by Christine for the purpose of her book, is the first to join Christine and helps her build the external walls of the city. She answers Christine's
1119:
is an allegorical society in which the word "lady" is defined as a woman of noble spirit, instead of noble birth. The book, and therefore the city, contains women of past eras, ranging from pagans to ancient Jews to medieval
Christian saints. The book includes discussion between Christine de Pizan
1090:
While he does not say women should have a formal education, he is still advocating for women to have a say in their lives and the right to be well informed about their possible futures. Therefore, Boccaccio's belief in educating young girls about secular and religious life could have acted as a
95:
believed to have been finished by 1405. Perhaps Pizan's most famous literary work, it is her second work of lengthy prose. Pizan uses the vernacular French language to compose the book, but she often uses Latin-style syntax and conventions within her French prose. The book serves as her formal
864:
In Part III, Lady
Justice joins with Christine to "add the finishing touches" to the city, including bringing a queen to rule the city. Lady Justice tells Christine of female saints who were praised for their martyrdom. At the close of this part, Christine makes another address to all women
869:). She also warns the women against the lies of slanderers, saying, "Drive back these treacherous liars who use nothing but tricks and honeyed words to steal from you that which you should keep safe above all else: your chastity and your glorious good name".
1123:
Christine asks the virtues if women should be taught as men are and why some men think women should not be educated. Other questions that are explored are: the criminality of rape, the natural affinity in women to learn, and their talent for government.
136:. This aims to educate women of all estates, the latter telling women who have husbands: "If she wants to act prudently and have the praise of both the world and her husband, she will be cheerful to him all the time". Her
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King, Margaret, and Albert Rabil. Introduction. "Dialogue on the
Infinity of Love." Tullia d'Aragona. 1547. Trans. Rinaldina Russell and Bruce Merry. Chicago: The University of Chicago, 1997. Print.
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King, Margaret, and Albert Rabil. Introduction. "Dialogue on the
Infinity of Love." Tullia d'Aragona. 1547. Trans. Rinaldina Russell and Bruce Merry. Chicago: The University of Chicago, 1997.
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as building blocks for her thesis. Each woman introduced to the city adds to Pizan's argument towards women as valued participants in society. She also advocates in favour of
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announcing the completion of the City of Ladies. She beseeches them to defend and protect the city and to follow their queen (the
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Boccaccio's text is mainly used for Parts I and II of the book, while Part III is more reliant upon Jean de Vignay's
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1066:. This text was a biographical treatise on ancient famous women. Christine also cited from Boccaccio's
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Several female saints who were forced to watch their children being martyred: blessed Felicia, blessed
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1201:. Trans. by Charity Cannon Willard, ed. by Madeleine Pelner Cosman. Tenafly: Bard Hall Press, 1989.
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1236:. Ed. Marilynn Desmond. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P: 1998. 91-107. Print. Medieval Cultures 14.
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by Christine Pizan. 1405. Trans. Rosalind Brown-Grant. London: Penguin, 1999. xvi-xxxv. Print.
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by Christine Pizan. 1405. Trans. Rosalind Brown-Grant. London: Penguin, 1999. xvi-xxxv. Print.
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Fenster, Thelma. "âPerdre son latinâ: Christine de Pizan and Vernacular Humanism."
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1299:"The Miroir des dames, the Chapelet des vertus, and Christine de Pizan's Sources"
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1076:. The tales of Ghismonda and Lisabetta, for example, are cited from Boccaccio's
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1287:. Burlington: Ashgate: 2002. Print. Women and Gender in the Early Mod. World.
1243:. Burlington: Ashgate: 2002. Print. Women and Gender in the Early Mod. World.
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1102:(1333). This text is the French translation of the historical portions of
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The Concept of Woman. Volume 2: The Early Humanist Reformation, 1250-1500
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Ed. by Virginia Brown. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001. Print.
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Politics, gender, and genre: the political thought of Christine de Pizan
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The Selected Writings of Christine De Pizan: New Translations, Criticism
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A Medieval woman's mirror of honor: the treasury of the city of ladies
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Several ladies who served the Apostles: Drusiana, Susanna, Maximilla,
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The allegory of female authority: Christine de Pizan's Cité des dames
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Sex and gender in medieval and Renaissance texts: the Latin tradition
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1108:, an encyclopedia by Vincent of Beauvais that was begun after 1240.
1194:. Ed. by Virginia Brown. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001.
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1419:. 1405. Trans. Rosalind Brown-Grant. London: Penguin, 1999. Print.
1187:. 1405. Trans. Rosalind Brown-Grant. London: Penguin, 1999. Print.
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106:. Pizan combats Meun's statements about women by creating an
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Miller, Paul Allen, Platter, Charles, and Gold, Barbara K.
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Boccaccio's influence can be seen in Christine's stance on
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Lacedaemonian women who saved their husbands from execution
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Cultural depictions of Sempronia (wife of Decimus Brutus)
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The following 37 women are discussed in Part III of the
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De mulieribus claris. English & Latin. Famous women
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The following 92 women are discussed in Part II of the
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The following 36 women are discussed in Part I of the
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1260:. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997.
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Christine de Pizan and the Categories of Difference
1359:
144:are her two best-known works, along with the poem
1303:The Intellectual Dynamism of the High Middle Ages
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1305:. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 279â296.
1211:Blumenfeld-Kosinski, Renate and Kevin Brownlee.
918:Saint Lucy (different than the Saint Lucy above)
126:Le tresor de la cité des dames de degré en degré
1250:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
1248:Gender and genre in medieval French literature
1461:
1584:Cultural depictions of Mary, mother of Jesus
1048:Christine's main source for information was
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1348:Cantor, Norman. The Medieval Reader. p. 230
1215:. New York, Norton Critical Editions, 1997.
1594:Cultural depictions of Agrippina the Elder
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1267:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991.
163:Part I opens with Christine reading from
118:Christine de Pizan also finished by 1405
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838:Margaret of Burgundy, Duchess of Bavaria
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1285:The Political Theory of Christine Pizan
132:), a manual of education, dedicated to
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1609:Cultural depictions of Claudia Octavia
1516:
1422:
1395:*Brown-Grant, Rosalind. Introduction.
1362:Christine de Pizan: Her Life and Works
1241:The Political Theory of Chrisine Pizan
823:Valentina Visconti, Duchess of Orléans
535:Sulpicia (wife of Lentulus Cruscellio)
1619:Cultural depictions of Mary Magdalene
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1225:Brown-Grant, Rosalind. Introduction.
848:Marie of Savoy, Countess of Saint-Pol
1579:Cultural depictions of Helen of Troy
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1062:), possibly in the French version,
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1559:Biographical dictionaries of women
1366:. New York: Persea Books. p.
1160:Le Livre de la mutation de fortune
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121:The Treasure of the City of Ladies
25:
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548:Curia (wife of Quintus Lucretius)
515:Julia (daughter of Julius Caesar)
1222:. Boulder: Westview Press, 1992.
223:Marie of Blois, Duchess of Anjou
1604:Cultural depictions of Tanaquil
31:The Book of the City of Ladies
27:1405 book by Christine de Pizan
1634:Cultural depictions of Zenobia
1505:The Boke Of The Cyte Of Ladyes
1496:The Boke Of The Cyte Of Ladyes
1417:The Book of the City of Ladies
1397:The Book of the City of Ladies
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1227:The Book of the City of Ladies
1185:The Book of the City of Ladies
1134:Biographies of Exemplary Women
1117:The Book of the City of Ladies
892:The Virgin Mary's sisters and
809:Marguerite, Dame de la Riviere
462:Theodora (wife of Justinian I)
82:The Book of the City of Ladies
44:The Book of the City of Ladies
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1574:Cultural depictions of Esther
1569:Cultural depictions of Judith
1564:Cultural depictions of Sappho
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134:Princess Margaret of Burgundy
130:The Book of the Three Virtues
88:Le Livre de la Cité des Dames
18:Le Livre de la Cité des Dames
1358:Willard, Charity C. (1984).
589:The Rape of the Sabine Women
366:Gaia Cirilla (also known as
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1589:Cultural depictions of Dido
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1064:Des Cleres et Nobles Femmes
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713:Wife of Bernabo the Genovan
432:Elizabeth (biblical figure)
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1534:Medieval French literature
1509:Early English Books Online
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987:Saint Christina of Bolsena
879:Book of the City of Ladies
833:Marie, Duchess of Auvergne
406:Book of the City of Ladies
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267:Lilia, mother of Theodoric
185:Book of the City of Ladies
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1492:, Boston College Magazine
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1529:French non-fiction books
1334:Allen, Prudence (2006).
1145:The Legend of Good Women
1072:in the latter stages of
1002:Euphrosyne of Alexandria
805:Busa of Canosa di Puglia
623:Susanna (Book of Daniel)
900:Catherine of Alexandria
91:, is a book written by
1415:*De Pizan, Christine.
1283:Forhan, Kate Langdon.
1239:Forhan, Kate Langdon.
704:Brunhilda of Austrasia
638:Ruth (biblical figure)
291:Faltonia Betitia Proba
147:Ditie de Jehanne D'Arc
1454:Boccaccio, Giovanni.
1297:Green, Karen (2022).
1190:Boccaccio, Giovanni.
1183:De Pizan, Christine.
1044:Boccaccio's influence
568:Mary, mother of Jesus
276:Laodice of Cappadocia
263:Artemisia II of Caria
247:, Synoppe, Lampheto,
1263:Quilligan, Maureen.
1153:De Mulieribus Claris
1055:De mulieribus claris
1037:Julian and Basilissa
1014:Natalia of Nicomedia
745:Lisabetta of Messina
742:Ghismonda of Salerno
500:Artemisia I of Caria
1338:. pp. 610â658.
1218:Brabant, Margaret.
931:Cyprian and Justina
906:Margaret of Antioch
828:Margaret of Bavaria
671:Hippo (Greek woman)
510:Agrippina the Elder
485:Griselda (folklore)
476:the virgin Claudine
452:Basina of Thuringia
437:Anna the Prophetess
113:education for women
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1549:Giovanni Boccaccio
1488:2014-05-17 at the
1483:"An Educated Lady"
1439:2014-05-14 at the
1197:Pizan, Christine.
1074:The City of Ladies
1050:Giovanni Boccaccio
1029:Helena of Adiabene
956:Blessed Theodosina
843:Isabella of Valois
813:Isabeau of Bavaria
800:Blanche of Castile
770:Europa (mythology)
613:Hortensia (orator)
208:Blanche of Castile
93:Christine de Pizan
55:Christine de Pizan
42:Illustration from
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1654:Ceres (mythology)
1434:Table of Contents
1206:Secondary sources
1100:Miroir historical
1006:Blessed Anastasia
253:Orithyia (Amazon)
218:Blanche of France
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982:Agatha of Sicily
915:Blessed Martina.
818:Joan of Armagnac
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738:Hero and Leander
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1456:Famous women.
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748:Dame de Fayel
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480:Roman Charity
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422:Cumaean Sibyl
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172:three Virtues
169:
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128:, also known
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1166:Brian Anslay
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925:Saint Fausta
878:
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405:
403:
394:
184:
182:
168:Lamentations
167:
162:
145:
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137:
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125:
119:
117:
101:
98:Jean de Meun
96:response to
87:
86:
81:
80:
79:
43:
1156:(Boccaccio)
938:Saint Macra
886:The Virgin
867:Virgin Mary
563:Stateira II
490:Hypsicratea
245:Penthesilea
165:Matheolus's
108:allegorical
100:'s popular
1524:1405 books
1518:Categories
1272:References
1019:Saint Afra
941:Saint Fida
911:Saint Lucy
648:Mariamne I
558:Andromache
286:Cornificia
74:circa 1405
1629:Hippolyta
1624:Semiramis
1148:(Chaucer)
1138:Liu Xiang
1078:Decameron
1069:Decameron
1035:, Saints
1033:Plautilla
608:Genevieve
525:Xanthippe
472:Hypsipyle
467:Dripetrua
447:Cassandra
357:Sempronia
241:Hippolyta
228:Semiramis
203:Fredegund
1544:Allegory
1486:Archived
1437:Archived
1140:, 18 BC)
1128:See also
1031:, Saint
952:Euphemia
946:Marciana
944:Blessed
860:Part III
790:Polyxena
760:Deianira
736:Hero of
694:Athaliah
679:Verginia
666:Chiomara
661:Lucretia
657:Sulpitia
643:Penelope
599:Clotilde
457:Carmenta
368:Tanaquil
345:Thamaris
341:Pamphile
316:Carmenta
249:Marpesia
237:Thamiris
142:Treasure
61:Language
1669:Jezebel
1649:Minerva
1173:Sources
993:Julitta
929:Saints
775:Jocasta
699:Jezebel
633:Rebecca
603:Catulla
594:Veturia
495:Triaria
427:Deborah
391:Part II
384:Lavinia
336:Arachne
321:Minerva
281:Cloelia
271:Camilla
258:Zenobia
233:Amazons
154:Summary
1374:
1317:
1112:Themes
1093:
1012:Saint
980:Saint
974:Saint
950:Saint
904:Saint
898:Saint
780:Medusa
755:Iseult
732:Thisbe
717:Leaena
606:Saint
584:Esther
573:Bithia
414:Sibyls
296:Sappho
159:Part I
64:French
51:Author
1644:Circe
1639:Medea
727:Medea
628:Sarah
505:Argea
348:Irene
326:Ceres
311:Circe
306:Medea
301:Manto
85:, or
1659:Isis
1372:ISBN
1315:ISBN
888:Mary
722:Dido
374:Dido
352:Iaia
331:Isis
140:and
138:Book
1507:on
1368:135
1307:doi
1052:'s
379:Ops
1520::
1463:^
1447:^
1424:^
1404:^
1386:^
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251:,
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115:.
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1323:.
1309::
1136:(
1058:(
370:)
124:(
20:)
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