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Creek reported the loss of over sixty-five hogs, forty-nine cattle, and forty-eight horses. Apple Creek chief, Wapapilethe, upon returning from the winter hunt, found his house had been broken open and everything inside had been stolen. Wapapilethe personally knew a white man who had illegally settled on this property and robbed both him and other
Shawnees, but could legally do nothing as Indians were barred from testifying against whites in court. The Apple Creek Shawnees, being legally powerless to stop the harassment and thefts, complained that "the whites do not steal these things merely for their value, but more to make us abandon our land and take if for themselves." In another case a Shawnee man had been beaten by a white who then confiscated his land and property. Despite the overwhelming evidence and protests from both the Shawnees and
40:
291:
Apparently, the commandments assumed that it was their right to approve locations on unoccupied land, and they could have interpreted the miles of hunting land around the villages as unoccupied in the sense that other land in the district used by
Americans for hunting was considered unoccupied. Instructions to award only land not in conflict with other concessions, which were so rigorously adhered to everywhere else, apparently did not hold for the Indian tract. By the end of the Spanish period, the tract contained approximately one hundred whites living on dispersed farms, most on the fringes of the tract.
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311:, known to the Whites as "the Shawnee prophet," began to preach a new doctrine which exhorted the Indians to return to the communal life of their ancestors, abandoning all customs derived from the Whites. He attracted a large following among Indians who had already suffered major epidemics and dispossession of their lands. In 1805, TenskwĂĄtawa led a religious revival following a series of witch-hunts following an outbreak of smallpox among the Shawnee.
215:, who had fought on the side of the British against the Americans during the American Revolution, had also found his situation precarious and decided to settle in Upper Louisiana. Lorimier had operated an Indian trading post in Ohio, and his close association with the Shawnee, enabled him to encourage a number of them to settle in Upper Louisiana. In 1787, Lorimier introduced a plan to bring the disposed Shawnee and Delaware to the Spanish territory.
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Shawnee said that
Spanish Illinois (Upper Louisiana) was not a tranquil place due to the Osages, and they threatened to return to the United States. The Shawnee were particularly disturbed that the Spanish expected them to fight the Osages, while at the same time, the Spanish continued to trade and bestow gifts on the Osages, but offered no aid to the Shawnee and Delaware when they were attacked by the Osages.
391:. Problems arose, however, when the very traditional Black Bob's band balked at uniting with the Ohio Shawnee. Instead of moving to Kansas after the treaty, they went south and settled in Arkansas. During the next two years, all efforts (including bribery) failed to persuade them to move. After threat of military force, they settled at Olathe in 1833.
379:, exchanging their lands along Apple Creek, near Cape Girardeau, for 2,500 square miles in eastern Kansas. They also received $ 14,000 in moving expenses plus $ 11,000 to pay debts owed to white traders. Further provision was made to allow any of the 800 Ohio Shawnee who so desired to join them in Kansas. When they settled on the south side of the
203:, another tribe to the south, as well as forming a bulwark against the possibility of American invasion. The Shawnee and Delaware, having been driven from their homelands in the Ohio Valley in Pennsylvania, settled in present-day Ohio and Indiana. Then in the 1780s they found themselves in a situation for having supported the British in the
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The tribes were accustomed to acting together in important matters, but they established separate villages. The largest
Shawnee village, le Grand Village Sauvage, contained about 400 inhabitants, and was built on the top of a hill above Apple Creek, to the west of the present site of Old Appleton.
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The
Shawnee and Delaware on Apple Creek had a significant degree of racial mixing and had adopted French and American ways. The racial mixing included half whites of both French and American parentage, and whites, probably orphans and captives from warfare, who had been raised as Indians according
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The New
Bourbon census of 1797 reported 70 Shawnee and 120 Delaware families in villages on the north side of Apple Creek in the New Bourbon Administrative district. Possibly as many families lived in the villages south of Apple Creek. Le Grand Village Sauvage had approximately 400 inhabitants. A
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These witch-hunts eventually reached the
Shawnee in Upper Louisiana, and about 1808â1809, the Native American communities along Apple Creek became possessed with the belief that witchcraft was practiced among them and consequently burned to death some 50 women within 12 months. The charges against
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The
Shawnee and Delaware protested these incursions, but there was little they could do, as they had little influence with authorities beyond Lorimier. The first whites within the tract apparently did not disturb them, and some even served them as useful gunsmiths while other craftsmen traded with
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The
Shawnee and Delaware were attentive to dress, and the women wore their hair tied close to their heads and covered with skin. They were more careful of their children, more than associated with other Indians. They also cut the cartilages of their ears so as to lengthen them as much as possible,
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Even under protest the
Shawnee and Delaware fulfilled the purposes for which the Spanish invited their immigration. They were effective turning away the Osage and were used for the same purpose by the Americans as a buffer between the Osage and Cherokee years later in Oklahoma. From early on, the
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In the treaty made at St. Louis in 1815, the American government ordered all whites to move from the Shawnee and Delaware lands. This measure, however, was only of temporary relief. Between 1815 and 1819, the Shawnee population in southeastern Missouri plummeted from 1,200 to only 400. Only ten
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Despite the fact that the Spanish government, and later the American government, granted the Indians title to their lands, and had ordered all whites to move from their lands, a number of the Shawnee and Delaware slowly moved west before the advance of the whites, establishing communities further
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Between 1811 and 1814 trouble began grow with white settlement. Missouri's white population more than doubled between 1804 and 1814 as many white settlers crossed the Mississippi, leading to increasing harassment of the villages along Apple Creek. Between 1811 and 1814, the Shawnees along Apple
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By 1804, the land had become too settled to afford sufficient game. Although the Shawnee and Delaware interpreted the entire grant as being exclusively theirs and excluding Americans, district commandants awarded concessions to white settlers within and as close as three miles to the villages.
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style, with horizontal squared logs, some two stories high and shingled. There were granaries and barns for cattle and horses. Villages gave the appearance of permanence. Cultivated fields of corn, barley, pumpkins, melons, and potatoes, enclosed by rail fences, surrounded the villages. The
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and suspended silver trinkets in the form of stars from their ears. On their necks they wore crosses, and on their heads they wore bands and crowns covered with spangles. They used great quantities of vermilion and black, with which they painted their bodies on festive days.
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rivers. Subsequently, the Spanish government authorized Lorimier to induce them to make a settlement in the Spanish territory. The task was made easier on account of Shawnee and Delaware hatred of the Americans, who had conquered them through the victory of
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Missouri entered the union as the 24th state in 1821, and the federal government, in 1825, moved to extinguish any remaining Shawnee claims under the Spanish land grant. In November the 1,400 Shawnee in Missouri agreed to a treaty signed at St. Louis with
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the women were usually based upon the report of someone who claimed he had seen the alleged witch in the form of an owl or some other bird, or in the form of a panther or beast of the forest. The frenzy was suddenly quelled by the appearance of
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A trace, or small road, called the Shawnee Trace, extended from Don Louis Lorimier's trading post in Cape Girardeau to Le Grand Village Sauvage and continued north to La Saline, Ste. Genevieve and St. Louis. This trace was part of the
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http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/louis-houck/a-history-of-missouri-from-the-earliest-explorations-and-settlements-until-the-a-cuo/page-27-a-history-of-missouri-from-the-earliest-explorations-and-settlements-until-the-a-cuo.shtml
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Tecumseh and the Shawnee prophet. including sketches of George Rogers Clark, Simon Kenton, William Henry Harrison, Cornstalk, Blackhoof, Bluejacket, the Shawnee Logan, and others famous in the frontier wars of TecumsehsÌ time
279:. The tract was large enough to support several Indian villages with surrounding hunting territory, although these semi-Americanized Indians were more dependent on field crops and domesticated animals than wild game.
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to the Shawnee practice of adopting their captives. It was noted at the time by Spanish officials that the Apple Creek villages certainly had as much âwhite bloodâ in them as French villages had âIndian blood.â
424:(post-on-a-sill) style, with perpendicular log posts set closely together in the ground or on a sill, and with clay chinked in-between filling the interstices. Other houses were built in the American
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years after the signing of the Treaty of St. Louis the encroachment of white settlers had compelled these tribes to sell their Spanish grant and leave the State for a home farther west. Shawnee Tribe
287:(Le Chemin du Roi) connecting several administrative posts of Upper Louisiana, and the Indian villages experienced a considerable amount of through them by officials and outsiders.
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The Spanish authorities encouraged Shawnee and Delaware immigration, and had hoped their settlement would act as a buffer against the unremitting raids and thefts by the
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The Shawnee usually called their villages Chillicothe or Chilliticaux, meaning 'a place of residence.' They named their largest town along Apple Creek
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271:. The concession granted them by the Spanish contained approximately 750 square miles, which included extensive prairies and woodland,
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combined population of 3,000 Shawnee and Delaware were estimated to live in these communities between Cinque Hommes and Flora creeks.
719:"Hand-book of Missouri: Embracing Exhibits of the Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial ... Interests of the State ... (Google eBook)"
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539:"A History of Missouri from the earliest explorations and settlements until the administration of the state into the union (vol. 1)"
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104:: the big savage village), also called Chalacasa, was a Native American village located near
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Opening the Ozarks: A Historical Geography of Missouri's Ste. Genevieve District, 1760-1830
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Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of Missouri (1941).
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Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of Missouri (1941).
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The settlements of the Shawnee and the Delaware were principally made between
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1168:âĄThis populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
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155:(the big savage village) while the Americans referred to Chalacasa as
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https://archive.org/stream/cu31924098139904/cu31924098139904_djvu.txt
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Shawnee and Delaware had barnyard fowl, cattle, hogs, and horses.
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the following year, the Shawnee became the first of the eastern
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authorized Don Louis Lorimier to establish these tribes in the
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http://shs.umsystem.edu/manuscripts/ramsay/ramsay_perry.html
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and Flora Creeks above Cape Girardeau, and centered around
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In the 18th century, American settlement had forced many
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Some houses were log constructed in the vertical French
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A History of Missouri from the earliest explorations
673:, Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
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district of the province of Upper Louisiana, on the
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690:The Illiniwek and Shawnee of Southern Illinois
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630:Missouri: The WPA Guide to the "Show Me" State
151:in Ohio. The French referred to Chalacasa as
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180:tribes westward. The Spanish authorities in
1210:Abandoned villages in Perry County, Missouri
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16:Abandoned village in Missouri, United States
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671:The Shawnees and Their Neighbors 1795-1870
1220:1793 establishments in the Spanish Empire
858:Map of Missouri highlighting Perry County
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576:Missouri A Guide to the "Show Me" State
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506:Missouri: A Guide to the Show Me State
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717:Missouri Immigration Society (1880).
449:State Historical Society of Missouri
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792:Municipalities and communities of
44:Location of Perry County, Missouri
23:Le Grand Village Sauvage, Missouri
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503:Federal Writersâ Project (1941).
479:. University of Missouri Press.
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307:A Shawnee medicine man named,
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147:, after their old town on the
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119:The village was inhabited by
471:Walter A. Schroeder (2002).
205:American War of Independence
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603:Forgotten Tales of Missouri
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418:(posts-in-the-ground) or
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1130:Le Grand Village Sauvage
356:"The Shawnee in History"
153:Le Grand Village Sauvage
98:Le Grand Village Sauvage
1225:Poteaux-sur-sol framing
161:The Big Shawnee Village
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795:Perry County, Missouri
734:Cite journal requires
554:Cite journal requires
336:Emigration and Removal
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341:west in Missouri, in
323:American Encroachment
269:Cape Girardeau County
1186:United States portal
600:Mary Barile (2012).
537:Louis Houck (1908).
387:tribes to settle in
245:Treaty of Greenville
211:, a French-Canadian
184:, also known as the
1155:Tucker's Settlement
220:Baron de Carondelet
1115:Fenwick Settlement
1102:Abandoned villages
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102:French translation
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693:"Museum homepage"
679:978-0-252-02995-0
486:978-0-8262-6306-3
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106:Old Appleton
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1150:Starlanding
1145:Seventy-Six
1077:Silver Lake
1031:Friedenberg
986:Apple Creek
973:communities
961:Shakertowne
810:County seat
309:TenskwĂĄtawa
303:Witch-Hunts
275:plains and
261:Apple Creek
228:Mississippi
224:New Bourbon
172:Immigration
1204:Categories
1087:Wittenberg
1006:Claryville
913:St. Mary's
893:Bois Brule
845:Perryville
817:Perryville
703:2013-08-25
437:References
395:Population
366:2009-02-07
349:counties.
285:Royal Road
263:bordering
251:Settlement
1164:Footnotes
1135:Pointrest
1082:Uniontown
1016:Crosstown
885:Townships
835:Altenburg
426:log cabin
385:Algonquin
218:In 1793,
145:Chalacasa
1051:Millheim
1036:Highland
996:Belgique
875:Longtown
343:Stoddard
317:Tecumseh
247:(1795).
243:and the
236:Arkansas
232:Missouri
114:Missouri
85:Township
66:Missouri
1140:Seelitz
1125:Giboney
1110:Dresden
1062:Schalls
1041:McBride
1011:Corners
1001:Brazeau
956:Lithium
903:Central
898:Brazeau
867:Village
167:History
133:Indiana
121:Shawnee
51:Country
1072:Sereno
1046:Menfro
1026:Farrar
1021:Eureka
951:Brewer
946:Biehle
923:Saline
840:Frohna
827:Cities
677:
637:
610:
583:
513:
483:
389:Kansas
347:Greene
295:them.
73:County
1092:Yount
991:Barks
971:Other
928:Union
918:Salem
273:karst
213:MĂ©tis
201:Osage
90:Union
78:Perry
61:State
938:CDPs
740:help
675:ISBN
635:ISBN
608:ISBN
581:ISBN
560:help
511:ISBN
481:ISBN
345:and
267:and
234:and
192:and
139:Name
131:and
129:Ohio
123:and
159:or
108:in
1206::
813::
798:,
731::
729:}}
725:{{
662:^
633:.
606:.
579:.
551::
549:}}
545:{{
525:^
509:.
495:^
457:^
196:.
163:.
135:.
112:,
1058:âĄ
785:e
778:t
771:v
742:)
738:(
721:.
706:.
681:.
643:.
616:.
589:.
562:)
558:(
541:.
519:.
489:.
369:.
100:(
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