938:, recent law graduates and young lawyers can apply for a position as a "Court Attorney" to a Justice. This position basically corresponds to what is called a "law clerk" at the Supreme Court of the United States. Each of the 15 Supreme Court justices has 5 to 10 court attorneys at any given time. Court attorneys at the Supreme Court of the Philippines are co-terminus with their justices. Some stay for one year or less, others stay for as long as their respective justice serves the Court. Previous court attorneys have become notable Justices themselves e.g. Justice Vicente V. Mendoza, Justice Antonio Abad etc. or have gone to hold important positions in the court such as Court Administrators or Deputy Court Administrators. Many of them have gone on to successful legal practice, in business, or in the academe. The position is an extremely difficult one to get accepted to because aside from the competence requirement, there is also the character requirement that differs from one Justice to another. The position is basically a confidential one and the lawyer must enjoy the Justice's trust. Each justice has his or her own method for interviewing and appointing court attorneys.
42:
601:
shortlists candidates. The shortlisted candidates are interviewed by an esteemed panel of sitting
Supreme Court Justices in the first week of June. The final merit list is prepared and the selected candidates are offered positions to work under the sitting judges of the Supreme Court starting from the month of July. The eligible candidates receive offers throughout the year as and when the vacancies are created in the Chambers of Justices. Usually, two law clerks are assigned to each judge for one year, though some justices are known to sometimes engage either one or more than two law clerks at a time. Though most of the law clerks usually begin their one-year service period in July each year, soon after the completion of the LL.B. degree, though there have been instances of law clerks serving after having accumulated some work experience.
1574:
judges post upcoming vacancies (although not all federal judges use this system). The
National Federal Judges Law Clerk Hiring Plan sets dates for when federal judges may receive applications, and when they may contact, interview, and hire law clerks. Generally, judges begin looking at applications in the early fall, with contact and interviews happening a few weeks later. These dates only apply to the hiring of matriculating third-year law students; practicing attorneys may apply earlier. Moreover, while many judges adhere to the National Federal Judges Law Clerk Hiring Plan's schedule, many do not follow the plan and interview and hire law students over the summer. The Supreme Court does not follow this timetable.
857:
recommendation and a legal writing sample. Applicants thereafter are shortlisted purely on merit and interviewed eventually by the scrutiny committee, consisting of senior judges and law clerks of the Court, before final appointment. In recent years, all law clerks appointed have been licensed advocates placed at the top of their class with excellent research credentials. Law clerks sit in court during hearings. In chambers, law clerks assist the judge in making determinations of law, conducting research, critically proof-reading the court orders and preparing briefs etc. Law clerks serve as paid staff of the court for an extendable one-year term. The
Supreme Court has 17 law clerks for the year 2017-2018.
297:(ECJ) provides one detailed point of comparison (2000). There are some major differences between ECJ clerks and their American counterparts, largely because of the way the ECJ is structured. One key difference is that ECJ clerks, while hired by individual judges, serve long tenures as opposed to the one-year-clerkship norm at the U.S. Supreme Court. This gives ECJ clerks considerable expertise and power. Because ECJ judges serve six-year renewable terms and do not issue individual opinions, the most important role of ECJ clerks is to facilitate uniformity and continuity across chambers, member-states, and over time.
617:
indicate that some justices are hesitant to rely on 'law clerks' on account of concerns with confidentiality, especially in politically sensitive disputes. However, their services are heavily relied on to go through the written submissions in order to prepare for the preliminary hearings that are held to decide whether a case should be admitted for a regular hearing on merits. In recent years, the contributions of law clerks to research for judicial opinions have become increasingly evident on account of increasing references to foreign precedents and academic writings.
626:
graduates, and were introduced on a gradual basis to phase out the traditional Usher/Crier or "tipstaff" position (a process that is almost complete), while simultaneously providing research assistance to the judge to whom they are assigned. Judges of all jurisdictions have
Judicial Assistants, with the exception of ordinary judges of the District Court. Judicial Assistants are typically recruited on a three-year contract and take up the role for this or a shorter period of time, generally before entering/returning to practice or academia.
696:, duties conferred to law clerks in some common law countries are charged in a person called "Secretario de Acuerdos" or "Secretario Proyectista", for lower courts and, "Secretario de Estudio y Cuenta" for higher court: "Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación". Secretario de Acuerdo's main activities are: conducting the public hearings, writing verdicts, ordering to execute sentences, and providing general assistance to Judges, while Secretario Proyectista's activities are to draft sentences.
195:
The Court of Appeal for
Saskatchewan hires 3 clerks, each of whom are assigned to 2 to 3 judges. The New Brunswick Court of Appeal hires two law graduates, who serve as law clerks working under the direct supervision of the Chief Justice of New Brunswick. Successful candidates for all clerkships are usually selected based on a distinguished academic record, academic recommendations, strong research and writing skills and interviews with judges. For both the
1714:
rest are shared as a central staff. The
California system has been heavily criticized for denying young attorneys the chance to gain experience, and low turnover has resulted in a lack of ethnic and gender diversity among the staff attorneys. But most California judges prefer staff attorneys because it reduces the problem of having to bring new law clerks up to speed on pending complex cases, particularly those involving the death penalty.
1111:
1008:
878:
785:
710:
640:
419:
326:
957:, where special regulations may apply. They are recruited in a competitive process with three phases: the application itself, a test of legal knowledge, and an interview. Only law graduates who are Polish citizens of good character and are above 24 years old can apply for a post in common courts. Similar requirements pertain to the administrative courts, except there is no express provision on age.
981:
state that "a good assistant is a treasure to have" (Judge
Krystian Markiewicz), while others complain that they do not need assistants who "make no unaided decisions whatsoever" (Judge Barbara Piwnik, also a former Minister of Justice). Contrary to many Western legal systems, the profession of a judicial assistant in Poland is sometimes described as "poorly paid" and "unattractive".
1666:
career clerks and clerks that support all judges. For law students who wish to practice in a specific state or geographic region after clerking, state appellate-level or trial court clerkships can often be more valuable than federal clerkships in terms of getting to know the judges, lawyers, and firms in that area, as well as in terms of seeing trial lawyers at work.
190:, followed by the Federal and provincial Courts of Appeal. Each Justice of the Supreme Court hires four clerks for a one-year period. The Federal Court of Appeal, which is based in Ottawa but hears cases across the country, selects 15 law clerks each year, or one per judge. The Federal Court also hires only one clerk per judge, or about 30 per year in total. The
1077:. If they take up this option, they will be posted to other branches of the Singapore Legal Service, for example as Deputy Public Prosecutors at the Attorney's General Chambers or as Assistant Registrars in the Supreme Court Registry. Many Justices' Law Clerks choose to join private firms after their stint (and several have recently achieved the title of
771:
for many of the duties of a court clerk, such as keeping records and making the minutes of court sessions. Although the role of griffier is often held by a permanent member of legal staff of the court, it is not uncommon for the role to be held by an advanced year law student, in which case they may be referred to as a "buitengriffier" (external clerk).
179:). Most provincial superior and appellate courts hire at least one clerk for each judge. Typically students in their last two years of law school are eligible to apply for these positions, but increasingly, experienced practicing lawyers are also considered for these positions. The term typically lasts a year and generally fulfills the
864:, many civil judges with master's degrees (mostly LLM) and post-graduate research experience are appointed as research associates equivalent to law clerks to the judges of the court. They function through the Research Centre of the Lahore High Court and assist all the judges in the various registry benches of the Lahore High Court.
576:
tasks, such as preparing press summaries and fact summaries of appeals, as well as notes for judges’ external speaking engagements and participation in legal conferences. Additionally, judicial assistants assist in the preparation of specimen directions, case bulletins, and publications related to judicial education.
1284:
2046:"Arrêté du 27 février 2003 pris en application de l'article R. 227-10 du code de justice administrative fixant le montant de l'indemnité de vacation horaire allouée aux assistants de justice recrutés au sein du Conseil d'Etat, des cours administratives d'appel et des tribunaux administratifs | Legifrance"
1713:
Instead, California has largely switched to using permanent staff attorneys at all levels of the judiciary; a few judges do use law clerks, but they are quite rare. For example, the
Supreme Court of California has over 85 staff attorneys, of whom about half are attached to particular justices and the
1510:
The most prestigious clerkship is one with a U.S. Supreme Court
Justice; there are only 37 of these positions available every year. However, in recent times securing a federal court of appeals clerkship with a federal judge has been a prerequisite to clerking on the Supreme Court. Therefore, usually
604:
The work profile of the law clerks vary as per the judges who they work under. Generally it involves preparing summary opinions and briefs for the
Special Leave Petitions listed for the Miscellaneous Days (i.e., Monday and Friday). On the Non-Miscellaneous Days it involves attending Court proceedings
575:
The primary responsibilities of judicial assistants are to provide support and assistance to judges in the Court of Final Appeal. Their main role is to help judges research points of law, analyze appeals and leave applications, and draft memoranda on legal points. They also undertake a range of other
522:
personally) prefer clerks from outside the courts or the civil service, especially those who are or were professors of law and who often hire people from academia (sometimes even young law professors). The clerks of the Federal Constitutional Court are deemed very influential and are therefore dubbed
1648:
Some scholars and practitioners have questioned the lack of a federal congressional clerkship program. One study found that few top law school graduates have or will take seriously the process of being a legislative aide to gain practical skills after graduation. Instead, recent law school graduates
770:
In lower courts, the duties of a law clerk are generally carried out by the "griffier". It is customary for the griffier to attend the deliberations of the judges, as well as to draft the verdict. They therefore do have some influence on final decisions. In addition, the griffier is also responsible
616:
In addition to this, students from law colleges all over the country are given the opportunity to act as 'legal trainees' under Supreme Court judges during their vacation periods. The institution of law clerks is still a recent development in the context of the Indian judiciary. Anecdotal references
600:
The Registry of the Supreme Court of India invites applications in January each year for 'law clerk-cum research assistant' positions from the Colleges and Universities empanelled with the Registry. The Universities nominate/recommend their students to the Registry which screens the applications and
566:
Working as a judicial assistant is considered to be a unique and prestigious opportunity for junior solicitors or barristers, and is viewed as a stepping stone to a successful career in law. Upon completing the position, judicial assistants typically return to private practice, working as solicitors
1468:
Some judges seek to hire law clerks who not only have excelled academically but also share the judge's ideological orientation. However, this occurs mostly at the level of some state supreme courts and the United States Supreme Court. Law clerks can have a great deal of influence on the judges with
1194:
The work as a law clerk mainly entails assisting the judges with writing verdicts and decisions, keeping the records during trials and conducting legal inquiries. After about six months the law clerk is trusted with deciding simpler non-disputed issues by himself (such as registering prenuptials or
980:
There are varying opinions on the influence of assistants on the Polish judiciary. Some scholars criticize the profession, because - in their view - judges themselves should write their own opinions, as it would positively affect the quality and length of these documents. However, prominent judges
2511:
Rozporządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 22 marca 2011 r. w sprawie stanowisk i wymaganych kwalifikacji urzędników sądowych i innych pracowników oraz szczegółowych zasad wynagradzania referendarzy sądowych, starszych referendarzy sądowych, asystentów sędziów, starszych asystentów
1506:
Almost all federal judges have at least one law clerk; many have two or more. Associate Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court are allowed four clerks. Although the Chief Justice is allowed to hire five clerks, Chief Justice Rehnquist hired only three per year, and Chief Justice Roberts usually hires
1072:
as Justices' Law Clerks. The Supreme Court comprises the High Court and the Court of Appeal, which is the final court of appeal in Singapore. Upon accepting appointment, Justices' Law Clerks are appointed for a term of one and a half years, with a possible 6-month extension. During their term, the
482:, a time of two years consisting of a series of clerkships: for a civil law judge, a criminal law judge or a prosecutor, a government office and finally at a law firm. The purpose of this clerkship is solely the legal education of the clerk (Referendar) and not giving assistance to his instructor.
304:
is composed of nations with disparate legal systems. Kenney found that ECJ clerks provide legal and linguistic expertise (all opinions are issued in French), ease the workload of their members, participate in oral and written interactions between chambers, and provide continuity as members rapidly
194:
selects 17 law clerks, who serve either one or two of the 24 Justices. The Quebec Court of Appeal usually hires a similar number of law clerks for both Montreal and Quebec City, but is unusual among Canadian courts in having a formal clerkship program for law students in addition to law graduates.
1490:
A clerkship with a federal judge is one of the most highly sought positions in the legal field. Some federal judges receive thousands of applications for a single position, and even the least sought-after federal clerkships will likely be applied to by at least one thousand candidates. Successful
1570:. Firms are even more interested in a former law clerk if the firm generally appears before the clerk's former judge. The interest in former law clerks is seen by the fact that most large firms have a special hiring process for former clerks, and often pay such individuals large signing bonuses.
1538:
judge. Some U.S. district courts are more sought after than others due to the district's popular location, for example: the Eastern and Southern Districts of New York, the Northern District of California, and the District of the District of Columbia. There are also federal clerkships with other
571:
firms or barristers in top chambers. While traditionally the position of judicial assistant in Hong Kong was regarded solely as a gateway to a career at the bar, recently there has been a growing trend of law firms hiring individuals who have completed their tenure as judicial assistants, due to
1665:
Judicial clerkships in state appellate courts are similar to those in federal appellate courts, but are primarily focused on state law rather than on federal law issues. State supreme courts began using law clerks as early as the 1930s. Some state courts also use the title "staff attorney" for
1573:
Generally, interested candidates apply for federal clerkships more than a year before the clerkship begins. The federal clerkship application process has also largely been streamlined by the National Federal Judges Law Clerk Hiring Plan and the OSCAR system, an online database in which federal
1190:
The term as law clerk is two years, after which the law clerk may opt to apply to the Court of Appeals in the Administrative system or the General system ("kammarrätt" or "hovrätt") and continue on the path that traditionally leads to Judge, or leave the Court system for another career. Having
1183:
Applicants are rated according to their accumulated points, which are calculated mainly by grades. Higher grades giving higher scores and the one with the highest score applying to any given spot is accepted. One applies to the Swedish Court Agency (Domstolsverket) about six times a year, which
378:
In France law clerks are called juristes assistants. They typically go through a competitive nomination and interview process to get accepted as law clerks. Most French courts accept applications for judicial clerkships from graduating law students. Students in their last year of law school are
1577:
As a result of the extreme competition—both by the judges to get the best candidates and by candidates to get the best clerkships—the pace of the hiring is extremely quick. It is not unknown for federal judges to offer a candidate a clerkship on the spot at the conclusion of a first interview.
625:
In Ireland Judicial Assistants provide support to the judiciary comparable to that provided to judges of the Federal Courts of the United States, the Courts of Australia, the European Courts in Luxembourg and Strasbourg and the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. They are typically recent law
856:
The Supreme Court of Pakistan has an extensive and competitive program for the appointment of the Law Clerks/Research Associates. Applications are invited from all over Pakistan calling on fresh law graduates, Advocates and Barristers to submit their CVs, transcripts/degrees, three letters of
558:
The selection process for the position of judicial assistant is highly competitive. Applicants are typically required to have strong academic backgrounds, possessing first-class LLB or LLM degrees from reputable universities, as well as prior experience in international law firms or reputable
1656:
Committee on Codes of Conduct issued the ethical guidance, on September 12, 2024, that law clerks should be restricted by federal judges from seeking employment with political organizations while employed by the court system, "to avoid the risk of compromising the judiciary's independence".
379:
eligible to apply, although most law clerks are Ph.D. candidates in Law or candidates for the bar exam or a French civil service competitive entrance exam such as French National School for the Judiciary, French National School of Public Finances, or French National School of Court Clerks.
968:"urzędnicy sądowi"), due to the fact that the latter do not have legal qualifications and exercise only administrative tasks, whereas assistants draft legal decisions or opinions, and conduct legal research. Judicial assistants also differ from "judicial clerks" or "court referendaries" (
2009:(“In the UK Supreme Court, judicial assistants perform a number of functions similar to those undertaken by US Supreme Court law clerks: drafting memos on applications for permission to appeal, reading parties’ submissions, attending hearings and discussing the cases with the justices.”)
848:, each judge has their own clerk. The Chief Justice is the exception and has two clerks. Judges clerkships are highly sought after and competition is extremely competitive; judges' clerks often have class ranks that put them at, or near, the top of their graduating class.
509:
for "scientific assistant"). With few exceptions, they are lower court judges or civil servants, assigned for a period of three years to the respective Federal Court, and their clerkships serve as a qualification for a higher judgeship. However, some justices of the
972:"referendarze sądowi") in that they possess no judicial powers, and cannot make binding legal decisions on their own. Law clerks in Poland have their own organisation called National Society of Judicial Assistants (Ogólnopolskie Stowarzyszenie Asystentów Sędziów).
989:
Basic salary in common courts is set by a regulation of the Minister of Justice and since June 2016 amounts from 3000 PLN to 4200 PLN per month (ca. €695 to €975 gross). In the case of administrative courts, the salary of assistants is regulated by the
994:, and ranges from 1600 PLN even up to 5200 PLN, depending on whether we are dealing with a senior assistant or not. The remuneration rules at the Supreme Court of Poland and the Constitutional Tribunal are provided by respective internal regulations.
103:
graduates who performed at or near the top of their class and/or attended highly ranked law schools. Serving as a law clerk is considered to be one of the most prestigious positions in legal circles, and tends to open up wide-ranging opportunities in
1644:
that perform judicial law clerk duties for them, such as researching the most current case law, writing and editing opinions and orders and assisting the Administrative Law Judges with trial-like adjudications, hearings and other similar procedures.
1073:
law clerks are given the opportunity to work with both the judges of the High Court as well as the Judges of the Appeal and the Chief Justice. After their term, the law clerks have the option of joining the permanent establishment of the
608:
In 2014, the Supreme Court increased the monthly stipend of law clerks / research assistants from Rs 25,000 to Rs 30,000, with a hike to Rs 32,000 for clerks who stay for longer than a year. For the 2012-13 session each law clerk at the
1531:, a total of 40 with 33 clerking for either Justice Thomas or Justice Scalia. This reflects the increasing polarization of the court, with both liberal and conservative judges hiring clerks who reflect their ideological orientation.
1303:
Most law clerks are recent law school graduates who performed at or near the top of their class. Federal judges, especially those at the appellate level, often require that applicants for law clerk positions have experience with
1507:
only four. Generally, law clerks serve a term of one to two years; however, some federal judges hire a permanent law clerk. Such judges usually have one permanent law clerk and one or two law clerks who serve on a term basis.
115:
In some countries, judicial clerks are known as judicial associates or judicial assistants. In many nations, clerk duties are performed by permanent staff attorneys or junior apprentice-like judges, such as those that sit on
1275:, the New York State Commercial Division adjudicates high-profile commercial matters in an expedited fashion, and the Delaware Court of Chancery hears a substantial volume of corporate and shareholder derivative actions.
2664:
1195:
granting adoptions). After about a year the law clerk is entrusted with judging simpler criminal and civil law cases by himself (in General Courts), such as petty theft or a civil case involving low sums of money.
596:
offer paid law clerkships that are considered very prestigious. These clerkships usually last for one year (session commencing from July to Mid of May) and may be extended at the discretion of individual judges.
305:
change. While Kenney concludes that they have more power than their counterparts on the U.S. Supreme Court, ECJ clerks act as agents for their principals—judges—and are not the puppeteers that critics claim.
766:
are independent researchers. Applicants are recruited from the top law firms and universities. For most, it is a highly prestigious second job. Law clerks typically work at the Supreme Court for six years.
2249:
1184:
calculates the scores and apportions the applicants. The Courts in the bigger cities naturally tends to be most popular, thereby needing the highest scores even if they also have most law clerk positions.
605:
and preparing notes for the arguments advanced by the counsels on matters listed. They also assist the judges in drafting of the judgments and orders by supplementing it with research and case analysis.
1581:
Judicial law fellows, pro bono attorneys (or clerks or counsel) and volunteer clerks, perform substantially the same tasks as normal judicial law clerks do, but for no pay, reduced pay or a stipend.
1332:. However, because there are many more law graduates with high academic credentials than there are clerkship positions available at any level, competition for judicial clerkships is always intense.
1523:" are especially difficult to obtain. Luttig, before his retirement, was the leading "feeder" judge at the court of appeals level, with virtually all of his law clerks having gone on to clerk with
551:
has been offering full-time, one-year fixed-term appointments to junior lawyers who graduated from highly ranked law schools. This program was initiated under the auspices of former Chief Justice
1312:
in law school. As such, the law clerk application process is highly competitive, with most federal judges receiving hundreds of applications for only one or two open positions in any given year.
171:
Most Canadian courts accept applications for judicial clerkships from graduating law students or experienced lawyers who have already been called to the Bar in Canada or abroad (typically in the
1335:
Because of the selection criteria, many notable legal figures, professors, and judges were initially law clerks. Many Supreme Court justices previously clerked for other Supreme Court justices:
1187:
The ratio is about one law clerk per judge, and the clerk switch judge after a time, usually three months. The rationale being that working for different judges broadens the scope of learning.
1319:
is the major exception to the rule; he takes pride in selecting clerks from non-top-tier schools, and publicly noted that his clerks have been attacked on the Internet as "third tier trash".
3115:
Kenney, Sally J. (2000). "Beyond Principals and Agents: Seeing Courts as Organizations by Comparing Referendaires at the European Court of Justice and Law Clerks at the U.S. Supreme Court".
2846:
613:
was paid a stipend of Rs 25,000 per month, which may be increased further in the next year. Till 2009–2010 each law clerk at the Supreme Court of India was being paid Rs. 20,000 per month.
2527:
391:) are hired for three years renewable once. Depending on credentials and curriculum they can be assigned to the bench (magistrat du siège) or the prosecution (parquet or parquet général).
1256:
269:). Only Supreme Court judicial assistants are appointed for a full-time, one year fixed-term appointment. Since 2006 they have taken part in a week long exchange in Washington DC at the
17:
1248:
1434:
Neil Gorsuch is the first justice who served alongside a justice for whom he himself had once clerked. Several of the justices have also clerked in the courts of appeals. Justice
1252:
1485:
1694:, Felix Frankfurter selected law clerks for Justices Holmes and Brandeis. Brandeis practices in how to train and use his clerks at the court professionalized clerkships.
1260:
222:
2135:
1930:
949:
Generally their status is regulated by the Law on the System of Common Courts of July 27, 2001, but there are also assistants in the administrative courts, the
3003:"Legal and Court Staff in the United States Judiciary: Seminar on the Management of the Assistant Personnel to Judges (Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China)"
2325:
See Article 27a of Ustawa z dnia 25 lipca 2002 r. - Prawo o ustroju sądów administracyjnych [the Law on the System of Administrative Courts of 25 July 2002
1439:
2416:
1690:
were the first Supreme Court justices to use recent law school graduates as clerks, rather than hiring a "stenographer-secretary". As a law professor at
2607:
2308:
2061:, stating "The objective of the formation and not the utilization of the workforce determines the extent and nature of the assignments to the trainees."
1793:
3078:
Itir Yakar, "Unseen Staff Attorneys Anchor State's Top Court: Institution's System of Permanent Employees Means Workers Can Outlast the Justices,"
2870:
1637:
1558:
Former federal law clerks are often highly sought after by large law firms. Firms believe that such individuals have excellent legal research and
2850:
2217:
1908:
1061:
1956:
The Power Of The Judicial Assistant/Law Clerk: Looking Behind The Scenes At Courts In The United States, England And Wales, And The Netherlands
1589:
1207:
graduates who performed at or near the top of their class and/or attended highly ranked law schools. Serving as a law clerk, especially to a
1476:. However, some law clerks decide they enjoy the position so much they continue to serve the judge as a law clerk in a permanent capacity.
213:
was one of the first Supreme Court law clerks, serving as a clerk in the program's inaugural year (1967). Similarly, the Hon. Madam Justice
2571:
1633:
41:
2468:
1315:
Federal appellate judges tend to recruit primarily from the most prestigious and highly-ranked law schools in the United States. Justice
2495:
2291:
1524:
837:
Law clerks are referred to as judge's clerks in all four levels of the New Zealand court system. It is a fixed term position of 2 years.
218:
394:
The work of a law clerk entails assisting the judges with writing verdicts and decisions and conducting legal inquiries and research.
1601:
946:
Polish law clerks are called "asystenci sędziów", which can be directly translated as "judges' assistants" or "judicial assistants".
2728:
1653:
262:
2714:
1264:
1211:, is considered to be one of the most prestigious positions in legal circles, and tends to open up wide-ranging opportunities in
960:
Many of the assistants with professional experience are eligible for admission to practice law. They are not to be confused with
3199:
1962:. 7(2) (“The first Judicial Assistants were appointed to the Civil Division of the Court of Appeal in 1997.”) ISSN 2156-7964.
3168:
3105:
2045:
226:
3098:
Inside Appellate Courts: The Impact of Court Organization on Judicial Decision Making in the United States Courts of Appeals
2032:
1329:
3044:
1678:
was the first federal judge (and hence the first Supreme Court justice) to hire law clerks in 1882, according to historian
2442:
397:
The most prestigious clerkships available in France are before courts of appeals, which review decisions of lower courts.
2154:"Reflexiones en torno al cuerpo de Secretarios de Estudio y Cuenta de la Suprema Corte, María Amparo Hernández Chong Cuy"
1613:
1593:
1567:
991:
258:
254:
2820:
2059:
see for example Section 39 (5) of the law on the formation of jurists of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia 'in German)
1976:
1894:
2777:
2197:
1617:
1528:
2177:
2153:
1934:
1068:, and reputable foreign universities, only those obtaining first class honours or equivalent, are invited to join the
209:
Many law clerks have gone on to become leaders of the profession. For example, the Hon. Mr. Justice Jean Cote of the
3152:
2985:
2916:
2116:
1605:
1150:
1047:
917:
824:
749:
679:
548:
458:
365:
2796:
1563:
954:
931:
763:
2354:
2271:
1629:
1512:
1268:
1204:
563:. Hundreds of applicants vie for just six or fewer open positions, making it a highly sought-after opportunity.
183:
for provincial law societies, which qualifies a person to become a practicing lawyer in a Canadian jurisdiction.
100:
3194:
3189:
1247:. Some U.S. district courts provide particularly useful experience for law clerks pursuing specific fields. The
2241:
1609:
1552:
1540:
1236:
1224:
1132:
1029:
899:
841:
806:
731:
661:
440:
347:
2386:
1876:
1092:
2545:
2512:
sędziów, urzędników oraz innych pracowników wojewódzkich sądów administracyjnych (Dz.U. 2011 nr 72 poz. 384)
1959:
1272:
1731:
Peppers, Todd C.; Zorn, Christopher (14 June 2007). "Law Clerk Influence on Supreme Court Decision Making".
96:, or courtroom deputies who only provide secretarial and administrative support to attorneys and/or judges.
2020:
1992:
web site (2016) (“Judicial Assistants to the Justices. Annual fixed term appointments: September to July”.)
1625:
1535:
1462:
1228:
845:
588:
law graduates go through a competitive nomination and interview process to get accepted as law clerks. The
511:
2608:"The Supreme Court: Woman in the News; Rejected as a Clerk, Chosen as a Justice: Ruth Joan Bader Ginsburg"
2058:
1707:
1703:
1323:
1220:
1208:
935:
494:
191:
1191:
completed the two years is considered qualifying and may open up career opportunities otherwise closed.
1167:
one can apply for a position as a law clerk ("notarie" in Swedish) either in the Administrative Courts (
3219:
2683:
1771:
Swanson, Rick A.; Wasby, Stephen L. (2008). "GOOD STEWARDS: LAW CLERK INFLUENCE IN STATE HIGH COURTS".
1548:
1458:
1322:
Judicial clerkships with federal or state appellate judges tend to be more competitive than those with
1240:
1128:
1069:
1025:
895:
802:
727:
657:
436:
343:
1916:
2373:"National School of Judiciary and Public Prosecution | Krajowa Szkoła Sądownictwa i Prokuratury"
1683:
294:
278:
132:
120:
1757:
1219:
practice, and influential government work. Among the most prestigious clerkships are those with the
2289:
Ustawa z dnia 27 lipca 2001 r. - Prawo o ustroju sądów powszechnych (Dz.U. 2001 vol. 98, item 1070)
1597:
1585:
840:
In the High Court, clerks are assigned to two or three judges (including Associate Judges). In the
568:
474:
Students of law who, after law school, have passed the first of two required examinations join the
2218:"The Role of a Judge's Clerk at the Supreme Court of New Zealand: A 'Worm's-Eye View', Max Harris"
1649:
opt for judicial clerkships leaving few in the legal field with practical legislative experience.
1453:
for a clerkship position due to her gender. She was rejected despite a strong recommendation from
229:, also served as a law clerk in the early years of the program. Meanwhile, the Hon. Madam Justice
1621:
1544:
1232:
1121:
1074:
1018:
950:
888:
795:
720:
650:
429:
336:
238:
230:
210:
196:
187:
45:
2579:
2074:
1858:
2832:
2757:
589:
559:
chambers. They are expected to be in the top 5% of their graduating class or hold degrees from
200:
2641:
1840:
1491:
candidates tend to be very high in their class, with most being members of their law school's
253:, law clerks are called judicial assistants. It is possible to be a judicial assistant at the
1744:
1424:
1352:
84:
for cases before the court. Judicial clerks often play significant roles in the formation of
3184:
3002:
2492:
2288:
2102:
2006:
88:
through their influence upon judges' decisions. Judicial clerks should not be confused with
2665:"William T. Coleman Jr., barrier-breaking civil rights lawyer, Cabinet officer, dies at 96"
2513:
2324:
1503:
team. Such clerkships are generally seen as more prestigious than those with state judges.
1181:
1172:
593:
490:
154:
2849:. Slip Opinions, the online supplement to Washington University Law Review. Archived from
8:
3214:
2736:
2088:
1472:
Upon completing a judicial clerkship, a law clerk often becomes very marketable to elite
1450:
1244:
143:(young law graduates). Australia, Canada, Sweden, and Brazil have notable clerk systems.
48:
justices and their law clerks pose on the roof of the old supreme court building at the
3132:
2762:
1691:
270:
234:
2946:
312:. Their duties are more similar to those of the law clerks of the U.S. Supreme Court.
3164:
3148:
3136:
3101:
2981:
2977:
Courtiers of the Marble Palace: The Rise and Influence of the Supreme Court Law Clerk
2912:
2699:
2684:"William Thaddeus Coleman, Jr.: Breaking the Color Barrier at the U.S. Supreme Court"
2615:
2340:
1516:
1446:
1415:
1388:
1379:
1370:
1366:
1348:
1065:
861:
486:
250:
405:
A similar system exists in the administrative courts, including the Conseil d'Etat.
3124:
3056:
2695:
1732:
1641:
1496:
1267:. Similarly, the United States Tax Court specializes in adjudicating disputes over
1164:
49:
3161:
Sorcerers' Apprentices: 100 Years of Law Clerks at the United States Supreme Court
186:
The most prestigious clerkship available is with the country's highest court, the
2975:
2499:
2295:
1465:
as a law clerk, the first African American law clerk to the U.S. Supreme Court.
1410:
1406:
1401:
1361:
1316:
506:
3128:
1975:
Judicial assistants in the Court of Appeal Civil Division (September 6, 2016).
1687:
1428:
1419:
1357:
1343:
1292:
1078:
301:
274:
266:
180:
176:
124:
77:
3208:
2715:"Supreme Court Clerk Hiring Watch: Ranking The Non-Traditional Feeder Judges"
2619:
1819:
1559:
1271:, the United States Bankruptcy Courts specialize in issues arising under the
610:
214:
172:
81:
68:
is a person, often a lawyer, who provides direct counsel and assistance to a
1989:
1520:
1454:
1435:
1393:
1375:
1296:
961:
93:
3060:
2847:"Keepers of the U.S. Code: The Case for a Congressional Clerkship Program"
2033:
Décret n°96-513 du 7 juin 1996 relatif aux juristes assistants ( In French
1251:
deals with a heightened volume of high-profile commercial litigation, the
1176:
3026:
2953:
2599:
1679:
1675:
1397:
1384:
1339:
1326:
1288:
1283:
552:
89:
35:
31:
1736:
1500:
1492:
1309:
1305:
1135: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1032: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
902: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
809: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
734: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
664: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
443: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
350: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
203:, being able to work in both English and French is strongly preferred.
2417:"Asystentura w Trybunale Konstytucyjnym – prestiżowy epizod prawniczy"
1534:
Generally, the next most sought after federal clerkship is one with a
3045:"Isaiah and His Young Disciples: Justice Brandeis and His Law Clerks"
2372:
544:
128:
2355:"European e-Justice Portal - Legal professions and justice networks"
2272:"European e-Justice Portal - Legal professions and justice networks"
1963:
1110:
1007:
877:
784:
709:
639:
418:
325:
2394:
2001:
McIntyre, Colin, Joseph Farmer, Michael Deacon (February 16, 2015)
1519:, who have sent many clerks on to the Supreme Court, often called "
1473:
1216:
1212:
560:
158:
109:
85:
3145:
Behind the Bench: The Guide to Judicial Clerkships, Second Edition
2871:"US judges advised to restrict clerks from seeking political jobs"
572:
their high calibre and valuable experiences in court proceedings.
308:
The ECJ also admits a limited number of selected law graduates as
2778:"Insight: The secret keepers: meet the U.S. Supreme Court clerks"
2117:"Supreme Court Increases Law Clerks' Stipend to Rs. 30,000/Month"
105:
2932:
2886:
693:
547:, law clerks are known as judicial assistants. Since 2009, the
532:
117:
69:
3031:
Acheson: The Secretary of State Who Created the American World
1710:
have generally avoided using law clerks since the late 1980s.
2838:
1486:
Lists of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States
1203:
In the United States, judicial law clerks are usually recent
585:
73:
1511:
the second most prestigious place to clerk is at one of the
3195:
Openings for Law Clerks with the Los Angeles Superior Court
2018:
James Kanter, "Obscure EU court may be ally for business",
1163:
After successfully obtaining the Swedish law degree called
233:
of the Supreme Court of Canada and the Hon. Madam Justice
2493:
http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WDU20160000791/
471:
In Germany, there are two different kinds of law clerks.
241:
were formerly law clerks at the Ontario Court of Appeal.
223:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
2833:
JD Underground, Attorney Advisor Positions with Fed Govt
2103:"A Year as a Judicial Assistant | Hong Kong Lawyer"
2821:"National Federal Judges Law Clerk Hiring Plan" Website
2729:"Appeals court judge a rising star among conservatives"
2469:"Reforma sądownictwa: Asystenci sędziów odejdą z sądów"
2876:, September 13, 2024. Retrieved September 15, 2024.
1515:. Clerkships with certain appellate judges, such as
3158:
2335:
2333:
1440:
United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
2879:
131:courts, they are known as judicial assistants. The
18:
Law clerk of the Supreme Court of the United States
3190:Searchable site for US federal law clerk vacancies
1291:previously served as a law clerk to Chief Justice
206:The Tax Court of Canada hires 12 clerks annually.
2596:(Cincinnati: Thomson Executive Press, 1996), 110.
2330:
2007:The Journal of the Law Society of Scotland Online
1794:"New Law School Ranking: Judicial Clerkship Jobs"
1547:judges, senior judges, and special trial judges;
1255:handles the most patent cases in the nation, the
531:("Third Senate") as opposed to the two official "
300:Furthermore, this role is heightened because the
3206:
2925:
2586:
2309:"An outdated English translation of the statute"
2089:"Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal - How to Apply"
2075:"Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal - Introduction"
1638:U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
1081:), while others have chosen a path in academia.
3100:. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
3033:(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007 ), p. 44.
2758:"Clerks Highlight Supreme Court’s Polarization"
1909:"Court of appeal of Québec - Clerkship program"
1877:"Saskatchewan Law Courts - Clerkship Positions"
1263:hears many high-profile disputes involving the
217:, formerly of the Supreme Court of Canada, the
2766:September 6, 2010, accessed September 7, 2010.
2642:"Women Suddenly Scarce Among Justices' Clerks"
1960:International Journal for Court Administration
1259:leads the country in antitrust suits, and the
400:
3200:Description of available clerkships in Canada
2644:. The New York Times (registration required)
2467:Kryszkiewicz, Małgorzata (7 February 2017).
2466:
2327:(Dz.U. 2002 vol. 153, item 1269) (in Polish)
1788:
1786:
1770:
1634:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
525:
516:
499:
497:, the duties of law clerks are performed by
476:
284:
3008:. Washington, D.C.: Federal Judicial Center
2592:Wayne L. Anderson and Marilyn J. Headrick,
2069:
2067:
1730:
535:" of 8 justices each which form the court.
112:practice, and influential government work.
3185:Federal Judicial Center page on Law Clerks
3147:. St. Paul, MN: West Academic Publishing.
2639:
1239:, the New York State Commercial Division,
219:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
1859:"Ontario Courts - Tribunaux de l'Ontario"
1783:
1602:United States Patent and Trademark Office
1151:Learn how and when to remove this message
1048:Learn how and when to remove this message
918:Learn how and when to remove this message
825:Learn how and when to remove this message
750:Learn how and when to remove this message
680:Learn how and when to remove this message
459:Learn how and when to remove this message
366:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Personal assistant and counsel to a judge
3159:Ward, Artemus; Weiden, David L. (2006).
3074:
3072:
3070:
3000:
2980:. Stanford University Press. p. 1.
2906:
2844:
2242:"Research centre for judges inaugurated"
2064:
1282:
382:
40:
3042:
3001:Gur-Arie, Mira (November 22–26, 2004).
2973:
2794:
2681:
2662:
2440:
99:Judicial law clerks are usually recent
14:
3207:
3114:
2911:. Yale University Press. p. 533.
2775:
2003:Supreme Courts: the US and UK compared
92:(also called "law clerks" in Canada),
3095:
3067:
2640:Greenhouse, Linda (August 30, 2006).
2605:
2569:
2563:
2414:
2133:
1931:"About the Court - Law Clerk Program"
1479:
1299:served as law clerk to Justice White.
289:Sally Kenney's article on clerks, or
227:UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
2797:"High-Court Clerks Attract a Frenzy"
2795:Kendall, Brent (18 September 2012).
2594:The Legal Profession: Is it for you?
2252:from the original on 29 January 2012
1562:skills, and a strong command of the
1133:adding citations to reliable sources
1104:
1030:adding citations to reliable sources
1001:
900:adding citations to reliable sources
871:
807:adding citations to reliable sources
778:
732:adding citations to reliable sources
703:
662:adding citations to reliable sources
633:
514:(who have the right to select their
441:adding citations to reliable sources
412:
348:adding citations to reliable sources
319:
244:
2712:
2572:"Justice Thomas, on the Road Again"
2525:
2443:"Sędzia nie jest od bicia rekordów"
1990:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
1660:
1594:U.S. International Trade Commission
1568:Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure
1060:Since 1991, law graduates from the
992:President of the Republic of Poland
24:
3089:
2845:Rudesill, Dakota S. (2008-11-05).
1618:Securities and Exchange Commission
699:
25:
3231:
3178:
2954:"www.nalp.org/courtingclerkships"
2735:. August 22, 2001. Archived from
1706:and the various districts of the
1606:Federal Communications Commission
1461:. In 1948, Frankfurter had hired
1278:
1231:, specialized courts such as the
3096:Cohen, Jonathan Matthew (2002).
3049:Journal of Supreme Court History
2909:American Law in the 20th Century
2700:10.1111/j.1540-5818.2008.00200.x
2688:Journal of Supreme Court History
2663:Schudel, Matt (March 31, 2017).
2606:Lewis, Neil A. (June 15, 1993).
2570:Mauro, Tony (February 5, 2010).
1977:HMS Courts and Tribunals Service
1564:Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
1457:, who was a professor and later
1438:, for instance, clerked for the
1295:. Current Supreme Court Justice
1198:
1109:
1062:National University of Singapore
1006:
932:Supreme Court of the Philippines
876:
783:
764:Supreme Court of the Netherlands
708:
638:
417:
324:
273:established by the late Justice
135:uses permanent staff attorneys (
3036:
3020:
2994:
2967:
2900:
2864:
2826:
2814:
2788:
2769:
2751:
2721:
2706:
2675:
2656:
2633:
2546:"Fresh Graduates/JLC Programme"
2538:
2519:
2505:
2486:
2460:
2434:
2408:
2379:
2365:
2347:
2318:
2301:
2282:
2264:
2234:
2210:
2190:
2170:
2146:
2136:"Legally India - Legally India"
2127:
2109:
2095:
2081:
2052:
2038:
2026:
2012:
1995:
1982:
1969:
1948:
1923:
1630:Environmental Protection Agency
1445:In 1960, Supreme Court Justice
1257:Northern District of California
1237:United States Bankruptcy Courts
1225:United States courts of appeals
1120:needs additional citations for
1066:Singapore Management University
1017:needs additional citations for
984:
887:needs additional citations for
794:needs additional citations for
719:needs additional citations for
649:needs additional citations for
428:needs additional citations for
335:needs additional citations for
2907:Friedman, Lawrence M. (2002).
2776:Baynes, Terry (14 June 2012).
1901:
1887:
1869:
1851:
1833:
1812:
1764:
1724:
1610:Social Security Administration
1084:
867:
842:Court of Appeal of New Zealand
774:
13:
1:
3117:Comparative Political Studies
2713:Lat, David (20 August 2015).
1717:
1697:
1463:William Thaddeus Coleman, Jr.
1273:United States Bankruptcy Code
1249:Southern District of New York
1229:United States district courts
518:wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiter
501:wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiter
2021:International Herald Tribune
1954:Holvast, Nina (March 2016).
1626:Department of Transportation
1536:United States district court
997:
846:Supreme Court of New Zealand
538:
512:Federal Constitutional Court
146:
7:
3129:10.1177/0010414000033005002
3080:San Francisco Daily Journal
2578:. ALM Media. Archived from
1708:California Courts of Appeal
1704:Supreme Court of California
1221:United States Supreme Court
975:
936:Philippine Court of Appeals
851:
401:In the administrative order
192:Court of Appeal for Ontario
10:
3236:
3143:Strauss, Debra M. (2017).
2760:article by Adam Liptak in
1798:US News & World Report
1773:The Justice System Journal
1669:
1549:Bankruptcy Appellate Panel
1483:
1459:Dean of Harvard Law School
1241:Delaware Court of Chancery
1174:or in the General Courts (
620:
495:Federal Prosecutor General
408:
29:
3043:Peppers, Todd C. (2009).
2974:Peppers, Todd C. (2006).
2682:Peppers, Todd C. (2008).
1684:Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
1586:Administrative Law Judges
1253:Eastern District of Texas
1100:
1093:Law clerks in South Korea
941:
629:
315:
295:European Court of Justice
285:European Court of Justice
279:Lord Rodger of Earlsferry
166:
133:European Court of Justice
2576:The National Law Journal
1654:U.S. Judicial Conference
1598:Federal Trade Commission
579:
493:) and the office of the
30:Not to be confused with
3163:. New York: NYU Press.
2933:"www.lawclerkships.com"
2887:"www.lawclerkships.com"
1622:Veterans Administration
1539:federal judges such as
1233:United States Tax Court
1075:Singapore Legal Service
955:Constitutional Tribunal
951:Supreme Court of Poland
239:Ontario Court of Appeal
231:Andromache Karakatsanis
211:Alberta Court of Appeal
197:Supreme Court of Canada
188:Supreme Court of Canada
2669:www.washingtonpost.com
1752:Cite journal requires
1541:U.S. magistrate judges
1513:U.S. courts of appeals
1300:
1287:Supreme Court Justice
590:Supreme Court of India
526:
517:
500:
487:Federal Supreme Courts
477:
201:Quebec Court of Appeal
53:
3061:10.1353/sch.2009.0022
2473:prawo.gazetaprawna.pl
1614:Department of Justice
1425:Ketanji Brown Jackson
1353:Wiley Blount Rutledge
1286:
549:Court of Final Appeal
383:In the judicial order
181:articling requirement
44:
2526:Wee, Serene (2006).
2441:Łukaszewicz, Agata.
2198:"Rechtbank Den Haag"
1863:www.ontariocourts.ca
1261:District of Columbia
1245:state supreme courts
1129:improve this article
1026:improve this article
896:improve this article
803:improve this article
728:improve this article
658:improve this article
594:High Courts of India
491:Judiciary of Germany
437:improve this article
344:improve this article
80:issues and drafting
46:Israel Supreme Court
2801:Wall Street Journal
2415:Bojańczyk, Antoni.
2387:"Asystenci Sedziów"
2359:e-justice.europa.eu
2341:"Asystenci sędziów"
2276:e-justice.europa.eu
2248:. 28 January 2012.
1913:www.tribunaux.qc.ca
1895:"Articling Program"
1737:10.2139/ssrn.925705
1455:Albert Martin Sacks
1451:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
389:juristes assistants
263:Appellate Committee
2763:The New York Times
2612:The New York Times
2582:on March 23, 2010.
2498:2017-02-16 at the
2343:. 31 January 2023.
2294:2017-02-16 at the
1897:. 12 January 2018.
1800:. 3 September 2009
1480:Federal clerkships
1301:
1269:federal income tax
1265:federal government
1209:U.S. federal judge
762:Law clerks of the
271:U.S. Supreme Court
235:Kathryn N. Feldman
66:judicial assistant
54:
3220:Legal professions
3170:978-0-8147-9404-3
3107:978-0-472-11256-2
3082:, 30 May 2006, 1.
2391:Asystenci Sedziów
1820:"Clerk Programme"
1674:Although Justice
1642:Attorney Advisors
1517:J. Michael Luttig
1447:Felix Frankfurter
1416:Amy Coney Barrett
1389:Thurgood Marshall
1380:William Rehnquist
1371:Robert H. Jackson
1367:William Rehnquist
1349:John Paul Stevens
1161:
1160:
1153:
1058:
1057:
1050:
928:
927:
920:
862:Lahore High Court
835:
834:
827:
760:
759:
752:
690:
689:
682:
523:the (unofficial)
469:
468:
461:
376:
375:
368:
251:England and Wales
245:England and Wales
155:Judge's associate
16:(Redirected from
3227:
3174:
3140:
3111:
3083:
3076:
3065:
3064:
3040:
3034:
3024:
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2818:
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2809:
2807:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2773:
2767:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2739:on July 23, 2008
2725:
2719:
2718:
2710:
2704:
2703:
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2660:
2654:
2653:
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2455:
2453:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2393:. Archived from
2383:
2377:
2376:
2369:
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2351:
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2344:
2337:
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2322:
2316:
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2143:
2140:legallyindia.com
2131:
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2024:
2016:
2010:
1999:
1993:
1986:
1980:
1973:
1967:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1933:. Archived from
1927:
1921:
1920:
1915:. Archived from
1905:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1881:sasklawcourts.ca
1873:
1867:
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1169:förvaltningsrätt
1165:Candidate of Law
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1407:Brett Kavanaugh
1402:Anthony Kennedy
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1317:Clarence Thomas
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1688:Louis Brandeis
1671:
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1592:- such as the
1545:U.S. Tax Court
1481:
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1429:Stephen Breyer
1422:
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1355:
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1144:
1141:February 2011
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1123:
1118:This section
1116:
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1107:
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1070:Supreme Court
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1038:February 2011
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1015:This section
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908:February 2011
901:
897:
891:
890:
885:This section
883:
879:
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858:
849:
847:
843:
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815:February 2011
808:
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798:
797:
792:This section
790:
786:
781:
780:
772:
768:
765:
754:
751:
743:
740:February 2011
733:
729:
723:
722:
717:This section
715:
711:
706:
705:
697:
695:
684:
681:
673:
670:February 2011
663:
659:
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647:This section
645:
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611:Supreme Court
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527:Dritter Senat
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481:
479:
478:Referendariat
472:
463:
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449:February 2011
442:
438:
432:
431:
426:This section
424:
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415:
414:
406:
398:
395:
392:
390:
380:
370:
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345:
339:
338:
333:This section
331:
327:
322:
321:
313:
311:
306:
303:
298:
296:
292:
291:référendaires
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
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224:
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215:Louise Arbour
212:
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182:
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173:United States
162:
160:
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144:
142:
138:
137:référendaires
134:
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119:
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63:
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51:
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43:
37:
33:
19:
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3079:
3052:
3048:
3038:
3030:
3022:
3012:December 31,
3010:. Retrieved
2996:
2976:
2969:
2957:. Retrieved
2948:
2936:. Retrieved
2927:
2908:
2902:
2890:. Retrieved
2881:
2873:
2866:
2855:. Retrieved
2851:the original
2840:
2828:
2816:
2804:. Retrieved
2800:
2790:
2781:
2771:
2761:
2753:
2741:. Retrieved
2737:the original
2732:
2723:
2708:
2691:
2687:
2677:
2668:
2658:
2646:. Retrieved
2635:
2623:. Retrieved
2611:
2601:
2593:
2588:
2580:the original
2575:
2565:
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2549:
2540:
2531:
2528:"Inter Alia"
2521:
2507:
2488:
2476:. Retrieved
2472:
2462:
2450:. Retrieved
2446:
2436:
2424:. Retrieved
2420:
2410:
2399:. Retrieved
2395:the original
2390:
2381:
2367:
2358:
2349:
2320:
2303:
2284:
2275:
2266:
2254:. Retrieved
2245:
2236:
2224:. Retrieved
2212:
2201:. Retrieved
2192:
2181:. Retrieved
2172:
2160:. Retrieved
2148:
2139:
2129:
2120:
2111:
2097:
2083:
2054:
2040:
2028:
2019:
2014:
2002:
1997:
1984:
1971:
1955:
1950:
1939:. Retrieved
1935:the original
1925:
1917:the original
1912:
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1880:
1871:
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1824:. Retrieved
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1797:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1745:cite journal
1726:
1712:
1701:
1673:
1664:
1651:
1647:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1557:
1551:judges; and
1533:
1525:conservative
1509:
1505:
1489:
1471:
1467:
1444:
1436:Samuel Alito
1433:
1427:clerked for
1418:clerked for
1409:clerked for
1396:clerked for
1394:Neil Gorsuch
1387:clerked for
1378:clerked for
1376:John Roberts
1369:clerked for
1360:clerked for
1351:clerked for
1342:clerked for
1334:
1321:
1314:
1302:
1297:Neil Gorsuch
1202:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1175:
1168:
1162:
1147:
1138:
1127:Please help
1122:verification
1119:
1090:
1059:
1044:
1035:
1024:Please help
1019:verification
1016:
988:
985:Remuneration
979:
969:
965:
962:court clerks
959:
948:
945:
929:
914:
905:
894:Please help
889:verification
886:
859:
855:
839:
836:
821:
812:
801:Please help
796:verification
793:
769:
761:
746:
737:
726:Please help
721:verification
718:
691:
676:
667:
656:Please help
651:verification
648:
624:
615:
607:
603:
599:
592:and several
583:
574:
569:Magic Circle
565:
557:
542:
524:
515:
498:
484:
475:
473:
470:
455:
446:
435:Please help
430:verification
427:
404:
396:
393:
388:
387:Law clerks (
386:
377:
362:
353:
342:Please help
337:verification
334:
309:
307:
299:
290:
288:
248:
208:
205:
185:
170:
152:
140:
136:
114:
98:
94:court clerks
90:legal clerks
65:
61:
57:
55:
52:in Jerusalem
3027:James Chace
2959:December 1,
2782:Reuters.com
2514:(in Polish)
2478:19 February
2452:19 February
2426:19 February
2256:14 December
2226:January 18,
2134:Kian Ganz.
1680:James Chace
1676:Horace Gray
1640:- may hire
1398:Byron White
1385:Elena Kagan
1340:Byron White
1327:trial court
1324:state-level
1289:Byron White
1085:South Korea
868:Philippines
775:New Zealand
553:Geoffrey Ma
257:and at the
225:and former
78:researching
36:Court clerk
32:Legal clerk
3215:Law clerks
3209:Categories
2857:2009-02-22
2401:2017-02-15
2246:The Nation
2203:2022-07-20
2183:2022-07-20
2178:"Griffier"
1941:2014-07-16
1826:2018-02-03
1718:References
1698:Exceptions
1501:moot court
1493:law review
1484:See also:
1310:moot court
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