466:
300:
846:
773:
481:
415:
86:
434:
208:
61:
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42:
366:. It measures 55–72 cm (22–28 in) in length with a 142 to 170 cm (56 to 67 in) wingspan. Weight can vary from 0.96–2.1 kg (2.1–4.6 lb), with an average of 1.6 kg (3.5 lb) in males and 1.22 kg (2.7 lb) in females. Among standard measurements, the
374:
is 6.5 to 8.4 cm (2.6 to 3.3 in). Summer adults are unmistakable, since no other gull of this size has a black hood. The adults have grey wings and back, with conspicuous white "mirrors" at the wing tips. The legs are yellow and the bill is orangey-yellow with a red tip.
792:
1674:
554:
Pons, J.M.; Hassanin, A.; Crochet, P.A. (2005). "Phylogenetic relationships within the
Laridae (Charadriiformes: Aves) inferred from mitochondrial markers".
465:
342:
a recent review left a single occurrence in 1859 as the only acceptable record of this bird. The species also occurs as a vagrant in differing parts of the
1739:
1558:
358:
This is a very large gull, being easily the world's largest black-headed gull and the third largest species of gull in the world, after the
1845:
1865:
596:
1726:
1493:
1752:
1532:
414:
1791:
734:
709:
604:
1757:
1537:
590:
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1506:
684:
629:
1409:
17:
1511:
1860:
1817:
1563:
1718:
1700:
873:
762:
433:
480:
1855:
1778:
1545:
1630:
779:
382:
cry. Young birds attain largely grey upperparts quite rapidly, but they take four years to reach maturity.
378:
In all other plumages, a dark mask through the eye indicates the vestiges of the hood. The call is a deep
370:
is 43.5 to 52 cm (17.1 to 20.5 in), the bill is 4.7 to 7.3 cm (1.9 to 2.9 in) and the
85:
820:
532:
1822:
1436:
1048:
784:
391:
1809:
1085:
971:
359:
1744:
1648:
1371:
1354:
1277:
1770:
1018:
1013:
180:
1576:
810:
299:
1850:
1653:
1480:
1418:
1282:
981:
367:
1423:
753:
8:
1589:
1336:
1216:
1211:
866:
50:
845:
772:
509:
1221:
1176:
1130:
1095:
1023:
991:
946:
673:
394:. Although they are noisy at colonies, Pallas's gulls are mostly silent when breeding.
269:
species. As is the case with many gulls, it has traditionally been placed in the genus
235:
197:
80:
1661:
1571:
1454:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1181:
1090:
1053:
1043:
956:
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931:
730:
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571:
453:
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These birds are predatory, taking fish, crustaceans, insects and even small mammals.
371:
324:
1679:
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1318:
1186:
1006:
961:
886:
798:
563:
527:
421:
1446:
1705:
1616:
1165:
1151:
1075:
966:
936:
622:
Field Guide to the Birds of East Africa: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi
137:
1783:
1550:
837:
567:
1713:
1257:
859:
390:
This bird has a deep, rather nasal flight-call which resembles the call of the
316:
1839:
1765:
1394:
1125:
1038:
996:
518:
363:
339:
320:
276:
70:
65:
1692:
1170:
1120:
1028:
1001:
986:
926:
575:
343:
851:
827:
346:, south of its normal range, and along the northern and eastern coasts of
1804:
1519:
1403:
1239:
1191:
1160:
1111:
1100:
1066:
951:
805:
157:
1640:
1731:
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1498:
1300:
1080:
814:
207:
1524:
402:
Agreement on the
Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds
1268:
1140:
1135:
1033:
976:
307:
This species breeds in colonies in marshes and islands from southern
97:
41:
1472:
1365:
1610:
1388:
1349:
646:
440:
331:. This gull nests on the ground, laying between two and four eggs.
312:
117:
1485:
1431:
904:
472:
425:
147:
1796:
1625:
841:
832:
444:
347:
335:
308:
107:
1467:
917:
895:
487:
328:
271:
882:
405:
266:
127:
1034:
Vega gull (or East
Siberian gull / Mongolian gull)
400:
The Pallas's gull is one of the species to which the
553:
672:
350:, where it visits annually on an irregular basis.
619:
533:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22694379A38839205.en
1837:
908:(† indicates a species confirmed to be extinct)
867:
507:
671:Olsen, Klaus Malling; Larsson, Hans (2004).
670:
613:
592:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
881:
1086:Great black-headed gull (or Pallas's gull)
874:
860:
844:
771:
206:
59:
40:
1512:great-black-headed-gull-larus-ichthyaetus
675:Gulls: of North America, Europe, and Asia
620:Stevenson, Terry; Fanshawe, John (2001).
531:
699:
638:
298:
724:
693:
666:
664:
588:
556:Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution
547:
14:
1838:
1187:Grey-headed gull (or grey-hooded gull)
1370:
1369:
855:
793:Great black-headed gull photo gallery
644:
1719:e7e2033d-44e9-4b0e-a4d1-19425dc9462d
661:
595:. London: Christopher Helm. p.
1846:IUCN Red List least concern species
519:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
501:
24:
725:Dunning, John B. Jr., ed. (1992).
718:
582:
25:
1877:
811:Audio recordings of Pallas's gull
747:
727:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses
702:Seabirds: An Identification Guide
1866:Taxa named by Peter Simon Pallas
508:Butchart, S.; Symes, A. (2012).
479:
464:
452:
432:
413:
84:
828:Field Guide: Birds of the World
780:"Great black-headed gull media"
754:BirdLife species factsheet for
294:
679:. Princeton University Press.
353:
275:. The scientific name is from
13:
1:
704:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
494:
795:at VIREO (Drexel University)
7:
568:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.011
319:, wintering in the eastern
10:
1882:
385:
1600:
1378:
1345:
1327:
1309:
1291:
1266:
1248:
1230:
1149:
1109:
1064:
915:
894:
799:Interactive range map of
763:"Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus"
589:Jobling, James A (2010).
241:
234:
214:
205:
186:
179:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
1049:Lesser black-backed gull
977:Kelp gull (or Cape gull)
785:Internet Bird Collection
700:Harrison, Peter (1991).
526:: e.T22694379A38839205.
392:lesser black-backed gull
1861:Birds described in 1773
1590:Ichthyaetus-ichthyaetus
1410:Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus
1380:Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus
972:Great black-backed gull
360:great black-backed gull
263:great black-headed gull
258:Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus
190:Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus
1355:Hybridisation in gulls
1278:Black-legged kittiwake
338:only as a vagrant. In
304:
1856:Birds of Central Asia
1019:American herring gull
1014:European herring gull
471:adult with juvenile,
334:It occurs in western
302:
261:), also known as the
1714:Fauna Europaea (new)
1283:Red-legged kittiwake
982:Glaucous-winged gull
624:. Elsevier Science.
1337:Swallow-tailed gull
1212:Slender-billed gull
649:. Birds in Bulgaria
647:"Birds in Bulgaria"
645:Panayotov, Sergey.
172:I. ichthyaetus
51:Conservation status
1096:Mediterranean gull
1024:Yellow-legged gull
992:Yellow-footed gull
806:IUCN Red List maps
439:Adult with chick,
305:
229: Non-breeding
1833:
1832:
1680:larus-ichthyaetus
1631:larus-ichthyaetus
1602:Larus ichthyaetus
1572:Open Tree of Life
1424:Larus_ichthyaetus
1372:Taxon identifiers
1363:
1362:
1350:Gull eggs as food
1207:Black-headed gull
1202:Brown-headed gull
1197:Black-billed gull
1182:Brown-hooded gull
1044:Slaty-backed gull
957:Short-billed gull
942:Black-tailed gull
838:Pallas's gull
822:Larus ichthyaetus
801:Larus ichthyaetus
756:Larus ichthyaetus
736:978-0-8493-4258-5
711:978-0-395-60291-1
606:978-1-4081-2501-4
512:Larus ichthyaetus
250:
249:
244:Larus ichthyaetus
74:
18:Larus ichthyaetus
16:(Redirected from
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1826:
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1786:
1784:NHMSYS0000530431
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1551:NHMSYS0021274091
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1399:
1398:
1397:
1367:
1366:
1217:Bonaparte's gull
962:Ring-billed gull
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486:First-winter in
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420:Egg, collection
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1387:
1374:
1364:
1359:
1341:
1323:
1305:
1287:
1262:
1244:
1226:
1222:Saunders's gull
1177:Hartlaub's gull
1166:Red-billed gull
1152:Chroicocephalus
1145:
1131:Franklin's gull
1105:
1076:White-eyed gull
1060:
967:California gull
947:Heermann's gull
911:
890:
880:
778:
761:
750:
745:
744:
737:
723:
719:
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138:Charadriiformes
83:
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28:
27:Species of bird
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5:
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1555:
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1516:
1503:
1490:
1477:
1464:
1451:
1441:
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1415:
1400:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1375:
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1358:
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1234:
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1225:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
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1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1168:
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1155:
1147:
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1144:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1091:Audouin's gull
1088:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1054:Heuglin's gull
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1009:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
932:Belcher's gull
929:
923:
921:
913:
912:
910:
909:
900:
898:
892:
891:
879:
878:
871:
864:
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749:
748:External links
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692:
686:978-0691119977
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631:978-0856610790
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562:(3): 686–699.
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296:
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287:, "fish", and
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223: Breeding
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217:I. ichthyaetus
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35:Pallas's gull
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1351:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1319:Sabine's gull
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
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1156:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1126:Laughing gull
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
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1082:
1079:
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1069:
1068:
1063:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1039:Armenian gull
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1007:Thayer's gull
1005:
1004:
1003:
1000:
998:
997:Glaucous gull
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
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973:
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965:
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729:. CRC Press.
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1250:Rhodostethia
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1232:Hydrocoloeus
1231:
1171:Huahine gull
1150:
1121:Dolphin gull
1110:
1065:
1029:Caspian gull
1002:Iceland gull
987:Western gull
937:Olrog's gull
927:Pacific gull
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1851:Ichthyaetus
1805:SeaLifeBase
1520:iNaturalist
1404:Wikispecies
1258:Ross's gull
1240:Little gull
1192:Andean gull
1161:Silver gull
1112:Leucophaeus
1101:Relict gull
1067:Ichthyaetus
952:Common gull
840:media from
539:20 February
408:) applies.
354:Description
291:, "eagle".
281:Ichthyaetus
159:Ichthyaetus
1840:Categories
1585:Xeno-canto
1301:Ivory gull
1081:Sooty gull
889:: Laridae)
815:Xeno-canto
653:19 October
495:References
368:wing chord
1617:Q25652653
1293:Pagophila
1141:Grey gull
1136:Lava gull
317:migratory
215:Range of
166:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
1771:22694379
1745:10188790
1654:22694379
1649:BirdLife
1638:BioLib:
1611:Wikidata
1486:45513592
1389:Wikidata
1329:Creagrus
576:16054399
459:juvenile
441:Kalmykia
362:and the
315:. It is
313:Mongolia
303:at Kutch
283:is from
236:Synonyms
144:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
1732:2481155
1499:8028588
1473:gbhgul2
1447:gbhgul2
1432:Avibase
1395:Q476356
905:Species
767:Avibase
473:Romania
426:Germany
386:Ecology
285:ikhthus
200:, 1773)
154:Genus:
148:Laridae
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
1823:212627
1797:212627
1758:176855
1701:EURING
1626:ARKive
1577:993037
1564:126702
1538:824068
1525:144521
887:family
842:ARKive
833:Flickr
733:
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603:
574:
445:Russia
372:tarsus
348:Africa
336:Europe
325:Arabia
309:Russia
227:
221:
198:Pallas
1818:WoRMS
1810:75087
1740:IRMNG
1693:12019
1688:EUNIS
1667:3SBQH
1468:eBird
1460:6N5PH
1444:BOW:
1269:Rissa
918:Larus
896:Genus
883:Gulls
488:India
380:aargh
329:India
289:aetos
272:Larus
1792:OBIS
1766:IUCN
1753:ITIS
1727:GBIF
1706:5730
1641:8688
1559:NCBI
1533:ITIS
1494:GBIF
1311:Xema
731:ISBN
706:ISBN
681:ISBN
655:2011
626:ISBN
601:ISBN
572:PMID
541:2022
524:2012
406:AEWA
327:and
267:bird
128:Aves
1779:NBN
1675:CMS
1662:CoL
1546:NBN
1507:IBC
1481:EoL
1455:CoL
1419:ADW
831:on
825:in
813:on
804:at
597:224
564:doi
528:doi
311:to
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