2281:
2042:, which is plugged into a wall outlet. The power supply outputs a DC voltage typically in the range of 7.2—24 volts. The power supply is usually external and connected to the laptop through a DC connector cable. In most cases, it can charge the battery and power the laptop simultaneously. When the battery is fully charged, the laptop continues to run on power supplied by the external power supply, avoiding battery use. If the used power supply is not strong enough to power computing components and charge the battery simultaneously, the battery may charge in a shorter period of time if the laptop is turned off or sleeping. The charger typically adds about 400 grams (0.88 lb) to the overall transporting weight of a laptop, although some models are substantially heavier or lighter. Most 2016-era laptops use a
2568:
339:
2609:
laptop starts to overheat even at idle load levels. This dust is usually stuck inside where the fan and heat sink meet, where it can not be removed by a casual cleaning and vacuuming. Most of the time, compressed air can dislodge the dust and debris but may not entirely remove it. After the device is turned on, the loose debris is reaccumulated into the cooling system by the fans. Complete disassembly is usually required to clean the laptop entirely. However, preventative maintenance such as regular cleaning of the heat sink via compressed air can prevent dust build-up on the heat sink. Many laptops are difficult to disassemble by the average user and contain components that are sensitive to
2623:, eventually warranting replacement after as little as 2–3 years. A new battery typically stores enough energy to run the laptop for five to six hours or more, depending on usage and the battery size. The battery is often easily replaceable and a higher capacity model may be obtained for longer charging and discharging time. Some laptops do not have the usual removable battery and have to be brought to the service center of their manufacturer or a third-party laptop service center to have their battery replaced. Replacement batteries can also be expensive, depending on the availability of the parts. Desktop PC's do not face similar problems since they are reliant on long lasting
1202:
772:
2581:
1745:
2304:
789:
2150:) is a laptop accessory that contains multiple ports and in some cases expansion slots or bays for fixed or removable drives. A laptop connects and disconnects to a docking station, typically through a single large proprietary connector. A docking station is an especially popular laptop accessory in a corporate computing environment, due to a possibility of a docking station transforming a laptop into a full-featured desktop replacement, yet allowing for its easy release. This ability can be advantageous to "
2063:
1713:
741:
1214:
1607:(SSD) have gradually come to supplant hard drives in all but some inexpensive consumer models. Solid-state drives are faster and more power-efficient, as well as eliminating the hazard of drive and data corruption caused by a laptop's physical impacts, as they use no mechanical parts such as a rotational platter. In many cases, they are more compact as well. Initially, in the late 2000s, SSDs were substantially more expensive than HDDs, but as of 2021 prices on smaller capacity (under 1
2437:
562:
446:
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581:), and color screens started becoming a common upgrade in 1991, with increases in resolution and screen size occurring frequently until the introduction of 17" screen laptops in 2003. Hard drives started to be used in portables, encouraged by the introduction of 3.5" drives in the late 1980s, and became common in laptops starting with the introduction of 2.5" and smaller drives around 1990; capacities have typically lagged behind those of physically larger desktop drives.
815:
7160:
3504:
1729:
385:
826:
718:
2135:
1992:
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2032:; a noticeable reduction in capacity is typically evident after two to three years of regular use, depending on the charging and discharging pattern and the design of the battery. Innovations in laptops and batteries have seen situations in which the battery can provide up to 24 hours of continued operation, assuming average power consumption levels. An example is the HP EliteBook 6930p when used with its ultra-capacity battery.
47:
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blocked, such as when the device is placed on a soft conforming surface like a chair cushion. Secondary device temperature monitoring may reduce performance or trigger an emergency shutdown if it is unable to dissipate heat, such as if the laptop were to be left running and placed inside a carrying case. Aftermarket cooling pads with external fans can be used with laptops to reduce operating temperatures.
729:
430:
800:
2755:
2272:, a device that helps lower the internal temperature of the laptop either actively or passively. A common active method involves using electric fans to draw heat away from the laptop, while a passive method might involve propping the laptop up on some type of pad so it can receive more airflow. Some stores sell laptop pads that enable a reclining person on a bed to use a laptop.
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afterward), and every user account of the operating system are additional security measures that a user should do. Fewer than 5% of lost or stolen laptops are recovered by the companies that own them, however, that number may decrease due to a variety of companies and software solutions specializing in laptop recovery. In the 2010s, the common availability of
2500:: Laptops are several times more power-efficient than desktops. A typical laptop uses 10–100 W, compared to 200–800W for desktops. This could be particularly beneficial for large businesses, which run hundreds of personal computers thus economies of scale, and homes where there is a computer running 24/7 (such as a home media server, print server, etc.).
1696:(BD), were nearly universal on full-sized models between the mid-1990s and the early 2010s. As of 2021, drives are uncommon in compact or premium laptops; they remain available in some bulkier models, but the trend towards thinner and lighter machines is gradually eliminating these drives and players – when needed they can be connected via USB instead.
2455:: Using a laptop in places where a desktop PC cannot be used can help employees and students to increase their productivity on work or school tasks, such as an office worker reading their work e-mails during an hour-long commute by train, or a student doing their homework at the university coffee shop during a break between lectures, for example.
1784:, or both, are used to control the position of the cursor on the screen, and an integrated keyboard is used for typing. Some touchpads have buttons separate from the touch surface, while others share the surface. A quick double-tap is typically registered as a click, and operating systems may recognize multi-finger touch gestures.
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costly repair or entire replacement of laptops. One study found that a laptop is three times more likely to break during the first year of use than a desktop. To maintain a laptop, it is recommended to clean it every three months for dirt, debris, dust, and food particles. Most cleaning kits consist of a lint-free or
1452:). Between around 2000 to 2014, most full-size laptops had socketed, replaceable CPUs; on thinner models, the CPU was soldered on the motherboard and was not replaceable or upgradable without replacing the motherboard. Since 2015, Intel has not offered new laptop CPU models with pins to be interchangeable, preferring
902:. All of these terms have fallen out of favor as the size of mainstream laptops has gone down and their capabilities have gone up; except for niche models, laptop sizes tend to be distinguished by the size of the screen, and for more powerful models, by any specialized purpose the machine is intended for, such as a "
2523:: designed to be portable, most modern laptops have all components integrated into the chassis. For desktops (excluding all-in-ones) this is usually divided into the desktop "tower" (the unit with the CPU, hard drive, power supply, etc.), keyboard, mouse, display screen, and optional peripherals such as speakers.
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generally made out of steel, and the laptops remain locked up while not in use. Although the trolleys can be moved between areas from one classroom to another, they can often be mounted or locked to the floor, support pillars, or walls to prevent thieves from stealing the laptops, especially overnight.
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There are many laptop brands and manufacturers. Several major brands that offer notebooks in various classes are listed in the adjacent box. The major brands usually offer good service and support, including well-executed documentation and driver downloads that remain available for many years after a
2212:
who steal high-value items. Laptops, netbooks, and tablets are among the highest–value portable items in a school. Moreover, laptops can easily be concealed under clothing and stolen from buildings. Many types of laptop–charging trolleys are designed and constructed to protect against theft. They are
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When upgradeable, memory slots are sometimes accessible from the bottom of the laptop for ease of upgrading; in other cases, accessing them requires significant disassembly. Most laptops have two memory slots, although some will have only one, either for cost savings or because some amount of memory
557:
was driven in the 1980s by the need for a floppy-disk-drive alternative, having lower power consumption, less weight, and reduced volume in laptops. The
Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) was an industry association created in 1989 to promote a standard for memory cards
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by the general public but needed modifications are made to allow them to be used safely and effectively in a weightless environment such as updating the cooling systems to function without relying on hot air rising and accommodation for the lower cabin air pressure. Laptops operating in harsh usage
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to humans. Although these toxins are relatively harmless when the laptop is in use, concerns that discarded laptops cause a serious health and environmental risks when improperly discarded have arisen. The Waste
Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive) in Europe specified that
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at risk. The study, which included roughly two dozen men between the ages of 21 and 35, found that the sitting position required to balance a laptop can increase scrotum temperature by as much as 2.1 °C (4 °F). However, further research is needed to determine whether this directly affects
2588:
Because of their portability, laptops are subject to more wear and physical damage than desktops, additionally hindered by their integrated nature. A liquid spill onto the keyboard, while a minor issue with a desktop system, can damage the internals of a laptop and destroy the computer, result in a
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The majority of laptops released in 2022 are capable of common tasks such as web browsing, video playback, and office applications, even at the low end. That said, performance of desktops often surpass comparably priced laptops. The upper limits of performance of laptops remain lower than desktops,
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For the low price and mainstream performance, there is no longer a significant performance difference between laptop and desktop CPUs, but at the high end, the fastest desktop CPUs still substantially outperform the fastest laptop processors, at the expense of massively higher power consumption and
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Many brands, including the major ones, do not design and do not manufacture their laptops. Instead, a small number of
Original Design Manufacturers (ODMs) design new models of laptops, and the brands choose the models to be included in their lineup. In 2006, 7 major ODMs manufactured 7 of every 10
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at the same time. The trolleys are used in schools that have replaced their traditional static computer labs suites of desktop equipped with "tower" computers, but do not have enough plug sockets in an individual classroom to charge all of the devices. The trolleys can be wheeled between rooms and
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Corporate laptop recycling can require an additional process known as data destruction. The data destruction process ensures that all information or data that has been stored on a laptop hard drive can never be retrieved again. Below is an overview of some of the data protection and environmental
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A common practical solution to this problem is to place the laptop on a table or desk or to use a book or pillow between the body and the laptop. Another solution is to obtain a cooling unit for the laptop. These are usually USB powered and consist of a hard thin plastic case housing one, two, or
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The upgradeability of laptops is very limited compared to thoroughly standardized desktops, due to technical and economic reasons. In general, hard drives and memory can be upgraded easily. Due to the integrated nature of laptops, however, the motherboard, CPU, and graphics, are seldom officially
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is usually the first feature mentioned in any comparison of laptops versus desktop PCs. Physical portability allows a laptop to be used in many places—not only at home and the office but also during commuting and flights, in coffee shops, in lecture halls and libraries, at clients' locations or a
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to rapidly move waste heat towards the edges of the device, to allow for a much smaller and compact fan and heat sink cooling system. Waste heat is usually exhausted away from the device operator towards the rear or sides of the device. Multiple air intake paths are used since some intakes can be
1633:
As of 2022, many laptops no longer contain space for a 2.5" drive, accepting only M.2 cards; a few of the smallest have storage soldered to the motherboard. For those that can, they can typically contain a single 2.5-inch drive, but a small number of laptops with a screen wider than 15 inches can
2681:
have been engineered to help people locate and recover their stolen laptops in the event of theft. Setting one's laptop with a password on its firmware (protection against going to firmware setup or booting), internal HDD/SSD (protection against accessing it and loading an operating system on it
2608:
that can fail from blockage caused by accumulated airborne dust and debris. Most laptops do not have any type of removable dust collection filter over the air intake for these cooling systems, resulting in a system that gradually conducts more heat and noise as the years pass. In some cases, the
2723:
A laptop's integrated screen often requires users to lean over for a better view, which can cause neck or spinal injuries. A larger and higher-quality external screen can be connected to almost any laptop to alleviate this and to provide additional screen space for more productive work. Another
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In the past, some laptops have used a desktop processor instead of the laptop version and have had high-performance gains at the cost of greater weight, heat, and limited battery life; this is not unknown as of 2022, but since around 2010, the practice has been restricted to small-volume gaming
1355:
As of 2021, mainstream consumer laptops tend to come with 11", 13" or 15"-16" screens; 14" models are more popular among business machines. Larger and smaller models are available, but less common – there is no clear dividing line in minimum or maximum size. Machines small enough to be handheld
3392:, this involves the physical separation of the components of the laptop. These components are then either grouped into materials (e.g. plastic, metal and glass) for recycling or more complex items that require more advanced materials separation (e.g.) circuit boards, hard drives and batteries.
1364:
Having a higher resolution display allows more items to fit onscreen at a time, improving the user's ability to multitask, although at the higher resolutions on smaller screens, the resolution may only serve to display sharper graphics and text rather than increasing the usable area. Since the
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2085:
Some connector heads feature a center pin to allow the end device to determine the power supply type by measuring the resistance between it and the connector's negative pole (outer surface). Vendors may block charging if a power supply is not recognized as original part, which could deny the
3293:
Battery-powered portable computers had just 2% worldwide market share in 1986. However, laptops have become increasingly popular, both for business and personal use. Around 109 million notebook PCs shipped worldwide in 2007, a growth of 33% compared to 2006. In 2008 it was estimated that
1124:
A rugged laptop is designed to reliably operate in harsh usage conditions such as strong vibrations, extreme temperatures, and wet or dusty environments. Rugged laptops are bulkier, heavier, and much more expensive than regular laptops, and thus are seldom seen in regular consumer use.
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found that men who kept their laptops on their laps experienced scrotal hyperthermia (overheating) in which their scrotal temperatures increased by up to 2.0 °C (4 °F). The resulting heat increase, which could not be offset by a laptop cushion, may increase male infertility.
1241:, but many laptops use processors that are soldered to the motherboard. Many laptops come with RAM and storage that is soldered to the motherboard and cannot be easily replaced. This restriction is one of the major differences between laptops and desktop computers, because the large "
2291:
Some of the components of recent models of laptops reside inside. Replacing most of its components, such as keyboard, battery, hard disk, memory modules, CPU cooling fan, etc., requires removal of its either top or bottom part, removal of the motherboard, and returning them.
1236:
In general, laptop components are not intended to be replaceable or upgradable by the end-user, except for components that can be detached; in the past, batteries and optical drives were commonly exchangeable. Some laptops feature socketed processors with sockets such as the
2651:, breach of privacy), can be many times the value of the stolen laptop itself. Consequently, the physical protection of laptops and the safeguarding of data contained on them are both of great importance. Some laptops, primarily professional and educational devices, have a
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depend on dedicated DC connectors to handle currents beyond 5 A without risking overheating, some even above 10 A. Additionally, dedicated DC connectors are more durable and less prone to wear and tear from frequent reconnection, as their design is less delicate.
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has advanced power-saving features and produces less heat than one intended purely for desktop use. Mainstream laptop CPUs made after 2018 have at least two processor cores, often four cores, and sometimes more, with 6 and 8 cores becoming more common.
1464:; most use locked processors. Even on gaming models where unlocked processors are available, the cooling system in most laptops is often very close to its limits and there is rarely headroom for an overclocking–related operating temperature increase.
844:), hard distinctions between these classes were rare, and their usage has varied over time and between sources. Since the late 2010s, more specific terms have become less commonly used, with sizes distinguished largely by the size of the screen.
1955:. Some internal subsystems such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi, or a wireless cellular modem can be implemented as replaceable internal expansion cards, usually accessible under an access cover on the bottom of the laptop. The standard for such cards is
3822:
1503:
graphics, but the capabilities of CPU-integrated graphics have converged with the low-end of dedicated graphics processors since the mid-2010s. For laptops possessing limited onboard graphics capability but sufficient I/O throughput, an
258:
components and capabilities of a desktop computer into a single unit, including a display screen (usually 11–17 in or 280–430 mm in diagonal size), small speakers, a keyboard, and a pointing device (namely compact ones such as
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A common accessory for laptops is a laptop sleeve, laptop skin, or laptop case, which provides a degree of protection from scratches. Sleeves, which are distinguished by being relatively thin and flexible, are most commonly made of
5831:
1561:
is mounted, although, as of 2021, an increasing number of models use memory soldered to the motherboard, either alongside SO-DIMM slots or without any slots and soldering all memory to the motherboard, but a new form factor, the
318:, mostly for specialized field applications, such as in the military, for accountants, or traveling sales representatives. As portable computers evolved into modern laptops, they became widely used for a variety of purposes.
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2268:. Bulkier and sturdier cases can be made of metal with polyurethane padding inside and may have locks for added security. Metal, padded cases also offer protection against impacts and drops. Another common accessory is a
1860:
or occasionally more than one), an audio in/out port (often in form of a single socket) is common. It is possible to connect up to three external displays to a 2014-era laptop via a single Mini
DisplayPort, using
2154:" employees who have to travel frequently for work, and yet who also come into the office. If more ports are needed, or their position on a laptop is inconvenient, one can use a cheaper passive device known as a
2559:
for laptops; Moreover, starting with 2013 models, laptops have become increasingly integrated (soldered) with the motherboard for most of its components (CPU, SSD, RAM, etc.) to reduce size and upgradeability
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replacing hard drives) and to less heat production leading to the use of fewer, sometimes no cooling fans. The latter has given rise to laptops that have no moving parts, resulting in complete silence during
2494:: Laptops are smaller than desktop PCs. This is beneficial when space is at a premium, for example in small apartments and student dorms. When not in use, a laptop can be closed and put away in a desk drawer.
2692:(Eastern District of Pennsylvania 2010), school-issued laptops loaded with special software enabled staff from two high schools to take secret webcam shots of students at home, via their students' laptops.
2593:
cloth for the screen and keyboard, compressed air for getting dust out of the cooling fan, and a cleaning solution. Harsh chemicals such as bleach should not be used to clean a laptop, as they can damage
1356:(screens in the 6–8" range) can be marketed either as very small laptops or "handheld PCs", while the distinction between the largest laptops and "All-in-One" desktops is whether they fold for travel.
2766:
three cooling fans – with the entire assembly designed to sit under the laptop in question – which results in the laptop remaining cool to the touch, and greatly reduces laptop heat buildup.
3298:, with 38.6 million units versus 38.5 million units. Due to the advent of tablets and affordable laptops, many computer users now have laptops due to the convenience offered by the device.
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placed directly on the components to be cooled, but when these hot components are deep inside the device, a large space-wasting air duct is needed to exhaust the heat. Modern laptops instead rely on
978:
are devices with the ability to conceal a hardware keyboard. Keyboards on such devices can be flipped, rotated, or slid behind the back of the chassis, thus transforming from a laptop into a tablet.
602:
drives with writing capability. Starting around 2011, the trend shifted against internal optical drives, and as of 2022, they have largely disappeared, though are still readily available as external
3830:
2288:
Some of the components of earlier models of laptops can easily be replaced without opening completely its bottom part, such as keyboard, battery, hard disk, memory modules, CPU cooling fan, etc.
1887:, shows a similar transition trend towards USB-C, although keeping older USB Type-A ports for a better compatibility with older devices. Although being common until the end of the 2000s decade,
3294:
145.9 million notebooks were sold, and that the number would grow in 2009 to 177.7 million. The third quarter of 2008 was the first time when worldwide notebook PC shipments exceeded
5663:
1951:
slot for expansion was often present on laptops to allow adding and removing functionality, even when the laptop is powered on; these are becoming increasingly rare since the introduction of
693:
in 1988. Notebooks and laptops continued to occupy distinct market segments into the mid-1990s, but ergonomic considerations and customer preference for larger screens soon led to notebooks
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card slot. This enables users to download digital pictures from an SD card onto a laptop, thus enabling them to delete the SD card's contents to free up space for taking new pictures.
3531:. Apple and other laptop computers continue to be flown aboard crewed spaceflights, though the only long-duration flight certified computer for the International Space Station is the
1261:, and other components can be added. Memory and storage can often be upgraded with some disassembly, but with the most compact laptops, there may be no upgradeable components at all.
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Since around 1990, where a hard drive is present it will typically be a 2.5-inch drive; some very compact laptops support even smaller 1.8-inch HDDs, and a very small number used 1"
1545:
feature a unified pool of memory for both the system and the GPU; this approach can produce substantial efficiency gains for some applications but comes at the cost of eGPU support.
1009:
2-in-1s are often very thin, around 10 millimetres (0.39 in), and light devices with a long battery life. 2-in-1s are distinguished from mainstream tablets as they feature an
138:
on the inside of the lower lid. Most of the computer's internal hardware is fitted inside the lower lid enclosure under the keyboard, although many modern laptops have a built-in
3257:
particular laptop model is no longer produced. Capitalizing on service, support, and brand image, laptops from major brands are more expensive than laptops by smaller brands and
5634:
2517:: a charged laptop can continue to be used in case of a power outage and is not affected by short power interruptions and blackouts, an issue that is present with desktop PC's.
1511:
Higher-end laptops intended for gaming or professional 3D work still come with dedicated (and in some cases even dual) graphics processors on the motherboard or as an internal
2101:
and data transfer. Its support for 20 V (common laptop power supply voltage) and 5 A typically suffices for low to mid-end laptops, but some with higher power demands such as
5132:
278:
Design elements, form factors, and construction can also vary significantly between models depending on the intended use. Examples of specialized models of laptops include
1373:) displays; as of 2022, this is generally considered to be anything higher than 1920 pixels wide. This has increasingly converged around 4K (3840-pixel-wide) resolutions.
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researchers found that heat generated from laptops can increase the temperature of the lap of male users when balancing the computer on their lap, potentially putting
2054:(BMS). The smart battery can internally measure voltage and current, and deduce charge level and State of Health (SoH) parameters, indicating the state of the cells.
1421:
heat generation; the fastest laptop processors top out at 56 watts of heat, while the fastest desktop processors top out at 150 watts (and often need water cooling).
1577:
is soldered. Some high-end models have four slots; these are usually mobile engineering workstations, although a few high-end models intended for gaming do as well.
5360:"Samsung's Solar Powered Laptop Will Be First Sun Powered Laptop Sold in US | Inhabitat – Sustainable Design Innovation, Eco Architecture, Green Building"
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Laptops are less durable than desktops/PCs. However, the durability of the laptop depends on the user if proper maintenance is done then the laptop can work longer.
5591:
3535:. As of 2011, over 100 ThinkPads were aboard the ISS. Laptops used aboard the International Space Station and other spaceflights are generally the same ones that
1704:
Laptops are usually have built-in speakers and built-in microphones. However, integrated speakers may be small and of restricted sound quality to conserve space.
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1931:
uses USB-C. Laptops typically have a headphone jack, so that the user can connect headphones or amplified speaker systems for listening to music or other audio.
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1821:
Laptops typically have USB ports and a combined headphone/microphone jack, for use with headphones, a combined headset, or an external mic. Many laptops have a
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at U.S. retail stores in August 2008. Starting with the 2010s, laptops have decreased substantially in price at the low end due to inexpensive and low power
4998:
3540:
environments and conditions, such as strong vibrations, extreme temperatures, and wet or dusty conditions differ from those used in space in that they are
2449:
meeting room, etc. Within a home, portability enables laptop users to move their devices from room to room. Portability offers several distinct advantages:
1580:
As of 2021, 8 GB RAM is most common, with lower-end models occasionally having 4 GB. Higher-end laptops may come with 16 GB of RAM or more.
1404:
700G7A, both released in 2011, were among the first laptops to feature a 120 Hz refresh rate, and more such laptops have appeared in the years since.
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6305:
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1336:
In the past, there was a broader range of marketing terms (both formal and informal) to distinguish between different sizes of laptops. These included
251:
that was smaller and lighter than mainstream laptops of the time, but has since come to mean the same thing and no longer refers to any specific size.
2239:
laptop with these features. The OLPC XO-3 can operate with 2 watts of electricity because its renewable energy resources generate a total of 4 watts.
6136:
5659:
3285:) having 30% of the world market share. Therefore, identical models are available both from a major label and from a low-profile ODM in-house brand.
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or similar that prevents the use of the device without credentials. As of 2015, some laptops also have additional security elements added, including
1264:
The following sections summarizes the differences and distinguishing features of laptop components in comparison to desktop personal computer parts.
1233:
of laptops limit the maximum performance of laptop parts compared to that of desktop components, although that difference has increasingly narrowed.
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from the operation is difficult to remove in the compact internal space of a laptop. The earliest laptops used passive cooling; this gave way to
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3853:
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2461:: Using a single laptop prevents fragmentation of files across multiple PC's as the files exist in a single location and are always up-to-date.
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6085:
2713:
and pointing devices is recommended to prevent injury when working for long periods of time; they can be connected to a laptop easily by USB,
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4212:
3231:
1566:, is slated to fix the size and timing limitation. Before 2000, most laptops used proprietary memory modules if their memory was upgradable.
940:
in the portable computer industry spawned a broad range of devices, which combined features of several previously separate device types. The
2643:. Every day, over 1,600 laptops go missing from U.S. airports. The cost of stolen business or personal data, and of the resulting problems (
395:
As 8-bit CPU machines became widely accepted, the number of portables increased rapidly. The first "laptop-sized notebook computer" was the
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In some types, solder and glue are used to mount components such as RAM, storage, and batteries, making repairs additionally difficult.
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Laptop charging trolleys are also used to deter and protect against opportunistic and organized theft. Schools, especially those with
4213:"Milestones:Toshiba T1100, a Pioneering Contribution to the Development of Laptop PC, 1985 – Engineering and Technology History Wiki"
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have a keyboard detachment mechanism, and due to this feature, all critical components are situated in the part with the display.
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2655:, which can be used to tether them with a security cable and lock. In addition, modern operating systems have features such as
2584:
Laptop keyboard with its keys (except the space bar) removed, revealing crumbs, pet hair, and other detritus to be cleaned away
1971:(mSATA) functionality on PCI Express Mini or M.2 card slots allowing the use of those slots for SATA-based solid-state drives.
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5553:
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ports to a single USB-C port. This port can be used both for charging and connecting a variety of devices through the use of
1618:. Some SSDs are built to match the size/shape of a laptop hard drive, but increasingly they have been replaced with smaller
1376:
External displays can be connected to most laptops, with most models supporting at least one. The use of technology such as
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4292:
2639:
Because they are valuable, commonly used, portable, and easy to hide in a backpack or other type of bag, laptops are often
2028:
Battery life is highly variable by model and workload and can range from one hour to nearly a day. A battery's performance
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7303:
6166:
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1665:, or over a wired or wireless network to further increase space for the storage of data. Many laptops also incorporate a
840:
a variety of visually and technologically differing subclasses. Excepting distinct legal trademark around terms (notably
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on laptops (as well as on desktop computers) was physically separate from the graphics memory used by the GPU. Apple's
1505:
1293:
271:, and many also have touchscreens. Hardware specifications may vary significantly between different types, models, and
1883:
adapters. Apple has since transitioned back to using a number of different ports. Google, with its updated version of
419:
screen, a rechargeable battery, and a calculator-size printer, in a 1.6 kg (3.5 lb) chassis, the size of an
6358:
4645:
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1178:
1768:, the relatively high Ethernet socket is no longer mandatory in today's devices, as is the technically outdated VGA.
1352:; these are sometimes still used informally, although they are essentially dead in terms of manufacturer marketing.
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3558:
2318:
Features that certain early models of laptops used to have that are not available in most current laptops include:
369:". The IBM Special Computer APL Machine Portable (SCAMP) was demonstrated in 1973. This prototype was based on the
6111:
5359:
5158:
5114:
531:, were designed to use minimum power to increase battery life of portable computers and were supported by dynamic
5400:
1366:
866:
There were in the past a number of marketing categories for smaller and larger laptop computers; these included "
5969:
5727:
Yefim
Sheynkin; Robert Welliver; Andrew Winer; Farshid Hajimirzaee; Hongshik Ahn; Kyewon Lee (8 November 2010).
5006:
6180:
1160:
4818:
1384:). DisplayPort Alt Mode has been utilized to charge a laptop and provide display output over one USB-C Cable.
7680:
7164:
3808:
3655:
3629:
338:
6297:
5804:
1225:
The basic components of laptops function identically to their desktop counterparts. Traditionally they were
598:
became common in full-size laptops around 1997: initially CD-ROM drives, supplanted by CD-R, then DVD, then
6461:
5513:
3823:"U.S. Commercial Channel Computing Device Sales Set to End 2013 with Double-Digit Growth, According to NPD"
3258:
3217:
2735:
2624:
2235:
laptop which was tested and successfully operated by use of solar panels. Presently, they are designing an
1638:
1349:
891:
861:
6144:
7695:
7639:
7183:
4788:
3634:
3413:
1201:
1018:
914:
464:(HP) also produced portable computers of varying designs during this period. The first laptops using the
51:
5248:
3753:
2774:
Heat generated from using a laptop on the lap can also cause skin discoloration on the thighs known as "
6908:
5889:
Levinbook, WS.; Mallet J; Grant-Kels JM (October 2007). "Laptop computer—associated erythema ab igne".
4327:
3609:
3593:
3352:
The list of materials that go into a laptop computer is long, and many of the substances used, such as
2243:
has also designed the NC215S solar–powered notebook that will be sold commercially in the U.S. market.
2015:
1099:
779:
771:
558:
in PCs. The specification for PCMCIA type I cards, later renamed PC Cards, was first released in 1990.
2467:: A key advantage of laptops is that they almost always have integrated connectivity features such as
952:
emerged as crossover devices, which share traits of both tablets and laptops. All such devices have a
7700:
7690:
7685:
6404:
2580:
2227:
In some laptops, solar panels are able to generate enough solar power for the laptop to operate. The
2051:
1974:
1880:
1512:
1456:
chip packages which have to be soldered; and as of 2021, only a few rare models using desktop parts.
937:
694:
651:
609:
In 2021, Dell showed
Concept Luna, which is a concept for a laptop that can be easily dissassembled.
507:
From 1983 onward, several new input techniques were developed and included in laptops, including the
6264:
5832:"Study finds men who place laptop computer on lap put testicles at risk of overheating, infertility"
3862:
1499:
graphics processor were limited in their utility for gaming and professional applications involving
1094:
do not classify them as 2-in-1s, but as hybrid tablets. Similarly, a number of hybrid laptops run a
6440:
5680:
3701:
3545:
3536:
3516:
3401:
3377:
all laptop computers must be recycled by law. Similarly, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (
3098:
2706:
2652:
2547:
upgradeable. Some efforts towards industry standard parts and layouts have been attempted, such as
2151:
1849:
1837:
1642:
899:
333:
6374:
6238:
5728:
2177:, also known as laptop trolleys or laptop carts, are mobile storage containers to charge multiple
2035:
Laptops with removable batteries may support larger replacement batteries with extended capacity.
1611:) drives have converged; larger capacity drives remain more expensive than comparable-sized HDDs.
7546:
7145:
6956:
6568:
6454:
6269:
5270:
3323:
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because of their small, flat keyboard and trackpad pointing devices. Usage of separate, external
2610:
2174:
2155:
2075:
1924:
1662:
1381:
1288:
panels has risen substantially since 2020. The display interfaces with the motherboard using the
1156:
1149:
1095:
895:
792:
524:
151:
31:
17:
6781:
6375:"This Week in Apple History – August 22–31: "Welcome, IBM. Seriously", Too Late to License"
4711:
1862:
7516:
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6833:
6618:
4433:
3603:
3418:
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2198:
1281:
485:
416:
4067:
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due to mostly practical reasons, such as decreased battery life, increased size and heat, etc.
1744:
472:
was released in
Australia in 1981–82, but was not marketed internationally until 1984–85. The
7450:
7323:
7318:
7128:
7101:
6961:
6923:
6866:
6690:
5836:
5382:
3676:
2548:
2506:: Laptops are typically much quieter than desktops, due both to the components (often silent
2023:
2007:
1960:
131:
5917:
5726:
5526:
5202:
4556:
4533:
3427:
1810:, which can be used to communicate with other people with both moving images and sound, via
836:
Since the 1970s introduction of portable computers, their forms have changed significantly,
7625:
7581:
7551:
7313:
7220:
6876:
6856:
6798:
6707:
6528:
6481:
5027:
Most keyboards are not illuminated. Some models of laptops feature an illuminated keyboard.
3274:
2556:
2552:
2303:
2228:
2094:
2011:
1761:
1753:
1563:
1558:
1500:
1289:
1258:
867:
853:
686:
438:
303:
295:
248:
172:
and can be folded shut for convenient storage and transportation, making them suitable for
166:
120:
70:
38:
5702:
5172:
4760:
4016:
3945:
2717:
or via a docking station. Some health standards require ergonomic keyboards at workplaces.
788:
8:
7644:
7620:
7445:
7348:
7333:
7255:
7225:
6951:
6658:
6351:
Apple confidential 2.0 : the definitive history of the world's most colorful company
4846:
4199:
4135:
4074:
3984:
3160:
2982:
2971:
2944:
1764:
2.0 (bottom right). Due to the trend towards very flat laptops and the widespread use of
1528:
1519:
demand for the higher performance dedicated graphics processor, the more power-efficient
1425:
240:
5864:
4898:"Dell refreshes Alienware M17x, Dell XPS 17 with 120Hz 3D HD screens, Sandy Bridge CPUs"
3915:
3728:
894:" laptops for machines notably larger and heavier than typical to operate more powerful
154:, laptops tend to run on desktop operating systems, which were originally developed for
7598:
7571:
7490:
7133:
7070:
6793:
6630:
6563:
6523:
6505:
6327:
6048:
5777:
3520:
2710:
2507:
2483:. Wi-Fi networks and laptop programs are especially widespread at university campuses.
2098:
1681:
965:
918:
595:
370:
327:
299:
287:
124:
6298:"SHUTTLE MISSION PUTS COMPUTERS TO THE TEST NASA makes Grid, Macintosh space-friendly"
4346:
1539:
1487:
Before that, lower-end machines tended to use graphics processors integrated into the
1064:
devices, such as a mouse, keyboard, and several external displays to a modern 2-in-1.
314:, which later developed into modern laptops, were originally considered to be a small
7265:
7250:
7121:
7075:
7049:
7036:
6971:
6702:
6685:
6613:
6533:
6354:
5898:
5758:
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5745:
5225:
4736:
4661:
4641:
4588:
4518:
4469:
4272:
3896:. Proceedings of the ACM National Conference. Boston: Xerox Palo Alto Research Center
3802:
3378:
3365:
3306:
Before 2008, laptops were very expensive. In May 2005, the average notebook sold for
2936:
2761:(silver) under laptop (white), preventing heating of lap and improving laptop airflow
2648:
2476:
2334:
1604:
1508:
can provide additional graphics power at the cost of physical space and portability.
1196:
1192:
1067:
1052:
device but also as valid desktop or laptop replacements, due to their ability to run
1049:
630:
626:
566:
378:
354:
311:
283:
197:
113:
6418:
6073:
4379:"First Look: Dell's 'Concept Luna' Targets Laptop Sustainability with Modular Parts"
1515:. Since 2011, these almost always involve switchable graphics so that when there is
1491:, while higher-end machines had a separate graphics processor. In the past, laptops
7675:
7634:
7531:
7371:
7240:
6996:
6979:
6759:
6680:
6673:
5740:
5133:"HP EliteBook 6930p Notebook PC specifications – HP Products and Services Products"
4037:
3639:
3598:
3436:
3347:
3331:
3295:
3261:. Some brands specialize in a particular class of laptops, such as gaming laptops (
3138:
2951:
2775:
1892:
1884:
1857:
1811:
1542:
1206:
1103:
1087:
1042:
1026:
995:
782:
775:
661:
532:
520:
228:
173:
155:
117:
6097:
4365:"Dell reveals Concept Luna, a radically compelling vision for sustainable laptops"
3314:. Around 2008, however, prices of laptops decreased substantially due to low-cost
504:
won acceptance by PC experts and the mass market as a way to have PC portability.
7591:
7586:
7566:
7556:
7511:
7495:
7470:
7420:
7376:
7328:
7245:
7235:
7116:
7106:
7096:
6933:
6913:
6825:
6625:
6598:
5667:
5595:
4635:
4582:
4463:
4158:
4142:
3541:
3389:
3282:
3005:
2928:
2656:
2480:
2261:
2195:
2186:
2143:
2004:
1600:
1593:
1453:
1345:
1309:
1226:
1119:
1110:
with a detachable keyboard design, which do not fall in the category of 2-in-1s.
1057:
903:
887:
879:
634:
461:
291:
162:
147:
135:
127:
5337:
3532:
2284:
Opened bottom covers allow replacement of RAM and storage modules (Lenovo G555).
1772:
An alphanumeric keyboard is used to enter text, data, and other commands (e.g.,
1689:
1476:
into the CPU to conserve power and space. This was introduced by Intel with the
550:
could only be used when connected to AC power, and had a built in power supply.
215:), refers to the fact that the computer can be practically placed on the user's
7576:
7561:
7526:
7455:
7435:
7410:
7395:
7298:
7065:
6695:
6668:
6543:
6513:
5418:
3515:
computer was used since the early days of the Space
Shuttle program. The first
3187:
3075:
2905:
2644:
2314:
card on a 1990s ThinkPad. The card would normally fully insert into the socket.
2222:
2062:
1904:
1815:
1781:
1712:
1666:
1524:
1301:
1242:
740:
638:
547:
469:
264:
78:
37:"Notebook computer" redirects here. For the specific size class of laptop, see
5279:
4609:
4194:
1213:
7669:
7430:
7381:
7260:
7080:
6891:
6848:
6776:
6717:
6608:
6603:
6548:
6518:
6489:
6446:
5754:
4761:
DĂ© specialist voor smartphone, tablet en laptop reparaties (4 January 2013).
4620:(2). Society of Management Accountants of Canada: 16–19 – via ProQuest.
3888:
3063:
2932:
2920:
2901:
2897:
2758:
2664:
2344:
2269:
2265:
2102:
2071:
2043:
2029:
1986:
1968:
1928:
1912:
1370:
1272:
The typical laptop has a screen that, when unfolded, is upright to the user.
1230:
1107:
721:
690:
588:
are 720p (HD), or 480p in lower-end laptops. The earliest-known laptops with
501:
489:
400:
279:
177:
62:
5516:, Ponemon Institute, Airport Insecurity: The Case of Lost Laptops, June 2008
5380:
5092:
2532:
Compared to desktop PCs, laptops have disadvantages in the following areas:
2194:
so that all students and teachers in a particular building can access fully
1592:
for storage, although a few used either RAM disk or tape, by the late 1980s
1369:
in 2012, there has been an increase in the availability of "HiDPI" (or high
592:(Full HD) webcams like the Samsung 700G7C were released in the early 2010s.
176:. Laptops are used in a variety of settings, such as at work (especially on
7460:
7440:
7343:
7111:
7044:
7013:
6886:
6881:
6734:
6729:
6573:
6076:, 31 January 2008, Yen Ting Chen, DigiTimes, retrieved at 12 September 2011
5902:
5762:
5598:, Ponemon Institute, The Billion Dollar Lost Laptop Problem, September 2010
5062:
3614:
3512:
3373:
3172:
3164:
3021:
2824:
2820:
2812:
2640:
2635:
2601:
2428:
2360:
2322:
Reset ("cold restart") button in a hole (needed a thin metal tool to press)
2047:
2039:
2019:
1773:
1649:
technology can be attached to virtually any laptop over such interfaces as
1488:
1461:
1393:
1297:
1071:
818:
678:
599:
477:
449:
315:
255:
169:
5610:"Lower Merion School District ordered to pay plaintiff's lawyer $ 260,000"
5466:
4497:
1891:
network port are rarely found on modern laptops, due to widespread use of
629:
in a size class smaller than the contemporary mainstream units (so-called
7415:
7353:
7293:
7206:
6871:
6803:
6642:
6635:
6558:
6538:
5782:
5573:"Hard Disk Passwords Explained: Should You Set One to Secure Your Files?"
3644:
3388:
Most laptop computers begin the recycling process with a method known as
3059:
2909:
2874:
2851:
2847:
2828:
2804:
2744:
2739:
2399:
2339:
2000:
1956:
1948:
1908:
1900:
1822:
1799:
1757:
1627:
1589:
1341:
1246:
1075:
969:
961:
953:
907:
871:
857:
733:
674:
554:
528:
493:
465:
434:
412:
396:
307:
272:
189:
143:
4393:"Dell's Concept Luna PC disassembles easily so Dell can reuse its parts"
2436:
1078:-series computers are a variant of 2-in-1 convertibles. While the older
561:
445:
426:. It was described as a "laptop" and "notebook" computer in its patent.
353:
The history of the laptop follows closely behind the development of the
7615:
7480:
7400:
7018:
7001:
6984:
6943:
6903:
6896:
5037:
4737:"Rugged Laptop: Choices, Pointers & Specs of Buying Rugged Laptops"
4578:
4170:
3959:
3588:
3578:
3503:
3396:
laws and regulations applicable for laptop recycling data destruction:
3168:
3017:
2836:
2816:
2674:
2590:
2331:
Dedicated Media buttons (Internet, Volume, Play, Pause, Next, Previous)
2191:
2114:
2018:
used in most of the earliest laptops. A few of the oldest laptops used
1920:
1868:
1807:
1802:
displays, either available as an option or standard. Most laptops have
1796:
1733:
1615:
1477:
1305:
1254:
1229:
and adapted to mobile use, The design restrictions on power, size, and
1163: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1091:
1079:
1061:
1030:
1022:
999:
883:
603:
578:
516:
512:
497:
457:
362:
357:
itself. A "personal, portable information manipulator" was imagined by
268:
193:
89:
55:
4762:
4712:"What Is a Hybrid Laptop? | Advantages & Buying Guide | Lenovo US"
4687:"Best 2-in-1 PCs in 2020 for when you need a laptop and tablet in one"
4086:
2325:
Instant power off button in a hole (needed a thin metal tool to press)
2158:. These devices mate to the connectors on the laptop, such as through
1728:
384:
7603:
7475:
7338:
7140:
7006:
6991:
6813:
6788:
5973:
4306:
4230:
4054:
3650:
3619:
3583:
3573:
3353:
3262:
3149:
3145:
3051:
2893:
2843:
2808:
2714:
2660:
2605:
2572:
2472:
2366:
2354:
2236:
2232:
2205:
2163:
2122:
2118:
1792:
1721:
1573:
have passed the 10 GB RAM barrier, featuring 16 GB of RAM.
1449:
1250:
1238:
1083:
975:
931:
841:
829:
825:
814:
807:
803:
736:, an "ultraportable" laptop weighing under 3.0 lb (1.36 kg)
717:
540:
536:
408:
181:
86:
59:
4111:
2432:
A teacher using the laptop as part of a workshop for school children
2134:
1991:
1138:
994:
respectively, but are distinguished by the ability to run a desktop
381:, appeared in September 1975, and was based on the SCAMP prototype.
7653:
7609:
7521:
7386:
6928:
6861:
6739:
6722:
6663:
6553:
3382:
3361:
3327:
3183:
3179:
3047:
3025:
2963:
2913:
2866:
2862:
2800:
2668:
2411:
2405:
2253:
2182:
1977:(MXM) is a type of expansion card that is used for graphics cards.
1916:
1888:
1777:
1749:
1737:
1717:
1654:
1608:
837:
760:
682:
508:
423:
420:
388:
374:
366:
358:
346:
342:
260:
224:
6207:"Laptop Disposal Ewaste Recycling and IT asset disposition (ITAD)"
5997:"Identical Laptops, Different Prices: Don't Be Fooled by Branding"
1440:
architectures, Motorola and IBM produced the chips for the former
7541:
7405:
6838:
6808:
6712:
3568:
3315:
3266:
3083:
3055:
3013:
2959:
2924:
2754:
2678:
2389:
2377:
2240:
2209:
2178:
1952:
1940:
1872:
1693:
1670:
1554:
1481:
1441:
1401:
1337:
875:
748:
709:
being the more common term in most
English-speaking territories.
310:
and semi-flexible components not found on most laptop computers.
185:
46:
1919:
are provided on some models, but they are increasingly rare. On
1724:
laptop, where buttons and the touch-sensitive surface are shared
755:
625:
both trace their origins to the early 1980s, coined to describe
6435:
6074:
Worldwide notebook shipments grow 33% on year in 2007, says IDC
5729:"Protection from scrotal hyperthermia in laptop computer users"
5660:"A lawyer in the Lower Merion webcam case wants to be paid now"
5421:. IT Division – the University of Wisconsin. 19 March 2008
3855:
Tracing the Dynabook: A Study of Technocultural Transformations
3528:
3524:
3499:
International Space Station § Communications and computers
3206:
3090:
3043:
3032:
2940:
2683:
2393:
2383:
2311:
2079:
2066:
Laptop power supply with cylindrical coaxial DC power connector
1944:
1803:
1685:
1218:
744:
585:
404:
139:
82:
7175:
5888:
2600:
Laptops rely on extremely compact cooling systems involving a
1923:'s systems, and on a handful of other laptops, there are also
1569:
In the early 2010s, high end laptops such as the 2011 Samsung
1296:
30 or 40 pin connector. The panels are mainly manufactured by
1086:
have the same chassis design as the Surface Pro, their use of
728:
429:
7630:
7536:
6137:"Intel: laptop/desktop crossover coming sooner than expected"
5305:"A Look at OLPC's XO 3.0 Tablet's Solar And Kinetic Chargers"
4954:"Is Haswell the Last Interchangeable Intel Client Processor?"
3624:
3369:
3270:
3079:
2975:
2882:
2468:
2349:
2308:
2090:
1896:
1841:
1658:
1619:
1445:
1429:
1038:
670:
589:
6265:"Law holds businesses responsible for disposal of computers"
5381:
Melanie Pinola Contributions from Sean Riley (8 June 2022).
1531:
are examples of this sort of system of switchable graphics.
799:
7649:
6043:
6041:
4767:
Smartrepair Den Bosch, Nijmegen, Tilburg, Almere en Utrecht
4448:(4). McGraw-Hill: 104–105 – via the Internet Archive.
3385:
dumping or the incinerating of discarded laptop computers.
3357:
3198:
3194:
2889:
2858:
2372:
2257:
1853:
1765:
1646:
1397:
1377:
1285:
1245:" cases used in desktop computers are designed so that new
527:(Linus Write-Top, 1987). Some CPUs, such as the 1990 Intel
481:
6181:"The best laptop 2023: top portable picks for all budgets"
6098:
Notebook PC Shipments Exceed Desktops for First Time in Q3
6053:
Falling Costs of Mobile Computing Drive Corporate Adoption
5554:"How to Secure Your Computer With a BIOS or UEFI Password"
4328:"In The Age Of Zoom, Bad Laptop Webcams Are A Big Problem"
1599:
Between 1990 and 2009, almost all laptops typically had a
290:
from the display (often marketed having a "laptop mode");
5637:. Main Line Media News. 18 September 2010. Archived from
5330:"One Laptop per Child (OLPC): Frequently Asked Questions"
4544:(49). IDG Publications: 1, 9–11 – via Google Books.
4408:"The Latest Wave in Personal Computers Is Small but Fast"
3702:"Microsoft Surface Pro 8 review: the best of both worlds"
2159:
1964:
1876:
1845:
1834:
1788:
1650:
1623:
1535:
1437:
1433:
1413:
1034:
1014:
1010:
764:
574:
216:
6419:"2001: A Space Laptop – SpaceRef – Your Space Reference"
6038:
3426:
Waste, Electronic & Electrical Equipment Directive (
1967:
sizes. In newer laptops, it is not uncommon to also see
1787:
An external keyboard and mouse may be connected using a
223:
refers to most laptops sharing a form factor with paper
5467:"Gartner: Notebook PCs still prone to hardware failure"
4819:"What Makes Laptops Work – The Laptop Motherboard"
1840:; if they use only the older USB connectors instead of
6353:(. ed.). San Francisco, Calif.: No Starch Press.
5635:"Judge: Lower Merion must pay attorney in laptop case"
986:
can have a hybrid or a convertible form, often dubbed
645:
to some time before 1984; the earliest attestation of
4465:
Quoth the Maven: More on Language from William Safire
3861:(PhD). University of British Columbia. Archived from
3457:(Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)
2328:
Integrated charger or power adapter inside the laptop
1844:, they will typically have an external monitor port (
1630:
standard for connecting are only available as cards.
306:(OLPC) organization, which incorporate features like
267:). Most modern laptops include a built-in webcam and
5401:"Need a New MacBook Pro Battery? Here's Your Guide!"
5055:
4872:"Apple MacBook Pro 14 and 16 review: return to form"
882:" where the size class overlapped with devices like
5778:"Study: Laptop Pads Don't Prevent Male Infertility"
5703:"You Asked: Can Using a Laptop Make You Infertile?"
4567:(20). IDG Publications: 9 – via Google Books.
2555:and fragmented. There is no industry-wide standard
1553:Since around the year 2000, most laptops have used
677:portable, whose dimensions roughly correspond to a
6086:Analysis: Did Intel underestimate netbook success?
5995:
2086:legitimate use of universal third-party chargers.
2082:made intermittent use of a rectangular connector.
1999:Since the late 1990s, laptops have typically used
1480:of mobile processors in 2010, followed by similar
1074:are examples of modern 2-in-1 detachable, whereas
655:dates to 1983. The word is modeled after the term
403:'s Yukio Yokozawa in July 1980, introduced at the
142:at the top of the screen, and some even feature a
4841:
4839:
1467:
697:with laptops in the late 1990s. Today, the terms
669:, meanwhile, emerged earlier in 1982 to describe
365:in 1968, and described in his 1972 paper as the "
7667:
6262:
5159:"Hacking Dell Laptops To Use Off-Brand Chargers"
3789:. Archived from the original on 14 February 2015
2696:
2078:have been used in laptops. Some vendors such as
2038:A laptop's battery is charged using an external
1407:
6067:
6020:"Lap-top computers gain stature as power grows"
5302:
4980:"Review Samsung Series 7 Gamer 700G7A Notebook"
4816:
4087:"Tandy/Radio Shack model 100 portable computer"
3851:
3729:"What is Laptop Computer? Webopedia Definition"
3334:. As of 2023, a new laptop can be obtained for
441:", was invented in 1980 and introduced in 1982.
6476:
6109:
5086:
4836:
4517:. Oxford University Press. n.d. Archived from
4496:. Oxford University Press. n.d. Archived from
4468:. Random House Publishing Group. p. 352.
4159:http://cosy.com/language/cosyhard/cosyhard.htm
2747:. A later 2010 study of 29 males published in
2479:either through native integration or use of a
1048:2-in-1s are designed to be used not only as a
923:
915:Gaming computer § Gaming laptop computers
687:Notebooks emerged as their own separate market
415:in 1981, and released in July 1982. It had an
243:, one or the other may be preferred. The term
7191:
6462:
6091:
6079:
5439:
5383:"How to upgrade the RAM (memory) on a laptop"
4812:
4810:
3225:
956:display designed to allow users to work in a
847:
5030:
3890:A Personal Computer for Children of All Ages
3677:"Introducing Pixel Slate – Pixel Slate Help"
3466:Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act
3448:FDA Security Regulations (21 C.F.R. part 11)
3281:laptops in the world, with the largest one (
1626:cards. SSDs using the newer and much faster
6328:"Macintosh Portable: Used in Space Shuttle"
6000:. Info-Tech Research Group. 10 October 2006
5115:"Notebook Video Card Upgrade / Replacement"
5080:
4268:PCMCIA System Architecture: 16-bit PC Cards
3886:
3326:, less demanding operating systems such as
1980:
1828:
7198:
7184:
6469:
6455:
6100:, isuppli.com, accessed at 13 January 2009
5469:. IDG News Service / ITWorld. 27 June 2006
4947:
4945:
4807:
4654:
4629:
4627:
3944:. IBM Inc. 23 January 2003. Archived from
3754:"Laptop vs desktop: which should you buy?"
3232:
3218:
1875:, transitioned from a number of different
1460:models. Laptop CPUs are rarely able to be
6348:
6167:"PC milestone—notebooks outsell desktops"
5970:"Laptops lead to 'toasted skin syndrome'"
5829:
5823:
5744:
4457:
4455:
4153:
4151:
4032:
4030:
3252:Market share of personal computer vendors
1795:or similar technology. Some laptops have
1596:had become the standard form of storage.
1294:Low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS)
1179:Learn how and when to remove this message
500:were released between 1983 and 1985. The
6055:. Computer Economics, Inc. December 2005
5941:
5935:
5865:"Is your laptop cooking your testicles?"
5862:
5856:
5805:"Is your laptop cooking your testicles?"
4431:
4264:
3776:
3774:
3720:
3502:
3209:: Mi, Mi Gaming and Mi RedmiBook laptops
2753:
2579:
2566:
2435:
2427:
2302:
2279:
2133:
2061:
1990:
1748:Interfaces on a ThinkPad laptop (2011):
1743:
1727:
1711:
1676:
1212:
1200:
824:
813:
798:
787:
770:
754:
739:
727:
716:
560:
444:
428:
383:
337:
45:
6049:"The Falling Costs of Mobile Computing"
5570:
5551:
5490:"Zen and the Art of Laptop Maintenance"
5281:OLPC XO laptop powered by a solar panel
5188:
5186:
5091:. Hardware Secrets, LLC. Archived from
4996:
4990:
4951:
4942:
4633:
4624:
4427:
4425:
4347:"Samsung 700G7C review: Samsung 700G7C"
4011:
4009:
4007:
4005:
3564:List of laptop brands and manufacturers
3246:List of laptop brands and manufacturers
2689:Robbins v. Lower Merion School District
2686:on laptops raised privacy concerns. In
1995:Almost all laptops use smart batteries.
14:
7668:
6397:"IBM Archives: IBM ThinkPads in space"
6178:
6103:
5967:
5961:
5944:"Laptop Risk: 'Toasted Skin Syndrome'"
5863:Joelving, Frederik (8 November 2010).
5720:
5607:
4977:
4607:
4577:
4554:
4531:
4461:
4452:
4148:
4027:
3310:while desktops sold for an average of
2074:, typically cylindrical/barrel-shaped
1833:On a typical laptop there are several
1033:, and have a number of typical laptop
476: (equivalent to $ 25,730 in 2023)
334:Portable computer § Early history
130:on the inside of the upper lid and an
7179:
6450:
6295:
6204:
6112:"The PC Doesn't Have to Be an Anchor"
5830:Caulfield, Philip (7 November 2010).
5608:Holmes, Kristin E. (31 August 2010).
5531:Biometric Devices and Laptop Security
5487:
5442:"Faster Wi-Fi Predicted for Colleges"
5215:
4534:"Crowds converge on NE Computer Show"
4069:The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography
4060:
3916:"IBM Archives: IBM Personal Computer"
3771:
3102:
2260:. Some laptop sleeves are wrapped in
2208:designs, are often prime targets for
1825:for reading digital camera SD cards.
1645:data storage servers with support of
1588:The earliest laptops most often used
1382:Alternate Mode partner specifications
1060:. It is possible to connect multiple
689:from laptops with the release of the
6308:from the original on 22 October 2020
5915:
5909:
5678:
5183:
4999:"Evolution of the Solid-State Drive"
4978:Glaser, Florian (24 November 2011).
4422:
4406:Reid, T. R. (10 October 1988).
4405:
4048:
4002:
3726:
3288:
3110:
2619:Battery life is limited because the
2440:A man using a laptop on a park bench
2298:
2169:
1392:Most laptop displays have a maximum
1280:Laptop screens most commonly employ
1275:
1161:adding citations to reliable sources
1132:
546:Some laptops in the 1980s using red
6377:. The Mac Observer. 31 October 2004
6277:from the original on 24 August 2024
5775:
5769:
5419:"Should I buy a laptop or desktop?"
5089:"Innovations in Notebook Expansion"
5087:Gabriel Torres (25 November 2004).
2705:Prolonged use of laptops can cause
2551:, but the industry remains largely
2146:(sometimes referred to simply as a
2097:made increasing use of it for both
2057:
1583:
832:CF-M34, a rugged laptop/subnotebook
712:
377:, the first commercially available
239:are used interchangeably; in other
85:with detachable screen; and a 2014
24:
6296:Lewis, Peter H. (12 August 1991).
6237:. 14 February 2006. Archived from
5972:. Associated Press. Archived from
5246:
4789:"Microsoft Surface Pro 3 Teardown"
4571:
4532:Needle, David (13 December 1982).
3985:"Epson SX-20 Promotional Brochure"
3815:
2575:on a laptop after 2.5 years of use
2418:
2129:
1934:
1436:, and other manufacturers. On non-
25:
7712:
6403:. 23 January 2003. Archived from
5968:Tanner, Lindsey (10 April 2010).
5942:Hendrick, Bill (4 October 2010).
5897:(4). Quadrant HealthCom: 319–20.
5681:"Take It Easy on Those Keyboards"
5446:The Chronicle of Higher Education
5303:Elizabeth Woyke (18 April 2012).
5249:"The SOLAR-POWERED Ubuntu laptop"
5216:Wilce, Hilary (1 December 2000).
5192:
5135:. HP. 25 May 2009. Archived from
4997:Edwards, Benj (17 January 2012).
4344:
4265:Anderson, Don (27 January 1995).
3523:in 1990 on Space Shuttle mission
3122:
3093:: Akoya (OEM version of MSI Wind)
2014:typically used in the 1990s, and
1736:cursor and UltraNav buttons on a
1523:graphics processor will be used.
1315:
468:appeared in the early 1980s. The
7309:Failure of electronic components
7159:
7158:
6434:
6411:
6389:
6367:
6342:
6320:
6289:
6263:Kuhlenbeck, Phil (9 June 2006).
6256:
6224:
6198:
6172:
6159:
6129:
6110:Randall Stross (18 April 2008).
5918:"What Is Toasted Skin Syndrome?"
5746:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.10.013
5571:Hoffman, Chris (14 April 2014).
4038:"portable computer system small"
3780:
3559:List of computer size categories
2787:
2527:
1387:
1137:
1113:
1002:. 2-in-1s are often marketed as
480:, released in 1982, was used at
282:, with keyboards that either be
50:Clockwise from top left: A 2021
27:Personal computer for mobile use
7205:
6012:
5988:
5882:
5797:
5695:
5672:
5653:
5627:
5601:
5583:
5564:
5552:Hoffman, Chris (3 April 2014).
5545:
5519:
5507:
5481:
5459:
5440:Josh Fischman (7 August 2008).
5433:
5411:
5393:
5374:
5352:
5322:
5296:
5263:
5240:
5209:
5165:
5151:
5125:
5107:
5021:
4971:
4916:
4890:
4864:
4781:
4754:
4729:
4704:
4679:
4637:Upgrading and Repairing Laptops
4601:
4548:
4525:
4504:
4482:
4399:
4385:
4371:
4357:
4338:
4320:
4307:"IBM PS/2 CL57SX | Laptop Pics"
4299:
4285:
4271:. Addison-Wesley Professional.
4258:
4244:
4223:
4205:
4188:
4163:
4129:
4104:
4079:
3977:
3952:
3934:
3727:Beal, Vangie (September 1996).
3106:
2877:, ZenBook, VivoBook, ExpertBook
2216:
1603:(HDD) for storage; since then,
1424:There has been a wide range of
1367:MacBook Pro with Retina display
1148:needs additional citations for
763:business laptop, originally an
302:laptops such as those from the
146:display. In most cases, unlike
116:(PC). Laptops typically have a
6024:Daily News of Los Angeles (CA)
5916:Diaz, Jesus (7 October 2010).
5195:"Getting rid of the ICT suite"
5038:"Apple — MacBook — Tech Specs"
4847:"Configuration 3-Displays FAQ"
4432:Williams, Gregg (April 1982).
3908:
3880:
3845:
3746:
3694:
3669:
3492:
3423:PCI-DSS Data Security Standard
3114:
2475:, and sometimes connection to
2246:
1468:Graphics processing unit (GPU)
1025:, run a full-featured desktop
778:, a hybrid tablet, powered by
13:
1:
6179:Hanson, Matt (13 July 2022).
6088:, Accessed at 10 January 2009
5776:Yin, Sara (8 November 2010).
5679:Toub, Allegra (23 May 2017).
5488:Geier, Eric (6 August 2012).
5173:"What Is USB-C? An Explainer"
4608:Vowels, Andrew (March 1995).
4555:Needle, David (14 May 1984).
4414:. p. F28. Archived from
3662:
3630:Open-source computer hardware
3451:Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)
3265:), high-performance laptops (
3118:
2697:Ergonomics and health effects
2487:Other advantages of laptops:
2423:
2275:
2256:, with sturdier ones made of
2030:gradually decreases over time
1408:Central processing unit (CPU)
1359:
1350:Desktop replacement computers
294:, for use in construction or
7304:List of emerging electronics
4952:btarunr (26 November 2012).
4610:"Have computer, will travel"
3544:for the task and do not use
3273:) and laptops for children (
3126:
2736:State University of New York
2731:Possible effect on fertility
2663:security components such as
1780:(also called a trackpad), a
1484:processors in January 2011.
1472:On most laptops, the GPU is
1284:technology, although use of
1282:liquid-crystal display (LCD)
862:Desktop replacement computer
612:
254:Laptops combine many of the
7:
6349:Linzmayer, Owen W. (2004).
4769:(in Dutch). smart-repair.nl
4557:"Epson's PX-8 lap computer"
3887:Alan C. Kay (August 1972).
3551:
3519:laptop used in space was a
3414:Financial Conduct Authority
3341:
3167:: N, P, Q, R and X series;
2414:(starting with 2013 models)
2408:(starting with 2013 models)
2264:to provide some measure of
2258:low-resilience polyurethane
2010:, These replaced the older
1871:, in a 2015 version of its
1128:
924:Convertible, hybrid, 2-in-1
10:
7717:
6909:Personal digital assistant
4112:"Hewlett-Packard model 85"
3990:. Epson America, Inc. 1987
3610:Personal digital assistant
3594:Subscriber Identity Module
3496:
3472:PCI Data Security Standard
3345:
3249:
3243:
2633:
2220:
2138:Docking station and laptop
2109:
2020:non-rechargeable batteries
1984:
1699:
1534:Traditionally, the system
1267:
1190:
1117:
1021:model), such as the Intel
1004:laptop replacement tablets
929:
912:
851:
848:Smaller and larger laptops
724:laptop from the late 1990s
573:Displays reached 640x480 (
345:holding the mockup of his
331:
325:
321:
36:
29:
7504:
7362:
7279:
7213:
7154:
7089:
7058:
7035:
6970:
6942:
6847:
6824:
6767:
6758:
6651:
6591:
6584:
6504:
6497:
6488:
5614:The Philadelphia Inquirer
5362:. Inhabitat. 21 June 2011
4650:– via Google Books.
4597:– via Google Books.
4515:Oxford English Dictionary
4494:Oxford English Dictionary
4478:– via Google Books.
4462:Safire, William (2011) .
3807:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3656:Laptop–tablet convergence
3527:and again in 1991 aboard
3507:ISS laptops in the US lab
3475:US Safe Harbor Provisions
2052:battery management system
1975:Mobile PCI Express Module
1707:
1548:
1426:CPUs designed for laptops
938:technological convergence
652:Oxford English Dictionary
399:, invented (patented) by
249:type of portable computer
247:originally referred to a
207:, modeled after the term
6211:www.newtechrecycling.com
5666:1 September 2010 at the
4587:. Wiley. pp. 7–17.
3852:John W. Maxwell (2006).
3546:commercial off-the-shelf
3402:Data Protection Act 1998
3301:
2782:
2707:repetitive strain injury
2653:Kensington security slot
2621:capacity drops with time
2231:Initiative released the
2175:Laptop charging trolleys
2076:coaxial power connectors
2016:nickel–cadmium batteries
1981:Battery and power supply
1829:Input/output (I/O) ports
1791:port or wirelessly, via
1331:
1320:Externally, it can be a
569:laptop, released in 1988
161:Laptops can run on both
152:mobile operating systems
7547:Electromagnetic warfare
7146:Wireless sensor network
6270:Austin Business Journal
5733:Fertility and Sterility
4634:Mueller, Scott (2004).
4512:"notebook computer, n."
4017:"HC-20-Computer Museum"
3942:"IBM Personal Computer"
3154:Let's Note (Japan only)
2749:Fertility and Sterility
2611:electrostatic discharge
1752:network port (center),
1096:mobile operating system
1070:Pro-series devices and
910:" for professional use.
793:Microsoft Surface Pro 3
535:features such as Intel
525:handwriting recognition
112:, is a small, portable
32:Laptop (disambiguation)
7517:Automotive electronics
7466:Robotic vacuum cleaner
7426:Information technology
7231:Electronic engineering
6919:Portable data terminal
4924:"Samsung 700G7A GAMER"
4490:"laptop, n. & adj"
4171:"Gavilian SC computer"
3604:Mobile Internet device
3508:
3484:Gramm-leach-Bliley Act
2762:
2585:
2576:
2459:Up-to-date information
2441:
2433:
2315:
2285:
2139:
2067:
1996:
1959:, which comes in both
1863:multi-stream transport
1769:
1741:
1725:
1688:, compact discs (CD),
1444:-based Apple laptops (
1222:
1210:
1104:Asus's Transformer Pad
1056:applications, such as
833:
822:
811:
810:keyboard and touch pad
796:
785:
768:
752:
737:
725:
584:Resolutions of laptop
577:) resolution by 1988 (
570:
453:
442:
392:
350:
93:
73:with 360 degree hinge
65:with detachable hinge
7451:Portable media player
7324:Molecular electronics
7319:Low-power electronics
7102:Information appliance
6924:Portable media player
6867:Handheld game console
5533:. Laptop Security Pro
5527:"Secure File Sharing"
4817:Catherine Roseberry.
4662:"Laptop Buying Guide"
3783:"Notebook Vs. Laptop"
3506:
3318:, drawing an average
3250:Further information:
2776:toasted skin syndrome
2757:
2724:solution is to use a
2583:
2570:
2549:Common Building Block
2498:Low power consumption
2439:
2431:
2306:
2283:
2137:
2065:
1994:
1907:keyboard/mouse port,
1747:
1731:
1715:
1692:, and in some cases,
1677:Removable media drive
1328:(anti-glare) screen.
1216:
1204:
1191:Further information:
1106:devices, examples of
1017:(typically a low- or
828:
817:
802:
791:
774:
758:
743:
731:
720:
705:are synonymous, with
641:traced the origin of
564:
448:
432:
387:
341:
296:military applications
132:alphanumeric keyboard
49:
7681:Classes of computers
7645:Terahertz technology
7626:Open-source hardware
7582:Consumer electronics
7552:Electronics industry
7314:Flexible electronics
7221:Analogue electronics
6877:Mobile data terminal
6857:Electronic organizer
6529:Intelligent terminal
6443:at Wikimedia Commons
6425:. 18 September 2000.
6205:Recycling, Newtech.
5292:– via YouTube.
5218:"Welcome to Lapland"
4741:Linux-on-laptops.com
4141:4 April 2019 at the
4075:Taylor & Francis
3408:EU Privacy Directive
2630:Security and privacy
2229:One Laptop Per Child
2095:portable electronics
2024:lead–acid batteries.
2012:nickel metal-hydride
1428:available from both
1365:introduction of the
1290:embedded DisplayPort
1157:improve this article
936:The latest trend of
874:" models, low cost "
854:Notebook form factor
776:Asus Transformer Pad
488:, among others. The
411:by Japanese company
304:One Laptop per Child
39:Notebook form factor
30:For other uses, see
7621:Nuclear electronics
7446:Networking hardware
7349:Quantum electronics
7334:Organic electronics
7256:Printed electronics
7226:Digital electronics
6330:. Support.apple.com
6244:on 14 February 2006
5844:on 10 November 2010
5683:. Backlight Resumes
5594:6 June 2013 at the
4584:Laptops for Dummies
4412:The Washington Post
4395:. 14 December 2021.
4295:. 21 December 1993.
4254:. 10 November 1986.
4200:Computer Chronicles
4195:Japanese PCs (1984)
3960:"IBM 5100 computer"
3948:on 9 December 2004.
3469:Patriot Act of 2002
3463:Add NIST SP 800–171
2795:Major laptop brands
2711:ergonomic keyboards
2597:Heating and cooling
2089:With the advent of
1893:wireless networking
1684:capable of playing
1682:Optical disc drives
1529:AMD Hybrid Graphics
1506:external GPU (eGPU)
1396:of 60 Hz. The
992:2-in-1 convertibles
960:mode, using either
892:Desktop replacement
830:Panasonic Toughbook
806:gaming laptop with
795:, 2-in-1 detachable
596:Optical disc drives
553:The development of
300:low-production-cost
288:pivoted out of view
241:dialects of English
7696:Personal computers
7599:Marine electronics
7572:Integrated circuit
7491:Video game console
7289:2020s in computing
7271:Thermal management
7134:Computer-on-module
6992:Digital wristwatch
6794:Mobile workstation
6564:Video game console
6524:Internet appliance
6116:The New York Times
5205:on 6 October 2010.
5063:"Chromebook Pixel"
4763:"Laptop reparatie"
4640:. Que. p. 2.
4219:. 3 November 2021.
4066:Michael R. Peres,
3868:on 24 January 2007
3681:support.google.com
3521:Macintosh portable
3509:
3478:Various state laws
3445:Sarbanes-Oxley Act
3419:Sarbanes-Oxley Act
2763:
2586:
2577:
2508:solid-state drives
2442:
2434:
2316:
2286:
2140:
2068:
1997:
1770:
1742:
1726:
1634:house two drives.
1605:solid-state drives
1223:
1211:
919:Mobile workstation
908:mobile workstation
834:
823:
812:
797:
786:
769:
753:
738:
726:
637:. The etymologist
633:) but larger than
627:portable computers
571:
454:
443:
393:
371:IBM PALM processor
351:
328:History of laptops
312:Portable computers
196:, and for general
104:, also known as a
94:
7663:
7662:
7640:Radio electronics
7266:Schematic capture
7251:Power electronics
7173:
7172:
7122:Rugged smartphone
7031:
7030:
7027:
7026:
6754:
6753:
6750:
6749:
6708:Small form factor
6534:Interactive kiosk
6439:Media related to
6147:on 7 October 2008
5811:. 8 November 2010
5009:on 1 October 2012
4878:. 29 October 2021
4278:978-0-201-40991-8
4231:"Linus Write-Top"
4021:museum.ipsj.or.jp
3922:. 23 January 2003
3289:Adoption by users
3242:
3241:
3139:Wind Netbook
2954:: DRX, TLX, I / O
2673:Software such as
2649:credit card fraud
2477:cellular networks
2369:input device port
2335:Floppy disk drive
2299:Obsolete features
2170:Charging trolleys
2046:, a rechargeable
1963:and even smaller
1292:protocol via the
1276:Screen technology
1197:Computer hardware
1193:Personal computer
1189:
1188:
1181:
1068:Microsoft Surface
1050:media consumption
1019:ultra-low-voltage
988:2-in-1 detachable
900:graphics hardware
567:Zenith SupersPort
543:in some designs.
478:GRiD Compass 1101
450:GRiD Compass 1101
439:notebook computer
407:computer show in
379:portable computer
355:personal computer
227:. As of 2024, in
219:; while the word
156:desktop computers
114:personal computer
102:notebook computer
16:(Redirected from
7708:
7701:1980s neologisms
7691:Office equipment
7686:Mobile computers
7635:Radio navigation
7532:Data acquisition
7241:Microelectronics
7200:
7193:
7186:
7177:
7176:
7162:
7161:
6997:Calculator watch
6980:Activity tracker
6765:
6764:
6589:
6588:
6502:
6501:
6495:
6494:
6471:
6464:
6457:
6448:
6447:
6438:
6427:
6426:
6423:www.spaceref.com
6415:
6409:
6408:
6407:on 20 July 2011.
6393:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6382:
6371:
6365:
6364:
6346:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6335:
6324:
6318:
6317:
6315:
6313:
6293:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6282:
6260:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6249:
6243:
6236:
6228:
6222:
6221:
6219:
6217:
6202:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6191:
6176:
6170:
6165:Michael Singer.
6163:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6152:
6143:. Archived from
6141:The Register, UK
6133:
6127:
6126:
6124:
6122:
6107:
6101:
6095:
6089:
6083:
6077:
6071:
6065:
6064:
6062:
6060:
6045:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6031:
6016:
6010:
6009:
6007:
6005:
5999:
5992:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5981:
5965:
5959:
5958:
5956:
5954:
5939:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5928:
5913:
5907:
5906:
5886:
5880:
5879:
5877:
5875:
5860:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5849:
5840:. Archived from
5827:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5816:
5801:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5773:
5767:
5766:
5748:
5724:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5713:
5699:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5688:
5676:
5670:
5657:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5646:
5631:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5620:
5605:
5599:
5587:
5581:
5580:
5568:
5562:
5561:
5549:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5538:
5523:
5517:
5511:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5485:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5474:
5463:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5437:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5415:
5409:
5408:
5407:. 15 March 2021.
5397:
5391:
5390:
5378:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5356:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5340:on 18 March 2017
5336:. Archived from
5326:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5300:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5289:
5284:. 9 January 2012
5267:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5256:
5244:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5233:
5224:. Archived from
5213:
5207:
5206:
5201:. Archived from
5190:
5181:
5180:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5155:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5144:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5100:
5095:on 28 April 2005
5084:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5048:
5034:
5028:
5025:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5005:. Archived from
4994:
4988:
4987:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4949:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4920:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4904:. 6 January 2011
4894:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4868:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4857:
4843:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4814:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4785:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4722:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4683:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4658:
4652:
4651:
4631:
4622:
4621:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4508:
4502:
4501:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4459:
4450:
4449:
4438:-Sized Computer"
4429:
4420:
4419:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4209:
4203:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4175:oldcomputers.net
4167:
4161:
4155:
4146:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4116:oldcomputers.net
4108:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4091:oldcomputers.net
4083:
4077:
4064:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4034:
4025:
4024:
4013:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3989:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3964:oldcomputers.net
3956:
3950:
3949:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3895:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3867:
3860:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3833:on 9 August 2019
3829:. Archived from
3819:
3813:
3812:
3806:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3778:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3708:. 5 October 2021
3698:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3673:
3599:Mobile broadband
3537:can be purchased
3437:Bank Secrecy Act
3433:Basel Convention
3337:
3321:
3313:
3309:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3155:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
2952:Falcon Northwest
2792:
2791:
2187:tablet computers
2058:Power connectors
2050:with a built-in
1885:Chromebook Pixel
1858:Mini DisplayPort
1812:web conferencing
1760:(top right) and
1594:hard disk drives
1584:Internal storage
1207:MacBook (Retina)
1205:Inner view of a
1184:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1164:
1141:
1133:
1102:. These include
1043:Mini DisplayPort
880:ultra-mobile PCs
713:Types of laptops
662:desktop computer
635:pocket computers
533:power management
475:
466:flip form factor
458:Tandy/RadioShack
229:American English
213:desktop computer
148:tablet computers
71:Dell XPS 15 9570
21:
7716:
7715:
7711:
7710:
7709:
7707:
7706:
7705:
7666:
7665:
7664:
7659:
7592:Small appliance
7587:Major appliance
7567:Home automation
7557:Embedded system
7512:Audio equipment
7500:
7496:Washing machine
7421:Home theater PC
7377:Central heating
7372:Air conditioner
7364:
7358:
7329:Nanoelectronics
7281:
7275:
7246:Optoelectronics
7236:Instrumentation
7209:
7204:
7174:
7169:
7150:
7107:Microcontroller
7097:Embedded system
7085:
7054:
7023:
6966:
6938:
6934:Ultra-mobile PC
6843:
6820:
6746:
6647:
6580:
6484:
6475:
6431:
6430:
6417:
6416:
6412:
6395:
6394:
6390:
6380:
6378:
6373:
6372:
6368:
6361:
6347:
6343:
6333:
6331:
6326:
6325:
6321:
6311:
6309:
6294:
6290:
6280:
6278:
6261:
6257:
6247:
6245:
6241:
6234:
6230:
6229:
6225:
6215:
6213:
6203:
6199:
6189:
6187:
6177:
6173:
6164:
6160:
6150:
6148:
6135:
6134:
6130:
6120:
6118:
6108:
6104:
6096:
6092:
6084:
6080:
6072:
6068:
6058:
6056:
6047:
6046:
6039:
6029:
6027:
6026:. 12 April 1987
6018:
6017:
6013:
6003:
6001:
5994:
5993:
5989:
5979:
5977:
5976:on 1 March 2013
5966:
5962:
5952:
5950:
5940:
5936:
5926:
5924:
5914:
5910:
5887:
5883:
5873:
5871:
5861:
5857:
5847:
5845:
5828:
5824:
5814:
5812:
5803:
5802:
5798:
5788:
5786:
5774:
5770:
5725:
5721:
5711:
5709:
5701:
5700:
5696:
5686:
5684:
5677:
5673:
5668:Wayback Machine
5658:
5654:
5644:
5642:
5641:on 5 March 2016
5633:
5632:
5628:
5618:
5616:
5606:
5602:
5596:Wayback Machine
5588:
5584:
5569:
5565:
5550:
5546:
5536:
5534:
5525:
5524:
5520:
5512:
5508:
5498:
5496:
5486:
5482:
5472:
5470:
5465:
5464:
5460:
5450:
5448:
5438:
5434:
5424:
5422:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5399:
5398:
5394:
5379:
5375:
5365:
5363:
5358:
5357:
5353:
5343:
5341:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5313:
5311:
5301:
5297:
5287:
5285:
5278:
5275:Wayback Machine
5268:
5264:
5254:
5252:
5247:Clarke, Gavin.
5245:
5241:
5231:
5229:
5214:
5210:
5191:
5184:
5171:
5170:
5166:
5157:
5156:
5152:
5142:
5140:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5113:
5112:
5108:
5098:
5096:
5085:
5081:
5071:
5069:
5061:
5060:
5056:
5046:
5044:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5026:
5022:
5012:
5010:
4995:
4991:
4976:
4972:
4962:
4960:
4950:
4943:
4933:
4931:
4930:. 11 April 2012
4928:pocket-lint.com
4922:
4921:
4917:
4907:
4905:
4896:
4895:
4891:
4881:
4879:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4855:
4853:
4845:
4844:
4837:
4827:
4825:
4815:
4808:
4798:
4796:
4787:
4786:
4782:
4772:
4770:
4759:
4755:
4745:
4743:
4735:
4734:
4730:
4720:
4718:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4695:
4693:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4670:
4668:
4660:
4659:
4655:
4648:
4632:
4625:
4606:
4602:
4595:
4576:
4572:
4553:
4549:
4530:
4526:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4476:
4460:
4453:
4430:
4423:
4404:
4400:
4391:
4390:
4386:
4377:
4376:
4372:
4363:
4362:
4358:
4343:
4339:
4334:. 8 April 2020.
4326:
4325:
4321:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4291:
4290:
4286:
4279:
4263:
4259:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4193:
4189:
4179:
4177:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4157:Bob Armstrong,
4156:
4149:
4145:, Old Computers
4143:Wayback Machine
4134:
4130:
4120:
4118:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4095:
4093:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4065:
4061:
4057:, Old Computers
4053:
4049:
4036:
4035:
4028:
4015:
4014:
4003:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3968:
3966:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3885:
3881:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3858:
3850:
3846:
3836:
3834:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3800:
3799:
3792:
3790:
3781:Naik, Abhijit.
3779:
3772:
3762:
3760:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3737:
3735:
3725:
3721:
3711:
3709:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3685:
3683:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3554:
3542:custom designed
3511:The ruggedized
3501:
3495:
3490:
3390:Demanufacturing
3381:) has outlawed
3368:compounds, are
3350:
3344:
3335:
3319:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3291:
3283:Quanta Computer
3254:
3248:
3238:
3153:
3006:Hewlett-Packard
2790:
2785:
2764:
2699:
2672:
2657:Activation Lock
2638:
2587:
2530:
2426:
2421:
2419:Characteristics
2301:
2278:
2262:ballistic nylon
2249:
2225:
2219:
2172:
2156:port replicator
2144:docking station
2132:
2130:Docking station
2112:
2060:
2005:lithium polymer
1989:
1983:
1939:In the past, a
1937:
1935:Expansion cards
1831:
1710:
1702:
1679:
1601:hard disk drive
1586:
1557:slots in which
1551:
1470:
1454:ball grid array
1410:
1390:
1362:
1346:Ultra-mobile PC
1334:
1318:
1310:Samsung Display
1278:
1270:
1199:
1185:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1154:
1142:
1131:
1122:
1120:Rugged computer
1116:
1058:Adobe Photoshop
1037:ports, such as
934:
926:
921:
864:
852:Main articles:
850:
715:
615:
548:plasma displays
473:
462:Hewlett-Packard
349:concept in 2008
336:
330:
324:
265:pointing sticks
192:, for personal
136:pointing device
98:laptop computer
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7714:
7704:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7661:
7660:
7658:
7657:
7656:Communications
7647:
7642:
7637:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7607:
7601:
7596:
7595:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7577:Home appliance
7574:
7569:
7564:
7562:Home appliance
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7527:Control system
7524:
7519:
7514:
7508:
7506:
7502:
7501:
7499:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7436:Microwave oven
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7368:
7366:
7360:
7359:
7357:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7299:Bioelectronics
7296:
7291:
7285:
7283:
7277:
7276:
7274:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7217:
7215:
7211:
7210:
7203:
7202:
7195:
7188:
7180:
7171:
7170:
7168:
7167:
7155:
7152:
7151:
7149:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7137:
7136:
7126:
7125:
7124:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7093:
7091:
7087:
7086:
7084:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7062:
7060:
7056:
7055:
7053:
7052:
7047:
7041:
7039:
7033:
7032:
7029:
7028:
7025:
7024:
7022:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7010:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6989:
6988:
6987:
6976:
6974:
6968:
6967:
6965:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6948:
6946:
6940:
6939:
6937:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6900:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6853:
6851:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6841:
6836:
6830:
6828:
6822:
6821:
6819:
6818:
6817:
6816:
6811:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6785:
6784:
6773:
6771:
6762:
6756:
6755:
6752:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6745:
6744:
6743:
6742:
6737:
6727:
6726:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6705:
6700:
6699:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6678:
6677:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6655:
6653:
6649:
6648:
6646:
6645:
6640:
6639:
6638:
6628:
6623:
6622:
6621:
6619:Personal super
6611:
6606:
6601:
6595:
6593:
6586:
6582:
6581:
6579:
6578:
6577:
6576:
6571:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6514:Arcade cabinet
6510:
6508:
6499:
6492:
6486:
6485:
6478:Computer sizes
6474:
6473:
6466:
6459:
6451:
6445:
6444:
6429:
6428:
6410:
6388:
6366:
6359:
6341:
6319:
6288:
6255:
6223:
6197:
6171:
6158:
6128:
6102:
6090:
6078:
6066:
6037:
6011:
5987:
5960:
5934:
5908:
5881:
5855:
5822:
5796:
5768:
5739:(2): 647–651.
5719:
5694:
5671:
5652:
5626:
5600:
5582:
5563:
5544:
5518:
5506:
5480:
5458:
5432:
5410:
5405:Digital Trends
5392:
5373:
5351:
5321:
5295:
5262:
5251:. The Register
5239:
5228:on 26 May 2015
5208:
5193:Woods, Dough.
5182:
5164:
5161:. 27 May 2020.
5150:
5139:on 1 June 2012
5124:
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5079:
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4795:. 23 June 2014
4780:
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4703:
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4570:
4547:
4524:
4521:on 5 May 2024.
4503:
4500:on 5 May 2024.
4481:
4474:
4451:
4421:
4418:on 5 May 2024.
4398:
4384:
4370:
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4345:Stein, Scott.
4337:
4332:Digital Trends
4319:
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3460:NIST SP 800–53
3458:
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3440:
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3405:
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3324:Arm processors
3303:
3300:
3290:
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3244:Main article:
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3188:Averatec Buddy
3176:
3175:
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3142:
3141:
3095:
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3070:B and G Series
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2726:computer stand
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2720:Neck and spine
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2703:
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2645:identity theft
2634:Main article:
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2625:power supplies
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2543:Upgradeability
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2223:Solar notebook
2221:Main article:
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2103:gaming laptops
2099:power delivery
2070:Historically,
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1985:Main article:
1982:
1979:
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1782:pointing stick
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1525:Nvidia Optimus
1513:expansion card
1489:system chipset
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1333:
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1316:Surface finish
1314:
1302:BOE Technology
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1187:
1186:
1145:
1143:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1118:Main article:
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1112:
1088:ARM processors
1013:-architecture
964:gestures or a
930:Main article:
925:
922:
849:
846:
714:
711:
639:William Safire
614:
611:
579:Compaq SLT/286
517:pointing stick
470:Dulmont Magnum
326:Main article:
323:
320:
308:solar charging
292:rugged laptops
280:2-in-1 laptops
178:business trips
79:ThinkPad Helix
26:
9:
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7261:Semiconductor
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6549:Smart speaker
6547:
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6519:Diskless node
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6362:
6360:1-59327-010-0
6356:
6352:
6345:
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6323:
6307:
6303:
6302:Baltimore Sun
6299:
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5662:, Philly.com
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5119:NotebookCheck
5116:
5110:
5094:
5090:
5083:
5068:
5064:
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5043:
5039:
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5024:
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4984:Notebookcheck
4981:
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4647:9780789728005
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4136:Sharp PC-5000
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3269:), netbooks (
3268:
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3159:
3158:
3152:, Satellite,
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2788:Manufacturers
2777:
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2760:
2759:Laptop cooler
2756:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2733:
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2665:Windows Hello
2662:
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2528:Disadvantages
2522:
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2457:
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2443:
2438:
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2406:CD/DVD Drives
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2391:
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2385:
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2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2345:Parallel port
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2305:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2282:
2273:
2271:
2270:laptop cooler
2267:
2266:waterproofing
2263:
2259:
2255:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2136:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2072:DC connectors
2064:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2044:smart battery
2041:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1993:
1988:
1987:Smart battery
1978:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1929:Thunderbolt 3
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1913:parallel port
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1816:video-calling
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1774:function keys
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1739:
1735:
1732:Closeup of a
1730:
1723:
1719:
1716:Closeup of a
1714:
1705:
1697:
1695:
1694:Blu-ray discs
1691:
1687:
1683:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1639:external HDDs
1637:A variety of
1635:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1478:Core i-series
1475:
1465:
1463:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1388:Refresh rates
1385:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1371:Pixel density
1368:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1221:memory module
1220:
1215:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1183:
1180:
1172:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1146:This section
1144:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1126:
1121:
1114:Rugged laptop
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
933:
928:
920:
916:
911:
909:
905:
904:gaming laptop
901:
897:
893:
889:
886:and handheld
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
863:
859:
855:
845:
843:
839:
831:
827:
820:
816:
809:
805:
801:
794:
790:
784:
781:
777:
773:
766:
762:
757:
750:
746:
742:
735:
730:
723:
722:Compaq Armada
719:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
691:NEC UltraLite
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
663:
658:
654:
653:
649:found by the
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
610:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
591:
587:
582:
580:
576:
568:
563:
559:
556:
551:
549:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
523:, 1992), and
522:
518:
515:, 1983), the
514:
510:
505:
503:
502:Toshiba T1100
499:
495:
491:
490:Sharp PC-5000
487:
483:
479:
471:
467:
463:
459:
451:
447:
440:
437:, the first "
436:
431:
427:
425:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:Suwa Seikosha
398:
390:
386:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
348:
344:
340:
335:
329:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
199:
198:home computer
195:
191:
187:
186:playing games
183:
179:
175:
171:
170:battery packs
168:
164:
159:
157:
153:
150:which run on
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
63:Surface Pro 7
61:
57:
53:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
7505:Applications
7486:Water heater
7461:Refrigerator
7441:Mobile phone
7390:
7344:Piezotronics
7129:Single-board
7014:Smartglasses
6957:Programmable
6882:Mobile phone
6768:
6735:Blade server
6574:Microconsole
6569:Home console
6422:
6413:
6405:the original
6400:
6391:
6379:. Retrieved
6369:
6350:
6344:
6332:. Retrieved
6322:
6310:. Retrieved
6301:
6291:
6279:. Retrieved
6268:
6258:
6248:26 September
6246:. Retrieved
6239:the original
6226:
6214:. Retrieved
6210:
6200:
6190:20 September
6188:. Retrieved
6184:
6174:
6161:
6149:. Retrieved
6145:the original
6140:
6131:
6119:. Retrieved
6115:
6105:
6093:
6081:
6069:
6057:. Retrieved
6052:
6028:. Retrieved
6023:
6014:
6002:. Retrieved
5990:
5978:. Retrieved
5974:the original
5963:
5951:. Retrieved
5947:
5937:
5925:. Retrieved
5921:
5911:
5894:
5890:
5884:
5872:. Retrieved
5868:
5858:
5846:. Retrieved
5842:the original
5835:
5825:
5813:. Retrieved
5808:
5799:
5787:. Retrieved
5781:
5771:
5736:
5732:
5722:
5710:. Retrieved
5706:
5697:
5685:. Retrieved
5674:
5655:
5645:20 September
5643:. Retrieved
5639:the original
5629:
5619:20 September
5617:. Retrieved
5613:
5603:
5585:
5576:
5566:
5557:
5547:
5535:. Retrieved
5530:
5521:
5509:
5497:. Retrieved
5493:
5483:
5471:. Retrieved
5461:
5449:. Retrieved
5445:
5435:
5423:. Retrieved
5413:
5404:
5395:
5386:
5376:
5364:. Retrieved
5354:
5342:. Retrieved
5338:the original
5333:
5324:
5312:. Retrieved
5308:
5298:
5286:. Retrieved
5280:
5271:Ghostarchive
5269:Archived at
5265:
5253:. Retrieved
5242:
5230:. Retrieved
5226:the original
5222:TES Magazine
5221:
5211:
5203:the original
5198:
5176:
5167:
5153:
5141:. Retrieved
5137:the original
5127:
5118:
5109:
5097:. Retrieved
5093:the original
5082:
5070:. Retrieved
5066:
5057:
5045:. Retrieved
5041:
5032:
5023:
5011:. Retrieved
5007:the original
5002:
4992:
4983:
4973:
4961:. Retrieved
4957:
4932:. Retrieved
4927:
4918:
4906:. Retrieved
4901:
4892:
4882:21 September
4880:. Retrieved
4875:
4866:
4856:16 September
4854:. Retrieved
4850:
4826:. Retrieved
4822:
4797:. Retrieved
4792:
4783:
4771:. Retrieved
4766:
4756:
4744:. Retrieved
4740:
4731:
4719:. Retrieved
4715:
4706:
4694:. Retrieved
4690:
4681:
4669:. Retrieved
4665:
4656:
4636:
4617:
4613:
4603:
4583:
4573:
4564:
4560:
4550:
4541:
4537:
4527:
4519:the original
4514:
4506:
4498:the original
4493:
4484:
4464:
4445:
4441:
4435:
4416:the original
4411:
4401:
4387:
4373:
4359:
4350:
4340:
4331:
4322:
4310:. Retrieved
4301:
4287:
4267:
4260:
4246:
4234:. Retrieved
4225:
4216:
4207:
4198:
4190:
4178:. Retrieved
4174:
4165:
4131:
4119:. Retrieved
4115:
4106:
4094:. Retrieved
4090:
4081:
4068:
4062:
4050:
4041:
4020:
3992:. Retrieved
3979:
3967:. Retrieved
3963:
3954:
3946:the original
3936:
3924:. Retrieved
3919:
3910:
3898:. Retrieved
3889:
3882:
3870:. Retrieved
3863:the original
3854:
3847:
3837:23 September
3835:. Retrieved
3831:the original
3826:
3817:
3793:23 September
3791:. Retrieved
3786:
3761:. Retrieved
3757:
3748:
3736:. Retrieved
3732:
3722:
3712:21 September
3710:. Retrieved
3705:
3696:
3686:21 September
3684:. Retrieved
3680:
3671:
3640:Mobile modem
3615:VIA OpenBook
3513:Grid Compass
3510:
3394:
3387:
3374:carcinogenic
3351:
3305:
3292:
3279:
3255:
3129:, U series,
3067:
2813:Packard Bell
2748:
2687:
2636:Laptop theft
2616:Battery life
2531:
2520:
2514:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2486:
2465:Connectivity
2464:
2458:
2453:Productivity
2452:
2445:
2361:Docking port
2317:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2250:
2226:
2217:Solar panels
2203:
2173:
2152:road warrior
2147:
2141:
2113:
2088:
2084:
2069:
2048:battery pack
2040:power supply
2037:
2034:
2027:
1998:
1973:
1938:
1901:Legacy ports
1867:
1865:technology.
1832:
1820:
1786:
1771:
1703:
1680:
1636:
1632:
1613:
1598:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1552:
1533:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1473:
1471:
1458:
1423:
1419:
1411:
1394:refresh rate
1391:
1375:
1363:
1354:
1342:subnotebooks
1335:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1298:AU Optronics
1279:
1271:
1263:
1247:motherboards
1235:
1227:miniaturized
1224:
1175:
1166:
1155:Please help
1150:verification
1147:
1123:
1072:Surface Book
1066:
1053:
1047:
1008:
1003:
991:
987:
983:
979:
976:Convertibles
974:
957:
949:
946:convertibles
945:
941:
935:
927:
865:
835:
819:Samsung Sens
706:
702:
698:
683:pad of paper
666:
660:
656:
650:
646:
642:
622:
618:
616:
608:
594:
583:
572:
555:memory cards
552:
545:
521:ThinkPad 700
506:
455:
394:
352:
316:niche market
277:
273:price points
256:input/output
253:
244:
236:
232:
231:, the terms
220:
212:
208:
204:
202:
190:web browsing
160:
109:
105:
101:
97:
95:
74:
66:
43:
7612:electronics
7416:Home cinema
7354:Spintronics
7294:Atomtronics
7207:Electronics
6872:Handheld PC
6804:Subnotebook
6782:Convertible
6643:Workstation
6636:Home server
6559:Thin client
6539:Rich client
6401:www.ibm.com
6004:11 November
5783:PC Magazine
5577:How-To Geek
5558:How-To Geek
5473:27 November
5451:27 November
5425:27 November
5099:15 November
5003:PCWorld.com
4958:TechPowerUp
4828:15 November
4746:27 November
4579:Gookin, Dan
4434:"The First
4252:"InfoWorld"
4055:Epson HX-20
3645:Stereoscopy
3493:Extreme use
2852:MacBook Pro
2848:MacBook Air
2740:sperm count
2734:A study by
2679:Find My Mac
2557:form factor
2553:proprietary
2536:Performance
2446:Portability
2400:ExpressCard
2340:Serial port
2247:Accessories
2201:equipment.
2001:lithium ion
1957:PCI Express
1949:ExpressCard
1927:ports, but
1925:Thunderbolt
1909:serial port
1881:aftermarket
1823:card reader
1808:microphones
1800:touchscreen
1758:DisplayPort
1663:Thunderbolt
1628:NVM Express
1616:Microdrives
1590:floppy disk
1564:CAMM module
1462:overclocked
1412:A laptop's
1255:sound cards
1076:Lenovo Yoga
970:digital pen
962:multi-touch
954:touchscreen
872:subnotebook
858:Subnotebook
734:MacBook Air
631:"luggables"
604:peripherals
494:Ampere WS-1
484:and by the
435:Epson HX-20
413:Seiko Epson
397:Epson HX-20
167:rechargable
144:touchscreen
121:form factor
69:and a 2018
52:MacBook Pro
7670:Categories
7616:Multimedia
7606:technology
7481:Television
7411:Home robot
7401:Dishwasher
7363:Electronic
7019:Smart ring
7007:Sportwatch
7002:Smartwatch
6985:Smart band
6962:Scientific
6944:Calculator
6904:Palmtop PC
6897:Smartphone
6834:Detachable
6659:All-in-one
6609:Industrial
6506:Appliances
6381:23 October
6334:23 October
6232:"Act 1410"
6151:10 October
6059:1 November
6030:1 November
5980:8 November
5953:8 November
5927:8 November
5874:8 November
5848:8 November
5837:Daily News
5815:8 November
5789:8 November
5712:9 November
5537:7 February
5499:25 January
5366:23 October
5344:23 October
5334:Laptop.org
5314:23 October
5288:23 October
5067:google.com
4793:iFixit.com
4716:lenovo.com
4671:7 November
4312:5 December
4236:18 October
4071:, page 306
4042:google.com
3994:2 November
3900:17 October
3872:17 October
3787:Buzzle.com
3738:1 December
3663:References
3589:Smartphone
3579:Chromebook
3548:hardware.
3517:commercial
3497:See also:
3410:(Due 2016)
3346:See also:
3169:Chromebook
2991:ME Netbook
2837:Chromebook
2817:TravelMate
2675:GadgetTrak
2591:microfiber
2571:A clogged
2563:Durability
2560:prospects.
2521:All-in-One
2424:Advantages
2386:audio port
2276:Modularity
2192:classrooms
2123:heat pipes
2119:heat sinks
2115:Waste heat
1969:Micro SATA
1943:(formerly
1903:such as a
1895:, such as
1818:software.
1797:multitouch
1734:TrackPoint
1521:integrated
1474:integrated
1360:Resolution
1306:LG Display
1251:hard disks
1098:, such as
1092:Windows RT
1080:Surface RT
1062:peripheral
1031:Windows 10
1000:Windows 10
998:, such as
913:See also:
896:processors
884:smartphone
695:converging
617:The terms
513:Gavilan SC
498:Gavilan SC
363:Xerox PARC
332:See also:
269:microphone
194:multimedia
174:mobile use
125:flat-panel
90:Chromebook
56:Apple Inc.
7604:Microwave
7476:Telephone
7365:equipment
7339:Photonics
7141:Smartdust
7076:Minisuper
7071:Mainframe
7050:Supermini
6814:Smartbook
6789:Cloudbook
6691:Pizza box
6585:Computers
6544:Simulator
6281:23 August
6185:TechRadar
5755:0015-0282
5387:LaptopMag
5042:apple.com
5013:1 October
4876:The Verge
4851:Intel.com
4823:About.com
4799:1 October
4561:InfoWorld
4538:InfoWorld
4197:(13:13),
3827:NPD Group
3758:TechRadar
3733:Webopedia
3706:The Verge
3651:Cloudbook
3620:Tethering
3584:Ultrabook
3574:Smartbook
3354:beryllium
3263:Alienware
3182:(Korea):
3173:ATIV Book
3150:Toughbook
3146:Panasonic
3068:Essential
3052:ThinkBook
3022:EliteBook
2987:ME Laptop
2985:(India):
2966:, Celsius
2937:Satellite
2906:Precision
2894:Alienware
2809:eMachines
2745:sterility
2715:Bluetooth
2661:biometric
2606:heat sink
2573:heat sink
2473:Bluetooth
2355:IEEE 1394
2237:OLPC XO-3
2233:OLPC XO-1
2206:open plan
2008:batteries
1793:Bluetooth
1450:PowerBook
1400:M17x and
1380:(section
1239:Socket G2
1169:July 2016
1084:Surface 2
932:2-in-1 PC
842:Ultrabook
804:Alienware
759:Lenovo's
613:Etymology
541:PowerNow!
537:SpeedStep
509:touch pad
474:US$ 8,150
409:Las Vegas
261:touchpads
225:notebooks
203:The word
182:education
118:clamshell
77:; a 2014
60:Microsoft
58:; a 2019
7654:Wireless
7610:Military
7542:e-health
7522:Avionics
7391:Notebook
7387:Computer
7280:Advanced
7214:Branches
7165:Category
7037:Midrange
6972:Wearable
6952:Graphing
6929:Siftable
6862:E-reader
6849:Handheld
6799:Notebook
6740:Blade PC
6723:Stick PC
6703:Portable
6686:Deskside
6669:Tabletop
6614:Personal
6554:Smart TV
6306:Archived
6275:Archived
6121:20 April
5903:18038695
5763:21055743
5664:Archived
5592:Archived
5494:PC World
5273:and the
5255:7 August
4934:28 April
4908:28 April
4902:Engadget
4773:30 March
4581:(2005).
4293:"PC Mag"
4217:ethw.org
4139:Archived
3803:cite web
3763:1 August
3552:See also
3533:ThinkPad
3383:landfill
3362:chromium
3342:Disposal
3328:ChromeOS
3316:netbooks
3296:desktops
3197:(former
3184:Averatec
3180:TG Sambo
3135:Prestige
3066:and the
3048:ThinkPad
3037:Matebook
3010:Pavilion
2972:Gigabyte
2964:Lifebook
2945:Libretto
2923:(former
2921:Dynabook
2902:Latitude
2898:Inspiron
2833:Easynote
2669:Touch ID
2412:VGA port
2254:neoprene
2183:netbooks
2164:FireWire
1917:FireWire
1889:Ethernet
1778:touchpad
1756:(left),
1750:Ethernet
1738:ThinkPad
1718:touchpad
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