175:
491:
994:) to the hands, wrists, arms, neck or back. The risks of injuries can be reduced by taking frequent short breaks to get up and walk around a couple of times every hour. Users should also vary tasks throughout the day, to avoid overuse of the hands and wrists. When typing on a keyboard, a person should keep the shoulders relaxed with the elbows at the side, with the keyboard and mouse positioned so that reaching is not necessary. The chair height and keyboard tray should be adjusted so that the wrists are straight, and the wrists should not be rested on sharp table edges. Wrist or palm rests should not be used while typing.
204:
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keyboard with functions provided by the OS, or use remote access software to transmit recorded data out of the target computer to a remote location. Some hackers also use wireless keylogger sniffers to collect packets of data being transferred from a wireless keyboard and its receiver, and then they crack the encryption key being used to secure wireless communications between the two devices.
815:
241:. Due to the requirement of many notebooks to be slim, they require the keyboards to be low-profile. Therefore, this technology is most commonly featured on notebooks. The keys are attached to the keyboard via two plastic pieces that interlock in a "scissor"-like fashion and snap to the keyboard and the keycap. These keyboards are generally quiet and the keys require little force to press.
262:
stiff polydome is pressed, the conductive ink on the back of the polydome connects with the bottom layer of the circuit. Metal dome membrane switches are made of stainless steel and offer enhanced durability and reliability and can feature custom dome designs. Non-tactile flat-panel membrane keyboards have little to no keypress feel and often issue a beep or flash of light on actuation.
506:
before failing. They are used for ultra-high reliability applications such as nuclear power plants, aircraft cockpits, and critical industrial environments. They can easily be made totally waterproof, and can resist large amounts of dust and contaminants. Because a magnet and sensor are required for each key, as well as custom control electronics, they are expensive to manufacture.
970:
former spooks showed me how they could capture a user's ATM PIN, from a van parked across the street, simply by capturing and decoding the electromagnetic signals generated by every keystroke," O'Farrell said. "They could even capture keystrokes from computers in nearby offices, but the technology wasn't sophisticated enough to focus in on any specific computer."
879:-composed book from the 1940s). In other words, to convert the text from an image to editable text (that is, a string of character codes), a person could re-type it, or a computer could look at the image and deduce what each character is. OCR technology has already reached an impressive state (for example,
332:
At rest, the metal contacts inside of the switch are held apart. As the switch is pressed down, the contacts are held together to conduct current for actuation. Many switch designs use gold for contact material to prolong the lifetime of the switch by preventing switch failure from oxidization. Most
211:
Full-travel rubber dome over membrane keyboards are the most common keyboard design manufactured today. In these keyboards, a rubber dome sheet is placed above the membranes, ensuring that the domes align with the contact pads. The rubber dome serves a dual purpose: it acts as a tactile return spring
766:
A modern PC keyboard typically includes a control processor and indicator lights to provide feedback to the user about what state the keyboard is in. Depending on the sophistication of the controller's programming, the keyboard may also offer other special features. The processor is usually a single
642:
is a large family of computer keyboards created by IBM that began in late 1983 when IBM patented a membrane buckling spring key-switch design. The main intent of this design was to halve the production cost of the Model F. The most well known full-size Model M is known officially as the IBM Enhanced
513:
works through magnetic fields. Every switch has a small magnet fixed inside it. When the electricity passes through the main circuit, it creates a magnetic flux. Every time a key is pressed, the magnetic intensity changes. This change is noticed by the circuit and the sensors send the information to
182:
A common membrane design consists of three layers. The top and bottom layer have exposed electrical matrix traces, and the middle layer is a spacer to prevent current from passing through the top and bottom conductive traces passively. When pressure is applied to the top membrane, it bridges the top
505:
to detect the movement of a magnet by the potential difference in voltage. When a key is depressed, it moves a magnet that is detected by a solid-state sensor. Because they require no physical contact for actuation, Hall-effect keyboards are extremely reliable and can accept millions of keystrokes
390:
The reed module in a reed switch consists of two metal contacts inside of a glass bubble usually sealed with some inert gas like nitrogen to help prevent particle build-up. The slider in the housing pushes a magnet down in front of the reed capsule and the magnetic field causes the reed contacts to
303:
Computer keyboards made of flexible silicone or polyurethane materials can roll up in a bundle. This type of keyboard can take advantage of the thin flexible plastic membranes, but still pose the risk of damage. When they are completely sealed in rubber, they are water resistant. Roll-up keyboards
969:
Keyboards are also known to emit electromagnetic signatures that can be detected using special spying equipment to reconstruct the keys pressed on the keyboard. Neal O'Farrell, executive director of the
Identity Theft Council, revealed to InformationWeek that "More than 25 years ago, a couple of
261:
Flat-panel membrane keyboards are often used in harsh environments where water or leak-proofing is desirable. They can have non-tactile, polydome tactile and metal dome tactile keys. Polydome tactile membrane switches use polyester, or PET, and is formed to create a stiff plastic dome. When the
244:
Scissor-switch keyboards are typically slightly more expensive. They are harder to clean (due to the limited movement of the keys and their multiple attachment points) but also less likely to get debris in them as the gaps between the keys are often smaller (as there is no need for extra room to
893:. For certain uses (e.g., transcription of medical or legal dictation; journalism; writing essays or novels) speech recognition is starting to replace the keyboard. However, the lack of privacy when issuing voice commands and dictation makes this kind of input unsuitable for many environments.
541:
is directed from side to side of the keyboard interior, and it can only be blocked by the actuated keys. Most optical keyboards require at least two beams (most commonly a vertical beam and a horizontal beam) to determine the actuated key. Some optical keyboards use a special key structure that
460:
The sensor tells enough about the distance of the keypress to allow the user to adjust the actuation point (key sensitivity). This adjustment can be done with the help of the bundled software and individually for each key, if so implemented. A keyboard which utilizes these abilities include the
899:
can be used to enter text or characters in contexts where using a physical keyboard would be inappropriate or impossible. These accessories typically present characters on a display, in a layout that provides fast access to the more frequently used characters or character combinations. Popular
946:
Keystroke logging can be achieved by both hardware and software means. Hardware key loggers are attached to the keyboard cable or installed inside standard keyboards. Software keyloggers work on the target computer's operating system and gain unauthorized access to the hardware, hook into the
154:
can be notified to the system, making the keyboard immediately ready to use without the need for further configuration, unless the user so desires. This also enables manufacture of generic keyboards for a variety of language markets, that differ only in the symbols engraved on the keytops.
586:
and cellphones, and many models have retractable cords and wireless capabilities. However, this design is prone to error, as accidental disruption of the laser will generate unwanted keystrokes. This type of keyboard's inherent lack of tactile feedback makes it often undesirable.
714:
the keystrokes, by averaging the signal over time to produce one "confirmed" keystroke that (usually) corresponds to a single press or release. Early membrane keyboards had limited typing speed because they had to do significant debouncing. This was a noticeable problem on the
966:" with his or her typed information. Automatic form-filling programs can prevent keylogging entirely by not using the keyboard at all. Most keyloggers can be fooled by alternating between typing the login credentials and typing characters somewhere else in the focus window.
120:
includes many elements. Many different keyboard technologies have been developed for consumer demands and optimized for industrial applications. The standard full-size (100%) computer alphanumeric keyboard typically uses 101 to 105 keys; keyboards integrated in
1001:
ranging from special keyboards, mouse replacements and pen tablet interfaces to speech recognition software can reduce the risk of injury. Pause software reminds the user to pause frequently. Switching to a much more ergonomic mouse, such as a
774:
variant. The keyboard switch matrix is wired to its inputs and it processes the incoming keystrokes and sends the results down a serial cable (the keyboard cord) to a receiver in the main computer box. It also controls the illumination of the
398:
Although reed switches use metal leaf contacts, they are considered separate from all other forms of metal contact switch because the contacts are operated magnetically instead of using physical force from a slider to be pressed together.
320:
Keyboard which have metal contact switches typically use discrete modules for each key. This type of switch are usually composed of a housing, a spring, and a slider, and sometimes other parts such as a separate tactile leaf or clickbar.
707:) against its contacts several times before settling. When released, it oscillates again until it comes to rest. Although it happens on a scale too small to be visible to the naked eye, it can be enough to register multiple keystrokes.
634:
series was the first to employ buckling spring key-switches, which used capacitive sensing to actuate. The original patent was never employed in an actual production keyboard but it establishes the basic premise of a buckling spring.
856:). Certain, often more expensive, keyboards have a diode between each intersection, allowing the keyboard microcontroller to accurately sense any number of simultaneous keys being pressed, without generating erroneous ghost keys.
939:(often called keylogging) is a method of capturing and recording user keystrokes. While it can be used legally to measure employee activity, or by law enforcement agencies to investigate suspicious activities, it is also used by
757:
Almost all keyboards which utilize keys two or more units in length (such as the typical space bar or enter key) use stabilizers. Various lubricants and padding techniques can be used to reduce the rattle of components.
581:
A laser projection device approximately the size of a computer mouse projects the outline of keyboard keys onto a flat surface, such as a table or desk. This type of keyboard is portable enough to be easily used with
1474:
953:
applications are able to detect many keyloggers and remove them. Responsible vendors of monitoring software support detection by anti-spyware programs, thus preventing abuse of the software. Enabling a
186:
Two of the most common types of membrane keyboards include full-travel rubber dome over membrane and flat-panel membrane keyboards. Flat-panel membrane keyboards are most often found on appliances like
1533:
962:(also known as reverse-firewalls) can be used to alert the user whenever an application attempts to make a network connection. This gives the user the chance to prevent the keylogger from "
794:
running in the main computer; if the main computer is operating, it commands the light to turn on. All the other indicator lights work in a similar way. The keyboard driver also tracks the
746:, or made of transparent material with printed paper inserts. There are also keycaps which utilize thin shells that are placed over key bases, which were used on several IBM PC keyboards.
344:
family of switches since the 1980s. Cherry's color-coding system of categorizing switches has been imitated by other switch manufacturers, such as
Gateron and Kailh among many others.
415:
In a capacitive mechanism, pressing a key changes the capacitance of a pattern of capacitor pads. The pattern consists of two D-shaped capacitor pads for each switch, printed on a
522:
Optical switch technology was introduced in 1962 by Harley E. Kelchner for use in a typewriter machine with the purpose of reducing the noise generated by typewriter keys.
434:, finished with aluminum foil. Opposite the switch is a PCB with the capacitor pads. When the key is pressed, the foil tightly clings to the surface of the PCB, forming a
1551:
347:
Keyboards which utilize this technology are commonly referred to as "mechanical keyboards", but there isn't a universally agreed-upon clear-cut definition for this term.
1149:
1268:
374:
are instead soldered on. Hot-swap sockets can allow users to change different switches out of the keyboard without having the tools or knowledge required to solder.
212:
and provides a soft surface to transfer force onto the top membrane. To bridge the connection between the two contact pads, the rubber dome must be fully depressed.
1466:
556:
A major advantage of optical switch technology is that it is very resistant to moisture, dust, and debris because there are no metal contacts that can corrode.
624:) atop the switch is responsible for the clicky response of the keyboard. This mechanism controls a small hammer that strikes a capacitive or membrane switch.
475:
is a design consisting of a buckling spring over a capacitive PCB, similar to the later Model M keyboard, but instead used membrane sensing in place of a PCB.
1525:
1303:
1237:
1090:
889:
converts speech into machine-readable text (that is, a string of character codes). This technology has also reached an advanced state and is implemented in
304:
provide relatively little tactile feedback. Because these keyboards are typically made of silicone, they unfavorably tend to attract dirt, dust, and hair.
453:
An advantage of the capacitive technology is that the switch is not dependent on the flow of current through metal contacts to actuate. There is no
545:
The mechanism of the optical keyboard is very simple – a light beam is sent from the emitter to the receiving sensor, and the actuated key blocks,
1489:
563:
keyboard uses optical technology to sense keypresses with a single light beam and sensor per key. The keys are held in their rest position by
875:(OCR) is preferable to rekeying for converting existing text that is already written down but not in machine-readable format (for example, a
215:
Rubber dome over membrane keyboards became very popular with computer manufacturers as they sought to reduce costs while PC prices declined.
1292:
1603:
1330:
430:
For the most common, foam and foil implementation of this technology, the movable part ends with a flat foam element about the size of an
1631:
482:
design for switches uses a conical spring below a rubber dome. The dome provides resistance, while the spring does the capacitive action.
1372:
30:
This article is about the physical structure and electronic mechanisms of computer keyboards. For layout and behaviour in software, see
1644:
wrists should not be rested on sharp table edges. ... Switching .. to using a stylus pen with graphic tablet or a trackpad such as ...
1425:
958:
does not stop keyloggers per se, but can possibly prevent transmission of the logged material over the net if properly configured.
1547:
142:
The majority of modern keyboards include a control processor and indicator lights to provide feedback to the user (and to the
391:
become attracted to each other and make contact. The reed switch mechanism was originally invented in 1936 by W B Ellwood at
139:
instead. This variety of keyboard can prove useful, as it is not limited by the rigid nature of physical computer keyboards.
17:
1180:
1141:
790:
A common test for whether the computer has crashed is pressing the "caps lock" key. The keyboard sends the key code to the
533:
to optically detect actuated keys. Most commonly the emitters and sensors are located at the perimeter, mounted on a small
1577:
1260:
890:
90:
68:
567:; when the magnetic force is overcome to press a key, the optical path is unblocked and the keypress is registered.
61:
1444:
1300:
1229:
1078:
852:(but no diode) at each intersection, which causes "ghost keys" and "key jamming" when multiple keys are pressed (
542:
blocks the light in a certain pattern, allowing only one beam per row of keys (most commonly a horizontal beam).
832:
The keyboard switch matrix is often drawn with horizontal wires and vertical wires in a grid which is called a
510:
1388:
872:
1026:
1662:
929:
keyboards are known to be vulnerable to signal theft for keylogging by other
Bluetooth devices in range.
731:
392:
730:
are used on full-travel keyboards. While modern keycaps are typically surface-printed, they can also be
1500:
940:
819:
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was established and purchased the keyboard patents and tooling equipment to continue their production.
583:
358:
keyboards are keyboards in which switches can be pulled out and replaced without requiring the typical
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739:
55:
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833:
827:
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987:
72:
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for illegal or malicious acts. Hackers use keyloggers to obtain passwords or encryption keys.
534:
416:
367:
955:
546:
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237:
A common, compact variant of rubber dome over membrane is the scissor-switch, based on the
1417:
8:
998:
837:
576:
35:
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901:
886:
880:
868:
On-screen keyboard controlled with the mouse can be used by users with limited mobility
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1017:, in place of a mouse, one can lessen the repetitive strain on the arms and hands.
909:
876:
749:
Switches allow for the removal and replacement of keycaps with a common stem type.
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631:
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31:
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1354:"Keyboards with Hall Effect Technology – Why is it better than other switches?"
1014:
1003:
933:
wireless keyboards 2011 and earlier are documented to have this vulnerability.
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698:
646:
324:
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allow for the 'wiggle' in the key, as typically found on a membrane keyboard).
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791:
735:
686:
274:
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147:
109:
Keyboard construction of a typical notebook computer keyboard, in four layers
818:
A close-up of a keyboard matrix circuit printed onto a flexible transparent
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690:
355:
229:
803:
784:
498:
450:
between them. Usually, this permits a pulse or pulse train to be sensed.
443:
439:
312:
265:
Although this keyboard design was commonly used in the early days of the
192:
132:
1261:"The Keychron Q1 Is an Enthusiast-Quality Keyboard Right Out of the Box"
105:
1440:
768:
550:
454:
424:
420:
1490:"How To Login From an Internet Cafe Without Worrying About Keyloggers"
693:. The switch bounces between on and off several times before settling.
673:
IBM continued to make Model M's in their
Scotland factory until 1999.
553:
or otherwise interacts with the beam, resulting in an identified key.
333:
designs use a metal leaf, where the movable contact is a leaf spring.
135:
interface, have no physical switches and provide artificial audio and
1548:"How To Prevent Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: 9 Hand & Wrist Exercises"
930:
926:
795:
776:
743:
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and itself separated with a thin soldermask, and thus "shorting" the
359:
341:
278:
253:
600:
289:
281:), they have been supplanted by more responsive and modern designs.
1325:
1010:
780:
560:
1467:"This Fake Phone Charger Is Actually Recording Every Key You Type"
864:
183:
and bottom conductive contact pads, allowing current to transfer.
1403:"Rocking switch actuator for a low force membrane contact switch"
950:
799:
667:
666:
continued to be manufactured for IBM by
Lexmark until 1996, when
662:
transferred its keyboard operations to the daughter company. New
655:
639:
681:
650:
A classic full-size Model M keyboard with
Spanish ISO key layout
1321:"The complete guide to mechanical keyboard switches for gaming"
1086:
1046:
1041:
1036:
727:
564:
407:
1487:
316:
Cherry MX Blue (left) and disassembled Cherry MX Brown (right)
1418:"King of click: the story of the greatest keyboard ever made"
538:
479:
1171:
Burek, John; Brant, Tom; Wilson, Jeffrey L. (19 July 2021).
836:. It has a switch at some or all intersections, much like a
814:
716:
207:
Exploded view of a typical rubber dome over membrane design
1289:
Topre keyboard documentation, describing various features
986:
The use of any keyboard may cause serious injury (such as
1127:"Roll-Up Keyboards - What are They and Are They Durable?"
659:
627:
468:
1377:, Wakwak, archived from the original on 14 February 2007
293:
Most keyboards are rigid, but this keyboard is flexible.
336:
A major producer of discrete metal contact switches is
494:
RAFI RS 76 C 010 hall effect switch fully disassembled
859:
1142:"The Company That Makes Mechanical Keyboards Clack"
1204:"The problems with the term 'mechanical keyboard'"
1654:
1170:
982:Proper ergonomic design of a desktop workstation
419:(PCB) and covered by a thin, insulating film of
1230:"The 8 Best Hop Swappable Mechanical Keyboards"
604:Illustration from the original buckling spring
366:pins being directly soldered to the keyboard's
1415:
710:To resolve this, the processor in a keyboard
590:
198:
1526:"6 Tips To Secure Webcams, Stop Keyloggers"
150:technology means that its "out of the box"
1488:Herley, Cormac; Florencio, Dinei (2006).
809:
350:
91:Learn how and when to remove this message
977:
863:
813:
680:
645:
599:
525:An optical keyboard technology utilizes
489:
406:
381:
323:
311:
288:
252:
228:
202:
173:
104:
54:This article includes a list of general
146:) about what state the keyboard is in.
14:
1655:
1536:from the original on 30 December 2013.
1318:
1271:from the original on 11 September 2021
1258:
1240:from the original on 11 September 2021
1227:
1183:from the original on 11 September 2021
1152:from the original on 11 September 2021
1006:or joystick mouse may provide relief.
703:When a key is pressed, it oscillates (
248:
1351:
1319:Wong, Anson; Li, Tom (6 April 2019).
1201:
1139:
1093:from the original on 22 February 2012
411:Topre electrostatic capacitive switch
1477:from the original on 10 August 2017.
1079:"Mechanical vs membrane keyswitches"
920:
883:) and promises more for the future.
386:Reed switch with reed module removed
158:
40:
1352:James, Elliana (21 November 2020).
900:examples of this kind of input are
848:Almost all keyboards have only the
570:
284:
34:. For keyboards used in music, see
24:
1606:from the original on 15 April 2017
1580:from the original on 26 April 2021
1554:from the original on 16 April 2021
1438:
1113:"Dotkeys | Membrane Switches"
973:
654:In 1993, two years after spawning
595:
446:with an easily detectable drop of
131:, which are mostly accessed via a
125:are typically less comprehensive.
60:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1674:
1447:from the original on 16 June 2013
1428:from the original on 4 April 2021
1333:from the original on 4 March 2020
860:Alternative text-entering methods
218:
1634:from the original on 25 May 2022
1600:"Wrist Rests : OSH Answers"
1416:Adi Robertson (7 October 2014),
1259:Porter, Jon (9 September 2021).
307:
45:
27:Hardware technology of keyboards
1618:
1592:
1566:
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1459:
1432:
1409:
1395:
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1312:
915:
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1221:
1202:Shark, Admiral (30 May 2021).
1195:
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1133:
1119:
1105:
1071:
761:
752:
485:
13:
1:
1574:"Sharp Edges on Mac Book Pro"
1228:Schoon, Eric (28 June 2021).
1173:"The Best Keyboards for 2021"
1140:Smith, Ernie (10 July 2018).
1064:
873:Optical character recognition
843:
676:
402:
1027:List of mechanical keyboards
7:
1497:Microsoft Research, Redmond
1020:
393:Bell Telephone Laboratories
362:connection. Instead of the
340:, who has manufactured the
178:A typical membrane assembly
163:
10:
1679:
1627:Complete Computer Hardware
992:repetitive strain injuries
825:
722:
696:
574:
517:
438:of two capacitors between
296:
222:
167:
29:
1387:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1371:"Tech: buckling spring",
1306:17 September 2021 at the
1299:and they software manual
1208:Admiral Shark's Keyboards
1059:List of keyboard switches
891:various software products
591:Notable switch mechanisms
328:Cherry MX switch contacts
199:Rubber dome over membrane
1473:. AOL. 14 January 2015.
233:Scissor switch mechanism
1013:or a stylus pen with a
828:Keyboard matrix circuit
806:state of the keyboard.
740:dye sublimation printed
610:, issued to IBM in 1978
377:
75:more precise citations.
1441:"Keyboard Matrix Help"
988:carpal tunnel syndrome
983:
869:
823:
810:Keyboard switch matrix
694:
651:
611:
527:light-emitting devices
495:
412:
387:
351:Hot-swappable keyboard
329:
317:
294:
258:
234:
208:
179:
110:
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867:
817:
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621:U.S. patent 4,118,611
607:U.S. patent 4,118,611
603:
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417:printed circuit board
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385:
327:
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292:
256:
232:
206:
177:
108:
18:Alphanumeric keyboard
1602:. 23 November 2022.
1532:. 10 December 2013.
1295:23 July 2019 at the
448:capacitive reactance
1129:. 12 November 2021.
999:adaptive technology
838:multiplexed display
618:mechanism (expired
577:Projection keyboard
503:Hall effect sensors
249:Flat-panel membrane
36:Keyboard instrument
1663:Computer keyboards
984:
887:Speech recognition
881:Google Book Search
870:
824:
732:double-shot molded
695:
652:
612:
496:
413:
388:
330:
318:
299:Roll-away computer
295:
259:
257:Atari 400 keyboard
239:scissors mechanism
235:
209:
180:
117:computer keyboards
111:
937:Keystroke logging
921:Keystroke logging
910:virtual keyboards
664:Model M keyboards
514:the motherboard.
480:Topre Corporation
267:personal computer
170:Membrane keyboard
159:Keystroke sensing
144:central processor
129:Virtual keyboards
101:
100:
93:
16:(Redirected from
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1641:
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1506:on 8 August 2017
1505:
1499:. Archived from
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1098:
1075:
1054:Keyboard mapping
960:Network monitors
897:Pointing devices
632:Model F keyboard
623:
609:
571:Laser projection
473:Model F keyboard
423:which acts as a
285:Roll-up keyboard
225:Chiclet keyboard
123:laptop computers
96:
89:
85:
82:
76:
71:this article by
62:inline citations
49:
48:
41:
21:
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67:Please help to
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33:
19:
1643:
1636:. Retrieved
1626:
1620:
1608:. Retrieved
1594:
1582:. Retrieved
1568:
1556:. Retrieved
1542:
1530:Dark Reading
1529:
1520:
1510:10 September
1508:. Retrieved
1501:the original
1496:
1483:
1470:
1461:
1449:. Retrieved
1434:
1421:
1411:
1397:
1373:
1366:
1357:
1347:
1335:. Retrieved
1324:
1314:
1285:
1275:11 September
1273:. Retrieved
1264:
1254:
1244:11 September
1242:. Retrieved
1233:
1223:
1211:. Retrieved
1207:
1197:
1187:11 September
1185:. Retrieved
1176:
1166:
1156:11 September
1154:. Retrieved
1145:
1135:
1121:
1107:
1095:, retrieved
1082:
1073:
1008:
996:
985:
968:
964:phoning home
951:Anti-spyware
949:
945:
935:
925:Unencrypted
924:
916:Other issues
895:
885:
871:
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765:
762:Other parts
756:
748:
736:laser marked
726:
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691:oscilloscope
685:Snapshot of
672:
653:
637:
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193:photocopiers
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87:
78:
59:
1234:Review Geek
1009:By using a
785:scroll lock
753:Stabilizers
511:hall switch
499:Hall effect
486:Hall effect
457:necessary.
436:daisy chain
370:, hot-swap
133:touchscreen
73:introducing
1471:TechCrunch
1451:21 January
1213:8 December
1065:References
844:Ghost keys
787:" lights.
697:See also:
677:Debouncing
643:Keyboard.
455:debouncing
425:dielectric
421:soldermask
403:Capacitive
297:See also:
223:See also:
56:references
1422:The Verge
1337:9 January
1265:The Verge
1083:Keyboards
990:or other
931:Microsoft
927:Bluetooth
777:caps lock
712:debounces
342:Cherry MX
279:Atari 400
1657:Category
1632:Archived
1604:Archived
1578:Archived
1552:Archived
1534:Archived
1475:Archived
1445:Archived
1426:archived
1383:citation
1358:Keybolab
1331:Archived
1326:PC Gamer
1304:Archived
1293:Archived
1269:Archived
1238:Archived
1181:Archived
1150:Archived
1097:21 April
1091:archived
1089:: Ergo,
1021:See also
1011:touchpad
956:firewall
902:Graffiti
877:Linotype
854:rollover
781:num lock
744:engraved
638:The IBM
561:DataHand
551:refracts
547:reflects
269:(on the
164:Membrane
81:May 2022
1610:1 April
1584:1 April
1558:1 April
941:hackers
804:control
783:" and "
728:Keycaps
723:Keycaps
705:bounces
668:Unicomp
656:Lexmark
640:Model M
565:magnets
518:Optical
372:sockets
69:improve
1638:18 May
1177:PC Mag
1047:QWERTZ
1042:QWERTY
1037:AZERTY
906:Dasher
850:switch
689:on an
537:. The
364:switch
360:solder
338:Cherry
152:layout
58:, but
1504:(PDF)
1493:(PDF)
997:Some
822:sheet
796:shift
767:chip
539:light
1640:2022
1612:2021
1586:2021
1560:2021
1512:2008
1453:2013
1389:link
1339:2020
1277:2021
1246:2021
1215:2023
1189:2021
1158:2021
1146:Vice
1099:2009
802:and
779:", "
769:8048
717:ZX81
614:The
584:PDAs
529:and
478:The
378:Reed
277:and
275:ZX81
113:The
1301:pdf
820:PET
800:alt
660:IBM
630:'s
628:IBM
535:PCB
471:'s
469:IBM
368:PCB
191:or
1659::
1642:.
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1420:,
1385:}}
1381:{{
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775:"
94:)
88:(
83:)
79:(
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38:.
20:)
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