789:
1470:
812:. The supernatant is taken for filtration after standing for 4 hours, the pH of the filtrate is adjusted to 5.5-6.0 with a dilute alkaline solution, then a saturated calcium chloride solution is added to precipitate calcium-lac acid. After 8 hours of clarification . The supernatant is removed, the precipitate is filtered, after filtration, concentrated hydrochloric acid is added, washed with water until the acid is no longer present, and dried to obtain the final lac red pigment.
768:
22:
596:
589:
582:
575:
568:
126:
800:
adjusts to 2.1. Let stand for 3-4 hours, clean and filter. Concentrated sulfuric acid is added to the filtrate until the pigment crystals precipitate, filtered through spun silk (~0.12 mm), the filtrate is allowed to stand for 1-2 days, and then the pigment crystals are precipitated, filtered and washed 3 times by water , dried crush and sift at 60 °C, resulting in a final product with a degree of separation of ~0.8%.
434:
831:
As a major component of lac dye, LCA is usually chosen as a representative for the lac dye to describe their thermodynamics properties including adsorption, dyeability, fastness and shade variation of lac dyeing on silk and cotton. Studies indicate that the intermolecular interactions between LCA and
497:
These derivatives differ through one ramification except for the acid D, which is closer in form to the kermesic acid. Acid laccaic D can be confused or interchanged with flavokermisic acid due to their almost identical structure. These acids can all be represented in a general form (lac-dye), where
799:
Grind the body with the appropriate amount of water, then use 4-5 times the original amount of water for extraction several times. Centrifuge to remove all slag, then add a small amount of sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride solution to the extract, then add dilute chloric acid. The pH slowly
844:
colors, but warmer, softer and more muted. Lac paint has high light and washing fastness on silk and wool. Only small amounts are needed for medium depth shade. Lac is not so fast in cellulose fibers (plant fibers). Lac is very sensitive to pH, increasing alkalinity will turn the colors plummy
779:
collected from Rain trees (mostly located in Asia) can be powdered in a mill and finely ground. The powdered material is extracted with deionized water at 60°C for 1 h. The aqueous solution is filtered and then concentrated under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator to give a crude lac dye
459:
word laksha, meaning a hundred thousand lice, and came into German via the
Italian “lacca” in the 16th century. The word also exists in Hindi (Lakh) and Sinhala (Lakda). The term Lac Dye comes from English "dye" means paint dye. This pigment is mostly found in South and South-East Asia.
196:
1189:
Oka, Hisao; Ito, Yuko; Yamada, Sadaji; Kagami, Tadaaki; Hayakawa, Junko; Harada, Ken-ichi; Atsumi, Eiichiro; Suzuki, Masanao; Suzuki, Makoto; Odani, Hiroko; Akahori, Setsuko; Maeda, Kenji; Nakazawa, Hiroyuki; Ito, Yoichiro (1998-07-10).
743:
Laccaic acid A has an amide functional group in its structure while the acids B, C, and E have amine groups. The only difference between the acid D and kermesic acid is a hydroxide function missing on the position 8.
468:
Laccaic acids are mainly used to dye natural fabrics (mostly silk, wool, or cotton) and food, including both drinks and solid products. It is one of the most common natural dyes, but it is less used in cosmetics than
284:
InChI=1S/C26H19NO12/c1-8(28)27-5-4-9-2-3-12(29)10(6-9)15-22(33)19-18(24(35)23(15)34)20(31)11-7-13(30)16(25(36)37)17(26(38)39)14(11)21(19)32/h2-3,6-7,29-30,33-35H,4-5H2,1H3,(H,27,28)(H,36,37)(H,38,39)
489:, a Roman writer on a volume about natural history. This pigment made from lac dye, Indian Lake, was listed by Winsor & Newton in their 1896 catalogue.
823:
is inhibited by LCA which has a stronger inhibitory effect than SG-1027 (HY-13962). LCA is a class of DNMT inhibitors may be a useful mechanism to inhibit DNMT.
473:, the main natural dye used in this industry. The bright red colorant gives a lightfast tint to silk and wool. It is a similar color to dyes obtained from
1276:
936:
Park, Jin-Sung; Kim, Seung-Hyun; Kim, Yun-Soon; Kwon, Euna; Lim, Hyun-Jin; Han, Kang-Min; Choi, Yang-Kyu; Jung, Chul-Woo; Kang, Byeong-Cheol (2022-10-31).
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
297:
845:
purple, while acidity will give bright oranges. However, colors that have been altered by the pH change may turn red again after washing.
938:"Nonclinical safety evaluation of food colorant lac dye via systematic toxicity profiling with assessment of in vivo antigenic potential"
757:
1290:
Adeel, Shahid; Hussaan, Muhammad; Rehman, Fazal-ur; Habib, Noman; Salman, Mahwish; Naz, Saba; Amin, Nimra; Akhtar, Nasim (2018-03-20).
808:
After the dye washing of the wastewater from the shellac cleaning, the pH value of the solution is adjusted to 4.0-4.5 with dilute
752:
Acids A, B, C, and E can be isolated from lac dye through many different ways: microwave induced from lac insects, high speed
86:
58:
275:
105:
65:
389:
1410:
Fagan, Rebecca L.; Cryderman, Diane E.; Kopelovich, Levy; Wallrath, Lori L.; Brenner, Charles (16 August 2013).
788:
43:
1292:"Microwave-assisted sustainable dyeing of wool fabric using cochineal-based carminic acid as natural colorant"
72:
753:
39:
780:
extract, which can then be used without further purification. This extract can be directly named lac dye.
1557:
54:
1239:"Bioactivity-guided isolation of Laccaic Acid-A: A potent anti-cancer agent from Laccifer lacca (Kerr)"
832:
fibers as well as between LCA and mordants play a key role on the adsorption and dyeability of lac dye
1489:
1191:
996:
734:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
1135:
1339:"Isolation and Structure Determination of Laccaic Acid F from Lac-Dye Produced from Thai Sticklac"
32:
1411:
1270:
236:
138:
1238:
912:
840:
Lac extract produces purple colors from burgundy to deep purple. The colors are similar to
172:
1474:
1469:
79:
8:
1562:
162:
1473: This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the
216:
1446:
1368:
1319:
1171:
972:
937:
1505:
1488:
Kongkachuichay, Paisan; Shitangkoon, Aroonsiri; Chinwongamorn, Nontalee (2002-05-01).
1207:
1012:
437:
Mixture of milk and lac dye - A ceremony welcoming the newly wed bride to her new home
1509:
1451:
1433:
1360:
1323:
1311:
1258:
1219:
1211:
1163:
1155:
1110:
1016:
977:
959:
863:
809:
603:
486:
305:
CC(=O)NCCC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)C2=C(C3=C(C(=C2O)O)C(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C3=O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)O)O
1412:"Laccaic Acid A Is a Direct, DNA-competitive Inhibitor of DNA Methyltransferase 1 *"
1372:
1175:
1085:
1060:
1035:
888:
261:
1501:
1441:
1423:
1350:
1303:
1291:
1250:
1203:
1147:
1008:
967:
949:
680:
320:
1307:
1151:
1136:"The red insect dyes: carminic, kermesic and laccaic acids and their derivatives"
1527:
1386:
1192:"Separation of lac dye components by high-speed counter-current chromatography"
954:
383:
371:
1254:
1551:
1513:
1437:
1364:
1315:
1262:
1215:
1159:
1020:
963:
427:
423:
409:
1428:
1355:
1338:
513:
Acid E (7--3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid)
507:
Acid C (7--3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid)
504:
Acid B (3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-7--9,10-dioxoanthracene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid)
1455:
1167:
981:
418:
1336:
1223:
510:
Acid D (3,6,8-trihydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylic acid)
776:
482:
767:
702:
351:
227:
1487:
841:
561:
474:
412:
derivatives, designated A through E, which are components of the red
382:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
21:
456:
477:
and kermes. The color of the dye can be modified by the choice of
195:
142:
7--3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
595:
588:
581:
574:
567:
478:
470:
452:
413:
361:
248:
125:
1409:
433:
1337:
Dingyu Hu; Akira
Hasegawa; Shin-ichi Nakatsuka (1997-08-01).
820:
207:
185:
485:
dye can be traced back to 250 AD when it was mentioned by
430:. This article focuses primarily on laccaic acid A (LCA).
1289:
1490:"Thermodynamics of adsorption of laccaic acid on silk"
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1188:
1275:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
1549:
994:
803:
783:
762:
260:
171:
1237:Ghosh, Manik; Dey, Suddhasattya (2019-10-14).
935:
995:Wouters, Jan; Verhecken, André (1987-01-01).
997:"The chemical nature of flavokermesic acid"
913:"laccaic acid A | C26H19NO12 | ChemSpider"
235:
1445:
1427:
1354:
971:
953:
815:
498:the derivative A is the most important.
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
1236:
787:
766:
758:liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
523:
481:from violet to red to brown. The use of
432:
1243:Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge
1133:
747:
1550:
771:Stick lac next to colored silk strings
701:
215:
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
1108:
1083:
1058:
1033:
886:
861:
501:The different derivatives include:
251:
13:
14:
1574:
1468:
835:
594:
587:
580:
573:
566:
338:
332:
124:
20:
1520:
1481:
1416:Journal of Biological Chemistry
1403:
1379:
1330:
1283:
1230:
1182:
1140:Biotechnic & Histochemistry
1127:
386:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
31:needs additional citations for
1102:
1077:
1052:
1027:
988:
929:
905:
880:
855:
754:counter-current chromatography
492:
341:
326:
1:
1506:10.1016/S0143-7208(02)00014-1
1308:10.1080/15440478.2018.1448317
1208:10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00311-2
1152:10.1080/10520295.2018.1511065
1134:Cooksey, C. J. (2019-02-17).
1013:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)95325-5
848:
804:Color water extraction method
784:Extraction from insect corpse
763:Extraction from the stick lac
516:
455:goes back to the old Indian
446:
7:
1343:Heterocyclic Communications
1196:Journal of Chromatography A
10:
1579:
955:10.3389/fphar.2022.1020379
679:
602:
560:
530:
441:
356:537.44 g·mol
1296:Journal of Natural Fibers
1255:10.56042/ijtk.v18i4.28998
942:Frontiers in Pharmacology
733:
416:obtained from the insect
380:
313:
293:
271:
155:
150:Red lac, Shellac, Lac dye
147:
137:
132:
123:
1115:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1090:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1065:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1040:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
893:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
868:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
463:
1429:10.1074/jbc.M113.480517
1356:10.1515/HC.1997.3.4.327
1257:(inactive 2024-09-19).
826:
816:Biochemical properties
796:
772:
438:
791:
770:
436:
376:0.0±0.3 mmHg at 25°C
748:Isolation/extraction
408:are a group of five
40:improve this article
1422:(33): 23858–23867.
1001:Tetrahedron Letters
120:
1558:Anthraquinone dyes
917:www.chemspider.com
797:
773:
439:
390:Infobox references
118:
1532:materialarchiv.ch
1528:"Material-Archiv"
1494:Dyes and Pigments
1007:(11): 1199–1202.
810:hydrochloric acid
741:
740:
604:Molecular formula
487:Claudius Aelianus
398:Chemical compound
396:
395:
197:Interactive image
116:
115:
108:
90:
1570:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1485:
1479:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1449:
1431:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1358:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1302:(7): 1026–1034.
1287:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1266:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1111:"Laccaic acid E"
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1086:"Laccaic acid D"
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1061:"Laccaic acid C"
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1036:"Laccaic acid B"
1031:
1025:
1024:
992:
986:
985:
975:
957:
933:
927:
926:
924:
923:
909:
903:
902:
900:
899:
889:"Laccaic acid A"
884:
878:
877:
875:
874:
859:
681:Molecular weight
598:
591:
584:
577:
570:
521:
520:
343:
340:
334:
328:
321:Chemical formula
264:
253:
239:
219:
199:
175:
128:
121:
117:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1536:
1534:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1486:
1482:
1460:
1458:
1408:
1404:
1395:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1335:
1331:
1288:
1284:
1268:
1267:
1235:
1231:
1187:
1183:
1132:
1128:
1119:
1117:
1107:
1103:
1094:
1092:
1082:
1078:
1069:
1067:
1057:
1053:
1044:
1042:
1032:
1028:
993:
989:
934:
930:
921:
919:
911:
910:
906:
897:
895:
885:
881:
872:
870:
864:"Kermesic Acid"
860:
856:
851:
838:
829:
818:
806:
786:
765:
750:
675:
671:
667:
661:
657:
653:
647:
643:
639:
633:
629:
625:
619:
615:
611:
519:
495:
466:
449:
444:
406:laccainic acids
399:
392:
387:
346:
337:
331:
323:
309:
306:
301:
300:
289:
286:
285:
279:
278:
267:
254:
242:
222:
202:
189:
178:
165:
151:
143:
119:Laccaic acid A
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
1576:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1544:
1543:
1519:
1500:(2): 179–185.
1480:
1402:
1391:www.chembk.com
1387:"LACCAIC ACID"
1378:
1349:(4): 327–330.
1329:
1282:
1249:(4): 677–685.
1229:
1181:
1146:(2): 100–107.
1126:
1101:
1076:
1051:
1026:
987:
928:
904:
879:
853:
852:
850:
847:
837:
834:
828:
825:
817:
814:
805:
802:
785:
782:
764:
761:
749:
746:
739:
738:
731:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
699:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
677:
676:
673:
669:
665:
662:
659:
655:
651:
648:
645:
641:
637:
634:
631:
627:
623:
620:
617:
613:
609:
606:
600:
599:
592:
585:
578:
571:
564:
558:
557:
555:Laccaic acid E
552:
550:Laccaic acid D
547:
545:Laccaic acid C
542:
540:Laccaic acid B
537:
535:Laccaic acid A
532:
528:
527:
518:
515:
494:
491:
465:
462:
448:
445:
443:
442:History
440:
397:
394:
393:
388:
384:standard state
381:
378:
377:
374:
372:Vapor pressure
368:
367:
364:
358:
357:
354:
348:
347:
344:
335:
329:
324:
319:
316:
315:
311:
310:
308:
307:
304:
296:
295:
294:
291:
290:
288:
287:
283:
282:
274:
273:
272:
269:
268:
266:
265:
257:
255:
247:
244:
243:
241:
240:
232:
230:
224:
223:
221:
220:
212:
210:
204:
203:
201:
200:
192:
190:
183:
180:
179:
177:
176:
168:
166:
161:
158:
157:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
141:
135:
134:
130:
129:
114:
113:
55:"Laccaic acid"
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1575:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1471:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1278:
1272:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
991:
983:
979:
974:
969:
965:
961:
956:
951:
947:
943:
939:
932:
918:
914:
908:
894:
890:
883:
869:
865:
858:
854:
846:
843:
836:Dyeing fabric
833:
824:
822:
813:
811:
801:
795:
792:A picture of
790:
781:
778:
769:
760:
759:
755:
745:
736:
732:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
700:
697:495.40 g/mol
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
682:
678:
663:
649:
635:
621:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
590:
586:
583:
579:
576:
572:
569:
565:
563:
559:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
529:
526:
525:Laccaic acids
522:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
461:
458:
454:
435:
431:
429:
428:kermesic acid
425:
424:carminic acid
422:, similar to
421:
420:
415:
411:
410:anthraquinone
407:
403:
402:Laccaic acids
391:
385:
379:
375:
373:
370:
369:
366:1.7±0.1 g.cm
365:
363:
360:
359:
355:
353:
350:
349:
325:
322:
318:
317:
312:
303:
302:
299:
292:
281:
280:
277:
270:
263:
259:
258:
256:
250:
246:
245:
238:
234:
233:
231:
229:
226:
225:
218:
214:
213:
211:
209:
206:
205:
198:
194:
193:
191:
187:
182:
181:
174:
170:
169:
167:
164:
160:
159:
154:
146:
140:
136:
131:
127:
122:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1535:. Retrieved
1531:
1522:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1467:
1459:. Retrieved
1419:
1415:
1405:
1394:. Retrieved
1390:
1381:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1271:cite journal
1246:
1242:
1232:
1202:(1): 71–77.
1199:
1195:
1184:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1118:. Retrieved
1114:
1104:
1093:. Retrieved
1089:
1079:
1068:. Retrieved
1064:
1054:
1043:. Retrieved
1039:
1029:
1004:
1000:
990:
945:
941:
931:
920:. Retrieved
916:
907:
896:. Retrieved
892:
882:
871:. Retrieved
867:
857:
839:
830:
819:
807:
798:
794:Kerria lacca
793:
774:
751:
742:
694:314.25 g/mol
691:539.41 g/mol
688:496.38 g/mol
685:537.44 g/mol
524:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
496:
467:
450:
419:Kerria lacca
417:
405:
401:
400:
156:Identifiers
148:Other names
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
948:: 1020379.
493:Derivatives
314:Properties
217:CHEBI:90186
1563:Acetamides
1552:Categories
1537:2023-03-27
1396:2023-03-28
1120:2023-03-28
1095:2023-03-28
1070:2023-03-28
1045:2023-03-28
922:2023-03-27
898:2023-03-27
873:2023-03-28
849:References
737:(A-E mix)
735:60687-93-6
728:14597-16-1
723:18499-84-8
718:23241-56-7
713:17249-00-2
708:15979-35-8
703:CAS number
475:cochineals
352:Molar mass
228:ChemSpider
184:3D model (
173:15979-35-8
163:CAS Number
139:IUPAC name
96:April 2023
66:newspapers
1514:0143-7208
1475:CC BY 4.0
1438:0021-9258
1365:2191-0197
1324:139302709
1316:1544-0478
1263:0975-1068
1216:0021-9673
1160:1052-0295
1109:PubChem.
1084:PubChem.
1059:PubChem.
1034:PubChem.
1021:0040-4039
964:1663-9812
887:PubChem.
862:PubChem.
842:cochineal
777:stick lac
562:Structure
517:Structure
451:The word
447:Etymology
1477:license.
1461:25 March
1456:23839987
1373:92700927
1176:53023592
1168:30354531
982:36386152
457:Sanskrit
1447:3745332
1224:9697316
973:9662299
479:mordant
471:carmine
453:varnish
414:shellac
362:Density
262:5491415
249:PubChem
237:4590519
80:scholar
1512:
1454:
1444:
1436:
1371:
1363:
1322:
1314:
1261:
1222:
1214:
1174:
1166:
1158:
1019:
980:
970:
962:
298:SMILES
133:Names
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1369:S2CID
1320:S2CID
1172:S2CID
821:DNMT1
531:Name
464:Usage
276:InChI
208:ChEBI
186:JSmol
87:JSTOR
73:books
1510:ISSN
1463:2023
1452:PMID
1434:ISSN
1361:ISSN
1312:ISSN
1277:link
1259:ISSN
1220:PMID
1212:ISSN
1164:PMID
1156:ISSN
1017:ISSN
978:PMID
960:ISSN
775:The
426:and
59:news
1502:doi
1442:PMC
1424:doi
1420:288
1351:doi
1304:doi
1251:doi
1204:doi
1200:813
1148:doi
1009:doi
968:PMC
950:doi
827:Use
756:or
483:lac
404:or
252:CID
42:by
1554::
1530:.
1508:.
1498:53
1496:.
1492:.
1450:.
1440:.
1432:.
1418:.
1414:.
1389:.
1367:.
1359:.
1345:.
1341:.
1318:.
1310:.
1300:16
1298:.
1294:.
1273:}}
1269:{{
1247:18
1245:.
1241:.
1218:.
1210:.
1198:.
1194:.
1170:.
1162:.
1154:.
1144:94
1142:.
1138:.
1113:.
1088:.
1063:.
1038:.
1015:.
1005:28
1003:.
999:.
976:.
966:.
958:.
946:13
944:.
940:.
915:.
891:.
866:.
674:11
672:NO
670:17
666:24
656:10
652:16
646:13
644:NO
642:17
638:25
632:12
628:16
624:24
618:12
616:NO
614:19
610:26
345:12
336:19
330:26
1540:.
1516:.
1504::
1465:.
1426::
1399:.
1375:.
1353::
1347:3
1326:.
1306::
1279:)
1265:.
1253::
1226:.
1206::
1178:.
1150::
1123:.
1098:.
1073:.
1048:.
1023:.
1011::
984:.
952::
925:.
901:.
876:.
668:H
664:C
660:7
658:O
654:H
650:C
640:H
636:C
630:O
626:H
622:C
612:H
608:C
342:O
339:N
333:H
327:C
188:)
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
