296:
government' indicated a comprehensive inclusion of the varied "list of governments" and their respective subdivided components that
Congress had established. Given Tribes are considered to be governments, they subsequently fall underneath the Code's jurisdiction as the statute "unequivocally abrogates the sovereign immunity of all governments, categorically". A 'governmental unit', as understood by Jackson, could therefore not be read to exclude "certain governments … from those provisions’ reach, notwithstanding the fact that they engage in tax and regulatory activities". In emphasizing that the terminology of 'other foreign or domestic government' was truly categorical, Jackson noted that "ew phrases in the English language express all-inclusiveness more than the pairing of two extremes" and that a deliberate inclusion of such in the statute indicated an "unmistakabl intent to cover all governments".
31:
330:
applicable to the Tribes as, "properly understood, Tribes are neither of those things", with such an assumption only able to come through a generalized reading of the statute as "every government, everywhere". Given this perceived lack of clear language, Gorsuch argued that "If
Congress wishes to abrogate tribal immunity, its 'decision must be clear.' And the Legislature must 'unequivocally express' its decision in the text of a statute".
309:
those of the states. Thomas further contended that the development of tribal sovereign immunity was a judicial construct that should be abandoned as it was brought about "almost by accident" and with "little analysis". According to Thomas, sovereign immunity, to the extent a tribe had any, was "unjustified" as it developed through
308:
issued a concurring opinion agreeing in judgment with the majority. In his opinion, Thomas expressed hesitancy towards the belief "that tribes possess sovereign immunity at all", arguing that if immunity did exist for the tribes, it would not extend outside of their territory nor on a level equal to
329:
issued a dissenting opinion arguing that, given there was no explicit mention of the Tribes being covered by the code, the tribes were not under obligation to follow the code's regulations. In his dissent, Gorsuch contended that the code's phrasing of 'other foreign or domestic government' was not
262:
of collection efforts imposed by section 362 of the
Bankruptcy Code, Lendgreen continued to request repayment of the loan provided. In response to this, Coughlin would move to file a motion before the Bankruptcy Court requesting an automatic stay while the Tribe opted to file a 'motion to dismiss'
295:
is abrogated as to a governmental unit" and that a tribe is considered to be covered under such a description as a "'governmental unit' exudes comprehensiveness from beginning to end". According to
Jackson, section 362's phrasing of the automatic stay as it relates to 'other foreign or domestic
263:
Coughlin's respective motion. The
Bankruptcy Court would go on to deny Coughlin's stay motion arguing that, given the Tribes were sovereign nations, they were subsequently immune from such a suit. Coughlin would go on to appeal the decision to the
599:
459:
404:
963:
267:
who subsequently reversed the
Bankruptcy Court's ruling siding in favor of Coughlin. Following this, the Tribe appealed the case to the Supreme Court who agreed to rehear the case.
958:
348:
281:
247:
793:
79:
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571:
543:
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is only applicable provided "unmistakably clear" language within the provided congressional statute. In doing so, Jackson commented that "
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issued the majority opinion for the court. In her opinion, Jackson noted that abrogation of sovereign immunity by
213:
770:
632:
264:
737:
682:
63:
227:
460:"SCOTUS hears arguments in bankruptcy case that has implications for doing business in Indian Country"
349:"Supreme Court Report: Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians v. Coughlin, 22-227"
600:"Supreme Court Decides Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians et al. v. Coughlin"
794:"U.S. Supreme Court Holds Tribal Sovereign Immunity Expressly Abrogated by U.S. Bankruptcy Code"
405:"Bankruptcy Implications of Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians v. Coughlin"
288:
882:
284:
251:
170:
74:
766:"LAC DU FLAMBEAU BAND OF LAKE SUPERIOR CHIPPEWA INDIANS V. COUGHLIN, 143 S. CT. 1689 (2023)"
910:
627:
464:
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interpretation, and would further inflame the relationships between the Tribes and states.
8:
798:
738:"Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians v. Coughlin, 599 U.S. ___ (2023)"
683:"Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians v. Coughlin, 599 U.S. ___ (2023)"
660:
492:
292:
854:
792:
Xerras, Lynne; Parlin, Barbra; Meggesto, James; DelFranco, Randolph (June 21, 2023).
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162:
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from
Lendgreen, an online small high-interest loan provider indirectly owned by the
103:
Native
American Tribes are not immune from the automatic stay of the Bankruptcy Code
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305:
158:
138:
126:
604:
409:
259:
932:
906:"Supreme Court: Tribal sovereign immunity doesn't extend to bankruptcy court"
826:
548:
520:
878:"Neil Gorsuch May Be the Supreme Court's Fiercest Defender of Native Rights"
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326:
150:
134:
118:
656:"Supreme Court Finds Bankruptcy Code Abrogates Tribal Sovereign Immunity"
628:"Supreme Court Rules Bankruptcy Code Abrogates Tribal Sovereign Immunity"
431:
243:
146:
91:
715:
381:
310:
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Jackson, joined by
Roberts, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, Barrett
572:"U.S. Supreme Court says bankruptcy law overrides tribal sovereignty"
544:"Tribal Sovereign Immunity in Bankruptcy Gets Supreme Court Hearing"
432:"Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians v. Coughlin"
598:
Leiendecker, Hannah; Peterson, Josh; Paul, Brian (June 15, 2023).
223:
Lac du
Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians v. Coughlin
54:
Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians v. Coughlin
24:
Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians v. Coughlin
822:"Tribe-Tied Lenders' Collection Outlook Dims After SCOTUS Ruling"
576:
742:
687:
516:"Tribal Creditor Bound by Bankruptcy Stay, First Circuit Rules"
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are not immune from the automatic stay of the Bankruptcy Code.
30:
377:"Justices to consider tribal immunity from bankruptcy process"
791:
964:
United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit cases
597:
959:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
711:"Justices reject tribal immunity from bankruptcy stay"
850:"SCOTUS Covers The Waterfront On The Lake Of Torches"
626:
Contino, Michael; Schwartz, Mainon (August 4, 2023).
403:Peterson, Josh; Marasco, Jaclyn (June 27, 2023).
930:
625:
486:Wells, Steven; Huebner, Brock (June 15, 2023).
402:
248:Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa
485:
488:"The Supreme Court Update - June 15, 2023"
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354:National Association of Attorneys General
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820:Nani, James; Park, Yun (June 16, 2023).
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944:United States Native American case law
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18:2023 United States Supreme Court case
969:Native American history of Wisconsin
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654:Swanick, Christine (June 16, 2023).
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513:
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347:Schweizer, Dan (January 30, 2023).
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904:Denetclaw, Pauly (June 15, 2023).
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570:Knauth, Dietrich (June 15, 2023).
36:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
980:
954:United States Supreme Court cases
949:United States bankruptcy case law
458:Edwards, Brian (April 23, 2023).
848:Blackman, Josh (June 16, 2023).
542:Nani, James (January 13, 2023).
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29:
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876:Mystal, Ellie (June 16, 2023).
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514:Nani, James (January 6, 2022).
375:Mann, Ronald (April 20, 2023).
250:. Soon after, Coughlin filed a
939:2023 in United States case law
771:California Lawyers Association
709:Mann, Ronald (June 15, 2023).
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265:First Circuit Court of Appeals
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232:Native Americans Tribes
252:Chapter 13 bankruptcy
171:Ketanji Brown Jackson
45:Decided June 15, 2023
43:Argued April 24, 2023
799:Holland & Knight
493:Dorsey & Whitney
465:Tribal Business News
214:U.S. Bankruptcy Code
195:Thomas (in judgment)
661:National Law Review
293:sovereign immunity
280:On June 15, 2023,
123:Associate Justices
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163:Amy Coney Barrett
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258:. Despite the
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208:Laws applied
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151:Neil Gorsuch
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135:Samuel Alito
130:
119:John Roberts
78:
53:
15:
300:Concurrance
244:payday loan
192:Concurrence
147:Elena Kagan
933:Categories
883:The Nation
716:SCOTUSblog
382:SCOTUSblog
334:References
311:common law
238:Background
60:Docket no.
70:Citations
917:June 17,
889:June 17,
861:June 17,
833:July 11,
805:June 17,
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667:July 11,
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611:June 17,
583:June 17,
555:July 11,
527:July 11,
499:June 17,
471:June 17,
443:June 17,
416:June 17,
388:June 17,
360:June 17,
325:Justice
304:Justice
289:Congress
276:Majority
184:Majority
88:Argument
577:Reuters
327:Gorsuch
321:Dissent
285:Jackson
282:Justice
203:Gorsuch
200:Dissent
98:Holding
855:Reason
743:Justia
688:Justia
306:Thomas
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437:Oyez
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80:more
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73:599
911:ICT
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