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out that the French would not attack Zara and that many deserted the
Crusade. This attitude continues with his description of the Siege at Constantinople as well. He is appalled at the actions of the Crusaders and describes the destruction and thefts. He claims that Constantinople had prized and ancient relics equivalent to the rest of the world combined. Throughout his book, Villehardouin shows an understanding of history and of Greek culture that allows for a more complete view.
302:, who himself had taken the cross, to proclaim the Indulgence of which I now tell you, viz., that all who should take the cross and serve in the host for one year, would be delivered from all the sins they had committed, and acknowledged in confession. And because this indulgence was so great, the hearts of men were much moved, and many took the cross for the greatness of the pardon.
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come vos dirai: Tuit cil qui se croisieroient et feroient le service Dieu un an en l’ost, seroient quittes de toz les péchiez que il avoient faiz, dont il seroient confés. Por ce que cil pardons fu issi granz, si s’en esmeurent mult li cuers des gens; et mult s’encroisièrent por ce que li pardons ère si grans.
284:
Sachiez que la renommée de cil saint home alla tant qu’elle vint a l'apostoille de Rome, Innocent; et l’apostoille envoya en France et manda al prod'ome que il empreschast des croiz par s’autorité. Et après y envoia un suen cardonal , maistre Perron de
Chappes, croisié, et manda par luy le pardon tel
205:
Villehardouin captures the
Council at Zara with specific detail, and so creates a negative view of this portion of the Crusade. He describes how Zara's citizens pleaded with the Crusaders not to attack a Christian city and gives an unbiased description of the looting by the Crusaders. He also points
201:
being the central port for the Fourth
Crusade. Many historians have described the calculation by Villehardouin on the number of men and horses needed as chivalrous enthusiasm combined with Christian idealism. Villehardouin claims that it is in fact the Venetians who were outwitted, but Villehardouin
293:
Be it known to you that eleven hundred and ninety-seven years after the
Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ, in the time of Innocent Pope of Rome, and Philip King of France, and Richard King of England, there was in France a holy man named Fulk of Neuilly - which Neuilly is between Lagni-sur-Marne
280:
Sachiez que mille cent quatre-vinz et dix huit ans après l'incarnation nostre seingnor Jésus Christ, al tens
Innocent trois, apostoille de Rome, et Philippe, roi de France, et Richart, roi d’Angleterre , ot un saint home en France qui ot nom Folques de Nuilli. Cil Nuillis siet entre Lagny-sor-Marne
164:
Villehardouin makes constant hints and references to future events and the unknowingness of the participants at this moment. He defines the outcome in his own terms and does not allow the audience to reach their own conclusion for the actions of the participants. He recapitulates the events leading
160:
fashion. He writes his work in the third-person, and combines objectivity and ecclesiastical points-of-view. A common technique in his work is to narrate a battle or episode along subjective and even militaristic guidelines, and follow this with his personal and religious explanation of what the
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Be it known to you further, that the fame of this holy man so spread, that it reached the Pope of Rome, Innocent; and the Pope sent to France, and ordered the right worthy man to preach the cross (the
Crusade) by his authority. And afterwards the Pope sent a cardinal of his, Master
189:
Villehardouin's words — while sometimes accurate and other times not — present a vivid personal account of the Fourth
Crusade. From the outset, Villehardouin states that he is a pilgrim, but he never explains this tenet of the Crusade. Another omission is
186:. Much like this earlier epic, Villehardouin describes the French Army as elected to execute God's will. When Villehardouin describes how Count Louis refuses to leave the field, there is a clear reference to the functions of Roland's climax in his epic.
294:
and Paris - and he was a priest and held the cure of the village. And this said Fulk began to speak of God throughout the Isle-de-France, and the other countries round about; and you must know that by him the Lord wrought many miracles.
255:
These manuscripts are usually placeded in two groups, I (AO) and II (BCDE), with I being the older and textually more valuable. Another manuscript belonging to group I and now lost was brought to Venice in 1541 by the ambassador
423:
Reginato, Irene; Burgio, Eugenio (2015). "Foundation Myths and Trade
Conflicts: Ramusio, the Fourth Crusade and the Venetian Merchants' Crisis in the Sixteenth Century". In David A. Lines; Marc Laureys; Jill Kraye (eds.).
281:
et Paris; e il ère prestre et tenoit la paroiche de la ville. Et cil
Folques dont je vous di, comença à parler de Dieu par France et par les autres terres entor, et Nostre Sires fist maint miracles por luy.
180:) as a blind man who valiantly leads his men into battle. Contemporary studies are undecided but lean towards this man being only short-sighted or having poor eyesight. He makes many references to
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His Crusade is more than just a Holy War, it is an event of such great magnitude that he must recapture it within his work in lengthy detail and describe the actors. Villehardouin describes the
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has overcalculated (only 11,000 showed up instead of over 33,000 as planned). Villehardouin directs attention to crusaders possibly leaving from other ports.
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149:. Throughout the five-year crusade he acted as an envoy, an ambassador, a councilman, and even a military leader at the
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Miniature depicting the Crusader attack on Constantinople from an early 14th-century edition of Villehardouin's work
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264:, which survives in two manuscripts, now Cod. Marc. it. VII 138 (8749) and Cod. Marc. it. VII 139 (8324) in the
194:'s influence on the origins of the Fourth Crusade. Villehardouin merely reports of the successes of his work.
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117:) is the oldest surviving example of French historical prose and one of the most important sources for the
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A misleading portion of the book is Villehardouin's treatment of the envoy and negotiations that lead to
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Villehardouin was present at the origins of the Crusade during the 1199 tournament held by
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556:(contains translated words in modern French, inserted by the editor), 1828, Paris.
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260:. A literal translation into Italian was made from the Contarini manuscript by
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153:. Several years later, Villehardouin took the time to write down his account.
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485:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 78–79.
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Chronicle of The Fourth Crusade and The Conquest of Constantinople
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dans un témoin indirect: Ramusio traducteur de Villehardouin"
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to Alexis's negotiations with the Crusaders. Compare this to
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Translation by Frank T. Marzials, (London: J.M. Dent, 1908)
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The first paragraphs from the Chronicle are copied here:
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This contains a summary and critical review of the work.
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E — Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, fr. 24210
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D — Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, fr. 12203
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C — Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, fr. 12204
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Title page of an 1838 printed edition of the Chronicle
125:, a knight and crusader, who was an eyewitness of the
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Forms of Conflict and Rivalries in Renaissance Europe
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B — Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, fr. 2137
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57:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
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548:The full text available online, edition of
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156:Villehardouin chose to write his work in
88:Learn how and when to remove this message
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214:There are six principal manuscripts of
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419:University of Pennsylvania Press, 1977
428:. V&R unipress. pp. 131–159.
389:Judgement on History and Historians,
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410:Michaud's History of the Crusades,
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110:De la Conquête de Constantinople
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398:Oxford University Press, 1980
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408:Michaud, Joseph Francois.
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396:1204: The Unholy Crusade,
262:Giovanni Battista Ramusio
147:Thibauld III of Champagne
123:Geoffrey of Villehardouin
595:Texts about the Crusades
433:Reginato, Irene (2016).
391:Garland Publishing, 1984
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218:. By their conventional
43:This article includes a
491:Smalley, Beryl (1974).
482:Encyclopædia Britannica
72:more precise citations.
27:Historical French prose
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437:Manuscrit Contarini
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387:Burckhardt, Jacob.
384:Librarie Droz, 1968
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541:2012-10-11 at the
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183:The Song of Roland
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