LGBT rights in Italy

2237:, in 23 countries (including Italy) on their attitudes towards transgender people. The study showed a relatively liberal attitude from Italians towards transgender people. According to the study, 78% of Italians supported allowing transgender people to change their gender on their legal documents (the 4th highest percentage of the countries surveyed), with 29% supporting the idea of allowing them to do so without any surgery or doctor's/government approval (the 6th highest percentage of the countries surveyed). In addition to that, 78.5% of Italians believed that transgender people should be legally protected from discrimination, 57.7% believed that transgender people should be allowed to use the restroom corresponding to their gender identity rather than their birth sex, and only 14.9% believed that transgender people have a mental illness (the 6th lowest of the countries surveyed). 1605: 1145: 1208:, Milan officials refused to register the boys as both the fathers' children. At first, a judge ruled against the couple, who later appealed; a higher court held that since each man's sperm was used to fertilise eggs from the same donor and one of each was implanted into the surrogate, both men would be able to register the birth of their own child and become its legal parent. The twins cannot be recognised as children of the couple, however, and the fathers could not adopt each other's non-biological son. Although not legally brothers, both boys have been given the same surname. Despite this contradiction, LGBT association 203: 1625: 1438:

November in a 190–34 vote. In both Houses, the Government used its powers under the Standing Orders to force a single vote on the whole Bill, contrary to the usual procedure, whereby a vote on the full Bill must be preceded by a vote on each Article and on each proposed amendment. This forced MPs who opposed the anti-discrimination provision but supported other parts of the Bill to vote in favour. The proposal was ultimately signed into law by President Sergio Mattarella on 9 November and came into force on 10 November.

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couples. This was an increase of 2.5% from the previous year (58.9%) and almost 10% in 7 years (51.6% in 2003). "This is further proof that Italians are ahead of their national institutions. Our Parliament hears more and more people on the issue and what it hears is to soon approve a law that guarantees gay people the opportunity to publicly recognize their families, as is done in 20 European countries," said the national president of Arcigay, Aurelio Mancuso.

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to resort to civil lawsuits (through "adoption in particular cases") to legally become parents. As of July 20, 2023, 27 mothers had been removed from 27 birth certificates. According to the new policy, men in same-sex couples must choose one of the two to be the legal father. As a result, a non-registered parent is banned from carrying out everyday family tasks, such as picking the child up from school, or using public services on their behalf.

2749: 1819: 1637: 2587: 1613: 1559:). Later, the couple discovered that their marriage had been dissolved because the couple became a same-sex couple, even though they did not ask a civil court to divorce. The law prescribes that when a transgender person is married to another person the couple should divorce, but in the case of the transgender woman mentioned above (Alessandra) and her wife, there was no will to divorce. The couple asked the Civil Court of 8595: 2763: 688: 2731: 2662: 2640: 2599: 2574: 2561: 2542: 2523: 2510: 2497: 2436: 2381: 2322: 2303: 2290: 2273: 2712: 2699: 2687: 2675: 2656: 2628: 2614: 2555: 2536: 2485: 2430: 2375: 2316: 2226:

accepting: 86% of people between 18 and 29 were accepting of gay people, while 80% of people between 30 and 49 and 67% of people over 50 held the same belief. In a 2007 version of this survey, 65% of Italians were accepting of gay people, meaning that there was a net gain of 9% from 2007 to 2013 (the 4th highest gain in acceptance of gay people of the countries surveyed).

1136:, said the centre-right majority would "start looking into Scalfarotto's proposal", adding "I think society progresses, and I believe we must march forwards and not backwards". Since then, there has been no progress on the bill, and Centinaio has retracted his statement, claiming that he had been "misunderstood" and that he's still against same-sex marriage. 3389: 1333:), which prohibits unfair discrimination in employment and recruitment processes. The anti-discrimination provisions originally did not apply to the police, to the armed forces and to rescue services, but this exception was removed by Law no. 101 of 2008. One of the most famous convictions under Italy's anti-discrimination laws was that of lawyer 1588:

lesbians in military service is banned, but the situation for transgender people is unclear. The organization Polis Aperta estimates that 5 to 10% of Italians in uniformed service (military or police) are LGBT. Despite the ban on discrimination, some service personnel face harassment or violence because of their sexual orientation.

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fathers cannot both be named on the children's Italian birth certificates. Instead, only the biological father will be listed as their legal parent, while his partner will have to apply for special permission to become their adoptive father, despite the fact that both men are named on the children's Canadian birth certificates.

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The arrangements of the Rocco Code, namely, the principle that homosexual conduct is an issue of morality and religion, and not criminal sanctions by the State, have remained in place over subsequent decades. In the early 1960s, three bills aiming at re-criminalising gay sex were introduced, but none

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425. Qualunque atto di libidine contro natura, se sarà commesso con violenza, nei modi e nelle circostanze prevedute dagli articoli 489 e 490, sarà punito' colla reclusione non minore di anni sette, estensibile ai lavori forzati a tempo: se non vi sarà stata violenza, ma vi sarà intervenuto scandalo

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This list only takes into account the amount of time which has passed since the last time the age of consent was equalised. In some nations, such as Belgium, France and the Netherlands, homosexuality was decriminalised in the late 18th century with an equal age of consent, but the age of consent for

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poll conducted between February and May 2023 showed that 74% of Italians supported same-sex marriage and that 26% were opposed. When divided by political affiliation, support was highest among those on the left of the political spectrum at 88%, followed by those at the center at 74% and those on the

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to nullify the order of dissolution of their marriage. On 27 October 2010, the court ruled in favour of the couple. The Italian Ministry of Interior appealed the decision, and the Court of Appeal of Bologna subsequently reversed the trial decision. The couple later appealed the decision to the Court

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During the period of fascist rule in Italy from the 1920s to the 1940s, the penal code contained prohibitions against cross-dressing and trans people were targeted by police for arrests. The first documented Italian trans woman to undergo genital reconstruction surgery did so in Switzerland in 1967.

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became the first Italian region to ban discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in the areas of employment, education, public services and accommodations. The Berlusconi Government challenged the new law in court, asserting that only the central Government had the right to pass

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In July 2020, debate resumed on the proposal to extend anti-racism laws to outlaw discrimination and hate crimes against women, gay and transgender people, following a number of attacks in preceding months against LGBT people. It modifies an existing law punishing offenses based on someone's race or

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The bill was amended in compliance of the request of some conservative MPs who were afraid of being fined or jailed for stating their opposition to the recognition of same-sex unions. On 5 August, the Chamber started to consider the bill. On 19 September 2013, the Chamber of Deputies passed the bill

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In 2017, the Italian Supreme Court allowed a marriage between two women, which was performed in neighboring France, to be officially recognised. However, in May 2018, the Court of Cassation ruled that same-sex marriages performed abroad cannot be recognized in Italy. Instead, they must be registered

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In June 2023, Italian city of Padua, which had been registering kids from lesbian couples since 2017, started erasing "non biological" lesbian mothers' first and last names from their children birth certificates so as to comply with the requests of Giorgia Meloni's government. Same-sex couples have

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said same-sex families "don't exist". He denied making homophobic comments, saying he was not "against gays", and adding "I have many homosexual friends… after all I lived in Brussels for many years where there are many gay people in powerful positions... I am Catholic, I do not hide it. And that's

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As such, the final version of the Rocco Code, which became law in 1931, had no mention of same-sex intercourse. According to fascist doctrine, repression of certain sexual practices was a matter for moral authorities moreso than for the State. Nonetheless, those who displayed their homosexuality in

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A survey conducted on Ipsos's Global Advisor online platform among more than 19,000 individuals in 27 countries between 23 April and 7 May 2021, found that 63% Italians aged between 18 and 74 believed that same-sex couples should be allowed to marry legally. This percentage was higher than that of

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In September 2022 a court in Rome ruled that the government's requirement that children's ID cards list their "mother" and "father" discriminated against same-sex parents and ordered the government to issue documents that correctly identify the parents. The ruling is permanent, but only applied to

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family court approved a lesbian couple's request to simultaneously adopt each other's daughters. From 2014 to 2016, the Rome Family Court made at least 15 rulings upholding requests for gay people to be allowed to adopt their partners' children. On 29 April 2016, Marilena Grassadonia, president of

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A 2013 Pew Research Center opinion survey of various countries throughout the world showed that 74% of the Italian population believed that homosexuality should be accepted by society (the 8th highest of all the countries polled), while 18% believed it should not. Young people were generally more

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Until 1986, "sexual deviance" was a reason for exclusion for military service. At that time, some men claimed to be homosexual to avoid the draft. Lesbians have never been banned from the Italian military since women were first allowed to serve in 2000. Since 2010, discrimination against gays and

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Although several bills on civil unions or the recognition of rights to unregistered couples had been introduced into the Parliament since 1996, none had ever been approved, owing to the strong opposition of socially conservative members of Parliament from both coalitions. On 8 February 2007, the

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According to a 2010 poll, 82% of Italians considered homosexuals equal to heterosexuals. 41% thought that same-sex couples should have the right to marry in a civil ceremony, and 20.4% agreed with civil unions only. In total, 61.4% were in favor of a form of legal recognition for gay and lesbian

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In March 2024, the Court of Padua rejected a 2023 order by the prosecutor's office, which challenged the Municipality's decision to register the children of two mothers. The order aimed to retroactively remove non-biological mothers from the birth certificates of 37 children dating back to 2017;

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On June 21, 2023, the Italian Minister for Equal Opportunities and Family, Eugenia Roccella, commented about what happened in Padua and she stated that there is no need for both members of a same-sex couples to be recognized on the children's birth certificate, since the non-biological parent is

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Court of Appeals recognized both male same-sex partners as fathers of two children born with the help of an egg donor and a surrogate mother in Canada. The decision was challenged ln late 2017 by local officials and the Ministry of the Interior. In May 2019, the Court of Cassation ruled that the

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On 16 May 2013, a bill which would prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity was presented in a press conference by four deputies of four different parties. The bill is cosponsored by 221 MPs of the Chamber of Deputies, but no member of the center-right parties has

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On 28 October 2021, the Chamber of Deputies approved in a 271–16 vote a proposed infrastructure law containing a provision which made it illegal to display advertisement containing homophobic or transphobic messages on streets and vehicles. The draft law was approved by the Senate as well on 4

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no. 3 of 2023 specifically forbade municipalities from automatically registering homosexual couples’ children's abroad birth certificates with the name of both parents. The Ministry tried, in this way, to fill the loophole used by left-wing mayors to help gay couples. Mayors and administrative

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introduced a bill which would have granted rights in the areas of labour law, inheritance, taxation and health care to same-sex and opposite-sex unregistered partnerships. However, Parliament was dissolved before the draft law could be put up to a vote, and was ultimately shelved when the next

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Prevailing social attitudes about LGBT issues tend to reflect traditional Catholic values concerning human sexuality and gender roles, with lower support compared to other Western European states. In 2020 LGBT activist and legislator Alessandro Zan described homophobia as widespread and often

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Adoption and foster care are regulated by Law no. 184 of 1983. Adoption is in principle permitted only to married couples who must be of the opposite sex. According to Italian law, there are no restrictions on foster care. In a limited number of situations, the law provides for "adoption in

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In 1982, Italy became the sixth nation in the world to recognise the right to change one's legal gender. Before Italy, only Denmark (1929), Sweden (1972), Chile (1974), Norway (1979) and Germany (then-West Germany) (1980) recognised this right. The bill introducing this reform was largely

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which abolished all differences in treatment between homosexual and heterosexual acts across the entire territory of Italy. This Penal Code became effective in 1890, and there have since been no laws against private, consensual homosexual relations between people over the age of consent.

819:). Meanwhile, in nearly every other European country, laws either setting a higher age of consent for homosexual acts or banning them altogether remained in force until the 20th century and sometimes even until the early 21st century, although they were not always actively enforced. 5226: 1164:

upheld a lower decision of court which granted the sole custody of a child to a lesbian mother. The father of the child complained about the "homosexual relationship of the mother". The Supreme Court rejected the father's appeal because it was not argued properly.

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Italy is among the few European nations to have had an equal age of consent for homosexual and heterosexual acts ever since before the 20th century. The only nations in which there has been an equal age of consent for longer than Italy are Turkey

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why I believe that the family is the natural one, where a child must have a mother and a father". This led to protests from LGBT activists, who used the hashtag #NoiEsistiamo (#WeExist) on social media to share photos of their same-sex families.

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by gay couples), was approved by the Senate in a 173–71 vote, and was sent to the Chamber of Deputies, where it passed on 11 May 2016, by a vote of 372 to 51, with 99 abstentions. In order to ensure swift passage of the draft law, Prime Minister

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When Rocco eventually introduced the new Penal Code before Parliament, he decided not to include said Article, claiming that "in Italy, the abominable vice is not present to such an extent that the criminal law should concern itself with it".

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No Italian law explicitly bans transphobic discrimination. However, on 15 January 2023, a court in Rome ruled against a school who had fired a trans professor due to her gender identity, claiming that it amounted to sex discrimination.

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On 6 July 2023, a Court in Trapani recognized for the first time the right of a transgender woman to change her name and gender identity in the registry office without any surgery performed or planned and without any hormone therapy.

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have enacted far more comprehensive anti-discrimination laws. In 2023, a new poll showed a large majority in favour of civil unions (70.1%), a majority for same-sex marriage (65.2%), and also for adoption by same-sex couples (51.4%).

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According to data from the 2010 Italy Eurispes report released 29 January, the percentage of Italians who have a positive attitude towards homosexuality and are in favor of legal recognition of gay and lesbian couples is growing.

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in a decision published on 22 June 2016. This provision implies resorting to a civil lawsuit where "a rigorous factual investigation carried out by the court, effectively ascertains that adoption is in the child's best interest".

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particular cases" by a single person, however, and this has been interpreted by some courts, including on the appeal court level, to include the possibility of stepchild adoption for unmarried (opposite-sex and same-sex) couples.

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Chiunque, fuori dai casi preveduti negli articoli da 519 a 521, commette atti di libidine con lo stesso sesso, ovvero si presta a tali atti, sarà punito, se dal fatto derivi pubblico scandalo, con la reclusione da sei mesi a tre

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According to Pew Research Center survey in 2015–17, 59% of Italians supported same-sex marriage, while 38% opposed. At 27%, young people aged between 18 and 34 were less likely than their elders to oppose legal gay marriage.

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Whomsoever has carnal knowledge of the same sex, or lets a person of the same sex have carnal knowledge of himself or herself, shall, if such acts give rise to a public scandal, suffer imprisonment for six months to three

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such a law. The Constitutional Court overturned the provisions regarding accommodations (with respect to private homes and religious institutions), but otherwise upheld most of the legislation. Since then, the regions of

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The 2023 Eurobarometer found that 69% of Italians thought same-sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, and 71% agreed that "there is nothing wrong in a sexual relationship between two persons of the same sex".

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personnel could face charges for “abuse of office”. In this way, sentences by a court (that cannot be limited by government without a clear rule on the matter) remains the only safe way to adopt and/or obtain results.

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was permitted by city officials to register their son, born through IVF, as the child of both parents. Two other same-sex couples also had their children officially registered. A few days later, a same-sex couple in

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stated that courts can allow a couple in a civil union to adopt their stepchildren. The same law provides both same-sex and heterosexual couples which live in an unregistered cohabitation with several legal rights.

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the Rainbow Families Association, won the right to adopt her wife's twin boys. The possibility of adopting one's same-sex partner's child through the "adoption in particular cases" provision was confirmed by the

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In 2005, a couple got legally married as husband and wife. Some years later, one of the parties transitioned as a transgender woman. In 2009, she was legally recognized as such according to Law no. 164 of 1982

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is not mentioned in Italy's anti-discrimination laws, meaning that transgender people may face discrimination in areas such as employment, access to goods and services, housing, education and health services.

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In 2006, Grillini again introduced a proposal to expand anti-discrimination laws, this time adding gender identity as well as sexual orientation. It received even less support than the previous one had.

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On 15 February 2023, a Court in Trento ruled transgender minors could have their legal gender changed on documents as long as their parents consent and a psychologist has been consulted on the matter.

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which would have granted all rights afforded by marriage short of joint adoption. On 25 February 2016, an amended version of the bill (which, unlike the original proposal, did not include the right to

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of Cassation. On 6 June 2013, the Cassation asked the Constitutional Court whether the 1982 law was unconstitutional when it ordered the dissolution of marriage by applying the Law no. 898 of 1970 (

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Italian unification in 1861 brought together a number of States, almost all of whom abolished punishment for private, non-commercial homosexual acts between consenting adults as a result of the

2665:(Not banned by the law. However, the national psychological association officially stated in 2013 that conversion therapy goes strictly against its code of ethics and therefore is not allowed) 5773: 1785:

In 2007, an advert showing a baby wearing a wristband label that said "homosexual" caused controversy. The advert was part of a regional government campaign to combat anti-gay discrimination.

5491: 1048:, officially declared their opposition to any recognition of same-sex relationships. All these actions, however, are merely symbolic as regions do not have legislative power on the matter. 5925: 4332: 4418: 3894: 1168:

Several individual cases where same-sex couples have been allowed to legally adopt or foster children have occurred over the years. On 15 November 2013, it was reported that the Court of

4901: 5872: 3857: 1568:), which regulates divorces, even if the couple did not ask to do so. In 2014, the Constitutional Court finally ruled the case in favour of the couple, allowing them to remain married. 935:

public were targeted by the fascist police, and subject to extrajudicial punishments such as public admonition and exile; gay people were persecuted in the later years of the regime of

4933: 3954: 3477: 3119: 6742: 6051: 5300: 1066:) issued a landmark ruling which recognized same-sex couples as a "legitimate social formation, similar to, and deserving homogeneous treatment of, marriage". Since that ruling, the 5356: 4647: 4060: 1148:

5274 - GLBT event - L'amore spiazza, Pavia 16 May 2010 - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto. Lesbian Mom at a 'talking book' event in Pavia in 2010, where people told their stories to combat

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425. Lustful acts against nature shall, if they have given rise to a complaint or caused a scandal, carry the penalty of imprisonment or of hard labour for no more than ten years.

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law was passed in May 2016, providing same-sex couples with all of the rights of marriage except for joint adoption rights. The law also recognizes same-sex couples as a family.

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in a 228–58 vote (and 108 abstentions). On the same day, a controversial amendment passed, which would protect free speech for politicians and clergymen. On 29 April 2014, the

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On March 13, 2023, the city of Milan, which had been registering kids from same sex parents independently to bypass anti-LGBT restrictions in the national law, stopped issuing

881:, since 1810). In addition, some Articles of the Sardinian Penal Code (including those dealing with homosexuality) were not extended to the former Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. 857:

With unification, the former Kingdom of Sardinia extended its own criminalizing legislation to the rest of the newly born Kingdom of Italy, with some exceptions: in the former

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a trans man was injured and his fiancée, a cisgender woman, was killed by the woman's brother who wanted to “teach her” a lesson and rammed their motorcycle with his car.

5413: 3690: 3295: 969:, enacted in 2016, which provide all of the rights, benefits and obligations of marriage except for joint adoption rights. These benefits include, amongst others, shared 6556: 4444: 1434:

Italy's lower house approved the bill on 4 November 2020 by a vote of 265 to 193. The bill died in the Senate on 27 October 2021 following a 131—154 secret ballot vote.

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culture, as well as there being accounts of individuals spending significant portions of their life as genders other than the ones they were assigned at birth, such as

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people still face various challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents, despite public opinion being increasingly liberal and in favor of LGBT rights. According to

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This bizarre situation, where homosexuality was illegal in one part of the kingdom, but legal in another, was only reconciled in 1889, with the promulgation of the

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Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in employment has been illegal throughout the whole country, since July 2003 when, in order to conform with

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began examining the bill. In 2019, the bill was still in the Senate Judicial Commission, being blocked by several hundred amendments from conservative MPs.

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In the 1920s, fascist MP Alfredo Rocco was tasked by the government of Benito Mussolini to develop a new Penal Code which would have replaced the 1889 one.

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that would have allowed increased sentences for violence against gay and bisexual individuals, passing a motion to that effect which had been proposed by

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this specific case. Unless and until the government changes the rules around ID cards, other parents will have to sue for correct identification as well.

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In 2021 Italy recognized the adoptions abroad by same-sex couples because they were judged to be non-obstructive for the purposes of the adoption itself.

5959: 4681:"Professoressa licenziata perché trans, scuola condannata al risarcimento: "È discriminazione" Il tribunale ha riconoscendo la discriminazione di genere" 1361:

proposed a constitutional amendment that would have included sexual orientation among constitutionally protected characteristics. It was not successful.

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On 21 May 2015, the Court of Cassation ruled that sterilisation and sex reassignment surgery are not required in order to obtain a legal gender change.

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on Justice; therefore, once the law was approved by the said Committees, it was immediately enacted, without the need for a vote by the full House.

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pledged support. In addition to this bill, some deputies introduced another two bills. On 7 July, the Justice Committee advanced a unified bill.

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o vi sarà stata querela, sarà punito colla reclusione, e' potrà la pena anche estendersi' ai lavori forzati per anni dieci, a seconda dei casi.

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issued Legislative Decree no. 216 of 2003, entitled "Implementation of Directive 2000/78/EC on equal treatment in employment and occupation" (

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celebrating LGBTQ achievements and community take place in more than 30 towns and cities across Italy from mid-May to the end of September.

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was violently attacked by seven individuals, leaving him with severe injuries requiring jaw reconstructive surgery. In September 2020 in

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approved by show of hands a resolution formally condemning the Italian Government's policy regarding same-sex couples' parental rights.

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homosexual acts was raised in the first half of the 20th century, and ultimately equalising once again at the end in more recent times.

6271: 3827: 3447: 1144: 5003: 4576: 202: 8426: 4501: 4385: 5702: 4271: 8333: 7034: 4680: 4301: 3629: 3272: 492: 367: 4210:"Due padri: Corte d'Appello di Milano ordina la trascrizione di un'adozione gay in Usa | Associazione Radicale Certi Diritti" 4114: 3660: 3507: 7898: 7006: 6949: 6652: 4785: 4354: 4021: 3367: 960: 607: 572: 268: 162: 5379: 8770: 7110: 5798: 2621: 6552: 1368:

In 2008, Danilo Giuffrida was awarded 100,000 euros compensation after having been ordered to re-take his driving test by the

8700: 8576: 7739: 6918: 6367: 6228: 507: 6446: 5513: 5322: 4553: 2564:(Since 2019 single individuals, regardless of whether or not they are LGBT, can adopt but only in particular circumstances) 1663:, first openly transgender member of Parliament in Europe, and the world's second openly transgender MP after New Zealander 8373: 7648: 7456: 6021: 5544:"LEGGE REGIONALE CONTRO LE DISCRIMINAZIONI E LE VIOLENZE DETERMINATE DALL'ORIENTAMENTO SESSUALE O DALL'IDENTITA' DI GENERE" 4616:"La ministra Roccella sulle mamme gay: "Non si diventa genitori per contratto, la strada corretta è la stepchild adoption"" 758:

In Italy both male and female same-sex sexual activity has been legal since 1890, when a new penal code was promulgated. A

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A first draft of the Code, published by Rocco on 1927, included a provision criminalizing homosexual acts, which read:

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1°-se il colpevole, essendo maggiore degli anni ventuno, commetta il fatto su una persona maggiore degli anni diciotto

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Attuazione della direttiva 2000/78/CE per la parità di trattamento in materia di occupazione e di condizioni di lavoro

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due to his sexuality; the judge said that the Ministry of Transport was in clear breach of anti-discrimination laws.

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that Italy's lack of any sort of recognition for same-sex partnership was a violation of international human rights.

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The part here omitted dealt with homosexual rape, and clarified it carried the same penalties as heterosexual rape.

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emerging whenever LGBT people tried to live their lives openly. In June 2020 a man walking with his boyfriend in

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sexual orientation and gender identity protections in the provision of goods and services at a regional level in

5546:[REGIONAL LAW AGAINST DISCRIMINATION AND VIOLENCE MOTIVATED BY SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER IDENTITY]. 4355:"Fontana: "Famiglie gay? Mi attaccano perché sono cattolico". Ma Salvini lo stoppa: "Sue idee non in contratto"" 2884: 2245:

some countries where, unlike in Italy, same-sex marriage is legal, such as Australia, France and United States.

1815:

hosted the conference of the European Pride Organizers Association in 2022, the first time for an Italian city.

1242:

In more recent times the situation turned more complicated and with mixed results, after Ministry of Interior's

9040: 8988: 8940: 8832: 8827: 8628: 8097: 7685: 7162: 2811: 2776: 1653:. It was founded in 1980, and has advocated for the recognition of same-sex couples and LGBT rights generally. 1519:

However, on her return to Italy, she was detained and confined to a small village in the south of the country.

1412: 1086: 878: 71: 5951: 1113:, saying that it was "unacceptable to have any more delays after years of failed attempts." Italian President 8348: 8179: 8066: 7597: 7592: 6975: 6608: 1424: 1121:

as civil unions, regardless of whether the couple wed before or after Italy introduced civil unions in 2016.

658: 625: 316: 6579:"Eastern and Western Europeans Differ on Importance of Religion, Views of Minorities, and Key Social Issues" 8945: 8792: 8107: 8046: 8031: 7883: 7744: 7197: 6716: 6492: 3420: 3013: 2545:(Since 2021 for foreign same-sex couples only but also under case law confirmed by the Court of Cassation) 2475:; discriminatory language towards transgender people banned in street advertisement nationwide since 2021) 1668: 1542: 1322: 1097: 796: 782:

regarding sexual orientation or gender identity and expression have been enacted nationwide, although some

701: 635: 630: 439: 5089: 2812:

State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws prohibiting same sex activity between consenting adults

2420:; discriminatory language towards sexual minorities banned in street advertisement nationwide since 2021) 1096:

On 2 February 2016, Italian senators started to debate a bill introducing civil unions, inspired from the

989: 8950: 8912: 8451: 8169: 8015: 7797: 7707: 7607: 7493: 7461: 7146: 7051: 6942: 6772: 2724: 1376: 1228: 948: 870: 281: 110:

discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity banned in street advertisement since 2021;

63: 6609:"LGBT+ Pride 2021 Global Survey points to a generation gap around gender identity and sexual attraction" 5574:"Omotransfobia, la Regione Campania approva la legge. Arcigay: "Dalle Regioni un impulso al Parlamento"" 3219: 1545:. While she was not reelected, she went on to be the winner of a popular reality television show called 8892: 8506: 8134: 7954: 7861: 7834: 7769: 7643: 7177: 7103: 7029: 6980: 5706: 2607: 1384: 767: 3976: 8862: 8822: 8802: 8782: 8685: 8536: 8302: 8225: 8189: 7207: 7172: 7167: 6043: 3296:""The newspapers didn't report it at all": the story of a gay island created by Mussolini's Fascists" 2720: 808: 775: 592: 547: 392: 251: 6195: 6075:"Gay Pride di Roma gli organizzatori: "Siamo in 700 mila!" - le foto più belle dell'onda arcobaleno" 5847:"Via libera al cambio di genere sui documenti a 16 anni. "Storica" sentenza del tribunale di Trento" 4445:"Stop alla registrazione dei figli di coppie gay a Torino, i genitori a Fanpage: Duro colpo per noi" 8978: 8797: 8551: 8541: 8521: 8491: 8446: 8144: 7986: 7918: 7888: 7868: 7749: 7425: 7390: 7187: 6298: 3250: 3149:"Blog | Monica Cirinnà: con le unioni civili è appena iniziato il cammino verso l'uguaglianza" 1774: 1770: 1706: 1696: 1492: 1400: 779: 333: 157: 5125: 8998: 8983: 8930: 8877: 8872: 8847: 8705: 8431: 8194: 8051: 8021: 7996: 7913: 7873: 7812: 7711: 7476: 7446: 5189:"Nel ddl infrastrutture norma contro la discriminazione,insorge la destra "E' ddl Zan mascherato" 3691:"Nozze gay all'estero, la Cassazione: "No alla trascrizione, in Italia ci sono le unioni civili"" 1746: 1624: 940: 99: 8968: 6447:"Eurispes, la fatica di arrivare a fine mese e quello che racconta dell'Italia il Rapporto 2024" 5823:

Italy becomes fifth country in the world to allow trans people to change gender without a doctor

3390:"Sentenza N. 138 ; Repubblica Italiana in Nome Del Popolo Italiano La Corte Costituzionale" 8902: 8852: 8812: 8765: 8760: 8750: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8710: 8695: 8690: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8129: 8117: 7893: 7878: 7570: 7212: 7077: 6935: 6333: 6165: 5897:"La comunità LGBTQ in divisa rischia la vita ogni giorno per noi. Ma nessuno combatte per loro" 3661:"Nozze gay all'estero: no alla trascrizione in Italia, sì al riconoscimento come unione civile" 858: 816: 424: 55: 4815: 4737: 4707: 3721:"Diritti: matrimonio "egualitario". Opinioni a confronto: Scalfarotto vs Bonaldi vs Centinaio" 8993: 8935: 8897: 8887: 8867: 8857: 8842: 8837: 8817: 8787: 8755: 8740: 8715: 8651: 8436: 8363: 8343: 8257: 8206: 7964: 7944: 7754: 7348: 7316: 7202: 7182: 7096: 6970: 2781: 1726: 1547: 1392: 1300:

In 2023 a lesbian couple in a civil union was allowed by a court to foster a disabled child.

828: 812: 804: 675: 472: 429: 362: 263: 246: 6263: 3747:"Da Zaia a Centinaio: la Lega ora cambia sui diritti lgbt (e c'entra "l'effetto Francesca")" 1788:

On 8 June 2019, the 25th edition of Roma Pride was held, with 700,000 people participating.

1534:

In 2006, a police officer was reportedly fired for cross-dressing in public while off duty.

919:

1. if he or she, being older than 21, engages in such acts with a person younger than 18; or

8882: 8807: 8287: 8102: 7991: 7623: 7521: 7405: 7273: 5896: 5458:"Approvata legge contro l'omotransfobia, dall'Umbria riparte la lotta alle discriminazioni" 4995: 1678: 1204:

In January 2018, after a surrogate mother gave birth to twin boys for a same-sex couple in

1129: 865:(which did not criminalize same-sex activities) remained in force, and the same happens in 748: 184: 6420:"Famiglia ed etica: ecco come sta cambiando il paese nel Rapporto Italia 2023 di Eurispes" 6368:

https://eurispes.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/eurispes_sintesi-rapporto-italia-2022-1.pdf

8: 8571: 8561: 8516: 8282: 8247: 8242: 7959: 7580: 7516: 7436: 6465: 4842: 3300: 2249: 1736: 1428: 1286: 774:

Transgender people have been allowed to legally change their gender since 1982. Although

434: 3264: 8546: 8531: 8511: 8368: 8309: 8262: 8184: 8041: 8011: 8001: 7976: 7949: 7856: 7849: 7785: 7541: 7536: 7253: 5658: 2648: 1778: 1528: 1101: 838: 552: 397: 357: 6900: 5689:"La legge 164, 40 anni fa, diede dignità alle persone trans e ci mise all'avanguardia" 5688: 4775: 3357: 3328:"Blog | Diritti gay: per la Regione Lombardia esistono solo le famiglie naturali" 8496: 8486: 8358: 8272: 8237: 8164: 8154: 7932: 7802: 7716: 7546: 7526: 7500: 7488: 7283: 7278: 7263: 7258: 7243: 6914: 5662: 5650: 4743: 4713: 4595: 4525: 1870: 1760: 1716: 1712: 1524: 1512: 1419:

religion with up to four years in jail. The proposal, drafted by Democratic Party MP

1259: 1255: 1114: 1045: 744: 587: 577: 542: 350: 306: 169: 1423:, supported by the centre-left coalition, while the Lega, Brothers of Italy and the 8566: 8388: 8338: 8319: 8314: 8267: 8174: 8112: 8092: 8080: 8036: 7839: 7819: 7807: 7670: 7551: 7268: 7131: 7123: 7058: 6906: 6653:"Discrimination in the EU_sp535_volumeA.xlsx [QB15_2] and [QB15_3]" 5642: 3120:"Blog | Unioni civili, matrimoni e convivenze. Ecco cosa cambia in un grafico" 3014:"XVII Legislatura - XVII Legislatura - Documenti - Temi dell'Attività parlamentare" 1740: 1688: 1660: 1538: 1326: 1125: 936: 783: 740: 739:'s 2021 report, the status of LGBT rights in Italy is below the standards of other 582: 7638: 1345:

and ordered the publication of the ruling on a national newspaper at his expense.

8476: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8353: 8277: 8139: 7658: 7556: 7441: 7341: 7248: 6374: 5926:"Gay: vietato donare sangue, ma solo con prove rischi – Altre news – ANSA Europa" 5829: 5769: 5646: 4577:"Italy starts removing lesbian mothers' names from children's birth certificates" 4545: 2988: 2818: 2635:

Sterilisation and sex reassignment surgery not required for the change of gender

1722: 1496: 1358: 1232: 1110: 1090: 974: 885: 834: 668: 562: 537: 402: 241: 79: 6013: 5156:"Activists hail bill to make violence against LGBT people a hate crime in Italy" 1297:

always able to seek a court order allowing them to adopt their partner's child.

778:

regarding sexual orientation in employment has been banned since 2003, no other

174:

Stepchild adoption since 2016. Same-sex couples are allowed to foster children.

8609: 8556: 8526: 8471: 8378: 8252: 8199: 8159: 7829: 7824: 7675: 7575: 7531: 7483: 7431: 7385: 7353: 7311: 7288: 4419:"La Cassazione: "Sì alle adozioni all'estero da parte di coppie gay" | ANSA.it" 4084:"Italy will not recognise intended parent of surrogate-born child, court rules" 2464: 2409: 2350: 2282: 1781:), openly bisexual woman and first openly LGBT leader of a major Italian party. 1732: 1664: 1472: 1431:

treated the Bill as a matter of consciousness and granted its MPs a free vote.

1420: 1334: 1318: 1037: 653: 567: 345: 323: 137: 6910: 1128:

introduced a bill which aimed to legalize same-sex marriage. In the same day,

9034: 8481: 8122: 7692: 7380: 7358: 7217: 5654: 4968: 4906: 4870:"Omofobia, la Camera affossa il testo Caos nel Pd: riesplode il caso Binetti" 3416:"European Court Rules Italy's Same-Sex Marriage Ban a Human Rights Violation" 3174: 3078:"'It's like we don't exist': Japan faces pressure to allow same-sex marriage" 3046: 1823: 1674: 1396: 1271: 1172:

chose a same-sex couple to foster a three-year-old child. On 1 March 2016, a

763: 597: 557: 6106:"Roma Pride, 700.000 persone in strada nello spirito di Stonewall (Gallery)" 5604:"Legge anti-discriminazioni, Emiliano: «Puglia più consapevole e inclusiva»" 2707:

Automatic parenthood on birth certificates for children of same-sex couples

2366:

Anti-discrimination laws in all other areas (incl. indirect discrimination,

48:

Same-sex activity legal nationwide since 1890, with an equal age of consent;

8599: 8406: 8211: 7981: 7585: 7451: 7400: 7375: 3887:"Italian court approves lesbian couple's adoption of each other's children" 3858:"Bologna segue la Cassazione: bimba di tre anni in affido a una coppia gay" 2768: 2754: 1830: 1808: 1766: 1702: 1106: 1053: 691: 663: 35: 6691:"Adozioni in Italia: ammesse per i single e non ci sono più limiti di età" 5484:"Dopo 10 anni una legge contro tutte le discriminazioni - Piemonteinforma" 4181:"Italy just recognized two gay men as adoptive fathers for the first time" 3448:"Italian senators debate same-sex union bill under Vatican's watchful eye" 1201:

Court of Appeal also recognised a foreign same-sex adoption in June 2017.

8501: 8441: 8411: 7764: 7395: 6821:

This list also includes laws which were unenforced or largely unenforced.

6074: 5737: 4083: 4053:"Italy won't recognize gay couple as dads to surrogate babies: top court" 3175:"Atlante Politico 54 - febbraio 2016 - Atlante politico - Demos & Pi" 2367: 1504: 1267: 1263: 1262:. As a result of that, children with no birth registration can be denied 1197:

Court for Minors recognised a foreign adoption by a same-sex couple. The

993: 985: 978: 966: 947:

of them were ever even put up to a vote, due to lack of support from the

845:

still punished consensual homosexual acts under Article 425, which read:

759: 736: 374: 222: 218: 29: 8620: 4502:"Comune Milano, stop a registrazioni dei figli di coppie omogenitoriali" 4240: 2730: 2661: 2639: 2598: 2573: 2560: 2541: 2522: 2509: 2496: 2435: 2380: 2321: 2302: 2289: 2272: 7759: 7368: 4838:"Omofobia, testo bocciato alla Camera E nel Pd esplode il caso Binetti" 1380: 1243: 1205: 1149: 923:

2. if the said acts are engaged in habitually, or in exchange of money.

4902:"Omofobia, un terzo dei parlamentari firma la nuova proposta di legge" 4325:"Quei sindaci che sfidano la legge per registrare figli di coppie gay" 5353:"Approvata legge contro l'omofobia, risultato storico per la Sicilia" 5026:"Omofobia: in Italia mancano legge e reato per proteggere le vittime" 4934:"Omofobia, lavori socialmente utili a chi discrimina gli omosessuali" 4874: 3512: 2989:"Le leggi penali di Giuseppe Bonaparte per il Regno di Napoli (1808)" 2569:

Gays, lesbians and bisexuals allowed to serve openly in the military

1818: 1388: 1133: 6521:

Public Support for Transgender Rights: A Twenty-three Country Survey

3947:"Cassazione, via libera alla stepchild adoption in casi particolari" 2711: 2698: 2686: 2674: 2655: 2627: 2613: 2554: 2535: 2484: 2429: 2374: 2315: 1749:, former Minister of Environment and first openly bisexual minister. 1636: 984:

Since the 2005 regional elections, many Italian regions governed by

8416: 8401: 8396: 8297: 7331: 7326: 6743:"Ordine Psicologi, gravissimo definire omossessualità una malattia" 6136:"Woman killed by brother who disproved of her transgender identity" 5380:"Arcigay Palermo: "legge contro l'omofobia è un risultato storico"" 5090:"'We're living in fear': LGBT people in Italy pin hopes on new law" 4780: 3802:"Adozioni gay, la Corte d'Appello di Roma conferma: sì a due mamme" 3362: 2468: 2444: 2413: 2389: 2354: 2330: 1866: 1756: 1647:

The major national organization for LGBT rights in Italy is called

1596:

Gay and bisexual men have been allowed to donate blood since 2001.

1476: 1464: 1279: 1194: 1041: 1009: 970: 795:

Same-sex sexual activity has been legal nationwide since 1890. The

141: 117: 3991:"Court recognises gays as dads of 2 surrogate-born kids - English" 3630:"Same-sex marriages performed abroad won't be recognized in Italy" 2921:"Codice Penale 1861 (esteso alle province siciliane e napoletane)" 2586: 1612: 1527:

to delegate the task of passing the draft law to their respective

7363: 7088: 7024: 6047: 4996:"Parlamento Italiano - Disegno di legge S. 404 - 17ª Legislatura" 4811: 4386:"Italy's new Minister for Family says gay families 'don't exist'" 4272:"Italian court claims gay couple's twin children aren't brothers" 2448: 2440: 2393: 2385: 2334: 2326: 1862: 1850: 1838: 1798: 1649: 1629: 1452: 1447: 1338: 1169: 1033: 1029: 997: 965:

At present, while same-sex couples cannot marry, they can access

214: 210: 121: 113: 51: 6927: 3600:"Nozze gay riconosciute dalla Cassazione: prima volta in Italia" 2513:(Under case law confirmed by the Court of Cassation since 2016) 2311:

Anti-discrimination laws in the provision of goods and services

790: 8056: 2472: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2417: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2358: 2346: 2342: 2338: 1834: 1802: 1692: 1682: 1617: 1560: 1508: 1480: 1468: 1460: 1456: 1275: 1186: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1005: 1001: 874: 866: 145: 133: 129: 125: 67: 59: 5873:"La battaglia vinta da Emanuela, è donna anche senza operarsi" 5766:"Italian Transgender Ruling Gives Green Light to Civil Unions" 4964:"Omofobia, sì alle aggravanti. Ma è scontro nella maggioranza" 988:

coalitions have passed resolutions in support of French-style

799:

is 14 years old, regardless of gender and sexual orientation.

729:

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in Italy

687: 7336: 7119: 6518:

Flores, Andrew; Brown, Taylor; Park, Andrew (December 2016),

3570:"Unioni civili, in Gazzetta la legge: in vigore dal 5 giugno" 2234: 1854: 1842: 1812: 1641: 1216: 1198: 1025: 915:

The offender shall suffer imprisonment for one to five years—

732: 6883:

2°-se gli atti sono commessi abitualmente, o a fine di lucro

5514:"Emilia-Romagna: approvata la legge contro l'omo-transfobia" 4302:"Italy Takes A Grande Step Forward For LGBT Parental Rights" 84:

Transgender people allowed to change legal gender since 1982

7844: 7321: 4115:"Italy won't let gay dads register as co-parents to babies" 2582:

Transgender people allowed to serve openly in the military

1858: 1846: 1342: 1221: 1173: 5278: 5256: 3828:"Famiglie gay, Cassazione: "Un bambino può crescere bene"" 1599: 1503:

There is a history of third genders in Italy, such as the

1212:, has welcomed the court's decision as a "positive step". 4705: 4022:"Italian court recognises gay parents for the first time" 6583:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

6553:"This Is How 23 Countries Feel About Transgender People" 3106:"Stepchild adoption, Cassazione: sì in casi particolari" 954: 6229:"Gli Italiani e i gay: il diritto alla differenza 2003" 5126:"Fight over equal rights for LGBT people divides Italy" 5056:"Quella legge sull'omofobia bloccata al Senato da anni" 3773:"Centinaio: "Matrimonio egualitario, nessuna apertura"" 752: 6393:"Presentazione dei risultati del Rapporto Italia 2023" 5733:"Luxuria: "Ora la sinistra mi critica ma vado avanti"" 4241:"Italian court rules surrogate twins are not brothers" 3478:"Senate to examine civil unions bill on Wednesday (2)" 1282:

to other parents by the government under Italian law.

6986:

Diritti e doveri delle persone stabilmente conviventi

5793: 5791: 5083: 5081: 1541:, who was elected in 2006 as a representative of the 731:

significantly advanced in the 21st century, although

5983:"Italy has just elected its first transgender mayor" 5293:"Articolo » Raccolta Normativa Regione Liguria" 4546:"Italy leaves children of same-sex parents in limbo" 2744: 2682:

Access to IVF for lesbians and automatic parenthood

2492:

Recognition of same-sex couples (e.g. civil unions)

2425:

Anti-discrimination laws concerning gender identity

837:. However, of the Penal Code promulgated in 1859 by 755:

nations where same-sex marriages are not permitted.

94:

Gays, lesbians and bisexuals allowed to serve openly

7603:

Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia

6879:

La pena è della reclusione da un anno e cinque anni

6635:"How people in 24 countries view same-sex marriage" 2834:"Codice penale per il Granducato di Toscana (1853)" 1725:, former member of the Chamber of Deputies for the 1705:, former member of the Chamber of Deputies for the 1523:noncontroversial: both Houses of Parliament agreed 5788: 5428:"Approvata legge regionale anti-omofobia - Umbria" 5078: 4471:"Italian Court Rules in Favor of Same-Sex Parents" 3248: 1224:was similarly allowed to register their daughter. 6902:Same-Sex Families and Legal Recognition in Europe 6836:The part here omitted dealt with homosexual rape. 6166:"Italy's Pride Wave – LGBTQ+ Pride in Italy 2020" 4709:We will survive!: lesbiche, gay e trans in Italia 1608:Arcigay's float at the 2007 Rome Gay Pride parade 1486: 1274:rights, among other things, or ultimately become 1132:, Vice President of the Senate and member of the 766:was excluded from the bill, but in June 2016 the 9032: 6773:"Maternità surrogata e diritti umani dei minori" 6717:"Italy says operation not needed for sex change" 5119: 5117: 5115: 2229:In December 2016, a survey was conducted by the 1495:are also legal, with medical approval. However, 1403:MP, broke party lines and voted for the motion. 1370:Italian Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport 743:countries – such as still not recognizing 6517: 6014:"Italy elects its first ever transgender mayor" 5631:"The politics of gender transitioning in Italy" 4413: 4411: 4148:"Adoption of kids by gays recognised - English" 1227:On 2 June 2018, the day after becoming the new 105: 4575:Guy, Barbie Latza Nadeau,Jack (21 July 2023). 4020:McCormick, Joseph Patrick (28 February 2019). 3221:Progetto Preliminare di un Nuovo Codice Penale 2871: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 1352: 1057:election resulted in a conservative majority. 104:Sexual orientation protections in employment ( 8636: 7104: 6943: 5112: 4878:(in Italian). 13 October 2009. Archived from 3939: 1829:A number of Italian cities are recognised as 1307: 1077: 1071: 1061: 791:Legality of same-sex sexual activity in Italy 709: 5891: 5889: 5799:"Court of Cassation judgment of 21 May 2015" 5183: 5181: 4739:Omofobia. Storia e critica di un pregiudizio 4600:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4408: 4204: 4202: 4175: 4173: 4142: 4140: 4081: 3100: 3098: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 1341:sentenced Taormina to the payment of 10,000 1312: 6461:"La regolamentazione delle coppie di fatto" 6453: 5952:"Pecoraro si confessa "lo, ministro bisex"" 5703:"Cross-dressing Italian cop given the boot" 4808:"Camera affossa testo di legge su omofobia" 4731: 4729: 4706:Pedote, Paolo; Nicoletta Poidimani (2007). 4530:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3917:"Italian couple win same-sex adoption case" 3796: 3794: 3143: 3141: 2867: 2865: 2798: 8643: 8629: 7111: 7097: 6950: 6936: 6414: 6412: 6410: 6299:"Comunicato Stampa | Rapporto Italia 2014" 6011: 3244: 3242: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2702:(Banned for heterosexual couples as well) 2694:Commercial surrogacy for gay male couples 1304:however, the court found it inadmissible. 1109:decided to treat the vote on the law as a 716: 702: 28: 8650: 6387: 6385: 6383: 5920: 5918: 5886: 5178: 5123: 5087: 4910:(in Italian). 16 May 2013. Archived from 4199: 4170: 4137: 4112: 4019: 3983: 3860:. Corriere di Bologna. 15 November 2013. 3804:. Corriere della Sera. 23 December 2015. 3095: 3041: 3039: 2949: 2874:"Omosessualità, omofobia, diritto penale" 2828: 2826: 1139: 1117:signed the bill into law on 20 May 2016. 7035:Circle of Homosexual Culture Mario Mieli 6258: 6256: 6254: 6223: 6221: 6044:"Gay newborn poster sparks row in Italy" 5406:"Legge regionale n. 5 del 23 marzo 2016" 5377: 4735: 4726: 4675: 4673: 3881: 3879: 3791: 3658: 3293: 3138: 3008: 3006: 2862: 2550:Single LGBT individual allowed to adopt 1817: 1635: 1623: 1611: 1603: 1143: 861:, the Penal Code of 1853 promulgated by 6441: 6439: 6437: 6407: 6363: 6361: 6359: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6072: 4645: 4238: 3239: 3075: 2902: 2505:Stepchild adoption by same-sex couples 2298:Anti-discrimination laws in employment 1600:LGBT rights groups and public campaigns 961:Recognition of same-sex unions in Italy 9033: 6898: 6380: 6103: 5980: 5915: 5763: 5628: 4269: 4050: 3508:"Italy says 'yes' to gay civil unions" 3036: 2823: 2622:Legal recognition of non-binary gender 1656:Some openly LGBT politicians include: 1491:Cross-dressing is legal in Italy, and 1483:(July 2024) enacted similar measures. 1379:shelved a proposal against homophobic 8624: 7092: 6931: 6697:from the original on 10 November 2021 6251: 6218: 5932:from the original on 17 February 2016 5853:from the original on 15 February 2023 5764:Nadeau, Barbie Latza (16 June 2014). 5745:from the original on 24 February 2012 5006:from the original on 19 February 2020 4670: 4627: 4625: 4481:from the original on 22 November 2022 4383: 4322: 4239:Willows, Jennifer (16 January 2017). 3876: 3592: 3428:from the original on 15 November 2018 3275:from the original on 26 December 2019 3003: 2981: 2439:(Applied only at a regional level in 2384:(Applied only at a regional level in 2325:(Applied only at a regional level in 1763:and first transgender mayor in Italy. 955:Recognition of same-sex relationships 807:) and the microstates of San Marino ( 7649:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy 6499:from the original on 3 November 2013 6495:. Pew Research Center. 4 June 2013. 6493:"The Global Divide on Homosexuality" 6473:from the original on 20 October 2001 6434: 6356: 6344:from the original on 31 October 2021 6334:"Risultati del Rapporto Italia 2021" 6321: 6309:from the original on 31 October 2021 6286: 6239:from the original on 31 October 2021 6176:from the original on 28 October 2020 6024:from the original on 5 November 2019 5962:from the original on 21 October 2018 5776:from the original on 18 October 2016 5554:from the original on 30 October 2021 5323:"Consiglio regionale delle Marche -" 5229:from the original on 4 November 2021 4687:from the original on 30 January 2023 4658:from the original on 24 January 2019 4652:European Lawyers for Workers Network 4646:Micheli, Frederico (November 2018). 4499: 4082:Starza-Allen, Antony (13 May 2019). 3808:from the original on 1 December 2017 3659:Vassallo, Giuseppina (30 May 2018). 3458:from the original on 7 February 2016 3308:from the original on 27 October 2020 3294:Toesland, Finbarr (14 August 2018). 2670:Conversion therapy banned on adults 1791: 1640:Pride revellers in Piazza Vittorio, 1258:after being ordered to do so by the 6753:from the original on 23 August 2013 6680:Legislative Decree no. 216 of 2003. 6589:from the original on 3 January 2019 6146:from the original on 2 October 2020 6054:from the original on 9 January 2020 6012:Pappalardo, Stefano (28 May 2019). 5378:Correnti, Giuseppe (5 March 2015). 5199:from the original on 25 August 2022 5136:from the original on 13 August 2020 5100:from the original on 12 August 2020 4776:"Italian wins gay driving ban case" 4574: 4220:from the original on 11 August 2017 4187:from the original on 11 August 2017 4158:from the original on 11 August 2017 3540:"Mattarella signs civil-unions law" 3358:"Italy may recognise unwed couples" 3338:from the original on 13 August 2020 2531:Joint adoption by same-sex couples 1582: 1215:In April 2018, a lesbian couple in 1060:In 2010, the Constitutional Court ( 608:Political ideologies regarding LGBT 34:Italy wrapped in the colors of the 13: 7118: 6892: 6723:from the original on 27 March 2019 6274:from the original on 14 April 2023 6264:"Gay Pride: orgoglio e pregiudizi" 6196:"28th Annual General Meeting EPOA" 5494:from the original on 26 March 2019 5438:from the original on 27 March 2019 5386:from the original on 16 April 2019 5359:from the original on 27 March 2019 5166:from the original on 14 April 2023 5124:Ghiglione, Davide (17 July 2020). 5088:Giuffrida, Angela (26 July 2020). 5066:from the original on 27 March 2019 4976:from the original on 27 March 2019 4850:from the original on 27 March 2019 4756:from the original on 14 April 2023 4622: 4556:from the original on 18 March 2023 4512:from the original on 18 March 2023 4335:from the original on 27 March 2019 4001:from the original on 27 March 2019 3957:from the original on 27 March 2019 3927:from the original on 27 March 2019 3897:from the original on 27 March 2019 3864:from the original on 27 March 2019 3838:from the original on 27 March 2019 3779:from the original on 19 March 2023 3753:from the original on 10 March 2023 3727:from the original on 10 March 2023 3610:from the original on 27 March 2019 3580:from the original on 27 March 2019 3550:from the original on 27 March 2019 3181:from the original on 27 March 2019 3126:from the original on 27 March 2019 3047:"Country Ranking - Rainbow Europe" 14: 9052: 9020:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 6957: 6783:from the original on 13 July 2022 6559:from the original on 5 April 2018 6235:(in Italian). 20 September 2012. 6104:Lepore, Francesco (8 June 2019). 5713:from the original on 27 June 2020 5669:from the original on 12 July 2021 5548:demetra.regione.emilia-romagna.it 5464:from the original on 26 June 2020 5303:from the original on 16 June 2021 4972:(in Italian). 19 September 2013. 4814:. 13 October 2009. Archived from 4788:from the original on 9 March 2012 4712:. Mimesis Edizioni. p. 181. 4451:from the original on 10 June 2022 3640:from the original on 21 June 2019 3484:. 13 October 2015. Archived from 3370:from the original on 7 March 2007 3202:Codice penale esteso alla Sicilia 3024:from the original on 6 March 2020 2850:from the original on 8 April 2020 2787:LGBT rights in the European Union 1876: 1591: 8605: 8604: 8593: 7073: 7072: 6765: 6735: 6709: 6683: 6674: 6645: 6627: 6615:from the original on 9 July 2021 6601: 6571: 6545: 6511: 6485: 6206:from the original on 17 May 2021 6188: 6158: 6128: 6116:from the original on 9 June 2019 6097: 6085:from the original on 9 June 2019 6073:Minacci, Fabiano (8 June 2019). 6066: 6036: 6005: 5974: 5944: 5865: 5839: 5815: 5757: 5741:(in Italian). 25 November 2008. 5725: 5695: 5681: 5622: 5596: 5584:from the original on 17 May 2021 5566: 5536: 5524:from the original on 17 May 2021 5333:from the original on 17 May 2021 5036:from the original on 22 May 2019 4742:. Edizioni Dedalo. p. 155. 4396:from the original on 1 June 2019 4365:from the original on 1 June 2019 4282:from the original on 1 June 2019 4270:Taylor, Jeff (11 January 2017). 4251:from the original on 1 June 2019 4125:from the original on 1 June 2019 4094:from the original on 1 June 2019 4063:from the original on 10 May 2019 4032:from the original on 1 June 2019 3977:"L'Adozione in casi particolari" 3701:from the original on 1 June 2019 3671:from the original on 1 June 2019 3155:from the original on 3 June 2021 3076:McCurry, Justin (2 April 2023). 3057:from the original on 21 May 2019 2761: 2747: 2729: 2710: 2697: 2685: 2673: 2660: 2654: 2638: 2626: 2612: 2597: 2585: 2572: 2559: 2553: 2540: 2534: 2521: 2518:Foster care by same-sex couples 2508: 2495: 2483: 2434: 2428: 2379: 2373: 2320: 2314: 2301: 2288: 2271: 2260: 1884:Italians support for gay rights 1773:(which is currently the largest 1441: 1229:Family and the Disabled Minister 686: 413:Criminalization of homosexuality 201: 8334:Orders, decorations, and medals 6862: 6853: 6839: 6830: 6815: 6805: 6779:(in Italian). 25 January 2021. 6534:from the original on 8 May 2017 6377: (archived 21 August 2022) 6305:(in Italian). 29 January 2014. 6170:The Big Gay Podcast from Puglia 5506: 5476: 5450: 5420: 5398: 5371: 5345: 5315: 5285: 5263: 5241: 5225:(in Italian). 4 November 2021. 5211: 5195:(in Italian). 4 November 2021. 5148: 5048: 5018: 4988: 4956: 4926: 4894: 4862: 4846:(in Italian). 13 October 2009. 4830: 4800: 4768: 4699: 4639: 4608: 4568: 4538: 4493: 4463: 4437: 4377: 4347: 4323:Boezi, Francesco (2 May 2018). 4316: 4294: 4263: 4232: 4106: 4075: 4044: 4013: 3969: 3909: 3850: 3820: 3765: 3739: 3713: 3683: 3652: 3622: 3562: 3532: 3520:from the original on 3 May 2019 3500: 3470: 3440: 3408: 3382: 3350: 3320: 3287: 3257: 3212: 3193: 3167: 3112: 2268:Same-sex sexual activity legal 7007:Recognition of same-sex unions 6749:(in Italian). 23 August 2021. 6555:. Buzzfeed. 29 December 2016. 5903:(in Italian). 11 December 2018 4113:Wakefield, Lily (9 May 2019). 4051:Phelan, Jessica (9 May 2019). 3069: 2872:Emilio Dolcini (14 May 2012). 1715:, former spokesperson for the 1695:and a prominent figure in the 1487:Gender identity and expression 1087:European Court of Human Rights 1: 6976:Homosexuality in ancient Rome 5580:(in Italian). 6 August 2020. 4940:. 9 July 2013. Archived from 2792: 2594:Right to change legal gender 1566:Legge 1 dicembre 1970, n. 898 1537:The first transgender MP was 6371:Sintesi Rapporto Italia 2022 6270:(in Italian). 11 June 2009. 5647:10.1080/13532944.2012.706998 5520:(in Italian). 30 July 2019. 5410:Regional Council of Piedmont 3953:(in Italian). 22 June 2016. 1743:(came out after retirement). 1669:Communist Refoundation Party 1557:Legge 14 aprile 1982, n. 164 1543:Communist Refoundation Party 1323:second Berlusconi government 603:Political parties affiliates 158:Recognition of relationships 7: 8374:Water supply and sanitation 7798:Italian geographical region 7666:Monarchy and the World Wars 7608:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 7494:War of the Sicilian Vespers 7147:Timeline of Italian history 7052:In Italia Sono Tutti Maschi 6469:(in Italian). 15 May 2009. 6340:(in Italian). 13 May 2021. 5981:Morgan, Joe (28 May 2019). 5958:(in Italian). 2 June 2000. 5032:(in Italian). 17 May 2018. 4500:TG24, Sky (13 March 2023). 4384:Duffy, Nick (5 June 2018). 4304:. Above the Law. 2 May 2018 4216:(in Italian). 9 June 2017. 3697:(in Italian). 14 May 2018. 2740: 1515:in the early-to-mid-1700s. 1425:Italian bishops' conference 1353:Hate crimes and hate speech 871:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 64:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 10: 9057: 8293:Inventions and discoveries 7703:Fall of the Fascist regime 7686:Fourth War of Independence 7644:Expedition of the Thousand 7634:Second War of Independence 6981:Oliari and Others v. Italy 3251:"La Tolleranza Repressiva" 2608:Gender self-identification 1493:sex reassignment surgeries 1308:Discrimination protections 1098:civil union law in Germany 1068:Supreme Court of Cassation 1044:, led by the centre-right 958: 826: 822: 817:which equalized it in 1791 813:which equalized it in 1793 809:which equalized it in 1864 805:which equalized it in 1858 768:Supreme Court of Cassation 100:Discrimination protections 9007: 8959: 8921: 8658: 8589: 8387: 8233: 8224: 8088: 8079: 8067:Security and intelligence 7940: 7931: 7793: 7784: 7727: 7654:Third War of Independence 7629:First War of Independence 7616: 7509: 7418: 7299: 7236: 7155: 7139: 7130: 7068: 7043: 7017: 6994: 6963: 5629:Garosi, Eleonora (2012). 5610:(in Italian). 9 July 2024 4736:Borrillo, Daniel (2009). 1616:Participants at the 2017 1313:Employment discrimination 168: 156: 151: 98: 88: 78: 42: 27: 20: 7745:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus 7740:Institutional referendum 6798: 5828:20 February 2019 at the 1833:destinations, including 1681:and former President of 1667:; former deputy for the 1160:On 11 January 2013, the 780:anti-discrimination laws 8268:Emigration and diaspora 7477:Guelphs and Ghibellines 7462:the Sardinian Judicates 6845:Full Italian version: " 5928:. ANSA. 29 April 2015. 5488:www.regione.piemonte.it 5327:www.consiglio.marche.it 3482:Gazzetta del Sud Online 1747:Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio 1735:, former member of the 941:Italian Social Republic 163:Civil unions since 2016 8701:Bosnia and Herzegovina 8150:Science and technology 8098:Italian regions by GDP 7899:Marine protected areas 7571:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 6899:Digoix, Marie (2020). 6868:Full original version: 5297:lrv.regione.liguria.it 3269:www.storiaxxisecolo.it 2233:in collaboration with 1928:same-sex civil unions 1826: 1691:, former President of 1644: 1633: 1621: 1609: 1413:Senate of the Republic 1330: 1285:On 30 March 2023, the 1185:In February 2017, the 1153: 1140:Adoption and parenting 1078: 1072: 1062: 926: 859:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 853: 56:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 9041:LGBTQ rights in Italy 8652:LGBT rights in Europe 8349:Public administration 7457:the Holy Roman Empire 6874:Relazioni omosessuali 6142:. 19 September 2020. 5259:on 27 September 2007. 3452:Religion News Service 2782:LGBT rights in Europe 2777:Human rights in Italy 1821: 1741:Italian Radical Party 1727:Democrats of the Left 1639: 1627: 1615: 1607: 1393:The People of Freedom 1147: 1085:On 21 July 2015, the 897: 873:, since 1819) and in 847: 829:LGBT history in Italy 676:LGBT people in prison 22:LGBTQ rights in Italy 8577:World Heritage Sites 8032:Council of Ministers 7770:Coronavirus pandemic 7168:Currency and coinage 5849:. 15 February 2015. 5709:. 29 December 2006. 5030:Osservatorio Diritti 4477:. 17 November 2022. 3997:. 28 February 2017. 3396:on 28 September 2017 3249:Giovanni dall'Orto. 3151:. 15 February 2017. 2817:27 June 2013 at the 1822:The 2019 edition of 1679:Left Ecology Freedom 1628:The 2012 edition of 1130:Gian Marco Centinaio 1111:matter of confidence 1063:Corte Costituzionale 949:Christian Democratic 483:Military and Veteran 8922:States with limited 8108:Automotive industry 8047:Metropolitan cities 7593:Early Modern period 7566:Kingdom of Sardinia 7517:Italian city-states 6905:. Springer Nature. 6639:Pew Research Center 6585:. 29 October 2018. 6466:Corriere della Sera 6172:. 20 January 2020. 6050:. 25 October 2007. 5281:on 19 October 2007. 5223:Il Fatto Quotidiano 5162:. 5 November 2020. 4944:on 16 November 2018 4843:Corriere della Sera 4683:. 15 January 2023. 3834:. 11 January 2013. 3832:il Fatto Quotidiano 3606:. 3 February 2017. 3454:. 3 February 2016. 3366:. 9 February 2007. 3332:Il Fatto Quotidiano 2250:Pew Research Center 1769:, secretary of the 1737:European Parliament 1529:Standing Committees 1385:Union of the Centre 1377:Chamber of Deputies 1287:European Parliament 1210:Famiglie Arcobaleno 1193:In March 2017, the 1073:Corte di Cassazione 843:Kingdom of Sardinia 273:Transgender rights 70:since 1810 (as the 62:since 1819 (as the 54:since 1853 (as the 8170:Telecommunications 7537:Maritime republics 6911:20.500.12657/37726 6662:. 22 December 2023 4882:on 1 February 2014 4818:on 16 October 2009 3488:on 1 November 2017 3051:rainbow-europe.org 2937:on 15 January 2022 2649:Conversion therapy 2480:Same-sex marriage 2231:Williams Institute 2120:same-sex adoption 2024:same-sex marriage 1827: 1739:and leader of the 1645: 1634: 1622: 1610: 1548:L'Isola dei Famosi 1479:(August 2020) and 1278:and be put up for 1179:Court of Cassation 1162:Court of Cassation 1154: 1124:On 10 March 2023, 1102:stepchild adoption 1052:Government led by 839:Victor Emmanuel II 764:Stepchild adoption 398:Conversion therapy 252:Germany (pre-1933) 9028: 9027: 8618: 8617: 8585: 8584: 8220: 8219: 8155:Southern question 8075: 8074: 8007:Political parties 7955:Foreign relations 7927: 7926: 7780: 7779: 7501:Kingdom of Naples 7489:Kingdom of Sicily 7086: 7085: 6920:978-3-030-37054-1 5416:on 11 April 2021. 4552:. 18 March 2023. 4447:. 26 March 2022. 3923:. 29 April 2016. 3775:. 14 March 2023. 3749:. 10 March 2023. 2991:. 8 November 2023 2738: 2737: 2651:banned on minors 2215: 2214: 1792:Living conditions 1761:Province of Pavia 1717:People of Freedom 1713:Daniele Capezzone 1525:without objection 1513:Catterina Vizzani 1459:(February 2010), 1455:(November 2009), 1387:and supported by 1256:birth certificate 1115:Sergio Mattarella 1046:House of Freedoms 879:Kingdom of Naples 745:same-sex marriage 726: 725: 588:Sexual revolution 543:Bisexual politics 302:Decriminalization 178: 177: 72:Kingdom of Naples 9048: 8960:Dependencies and 8659:Sovereign states 8645: 8638: 8631: 8622: 8621: 8608: 8607: 8600:Italy portal 8597: 8596: 8537:National symbols 8231: 8230: 8086: 8085: 7938: 7937: 7791: 7790: 7671:Kingdom of Italy 7598:Napoleonic Italy 7137: 7136: 7113: 7106: 7099: 7090: 7089: 7076: 7075: 7059:Some Prefer Cake 6952: 6945: 6938: 6929: 6928: 6924: 6886: 6866: 6860: 6857: 6851: 6843: 6837: 6834: 6822: 6819: 6813: 6809: 6793: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6769: 6763: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6739: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6719:. 21 July 2015. 6713: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6693:. 27 June 2019. 6687: 6681: 6678: 6672: 6671: 6669: 6667: 6657: 6649: 6643: 6642: 6631: 6625: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6605: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6594: 6575: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6549: 6543: 6542: 6541: 6539: 6533: 6526: 6515: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6504: 6489: 6483: 6482: 6480: 6478: 6457: 6451: 6450: 6443: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6427: 6416: 6405: 6404: 6402: 6400: 6389: 6378: 6365: 6354: 6353: 6351: 6349: 6330: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6314: 6295: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6279: 6260: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6244: 6225: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6192: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6162: 6156: 6155: 6153: 6151: 6132: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6121: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6090: 6070: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6040: 6034: 6033: 6031: 6029: 6009: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5989:. Archived from 5978: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5967: 5956:La Repubblica.it 5948: 5942: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5922: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5908: 5893: 5884: 5883: 5881: 5879: 5869: 5863: 5862: 5860: 5858: 5843: 5837: 5833:, 23 July 2015, 5819: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5808: 5803: 5795: 5786: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5761: 5755: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5729: 5723: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5699: 5693: 5692: 5685: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5674: 5626: 5620: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5608:bisceglielive.it 5600: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5589: 5570: 5564: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5510: 5504: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5480: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5469: 5460:. 4 April 2017. 5454: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5434:. 4 April 2017. 5424: 5418: 5417: 5412:. Archived from 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5375: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5355:. 6 March 2015. 5349: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5319: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5277:. Archived from 5267: 5261: 5260: 5255:. Archived from 5245: 5239: 5238: 5236: 5234: 5215: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5185: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5152: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5121: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5085: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5052: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5022: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5011: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4960: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4930: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4914:on 27 March 2019 4898: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4834: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4804: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4784:. 13 July 2008. 4772: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4733: 4724: 4723: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4677: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4643: 4637: 4636: 4629: 4620: 4619: 4612: 4606: 4605: 4599: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4572: 4566: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4542: 4536: 4535: 4529: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4497: 4491: 4490: 4488: 4486: 4475:www.advocate.com 4467: 4461: 4460: 4458: 4456: 4441: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4415: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4381: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4351: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4320: 4314: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4298: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4236: 4230: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4214:certidiritti.org 4206: 4197: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4177: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4154:. 9 March 2017. 4144: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4110: 4104: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4017: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4006: 3987: 3981: 3980: 3973: 3967: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3943: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3913: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3893:. 2 March 2016. 3883: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3854: 3848: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3798: 3789: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3769: 3763: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3723:. 9 March 2023. 3717: 3711: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3687: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3626: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3604:Blitz quotidiano 3596: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3566: 3560: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3504: 3498: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3444: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3424:. 21 July 2015. 3412: 3406: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3392:. Archived from 3386: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3354: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3324: 3318: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3291: 3285: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3265:"Fascismo e gay" 3261: 3255: 3254: 3246: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3226: 3216: 3210: 3209: 3207: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3171: 3165: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3145: 3136: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3116: 3110: 3109: 3102: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3043: 3034: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3010: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2960: 2947: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2936: 2930:. Archived from 2925: 2917: 2900: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2889: 2883:. Archived from 2878: 2869: 2860: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2849: 2838: 2830: 2821: 2809: 2771: 2766: 2765: 2764: 2757: 2752: 2751: 2750: 2733: 2714: 2701: 2689: 2677: 2664: 2658: 2642: 2630: 2616: 2601: 2589: 2576: 2563: 2557: 2544: 2538: 2525: 2512: 2499: 2487: 2438: 2432: 2383: 2377: 2324: 2318: 2305: 2292: 2275: 2265: 2264: 2210: 2203: 2196: 2189: 2182: 2175: 2168: 2161: 2154: 2147: 2140: 2133: 2126: 2114: 2107: 2100: 2093: 2086: 2079: 2072: 2065: 2058: 2051: 2044: 2037: 2030: 2018: 2011: 2004: 1997: 1990: 1983: 1976: 1969: 1962: 1955: 1948: 1941: 1934: 1881: 1880: 1775:opposition party 1771:Democratic Party 1707:Democratic Party 1697:Democratic Party 1689:Rosario Crocetta 1661:Vladimir Luxuria 1583:Military service 1539:Vladimir Luxuria 1401:Democratic Party 1321:directives, the 1126:Ivan Scalfarotto 1081: 1075: 1065: 939:, and under the 937:Benito Mussolini 905:Homosexual acts. 741:Western European 718: 711: 704: 690: 473:Community centre 329:Military service 269:Social attitudes 205: 195: 180: 179: 32: 18: 17: 9056: 9055: 9051: 9050: 9049: 9047: 9046: 9045: 9031: 9030: 9029: 9024: 9003: 8961: 8955: 8941:Northern Cyprus 8923: 8917: 8833:North Macedonia 8654: 8649: 8619: 8614: 8594: 8581: 8552:Public holidays 8383: 8329:Life expectancy 8216: 8071: 7987:Law enforcement 7923: 7776: 7723: 7712:Social Republic 7676:Colonial Empire 7659:Capture of Rome 7612: 7505: 7414: 7307:Ancient peoples 7295: 7232: 7193:Historic states 7151: 7126: 7117: 7087: 7082: 7064: 7039: 7013: 6990: 6959: 6956: 6921: 6895: 6893:Further reading 6890: 6889: 6882: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6869: 6867: 6863: 6858: 6854: 6844: 6840: 6835: 6831: 6826: 6825: 6820: 6816: 6810: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6786: 6784: 6771: 6770: 6766: 6756: 6754: 6741: 6740: 6736: 6726: 6724: 6715: 6714: 6710: 6700: 6698: 6689: 6688: 6684: 6679: 6675: 6665: 6663: 6655: 6651: 6650: 6646: 6641:. 13 June 2023. 6633: 6632: 6628: 6618: 6616: 6607: 6606: 6602: 6592: 6590: 6577: 6576: 6572: 6562: 6560: 6551: 6550: 6546: 6537: 6535: 6531: 6524: 6516: 6512: 6502: 6500: 6491: 6490: 6486: 6476: 6474: 6459: 6458: 6454: 6445: 6444: 6435: 6425: 6423: 6418: 6417: 6408: 6398: 6396: 6391: 6390: 6381: 6375:Wayback Machine 6366: 6357: 6347: 6345: 6332: 6331: 6322: 6312: 6310: 6297: 6296: 6287: 6277: 6275: 6262: 6261: 6252: 6242: 6240: 6227: 6226: 6219: 6209: 6207: 6194: 6193: 6189: 6179: 6177: 6164: 6163: 6159: 6149: 6147: 6134: 6133: 6129: 6119: 6117: 6102: 6098: 6088: 6086: 6071: 6067: 6057: 6055: 6042: 6041: 6037: 6027: 6025: 6010: 6006: 5996: 5994: 5993:on 14 June 2019 5979: 5975: 5965: 5963: 5950: 5949: 5945: 5935: 5933: 5924: 5923: 5916: 5906: 5904: 5895: 5894: 5887: 5877: 5875: 5871: 5870: 5866: 5856: 5854: 5845: 5844: 5840: 5830:Wayback Machine 5820: 5816: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5797: 5796: 5789: 5779: 5777: 5770:The Daily Beast 5762: 5758: 5748: 5746: 5731: 5730: 5726: 5716: 5714: 5701: 5700: 5696: 5687: 5686: 5682: 5672: 5670: 5627: 5623: 5613: 5611: 5602: 5601: 5597: 5587: 5585: 5572: 5571: 5567: 5557: 5555: 5542: 5541: 5537: 5527: 5525: 5512: 5511: 5507: 5497: 5495: 5482: 5481: 5477: 5467: 5465: 5456: 5455: 5451: 5441: 5439: 5426: 5425: 5421: 5404: 5403: 5399: 5389: 5387: 5376: 5372: 5362: 5360: 5351: 5350: 5346: 5336: 5334: 5321: 5320: 5316: 5306: 5304: 5291: 5290: 5286: 5269: 5268: 5264: 5247: 5246: 5242: 5232: 5230: 5217: 5216: 5212: 5202: 5200: 5187: 5186: 5179: 5169: 5167: 5154: 5153: 5149: 5139: 5137: 5130:Financial Times 5122: 5113: 5103: 5101: 5086: 5079: 5069: 5067: 5062:. 17 May 2017. 5054: 5053: 5049: 5039: 5037: 5024: 5023: 5019: 5009: 5007: 4994: 4993: 4989: 4979: 4977: 4962: 4961: 4957: 4947: 4945: 4932: 4931: 4927: 4917: 4915: 4900: 4899: 4895: 4885: 4883: 4868: 4867: 4863: 4853: 4851: 4836: 4835: 4831: 4821: 4819: 4806: 4805: 4801: 4791: 4789: 4774: 4773: 4769: 4759: 4757: 4750: 4734: 4727: 4720: 4704: 4700: 4690: 4688: 4679: 4678: 4671: 4661: 4659: 4644: 4640: 4635:. 6 March 2024. 4631: 4630: 4623: 4618:. 21 June 2023. 4614: 4613: 4609: 4593: 4592: 4585: 4583: 4573: 4569: 4559: 4557: 4544: 4543: 4539: 4523: 4522: 4515: 4513: 4498: 4494: 4484: 4482: 4469: 4468: 4464: 4454: 4452: 4443: 4442: 4438: 4428: 4426: 4417: 4416: 4409: 4399: 4397: 4382: 4378: 4368: 4366: 4361:. 2 June 2018. 4353: 4352: 4348: 4338: 4336: 4321: 4317: 4307: 4305: 4300: 4299: 4295: 4285: 4283: 4268: 4264: 4254: 4252: 4237: 4233: 4223: 4221: 4208: 4207: 4200: 4190: 4188: 4179: 4178: 4171: 4161: 4159: 4146: 4145: 4138: 4128: 4126: 4111: 4107: 4097: 4095: 4080: 4076: 4066: 4064: 4049: 4045: 4035: 4033: 4018: 4014: 4004: 4002: 3989: 3988: 3984: 3975: 3974: 3970: 3960: 3958: 3945: 3944: 3940: 3930: 3928: 3915: 3914: 3910: 3900: 3898: 3885: 3884: 3877: 3867: 3865: 3856: 3855: 3851: 3841: 3839: 3826: 3825: 3821: 3811: 3809: 3800: 3799: 3792: 3782: 3780: 3771: 3770: 3766: 3756: 3754: 3745: 3744: 3740: 3730: 3728: 3719: 3718: 3714: 3704: 3702: 3689: 3688: 3684: 3674: 3672: 3657: 3653: 3643: 3641: 3636:. 15 May 2018. 3628: 3627: 3623: 3613: 3611: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3583: 3581: 3576:. 21 May 2016. 3568: 3567: 3563: 3553: 3551: 3546:. 20 May 2016. 3538: 3537: 3533: 3523: 3521: 3516:. 11 May 2016. 3506: 3505: 3501: 3491: 3489: 3476: 3475: 3471: 3461: 3459: 3446: 3445: 3441: 3431: 3429: 3414: 3413: 3409: 3399: 3397: 3388: 3387: 3383: 3373: 3371: 3356: 3355: 3351: 3341: 3339: 3334:. 2 July 2014. 3326: 3325: 3321: 3311: 3309: 3292: 3288: 3278: 3276: 3263: 3262: 3258: 3247: 3240: 3230: 3228: 3224: 3218: 3217: 3213: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3194: 3184: 3182: 3173: 3172: 3168: 3158: 3156: 3147: 3146: 3139: 3129: 3127: 3122:. 7 June 2016. 3118: 3117: 3113: 3108:. 22 June 2016. 3104: 3103: 3096: 3086: 3084: 3074: 3070: 3060: 3058: 3045: 3044: 3037: 3027: 3025: 3012: 3011: 3004: 2994: 2992: 2987: 2986: 2982: 2972: 2970: 2962: 2961: 2950: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2923: 2919: 2918: 2903: 2893: 2891: 2887: 2881:statoechiese.it 2876: 2870: 2863: 2853: 2851: 2847: 2836: 2832: 2831: 2824: 2819:Wayback Machine 2810: 2799: 2795: 2767: 2762: 2760: 2753: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2263: 2208: 2201: 2194: 2187: 2180: 2173: 2166: 2159: 2152: 2145: 2138: 2131: 2124: 2112: 2105: 2098: 2091: 2084: 2077: 2070: 2063: 2056: 2049: 2042: 2035: 2028: 2016: 2009: 2002: 1995: 1988: 1981: 1974: 1967: 1960: 1953: 1946: 1939: 1932: 1879: 1794: 1753:Gianmarco Negri 1723:Franco Grillini 1602: 1594: 1585: 1507:in traditional 1497:gender identity 1489: 1444: 1359:Franco Grillini 1355: 1315: 1310: 1233:Lorenzo Fontana 1142: 1091:Oliari v. Italy 975:social security 963: 957: 921: 917: 913: 886:Zanardelli Code 835:Napoleonic Code 831: 825: 815:) and Andorra ( 793: 784:Italian regions 722: 681: 680: 669:Minority rights 649: 641: 640: 621: 613: 612: 563:Homonationalism 533: 525: 524: 453: 445: 444: 403:Corrective rape 388: 380: 379: 297: 289: 288: 264:Intersex rights 232: 193: 111: 109: 80:Gender identity 49: 38: 23: 12: 11: 5: 9054: 9044: 9043: 9026: 9025: 9023: 9022: 9017: 9015:European Union 9011: 9009: 9008:Other entities 9005: 9004: 9002: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8965: 8963: 8962:other entities 8957: 8956: 8954: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8938: 8933: 8927: 8925: 8919: 8918: 8916: 8915: 8910: 8908:United Kingdom 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8721:Czech Republic 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8688: 8683: 8678: 8673: 8668: 8662: 8660: 8656: 8655: 8648: 8647: 8640: 8633: 8625: 8616: 8615: 8613: 8612: 8602: 8590: 8587: 8586: 8583: 8582: 8580: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8393: 8391: 8385: 8384: 8382: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8325: 8324: 8323: 8322: 8307: 8306: 8305: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8234: 8228: 8222: 8221: 8218: 8217: 8215: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8203: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8160:Stock exchange 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8126: 8125: 8120: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8089: 8083: 8077: 8076: 8073: 8072: 8070: 8069: 8064: 8062:Municipalities 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8022:Prime Minister 8019: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7973: 7972: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7941: 7935: 7929: 7928: 7925: 7924: 7922: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7909:Regional parks 7906: 7904:National parks 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7865: 7864: 7854: 7853: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7816: 7815: 7813:Climate change 7805: 7800: 7794: 7788: 7782: 7781: 7778: 7777: 7775: 7774: 7773: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7731: 7729: 7725: 7724: 7722: 7721: 7720: 7719: 7714: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7689: 7688: 7678: 7673: 7663: 7662: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7620: 7618: 7614: 7613: 7611: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7589: 7588: 7578: 7576:Duchy of Savoy 7573: 7568: 7563: 7562: 7561: 7560: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7513: 7511: 7507: 7506: 7504: 7503: 7498: 7497: 7496: 7486: 7484:Lombard League 7481: 7480: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7422: 7420: 7416: 7415: 7413: 7412: 7411: 7410: 7409: 7408: 7406:Western Empire 7398: 7393: 7391:Roman conquest 7388: 7383: 7373: 7372: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7345: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7312:Italic peoples 7303: 7301: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7293: 7292: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7240: 7238: 7234: 7233: 7231: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7159: 7157: 7153: 7152: 7150: 7149: 7143: 7141: 7134: 7128: 7127: 7116: 7115: 7108: 7101: 7093: 7084: 7083: 7081: 7080: 7069: 7066: 7065: 7063: 7062: 7055: 7047: 7045: 7041: 7040: 7038: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7021: 7019: 7015: 7014: 7012: 7011: 7010: 7009: 6998: 6996: 6992: 6991: 6989: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6967: 6965: 6961: 6960: 6955: 6954: 6947: 6940: 6932: 6926: 6925: 6919: 6894: 6891: 6888: 6887: 6861: 6852: 6838: 6828: 6827: 6824: 6823: 6814: 6803: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6794: 6764: 6734: 6708: 6682: 6673: 6660:data.europa.eu 6644: 6626: 6600: 6570: 6544: 6510: 6484: 6452: 6449:. 25 May 2024. 6433: 6406: 6379: 6355: 6320: 6285: 6250: 6217: 6187: 6157: 6127: 6112:(in Italian). 6096: 6081:(in Italian). 6065: 6035: 6004: 5973: 5943: 5914: 5885: 5864: 5838: 5814: 5787: 5756: 5724: 5694: 5680: 5641:(4): 465–478. 5621: 5595: 5565: 5550:(in Italian). 5535: 5505: 5475: 5449: 5419: 5397: 5370: 5344: 5314: 5284: 5262: 5240: 5210: 5177: 5147: 5111: 5077: 5047: 5017: 4987: 4955: 4925: 4893: 4861: 4829: 4810:(in Italian). 4799: 4767: 4748: 4725: 4718: 4698: 4669: 4638: 4621: 4607: 4567: 4537: 4508:(in Italian). 4492: 4462: 4436: 4407: 4376: 4346: 4315: 4293: 4262: 4231: 4198: 4169: 4136: 4105: 4074: 4043: 4012: 3982: 3968: 3938: 3908: 3875: 3849: 3819: 3790: 3764: 3738: 3712: 3682: 3667:(in Italian). 3651: 3621: 3591: 3561: 3531: 3499: 3469: 3439: 3407: 3381: 3349: 3319: 3286: 3271:(in Italian). 3256: 3238: 3211: 3208:. p. 135. 3192: 3166: 3137: 3111: 3094: 3068: 3035: 3002: 2980: 2948: 2901: 2861: 2822: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2773: 2772: 2758: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2735: 2727: 2717: 2716: 2708: 2704: 2703: 2695: 2691: 2690: 2683: 2679: 2678: 2671: 2667: 2666: 2652: 2645: 2644: 2636: 2632: 2631: 2624: 2618: 2617: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2595: 2591: 2590: 2583: 2579: 2578: 2570: 2566: 2565: 2551: 2547: 2546: 2532: 2528: 2527: 2526:(Sicnce 1983) 2519: 2515: 2514: 2506: 2502: 2501: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2481: 2477: 2476: 2465:Emilia-Romagna 2426: 2422: 2421: 2410:Emilia-Romagna 2371: 2363: 2362: 2351:Emilia-Romagna 2312: 2308: 2307: 2299: 2295: 2294: 2286: 2283:age of consent 2278: 2277: 2269: 2262: 2259: 2253:right at 66%. 2213: 2212: 2205: 2198: 2191: 2184: 2177: 2170: 2163: 2156: 2149: 2142: 2135: 2128: 2121: 2117: 2116: 2109: 2102: 2095: 2088: 2081: 2074: 2067: 2060: 2053: 2046: 2039: 2032: 2025: 2021: 2020: 2013: 2006: 1999: 1992: 1985: 1978: 1971: 1964: 1957: 1950: 1943: 1936: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1878: 1877:Public opinion 1875: 1793: 1790: 1783: 1782: 1764: 1750: 1744: 1733:Marco Pannella 1730: 1720: 1710: 1700: 1686: 1672: 1665:Georgina Beyer 1601: 1598: 1593: 1592:Blood donation 1590: 1584: 1581: 1488: 1485: 1473:Emilia-Romagna 1471:(April 2017), 1463:(March 2015), 1443: 1440: 1421:Alessandro Zan 1354: 1351: 1335:Carlo Taormina 1319:European Union 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1141: 1138: 1038:Emilia-Romagna 959:Main article: 956: 953: 824: 821: 797:age of consent 792: 789: 776:discrimination 724: 723: 721: 720: 713: 706: 698: 695: 694: 683: 682: 679: 678: 673: 672: 671: 661: 656: 654:Discrimination 650: 647: 646: 643: 642: 639: 638: 633: 628: 622: 619: 618: 615: 614: 611: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 585: 580: 575: 573:Libertarianism 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 534: 531: 530: 527: 526: 523: 522: 521: 520: 515: 510: 502: 501: 500: 495: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 454: 451: 450: 447: 446: 443: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 421: 420: 410: 408:Discrimination 405: 400: 395: 389: 386: 385: 382: 381: 378: 377: 372: 371: 370: 360: 355: 354: 353: 343: 342: 341: 331: 326: 321: 320: 319: 314: 304: 298: 295: 294: 291: 290: 287: 286: 285: 284: 279: 271: 266: 261: 260: 259: 254: 249: 239: 233: 230: 229: 226: 225: 207: 206: 198: 197: 189: 188: 176: 175: 172: 166: 165: 160: 154: 153: 149: 148: 138:Emilia-Romagna 102: 96: 95: 92: 86: 85: 82: 76: 75: 46: 40: 39: 33: 25: 24: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9053: 9042: 9039: 9038: 9036: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9012: 9010: 9006: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8974:Faroe Islands 8972: 8970: 8967: 8966: 8964: 8958: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8946:South Ossetia 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8928: 8926: 8920: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8793:Liechtenstein 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 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6972: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6962: 6958:LGBT in Italy 6953: 6948: 6946: 6941: 6939: 6934: 6933: 6930: 6922: 6916: 6912: 6908: 6904: 6903: 6897: 6896: 6884: 6865: 6856: 6849: 6842: 6833: 6829: 6818: 6808: 6804: 6782: 6778: 6774: 6768: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6738: 6722: 6718: 6712: 6696: 6692: 6686: 6677: 6661: 6654: 6648: 6640: 6636: 6630: 6614: 6610: 6604: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6574: 6558: 6554: 6548: 6530: 6523: 6522: 6514: 6498: 6494: 6488: 6472: 6468: 6467: 6462: 6456: 6448: 6442: 6440: 6438: 6422:. 25 May 2023 6421: 6415: 6413: 6411: 6395:. 17 May 2023 6394: 6388: 6386: 6384: 6376: 6372: 6369: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6329: 6327: 6325: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6294: 6292: 6290: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6224: 6222: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6191: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6161: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6131: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6100: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6069: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6039: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6008: 5992: 5988: 5987:Gay Star News 5984: 5977: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5947: 5931: 5927: 5921: 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4844: 4839: 4833: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4803: 4787: 4783: 4782: 4777: 4771: 4755: 4751: 4749:9788822055132 4745: 4741: 4740: 4732: 4730: 4721: 4719:9788884835673 4715: 4711: 4710: 4702: 4686: 4682: 4676: 4674: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4642: 4634: 4628: 4626: 4617: 4611: 4603: 4597: 4582: 4578: 4571: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4541: 4533: 4527: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4496: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4466: 4450: 4446: 4440: 4424: 4420: 4414: 4412: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4380: 4364: 4360: 4359:Repubblica.it 4356: 4350: 4334: 4330: 4329:ilGiornale.it 4326: 4319: 4303: 4297: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4266: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4235: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4205: 4203: 4186: 4182: 4176: 4174: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4143: 4141: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4109: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4078: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4047: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4016: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3986: 3978: 3972: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3942: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3912: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3882: 3880: 3863: 3859: 3853: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3823: 3807: 3803: 3797: 3795: 3778: 3774: 3768: 3752: 3748: 3742: 3726: 3722: 3716: 3700: 3696: 3695:La Repubblica 3692: 3686: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3655: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3625: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3595: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3565: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3535: 3519: 3515: 3514: 3509: 3503: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3473: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3443: 3427: 3423: 3422: 3417: 3411: 3395: 3391: 3385: 3369: 3365: 3364: 3359: 3353: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3323: 3307: 3303: 3302: 3297: 3290: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3260: 3252: 3245: 3243: 3227:. p. 206 3223: 3222: 3215: 3204: 3203: 3196: 3180: 3176: 3170: 3154: 3150: 3144: 3142: 3125: 3121: 3115: 3107: 3101: 3099: 3083: 3079: 3072: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3042: 3040: 3023: 3019: 3018:www.camera.it 3015: 3009: 3007: 2990: 2984: 2969: 2965: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2933: 2929: 2922: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2890:on 9 May 2018 2886: 2882: 2875: 2868: 2866: 2846: 2842: 2835: 2829: 2827: 2820: 2816: 2813: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2797: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2774: 2770: 2759: 2756: 2745: 2734:(Since 2001) 2732: 2728: 2726: 2722: 2719: 2718: 2713: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2700: 2696: 2693: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2681: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2669: 2668: 2663: 2657: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2646: 2643:(Since 2015) 2641: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2605: 2602:(Since 1982) 2600: 2596: 2593: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2577:(Since 2010) 2575: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2562: 2556: 2552: 2549: 2548: 2543: 2537: 2533: 2530: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2517: 2516: 2511: 2507: 2504: 2503: 2500:(Since 2016) 2498: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2479: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2431: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2382: 2376: 2372: 2369: 2365: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2323: 2317: 2313: 2310: 2309: 2306:(Since 2003) 2304: 2300: 2297: 2296: 2293:(Since 1890) 2291: 2287: 2284: 2280: 2279: 2276:(Since 1890) 2274: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2261:Summary table 2258: 2254: 2251: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2211: 2206: 2204: 2199: 2197: 2192: 2190: 2185: 2183: 2178: 2176: 2171: 2169: 2164: 2162: 2157: 2155: 2150: 2148: 2143: 2141: 2136: 2134: 2129: 2127: 2122: 2119: 2118: 2115: 2110: 2108: 2103: 2101: 2096: 2094: 2089: 2087: 2082: 2080: 2075: 2073: 2068: 2066: 2061: 2059: 2054: 2052: 2047: 2045: 2040: 2038: 2033: 2031: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2019: 2014: 2012: 2007: 2005: 2000: 1998: 1993: 1991: 1986: 1984: 1979: 1977: 1972: 1970: 1965: 1963: 1958: 1956: 1951: 1949: 1944: 1942: 1937: 1935: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1825: 1824:Salento Pride 1820: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1809:Pride parades 1806: 1804: 1800: 1789: 1786: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1675:Nichi Vendola 1673: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1659: 1658: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1651: 1643: 1638: 1631: 1626: 1619: 1614: 1606: 1597: 1589: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1562: 1558: 1552: 1550: 1549: 1544: 1540: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1520: 1516: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1475:(July 2019), 1474: 1470: 1467:(June 2016), 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1442:Regional laws 1439: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1416: 1414: 1408: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1397:Paola Binetti 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1375:In 2009, the 1373: 1371: 1366: 1362: 1360: 1350: 1346: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1305: 1301: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1288: 1283: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1272:child support 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1252: 1248: 1245: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1230: 1225: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1200: 1196: 1191: 1188: 1183: 1180: 1175: 1171: 1166: 1163: 1158: 1151: 1146: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1083: 1080: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1058: 1055: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 996:), including 995: 991: 987: 982: 980: 976: 972: 968: 962: 952: 950: 944: 942: 938: 932: 928: 925: 924: 920: 916: 912: 907: 906: 902: 901: 896: 893: 890: 887: 882: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 855: 852: 851: 846: 844: 840: 836: 830: 820: 818: 814: 810: 806: 800: 798: 788: 785: 781: 777: 772: 769: 765: 761: 756: 754: 751:are the only 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 719: 714: 712: 707: 705: 700: 699: 697: 696: 693: 689: 685: 684: 677: 674: 670: 667: 666: 665: 662: 660: 659:Freedom Index 657: 655: 652: 651: 645: 644: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 623: 617: 616: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 598:Transfeminism 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 535: 529: 528: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 506: 505: 503: 499: 498:United States 496: 494: 491: 490: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 455: 452:Organizations 449: 448: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 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under 7376:Ancient Rome 7057: 7050: 7001: 6901: 6871: 6864: 6855: 6846: 6841: 6832: 6817: 6807: 6785:. 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