1060:
1049:
1004:
925:
524:
444:
432:
334:
217:
186:
572:
504:
655:
162:
1115:
1104:
1026:
1015:
983:
971:
560:
492:
413:
681:
669:
266:
367:
1126:
1037:
901:
890:
879:
862:
229:
201:
912:
606:
393:
250:
593:
872:
277:
631:
618:
380:
312:
1093:
548:
468:
833:
815:
795:
784:
772:
760:
748:
728:
716:
701:
291:
1082:
1071:
958:
947:
936:
536:
480:
456:
346:
1814:
31:
1586:
1558:. The tribal revolt erupted in the general atmosphere of anarchy throughout Iran and its main faction was led by Muhammed Rashid, lasting from late 1941 until April 1942 and then re-erupted in 1944, resulting in Rashid's defeat. It is considered one of the factors to lead to the establishment of the Kurdish political
1747:
in exile in July 1989. The KDPI insurrection ended in 1996, following a successful
Iranian campaign of targeted assassinations of KDPI leaders and crackdown on its support bases in Western Iran. In 1996, KDPI announced a unilateral cease fire, and has since acted at low profile before renewed clashes
1644:
and the adjacent cities, unable to incorporate the southern
Iranian Kurdistan, which fell inside the Anglo-American zone, and unable to attract the tribes outside Mahabad itself to the nationalist cause. As a result, when the Soviets withdrew from Iran in December 1946, government forces were able to
1473:
were present in this movement, historians agree these were hardly articulate enough to justify a claim that recognition of
Kurdish identity was a major issue in Simko's movement, and he had to rely heavily on conventional tribal motives. It lacked any kind of administrative organization and Simko was
2190:
Morteza
Esfandiari, the KDPI representative in the U.S., told me that KDPI had applied to get some of the 85 million dollars allocated to "promote democracy" in Iran in order to improve its satellite TV station. "We are friends with the United States. What other friends can we find in the world,
1913:
The 2016 clashes came following a background of what PDKI described as "growing discontent in
Rojhelat". The commander of the PAK military wing described their engagement and declaration of hostilities against the Iranian government were due to the fact that "the situation in eastern Kurdistan
2294:
Gloria Center. 1 July 2012. "There is a long history of tension between the Kurds and the government in Iran. This began with Reza Shah
Pahlavi recapturing the lands that Kurdish leaders had gained control of between 1918 and 1922."; "Iran fears that the creation of a semi-autonomous state in
2378:
Iran: Freedom of
Expression and Association in the Kurdish Regions. 2009. "This 42 page report documents how Iranian authorities use security laws, press laws, and other legislation to arrest and prosecute Iranian Kurds solely for trying to exercise their right to freedom of expression and
2295:
northern Iraq might motivate its own
Kurdish minority to press for greater independence. However, Iran’s concern about Kurdish separatism does not approach the level of Turkey’s concern. Still, there have been repeated clashes between Kurds and Iranian security forces"
1860:
had attacked an
Iranian checkpoint killing two Iranian personnel, according to PJAK. According to ARA sources, as of May 11, the death toll climbed to 6 protesters killed. The incidents prompted harsh responses also from other Kurdish opposition parties, including the
1359:(KDPI) began their political activities in Iran, aiming to gain partial or complete self-rule in the Kurdish regions. Transformation from tribal to Kurdish political struggle in Iran took place in the aftermath of World War II, with the KDPI establishing the
2666:
More indicative of the PKK's growing power was its 2004 establishment of the Party for a Free Life in
Iranian Kurdistan (PEJAK or PJAK) as a sister organization with the goal of fomenting Kurdish separatism in Iran by fostering Kurdish nationalism
1909:
of PDKI as well, with both clashing with Iranian security forces in 2016 and 2017 respectively. In parallel, a leftist Iranian Kurdish rebel group PJAK resumed military activities against Iran in 2016, following a long period of stalemate.
1929:, who came to power via a coalition of Iranian-backed parties, signed a border security agreement with Iran to tighten up the frontier between the two countries. On 28 August, Iraq agreed to disarm and relocate these groups to camps near
2298:
1697:, fed up by the revival of the Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran (KDP-I). In 1967-8 Iranian government troops suppressed a Kurdish revolt in Western Iran, consolidating the previous Kurdish uprisings in Mahabad-Urumiya region.
1833:
In September 2014, in a number of clashes, the KDPI engaged Iranian security for the first time in many years, killing at least 6 Iranian soldiers. It was unclear whether this was a result of change of policy by the
1508:
By 1926, Simko had regained control of his tribe and begun another outright rebellion against the state. When the army engaged him, half of his troops defected to the tribe's previous leader and Simqu fled to Iraq.
5425:
2461:
2363:
1841:
In May 2015, a suspected Iranian attack (allegedly disguised as PKK fighters) on PJAK force on Iranian–Iraqi Kurdistan border resulted in 6 killed—2 KDPI and 4 PKK (or allegedly Iranian agents).
1800:
on PJAK bases. After the cease fire agreement, a number of clashes between PJAK and IRGC took place in 2012, and by mid-2013, the fighting resumed in sporadic incidents, escalating in 2016.
1781:, though PJAK themselves tend to neglect this alleged relation. Although sometimes described as organization demanding more human rights for Kurds in Iran, it is regarded as separatist by
1785:
and various Western analysts. The PJAK goal is an establishment of a Kurdish autonomy and according to Habeeb they do not pose any serious threat to the regime of the Islamic Republic.
2296:
1852:, following the unexplained death on 4 May 2015 of Farinaz Khosravani, a 25-year-old Kurdish hotel chambermaid. Unrest and violence spread to other Kurdish cities in Iran, such as
1179:
3398:
3590:
5474:
3507:
2382:
1856:, where police clashed with hundreds of protesters on 9 May 2015. One protester has been reportedly killed in the clashes, and that additionally, Kurdish insurgent group
2936:
2263:
3485:
2614:
2379:
association. The use of these laws to suppress basic rights, while not new, has greatly intensified since President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad came to power in August 2005."
3571:"in recent months, state media has reported that the north-west has been hit by a string of clashes between regime forces and Kurdish separatists and Isis militants"
3533:
5847:
2314:
1769:
in which hundreds Kurdish militants and Iranian forces as well as civilians have died, officially lasting since April 2004. PJAK is based in the border area with
5588:
3669:
3433:
4019:
3736:
3855:
1295:
138:
3612:
1465:, but scholars view the revolt as an attempt by a powerful tribal chief to establish his personal authority vis-à-vis the central government throughout the
6438:
6338:
5396:
4712:
3887:
1172:
916:
2650:
6398:
5345:
4610:
3860:
5705:
5700:
5637:
5632:
5454:
1086:
3642:
4877:
4566:
133:
In 2022, after the merger of the two democratic parties and the two Komale parties, and at the same time as the Kurdish opposition parties supported
2521:
5459:
4656:
1108:
1019:
2457:
2361:
6579:
4380:
3764:
1165:
6187:
5518:
5367:
4683:
Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic, and conflicts with +100,000 killed with bold.
3882:
1300:
1064:
894:
1355:. Many however, put the starting point of the organized Kurdish political-nationalist separatism at 1943, when Komala (shortly afterwards the
3920:
3564:
1119:
1030:
6736:
5469:
5275:
4882:
4299:
1535:
and remained independent until 1925. After four years under Persian rule, the tribal leader revolted in 1929, but was effectively crushed.
3376:
1383:. Though the KDPI's armed struggle ended in late 1996, another Kurdish armed organization emerged in Iran by the early 2000s. The ongoing
5581:
4817:
4584:
3773:
2152:
1966:
6087:
5685:
5215:
4936:
4413:
5695:
5627:
3402:
6731:
6378:
4705:
4171:
3582:
1486:
was also robbed and assaulted. Simko's men don't appear to have felt any sense of unity or solidarity with fellow Kurds. Historian
89:
6299:
5774:
5479:
5413:
4329:
2380:
1886:
1881:
1285:
4403:
3511:
2963:
1921:
Iran has periodically launched strikes against the KDPI and other Iranian Kurdish dissident groups based in the frontier of the
6716:
6456:
6328:
5574:
5420:
4964:
3991:
3268:
2274:
4762:
4592:
3799:
3481:
3348:
3308:
3240:
3199:
3159:
3122:
3076:
3036:
2997:
2906:
2864:
2812:
2749:
2701:
2623:
2590:
2507:
1890:
1835:
1817:
1375:, launched with KDPI support through 1966–7. In the most violent episode of the conflict, more than 30,000 Kurds died in the
528:
436:
338:
221:
4217:
3695:
6520:
6311:
6166:
6122:
5964:
5352:
5250:
5155:
4796:
280:
2405:
6711:
6630:
6003:
5546:
5374:
4892:
4812:
4742:
4698:
4623:
4346:
3838:
3757:
3541:
3459:
1290:
1209:
2431:
6117:
6029:
5150:
4986:
4757:
4287:
2318:
2183:
484:
3425:
2560:
2544:
6584:
6551:
6345:
6039:
5987:
5902:
5335:
5287:
5205:
4497:
3867:
2128:
2095:
2066:
2030:
1902:
1894:
1797:
1709:
1664:
1637:
540:
460:
448:
350:
1371:-supported attempt to establish a Kurdish state in Western Iran failed. More than a decade later, peripheral tribal
6487:
6416:
6388:
6110:
6105:
6100:
5857:
5852:
5727:
5210:
4904:
4887:
4789:
4597:
4233:
4140:
3981:
2292:
The Arab Spring – its effects on the Kurds and the approaches of Turkey, Iran, Syria and Iraq on the Kurdish issue.
1356:
127:
6289:
5715:
5647:
5183:
4721:
4553:
3620:
1736:
1725:
1380:
1265:
2730:"Chapter 5: A Kurdish warlord on the Turkish-Persian frontier in the early Twentieth century: Isma'il Aqa Simko"
2011:"Chapter 5: A Kurdish warlord on the Turkish-Persian frontier in the early Twentieth century: Isma'il Aqa Simko"
6433:
6323:
6245:
6140:
6045:
5758:
5659:
5513:
5381:
5330:
5292:
5225:
5188:
4919:
4844:
4514:
3750:
3110:
2641:
1731:
1705:
1376:
1270:
1260:
4369:
4120:
5654:
5391:
5178:
4974:
4954:
4393:
4034:
3826:
2360:
University of Arkansas. Political Science department. Iran/Kurds (1943–present). Retrieved 9 September 2012.
1986:
1602:
1555:
4256:
4212:
1712:
in Iranian Kurdistan, which became the most serious rebellion against the new Iranian regime, following the
6741:
6605:
6306:
4897:
4468:
4374:
4188:
3930:
2893:
1971:
1667:, but those two organization have never advocated a separate Kurdish state or greater Kurdistan as did the
6726:
6721:
6574:
6569:
6393:
6250:
5669:
5664:
5528:
5437:
5432:
5030:
4981:
4603:
4183:
3971:
3849:
3833:
1981:
1926:
1774:
1684:
1668:
1248:
1494:
and "harassing" democrats. Still, some Kurds today revere Simko as a hero of the independence movement.
6746:
6675:
6361:
6240:
5875:
5811:
5071:
5003:
4914:
4849:
4508:
4473:
4309:
4304:
4282:
4177:
4029:
3976:
3191:
3151:
3068:
2989:
2898:
2778:
2499:
1976:
1214:
270:
6235:
6013:
6008:
5982:
5722:
5601:
5309:
5040:
4456:
4077:
4071:
1853:
564:
496:
417:
101:
6625:
6502:
6497:
6426:
5386:
5195:
4969:
4777:
4527:
4115:
3872:
3843:
3372:
1961:
1633:
1336:
788:
3562:
6600:
6366:
5164:
5045:
4931:
4822:
4451:
4446:
4024:
3894:
3340:
3300:
1898:
1862:
1830:
In January 2014, Iranian forces killed a KDPI party member, while he was disseminating leaflets.
1744:
929:
708:
576:
508:
3028:
3022:
2971:
6615:
6294:
6268:
6161:
5408:
5270:
5076:
4548:
4532:
4398:
3114:
3104:
1793:
1762:
1757:
1372:
1340:
1275:
3742:
2144:
1640:, another Soviet puppet state. The state itself encompassed a very small territory, including
1335:
The earliest Kurdish separatist activities in modern times refer to tribal revolts in today's
6471:
6466:
6182:
5928:
5748:
4959:
4388:
4201:
3940:
3804:
3232:
2725:
2493:
2006:
1918:) has become unbearable, especially with the daily arbitrary executions against the Kurds ".
685:
5753:
4649:
4463:
4436:
4341:
4319:
4277:
3961:
1937:, these groups have not been disarmed, nor does Iraq seem to have the capability to do so.
1872:
In June 2015, a KDPI attack on Revolutionary Guard forces reportedly left 6 people killed.
1789:
940:
134:
8:
5821:
5784:
5732:
5523:
5297:
5220:
5200:
5169:
4643:
4503:
4408:
4336:
4155:
4145:
4063:
4051:
4041:
3935:
1906:
1652:
1648:
1625:
1606:
1580:
1576:
1559:
1518:
1470:
1457:. This tribal rebellion is sometimes regarded as the first major bid for establishing an
1430:
1424:
1364:
1360:
1241:
1236:
1219:
1130:
1041:
819:
764:
233:
111:
6034:
5923:
5779:
5066:
4859:
4767:
4441:
4324:
4293:
4239:
4207:
4150:
3986:
3877:
3225:
2233:
2207:
1713:
1543:
1503:
1483:
1458:
1384:
1352:
1224:
799:
2775:
Caucasian battlefields: A History of the Wars on the Turco-Caucasian border, 1828–1921
6690:
6610:
5959:
5816:
5508:
5325:
5280:
5129:
5081:
5050:
4747:
4363:
3910:
3816:
3787:
3354:
3344:
3314:
3304:
3246:
3236:
3205:
3195:
3183:
3165:
3155:
3128:
3118:
3082:
3072:
3060:
3042:
3032:
3003:
2993:
2960:
2912:
2902:
2888:
2870:
2860:
2818:
2808:
2782:
2755:
2745:
2707:
2697:
2596:
2586:
2513:
2503:
2179:
2124:
2101:
2091:
2062:
2036:
2026:
1951:
1915:
1740:
1629:
1621:
1491:
1487:
1466:
823:
705:
689:
371:
79:
3264:
6654:
6546:
6461:
6333:
6208:
6203:
6156:
6060:
5944:
5690:
5622:
5449:
5444:
5245:
5086:
5035:
4909:
4854:
4576:
4559:
4520:
4195:
4130:
4125:
4097:
3996:
3956:
3726:
3106:
The Foreign Relations of Iran: A Developing State in a Zone of Great-Power Conflict
2856:
2846:
2121:
Iran's Foreign Policy in the Post-Soviet Era: Resisting the New International Order
1922:
1594:
1551:
1403:
1075:
991:
962:
841:
803:
776:
736:
659:
635:
630:
5566:
1716:. The rebellion ended in December 1982, with 10,000 killed and 200,000 displaced.
6492:
6421:
6092:
5954:
5842:
5464:
5255:
5145:
5113:
4996:
4272:
4249:
3966:
3925:
3586:
3568:
2967:
2643:
The Kurds and Regional Security: An Evaluation of Developments since the Iraq War
2386:
2367:
2302:
2087:
1770:
1479:
1097:
951:
883:
837:
83:
1796:". PJAK and Iranian government agreed on cease-fire, following the 2011 Iranian
6525:
6373:
6316:
5949:
5918:
5357:
5340:
5304:
5265:
4832:
4827:
4772:
4663:
4244:
4227:
4222:
4092:
3508:"Iranian forces suppress Kurdish protesters, kill and arrest dozens – ARA News"
3100:
2733:
2401:
2014:
1956:
1690:
1450:
1434:
752:
191:
3455:
1651:
included an attempt of the KDPI to establish an independent Kurdish-dominated
6705:
6670:
6620:
6052:
5551:
5362:
5260:
4926:
4837:
4784:
4616:
4314:
4046:
3643:"Tehran and Baghdad Agree to Relocate Iranian Dissident Groups in North Iraq"
3358:
3318:
2822:
2600:
2517:
2440:
2105:
1946:
1825:
1782:
1482:
forces and non-Kurds were not the only ones to suffer in the attacks, as the
1438:
1321:
1280:
1157:
1053:
1008:
905:
871:
866:
732:
610:
605:
552:
472:
3169:
3046:
3024:
Ideology and Power in the Middle East: Studies in Honor of George Lenczowski
3007:
2874:
2759:
2711:
2040:
1585:
4013:
3915:
3250:
3209:
3132:
3086:
2916:
2786:
2229:
2203:
1934:
1694:
1598:
1547:
1454:
1446:
1348:
987:
911:
852:
720:
597:
592:
398:
255:
205:
4690:
6685:
6680:
4752:
4677:
4135:
4087:
4082:
3811:
3793:
3399:"Intense Clashes Rage Between Peshmerga and Iranian Army | BAS NEWS"
2741:
2022:
1838:(which evaded violence since 1996) or an isolated sequence of incidents.
1394:
population, but has always been staunchly opposed to Kurdish separatism.
975:
276:
3534:"PDKI's Kurdish forces kill six Iranian Revolutionary Guards - ARA News"
3148:
The Kurdish Nationalist Movement: Opportunity, Mobilization and Identity
2986:
The Kurdish Nationalist Movement: Opportunity, Mobilization and Identity
2204:"Iran Says Busted 'Mossad-Linked' Sabotage Team Are Kurdish Separatists"
1593:
The danger of fragmentation in modern Iran became evident shortly after
5710:
5642:
1889:
refers to the ongoing military clashes between Kurdish insurgent party
1344:
166:
2852:
2693:
2176:
Iran Agenda: The Real Story of U.S. Policy and the Middle East Crisis
1614:
1329:
673:
3265:"A bold move: KDPI Peshmerga enter Iranian Kurdish city, group says"
6383:
5598:
4991:
4490:
4430:
3616:
2729:
2148:
2010:
1524:
3670:"Iraq starts relocating Iranian Kurdish fighters from Iran border"
2934:
Land and Rebellion: Kurdish Separatism in Comparative Perspective.
2492:
Habeeb, William Mark; Frankel, Rafael D.; Al-Oraibi, Mina (2012).
2616:
The Kurdish Warrior Tradition and the Importance of the Peshmerga
2271:
Land and Rebellion: Kurdish Separatism in Comparative Perspective
1845:
1656:
1641:
1532:
1528:
1475:
4680:
and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each
3613:"Kurdish rebels attack Iranian Revolutionary Guards in Sardasht"
1813:
1390:
Iran never employed the same level of brutality against its own
30:
3772:
3730:
2740:. Library of modern Middle East studies, 43. London; New York:
2264:"The Kurds of Iran: Opportunistic and Failed Resistance, 1918-"
2021:. Library of modern Middle East studies, 43. London; New York:
1778:
1672:
1442:
622:
617:
384:
379:
316:
311:
174:
3696:"Can Baghdad disarm Iranian Kurdish parties in northern Iraq?"
3150:. Cambridge Middle East studies, 22. Cambridge, UK; New York:
2988:. Cambridge Middle East studies, 22. Cambridge, UK; New York:
2738:
Iran and the First World War: Battleground of the Great Powers
2019:
Iran and the First World War: Battleground of the Great Powers
141:
of the bases of the Kurdish parties by the Iranian government.
3821:
2230:"Iran Blasts Iraq Over Kurdish Opposition Groups At Ceremony"
1930:
1743:
through early and mid-90s, initiated by assassination of its
1660:
1610:
1391:
116:
Political crackdown on Kurdish political associations in Iran
2583:
Minorities in Iran: Nationalism and Ethnicity after Khomeini
2495:
The Middle East in Turmoil: Conflict, Revolution, and Change
1645:
enter Mahabad unopposed. Some 1,000 died during the crisis.
1328:
and the governments of Iran, lasting since the emergence of
1320:
is an ongoing, long-running, separatist dispute between the
3426:"PKK and KDPI clashes erupt on Iran-Iraq border, killing 6"
2948:
The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development.
2173:
1866:
1857:
1849:
1766:
1618:
1462:
1368:
1325:
832:
814:
794:
783:
771:
759:
747:
727:
715:
700:
680:
668:
366:
295:
290:
200:
123:
established in September 2011, but fighting resumed in 2013
120:
75:
1150:
30,000 civilians killed (1980–2000)(according to the KDPI)
3482:"Behind the lines: A tremor is felt in Iranian Kurdistan"
2433:
The human rights of Kurds in the Islamic Republic of Iran
1589:
Qazi Muhammad and Mustafa Barzani during the 1946 events
3456:"Iranian police attack pro-Mahabad protest in Sardasht"
3337:
Terrorism: Documents of International and Local Control
2402:"KDPI leadership urges support for 'mountain struggle'"
2491:
1875:
2059:
States in Disguise: Causes of State Support for Rebel
3737:
Extract from article about Kurdish Iranian militants
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2773:
Allen, William Edward David; Muratoff, Paul (1953).
5596:
3373:"Iranian Kurdistan News in brief. January 21, 2014"
1418:
137:, a new round of conflicts began, which led to the
4768:Insurgency in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3722:
3224:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2222:
2196:
1413:
4458:Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000–present)
3021:Chelkowski, Peter J.; Pranger, Robert J. (1988).
3020:
2829:
2315:"Database - Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP)"
1497:
1296:September–October 2022 attacks on Iraqi Kurdistan
6703:
6346:Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency (2004–present)
5929:East Indonesia Mujahideen insurgency (2015–2022)
2844:
2687:
2396:
2394:
1803:
1142:23,000 killed (1979–1996)(according to the KDPI)
6521:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present)
6312:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present)
5728:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2004–present)
4611:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)
2672:
2056:
1145:5,000 killed (1979–1996)(according to the KDPI)
5519:Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus
3580:
2845:Kreyenbroek, Philip G.; Sperl, Stefan (1992).
2688:Kreyenbroek, Philip G.; Sperl, Stefan (1992).
2118:
1187:
5582:
4706:
3921:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
3758:
2772:
2585:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 312.
2391:
2356:
1925:of Iraq. In March 2023, Iraqi Prime Minister
1173:
5706:India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018)
5701:India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015)
5655:Insurgency in Northeast India (1964–present)
2425:
2423:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
1437:-backed tribal Kurdish uprising against the
5716:Jammu and Kashmir insurgency (1989–present)
5648:Jammu and Kashmir insurgency (1989–present)
4720:
3774:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
3330:
3328:
3099:
2798:
2796:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
1967:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
1933:by 19 September. However, according to the
1659:insurgencies continued for decades, led by
1655:in Iranian Kurdistan. Though later several
6188:Insurgency in Gorno-Badakhshan (2010–2015)
5638:2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
5633:2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
5589:
5575:
4713:
4699:
3765:
3751:
3423:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3182:
3059:
2928:
2926:
2887:
2724:
2718:
2052:
2050:
2005:
1527:region took control of the region between
1180:
1166:
5988:Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011)
5903:Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011)
5660:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency (1967–present)
3297:Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security
3139:
3027:. Durham: Duke University Press. p.
2576:
2574:
2572:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2420:
2333:
1152:15,000+ individuals killed (1946–present)
824:
690:
6307:Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–2020)
6040:Philippine civil conflict (1969–present)
5983:South Thailand insurgency (2004–present)
5723:Insurgency in Balochistan (2004–present)
4657:Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)
3583:"Iran's forgotten Kurds plot a comeback"
3334:
3325:
2802:
2793:
2248:
2081:
1812:
1808:
1708:was an insurrection led by the KDPI and
1584:
5480:Islamic State insurgency in Deir ez-Zor
4330:Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution
3667:
3294:
3283:
3227:The Soviet Union and Revolutionary Iran
2940:
2923:
2807:. Lanham: Lexington Books. p. 17.
2542:
2137:
2061:. Oxford University Press. p. 95.
2047:
1565:
107:Several tribal revolts during 1918–1943
6704:
6088:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes
5686:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes
5216:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes
3222:
3145:
2983:
2639:
2580:
2569:
2476:
1844:On 7 May 2015, ethnic Kurds rioted in
1678:
1512:
6236:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (1988–2024)
5775:Maldives political crisis (2011–2013)
5696:2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
5628:2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
5570:
4694:
3746:
3693:
3605:
3488:from the original on 14 February 2017
2429:
2273:, Cornell, p. 10, archived from
1891:Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan
1836:Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan
1538:
1161:
110:1946 failed attempt to establish the
6379:Iraqi Kurdistan conflict (2001–2003)
6167:2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes
3668:Rasheed, Ahmed (12 September 2023).
3271:from the original on 1 February 2016
2464:from the original on 25 January 2016
2174:Reese Erlich, Robert Scheer (2016).
1751:
6737:History of West Azerbaijan province
6467:Conflict in Northern Lebanon (2007)
6300:Western Iran clashes (2016–present)
5547:Dissident Irish republican campaign
5421:Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency
4893:Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso
4743:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
3574:
2959:Zabih, Sepehr (December 15, 1992).
2805:Kurdish Politics in the Middle East
2524:from the original on 1 January 2014
2408:from the original on 7 October 2016
2284:
2084:Kurdish Politics in the Middle East
1882:Western Iran clashes (2016–present)
1876:Low-level insurgency (2016–present)
1788:In one of the first actions of the
1773:and is affiliated with the Marxist
1490:describes Simko as "notorious" for
1347:– the largest of these were led by
1291:2018 Democrat Castle missile strike
13:
6488:Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present)
6457:South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)
6417:Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present)
6367:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1994–1997
6362:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (1918–2003)
5733:Insurgency in Sindh (2010–present)
4987:Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria
4965:Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria
4758:Central African Republic Civil War
4567:Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present)
3992:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
2848:The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview
2690:The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview
1719:
130:and Iranian military erupt in 2015
14:
6758:
6183:Tajikistani Civil War (1992–1997)
6004:Indonesian occupation (1975–1999)
5817:Xinjiang conflict (1960s–present)
5336:Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency
5206:Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency
4797:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
4404:1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt
3716:
3462:from the original on 4 March 2016
2581:Elling, Rasmus Christian (2013).
2261:
2155:from the original on 30 July 2016
1700:
1609:included a separatist attempt of
1605:North Western Iranian territory.
1570:
1492:massacring thousands of Assyrians
281:Council of the Islamic Revolution
6503:Fatah–Hamas conflict (2006–2008)
5853:1994 North Korean nuclear crisis
5754:Sri Lankan Civil War (1983–2009)
5670:Insurgency in Punjab (1981–1995)
5353:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
5346:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq
5211:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
4442:Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s)
3436:from the original on 26 May 2015
3379:from the original on 4 June 2016
2656:from the original on 12 May 2013
2622:, pp. 27–28, archived from
1419:Simko's first revolt (1918–1922)
1357:Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran
1124:
1113:
1102:
1091:
1080:
1069:
1058:
1047:
1035:
1024:
1013:
1002:
981:
969:
956:
945:
934:
923:
910:
899:
888:
877:
870:
860:
831:
813:
793:
782:
770:
758:
746:
726:
714:
699:
679:
667:
653:
629:
616:
604:
591:
570:
558:
546:
534:
522:
502:
490:
478:
466:
454:
442:
430:
411:
391:
378:
365:
344:
332:
310:
289:
275:
264:
248:
227:
215:
199:
184:
160:
29:
6732:Kurdistan independence movement
6655:Sinai insurgency (2011–present)
6547:Syrian Civil War (2011–present)
6530:Persian Gulf crisis (2019–2021)
5945:Myanmar conflict (1948–present)
5691:Kashmir conflict (1947–present)
5623:Kashmir conflict (1947–present)
5184:Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir
5165:Internal conflict in Bangladesh
4624:Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
4593:Syrian War spillover in Lebanon
4347:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
3687:
3661:
3635:
3593:from the original on 8 May 2016
3556:
3526:
3500:
3474:
3448:
3417:
3391:
3365:
3257:
3216:
3176:
3093:
3053:
3014:
2977:
2974:. New York: Columbia University
2953:
2881:
2766:
2633:
2607:
2553:
2536:
2450:
2372:
2307:
1905:expressed their support to the
1546:refers to a tribal uprising in
1414:Tribalism and early nationalism
6399:ISIL insurgency (2017–present)
6295:Iran–PJAK conflict (2004–2011)
6035:Laotian insurgency (1975–2022)
6030:Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998)
5924:Insurgency in Aceh (1976–2005)
5780:Nepalese Civil War (1996–2006)
5226:Sectarian violence in Pakistan
5151:Islamic State–Taliban conflict
4920:Ethnic violence in South Sudan
4845:Ethnic violence in South Sudan
3694:Menmy, Dana (9 October 2023).
3111:University of California Press
2562:Near East, North Africa report
2191:other than the United States?"
2167:
2145:"Iranian Kurds Return to Arms"
2112:
2075:
1999:
1732:List of Iranian assassinations
1706:1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran
1638:Azerbaijan People's Government
1498:1926 Simko rebellion in Persia
1343:, which began between the two
1286:2016–present West Iran clashes
1271:February 1999 Kurdish protests
1:
6717:History of the Kurdish people
5919:Papua conflict (1969–present)
5475:Syrian–Turkish border clashes
5397:Iran–Israel conflict in Syria
5179:Insurgency in Northeast India
4975:Religious violence in Nigeria
4955:Communal conflicts in Nigeria
4394:1986 Egyptian conscripts riot
4035:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
3581:Florian Neuhof (4 May 2016).
3510:. 11 May 2015. Archived from
3335:Lovelace, Douglas C. (2009).
1993:
1987:A Modern History of the Kurds
1897:, which began in April 2016.
1887:Military clashes in West Iran
1804:Renewed tensions 2014–present
1556:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
1397:
6621:Yemeni crisis (2011–present)
6389:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
6061:FULRO insurgency (1964–1992)
5759:JVP insurrection (1987–1989)
5288:Conflicts in the Philippines
4898:Jihadist insurgency in Niger
4598:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
4585:Turkish involvement in Syria
4469:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
4300:Political violence in Turkey
4234:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
4141:Yemeni–Adenese clan violence
4020:Italian bombing of Palestine
3982:1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts
3931:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
3619:. 5 May 2016. Archived from
3188:Iran Between Two Revolutions
3065:Iran Between Two Revolutions
2894:Iran Between Two Revolutions
2549:, Academic Press, p. 32
1895:Iranian Revolutionary Guards
1449:) from 1918 to 1922, led by
7:
6626:Houthi takeover (2014–2015)
6493:Second Intifada (2000–2005)
6439:Syrian arena (2012–present)
6422:Second Intifada (2000–2005)
6339:Syrian arena (2012–present)
6290:KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)
5876:Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996)
5812:Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996)
5665:Religious violence in India
5529:Russian invasion of Ukraine
5438:DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey
5433:Maoist insurgency in Turkey
5031:Jamaican political conflict
4982:Conflict in the Niger Delta
3850:Turkish War of Independence
3834:Unification of Saudi Arabia
3339:. Vol. 110. New York:
2458:"Iran/Kurds (1943–present)"
1940:
1765:is an ongoing rebellion of
1726:KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)
1685:1967 Kurdish revolt in Iran
119:Ceasefire between Iran and
10:
6763:
6712:Kurdish separatism in Iran
6676:Operation Inherent Resolve
6498:Gaza–Israel (2006–present)
6434:Iran–Israel (1985–present)
6427:Gaza–Israel (2006–present)
6324:Iran–Israel (1985–present)
6285:Kurdish separatism in Iran
5514:Georgian–Ossetian conflict
5404:Kurdish separatism in Iran
5382:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
5331:Georgian–Ossetian conflict
5189:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency
5072:Ecuadorian security crisis
5004:Western Togoland Rebellion
4915:Sudanese nomadic conflicts
4515:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
4509:Houthi insurgency in Yemen
4498:Balochi insurgency in Iran
4474:1999 Shia uprising in Iraq
4310:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
4305:Islamist uprising in Syria
4283:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
4172:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964
4058:Kurdish separatism in Iran
3977:Goharshad Mosque rebellion
3424:Piri Medya (25 May 2015).
3192:Princeton University Press
3152:Cambridge University Press
3069:Princeton University Press
2990:Cambridge University Press
2899:Princeton University Press
2779:Cambridge University Press
2640:Shifrinson, Itzkowitz JR,
2543:Bhutani, Surendra (1980),
2500:Greenwood Publishing Group
2439:, American, archived from
2430:Hicks, Neil (April 2000),
2178:. Routledge. p. 133.
1879:
1823:
1755:
1739:by the KDPI took place in
1729:
1723:
1682:
1632:(today's southern part of
1574:
1516:
1501:
1422:
1408:
1401:
1314:Kurdish separatism in Iran
1192:Kurdish separatism in Iran
135:Iran's nationwide protests
24:Kurdish separatism in Iran
6663:
6645:
6593:
6562:
6539:
6513:
6480:
6449:
6409:
6354:
6329:South Lebanon (1985–2000)
6277:
6261:
6228:
6221:
6196:
6175:
6149:
6133:
6080:
6073:
6022:
5996:
5975:
5937:
5911:
5895:
5888:
5868:
5848:Maritime border incidents
5830:
5804:
5797:
5767:
5741:
5678:
5615:
5608:
5539:
5501:
5494:
5392:Hezbollah–Israel conflict
5318:
5310:South Thailand insurgency
5276:Conflict in Rakhine State
5236:
5138:
5122:
5106:
5099:
5059:
5041:Salvadoran gang crackdown
5023:
5016:
4947:
4883:Insurgency in the Maghreb
4870:
4805:
4735:
4728:
4673:
4636:
4541:
4482:
4422:
4355:
4273:Black September in Jordan
4265:
4164:
4108:
4005:
3949:
3903:
3780:
3295:Katzman, Kenneth (2009).
3190:. Princeton, New Jersey:
2897:. Princeton, New Jersey:
2301:17 September 2012 at the
2123:. ABC-CLIO. p. 276.
1689:In mid-1960s a series of
1601:'s refused to relinquish
1459:independent Kurdish state
1201:
1149:
1136:
645:
151:
39:
28:
23:
6631:Civil War (2014–present)
6580:Kurdish–Turkish conflict
6269:Bahraini uprising (2011)
5965:Civil war (2021–present)
4970:Nigerian bandit conflict
4850:Insurgency in Mozambique
4818:Ethiopian civil conflict
4778:Western DR Congo clashes
4375:Kurdish–Turkish conflict
4370:1980 Turkish coup d'état
4189:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
4121:1953 Iranian coup d'état
4116:1952 Egyptian revolution
3844:1919 Egyptian revolution
3827:Mount Lebanon starvation
3103:; Zabih, Sepehr (1974).
2803:Entessar, Nader (2010).
2082:Entessar, Nader (2010).
2057:Belgin San-Akca (2016).
1972:Kurdish–Turkish conflict
1927:Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani
1693:disturbances erupted in
1634:West Azerbaijan Province
1617:groups to establish the
1474:primarily interested in
1337:West Azerbaijan Province
1318:Kurdish–Iranian conflict
789:Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
296:Islamic Republic of Iran
126:Renewed clashes between
6616:South Yemen (2009–2015)
6472:Lebanon conflict (2008)
6394:War in Iraq (2013–2017)
6209:Andijan massacre (2005)
6204:Fergana massacre (1989)
5749:JVP insurrection (1971)
5046:Honduran gang crackdown
4937:Western Saharan clashes
4932:Western Sahara conflict
4888:Insurgency in the Sahel
4722:Ongoing armed conflicts
4604:War in Iraq (2013–2017)
4452:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
4447:Yemeni Civil War (1994)
4257:1966 Syrian coup d'état
4184:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
4025:Allied invasion of Iraq
3972:Saudi–Yemeni War (1934)
3895:Mahmud Barzanji revolts
3341:Oxford University Press
3301:Nova Science Publishers
2366:25 January 2016 at the
2119:Shireen Hunter (2010).
1982:Kurdish–Syrian conflict
1899:Kurdistan Freedom Party
1863:Kurdistan Freedom Party
1792:, PJAK was declared a "
1636:). It arose along with
930:Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou
167:Sublime State of Persia
6162:2010 Kyrgyz Revolution
5368:Saudi–led intervention
5196:Insurgency in Pakistan
5077:Insurgency in Paraguay
4549:2011 Bahraini uprising
4533:South Yemen insurgency
4414:Abu Nidal's executions
4399:1986 Damascus bombings
4178:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
4030:Syria–Lebanon campaign
3800:Middle Eastern theatre
3458:. Rudaw. 10 May 2015.
3223:Yodfat, Aryeh (1984).
3146:Romano, David (2006).
2984:Romano, David (2006).
2966:4 October 2013 at the
2385:26 August 2014 at the
1977:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
1821:
1794:terrorist organization
1590:
1341:Imperial State of Iran
1324:opposition in Western
646:Commanders and leaders
206:Imperial State of Iran
6123:Republican insurgency
5822:Tibetan unrest (2008)
5156:Republican insurgency
4960:Boko Haram insurgency
4389:South Yemen civil war
4288:Shatt al-Arab clashes
4213:Mar. 1963 Syrian coup
4202:North Yemen civil war
4151:1958 Iraqi revolution
4078:1948 Arab–Israeli War
4072:Arab–Israeli conflict
3941:Sheikh Said rebellion
3805:Battle of Robat Karim
3267:. 17 September 2015.
1824:Further information:
1816:
1809:Escalation and unrest
1730:Further information:
1588:
1560:independence movement
1402:Further information:
1137:Casualties and losses
686:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
35:PJAK fighters in 2012
6606:al-Qaeda (1998–2015)
6585:Turkey–ISIL conflict
6384:Iraq War (2003–2011)
5470:Russian intervention
5460:Inter-rebel conflict
5414:Western Iran clashes
5387:Gaza–Israel conflict
4528:Fatah–Hamas conflict
4464:Operation Desert Fox
4437:1991 Iraqi uprisings
4431:Gulf War (1990–1991)
4342:Grand Mosque seizure
4320:Yemenite War of 1979
4278:Yemenite War of 1972
4218:Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup
4208:Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup
3962:Ahmed Barzani revolt
3873:Turkish–Armenian War
3567:23 July 2018 at the
3071:. pp. 217–218.
2972:Encyclopædia Iranica
2851:. London; New York:
2692:. London; New York:
1962:KDPI–Komala conflict
1790:Obama administration
1566:Political separatism
1469:. While elements of
941:Foad Mostafa Soltani
6742:Wars involving Iran
5785:Operation All Clear
5524:Russo-Ukrainian War
5221:Insurgency in Sindh
5201:Insurgency in Sindh
4878:Insurgency in Egypt
4823:Afar–Somali clashes
4676:This list includes
4644:2021 Beirut clashes
4504:2004 Qamishli riots
4381:Turkey–PKK conflict
4337:1979 Qatif Uprising
4156:1959 Mosul uprising
4146:1958 Lebanon crisis
4093:1973 Yom Kippur War
4064:Iran crisis of 1946
4052:Al-Wathbah uprising
4042:1943 Barzani revolt
3936:Great Syrian Revolt
3916:Iraqi Revolt (1920)
3839:Simko Shikak revolt
3067:. Princeton, N.J.:
1679:1967 Kurdish revolt
1653:Republic of Mahabad
1649:Iran crisis of 1946
1626:Republic of Mahabad
1607:Iran crisis of 1946
1581:Republic of Mahabad
1577:Iran crisis of 1946
1519:Jafar Sultan revolt
1513:Jafar Sultan revolt
1471:Kurdish nationalism
1431:Simko Shikak revolt
1425:Simko Shikak revolt
1379:and the consequent
1361:Republic of Mahabad
1351:, Jafar Sultan and
1237:Republic of Mahabad
1131:Hussein Yazdanpanah
1042:Hussein Yazdanpanah
820:Abolhassan Banisadr
765:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
234:Republic of Mahabad
112:Republic of Mahabad
62:(main phase 1943 –
6727:Kurdish rebellions
6722:Rebellions in Iran
6691:Colour revolutions
6611:Houthi (2004–2015)
6552:Regional spillover
6462:Lebanon War (2006)
6334:Lebanon War (2006)
5409:Iran–PJAK conflict
5271:Karen–Mon conflict
5067:Colombian conflict
4860:Operation Atalanta
4763:Insurgency in Chad
4325:Iranian Revolution
4294:Lebanese Civil War
4240:1948 Palestine war
3987:1935 Yazidi revolt
3878:Franco-Turkish War
3233:St. Martin's Press
3184:Abrahamian, Ervand
3061:Abrahamian, Ervand
2889:Abrahamian, Ervand
2744:. pp. 18–21.
2726:Bruinessen, Martin
2629:on 29 October 2013
2234:Iran International
2208:Iran International
2025:. pp. 18–21.
2007:Bruinessen, Martin
1822:
1763:Iran–PJAK conflict
1758:Iran–PJAK conflict
1714:Islamic Revolution
1624:, and declare the
1591:
1544:Hama Rashid revolt
1539:Hama Rashid revolt
1504:1926 Shikak revolt
1484:Kurdish population
1385:Iran-PJAK conflict
917:Salahuddin Kazimov
800:Mohammad-Ali Rajai
271:Interim Government
16:Separatist dispute
6747:Conflicts in 2022
6699:
6698:
6646:Inter-continental
6641:
6640:
6575:DHKP/C insurgency
6570:Maoist insurgency
6217:
6216:
6069:
6068:
5960:Rohingya conflict
5884:
5883:
5793:
5792:
5711:Kargil War (1999)
5643:Kargil War (1999)
5602:conflicts in Asia
5564:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5509:Abkhazia conflict
5490:
5489:
5326:Abkhazia conflict
5281:Rohingya conflict
5251:Myanmar civil war
5130:Xinjiang conflict
5095:
5094:
5082:Peruvian conflict
5051:Gang war in Haiti
5012:
5011:
4748:Anglophone Crisis
4688:
4687:
3911:Franco-Syrian War
3868:Greco-Turkish War
3856:Anglo-Turkish War
3822:Assyrian genocide
3817:Armenian genocide
3788:Italo-Turkish War
3405:on 6 October 2014
3350:978-0-19-539815-1
3310:978-1-61470-116-3
3242:978-0-312-74910-1
3201:978-0-691-05342-4
3161:978-0-521-85041-4
3124:978-0-520-02683-4
3078:978-0-691-05342-4
3038:978-0-8223-0781-5
2999:978-0-521-85041-4
2908:978-0-691-05342-4
2866:978-0-415-07265-6
2814:978-0-7391-4039-0
2751:978-1-86064-964-6
2703:978-0-415-07265-6
2592:978-0-230-11584-2
2546:Contemporary Gulf
2509:978-0-313-33914-1
2498:. Santa Barbara:
2290:AYLIN ÜNVER NOI.
2262:Smith, Benjamin,
1989:by David McDowall
1952:Iranian Kurdistan
1916:Iranian Kurdistan
1752:PJAK insurrection
1741:Iranian Kurdistan
1630:Iranian Kurdistan
1622:puppet government
1488:Ervand Abrahamian
1387:started in 2004.
1332:Pahlavi in 1918.
1310:
1309:
1301:2024 Erbil attack
1276:PJAK insurrection
1156:
1155:
706:Ruhollah Khomeini
676:Pahlavi (1925−41)
638:(claimed by Iran)
625:(claimed by Iran)
600:(claimed by Iran)
147:
146:
6754:
6601:Civil war (1994)
6226:
6225:
6157:1990 Osh clashes
6141:Ethnic conflicts
6078:
6077:
6055:
6048:
5893:
5892:
5858:2017–2018 crisis
5836:
5802:
5801:
5613:
5612:
5591:
5584:
5577:
5568:
5567:
5499:
5498:
5450:Daraa insurgency
5445:Syrian civil war
5375:Yemeni Civil war
5246:Myanmar conflict
5104:
5103:
5087:Mapuche conflict
5036:Mexican drug war
5021:
5020:
4910:Sinai insurgency
4855:Somali Civil War
4733:
4732:
4715:
4708:
4701:
4692:
4691:
4650:Israel–Hamas war
4577:Syrian civil war
4560:Sinai insurgency
4521:2006 Lebanon War
4196:Dhofar Rebellion
4131:Cyprus Emergency
4126:Jebel Akhdar War
4098:1982 Lebanon War
4088:1967 Six-Day War
3997:Dersim rebellion
3957:Ararat rebellion
3861:Al-Jazeera Front
3767:
3760:
3753:
3744:
3743:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3649:. 28 August 2023
3639:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3578:
3572:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3540:. Archived from
3530:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3514:on 18 March 2017
3504:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3401:. Archived from
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3332:
3323:
3322:
3292:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3230:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3018:
3012:
3011:
2981:
2975:
2957:
2951:
2944:
2938:
2930:
2921:
2920:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2842:
2827:
2826:
2800:
2791:
2790:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2685:
2670:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2655:
2648:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2621:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2578:
2567:
2566:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2489:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2446:on 7 August 2011
2445:
2438:
2427:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2398:
2389:
2376:
2370:
2358:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2317:. Archived from
2311:
2305:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2268:
2259:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2151:. 29 July 2016.
2141:
2135:
2134:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2054:
2045:
2044:
2003:
1923:Kurdistan Region
1595:Second World War
1554:, following the
1552:Second World War
1523:Jafar Sultan of
1404:Battle of Dimdim
1365:1946 Iran crisis
1196:
1195:
1193:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1159:
1158:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1087:Omar Ilkhanizade
1085:
1084:
1083:
1076:Abdullah Mohtadi
1074:
1073:
1072:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1007:
1006:
1005:
996:
986:
985:
984:
974:
973:
972:
963:Abdullah Mohtadi
961:
960:
959:
950:
949:
948:
939:
938:
937:
928:
927:
926:
915:
914:
904:
903:
902:
893:
892:
891:
882:
881:
880:
874:
865:
864:
863:
846:
836:
835:
826:
818:
817:
808:
798:
797:
787:
786:
777:Mohammad Khatami
775:
774:
763:
762:
751:
750:
741:
731:
730:
719:
718:
704:
703:
692:
684:
683:
672:
671:
660:Ahmad Shah Qajar
658:
657:
656:
636:Kurdistan Region
634:
633:
621:
620:
609:
608:
596:
595:
575:
574:
573:
563:
562:
561:
551:
550:
549:
539:
538:
537:
527:
526:
525:
507:
506:
505:
495:
494:
493:
483:
482:
481:
471:
470:
469:
459:
458:
457:
447:
446:
445:
435:
434:
433:
416:
415:
414:
397:
395:
394:
383:
382:
370:
369:
349:
348:
347:
337:
336:
335:
315:
314:
294:
293:
279:
269:
268:
267:
254:
252:
251:
232:
231:
230:
220:
219:
218:
204:
203:
190:
188:
187:
165:
164:
163:
60:(106 years)
54:
52:
41:
40:
33:
21:
20:
6762:
6761:
6757:
6756:
6755:
6753:
6752:
6751:
6702:
6701:
6700:
6695:
6659:
6647:
6637:
6589:
6558:
6535:
6509:
6476:
6445:
6405:
6350:
6273:
6257:
6213:
6192:
6171:
6145:
6129:
6093:Afghan conflict
6065:
6051:
6044:
6018:
5992:
5971:
5955:Kachin conflict
5933:
5907:
5880:
5864:
5843:Korean conflict
5834:
5832:
5826:
5789:
5763:
5737:
5674:
5604:
5595:
5565:
5556:
5535:
5486:
5465:Rojava conflict
5455:Desert campaign
5314:
5256:Kachin conflict
5238:
5232:
5146:Afghan conflict
5134:
5118:
5114:Korean conflict
5091:
5055:
5008:
4997:Azawad conflict
4943:
4866:
4801:
4724:
4719:
4689:
4684:
4682:
4669:
4632:
4554:Egyptian Crisis
4537:
4478:
4418:
4351:
4261:
4250:Second Intifada
4160:
4104:
4001:
3967:Simele massacre
3945:
3926:Adwan Rebellion
3899:
3776:
3771:
3719:
3714:
3704:
3702:
3692:
3688:
3678:
3676:
3666:
3662:
3652:
3650:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3626:
3624:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3596:
3594:
3587:Middle East Eye
3579:
3575:
3569:Wayback Machine
3561:
3557:
3547:
3545:
3544:on 12 June 2015
3532:
3531:
3527:
3517:
3515:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3491:
3489:
3484:. 14 May 2015.
3480:
3479:
3475:
3465:
3463:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3439:
3437:
3422:
3418:
3408:
3406:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3382:
3380:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3351:
3343:. p. 445.
3333:
3326:
3311:
3293:
3284:
3274:
3272:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3243:
3221:
3217:
3202:
3194:. p. 453.
3181:
3177:
3162:
3154:. p. 240.
3144:
3140:
3125:
3101:Chubin, Shahram
3098:
3094:
3079:
3058:
3054:
3039:
3019:
3015:
3000:
2992:. p. 227.
2982:
2978:
2968:Wayback Machine
2958:
2954:
2945:
2941:
2931:
2924:
2909:
2901:. p. 115.
2886:
2882:
2867:
2843:
2830:
2815:
2801:
2794:
2781:. p. 296.
2771:
2767:
2752:
2734:Atabaki, Touraj
2723:
2719:
2704:
2686:
2673:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2638:
2634:
2626:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2593:
2579:
2570:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2541:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2510:
2490:
2477:
2467:
2465:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2443:
2436:
2428:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2400:
2399:
2392:
2387:Wayback Machine
2377:
2373:
2368:Wayback Machine
2359:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2321:on 19 July 2014
2313:
2312:
2308:
2303:Wayback Machine
2289:
2285:
2280:on 15 June 2012
2277:
2266:
2260:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2186:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2156:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2117:
2113:
2098:
2088:Lexington Books
2080:
2076:
2069:
2055:
2048:
2033:
2015:Atabaki, Touraj
2004:
2000:
1996:
1943:
1893:(PDKI) and the
1884:
1878:
1828:
1811:
1806:
1771:Iraqi Kurdistan
1760:
1754:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1720:KDPI insurgency
1703:
1687:
1681:
1583:
1575:Main articles:
1573:
1568:
1541:
1521:
1515:
1506:
1500:
1427:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1381:KDPI insurgency
1311:
1306:
1305:
1266:KDPI insurgency
1197:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1151:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1098:Ibrahim Alizade
1092:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1003:
1001:
999:
992:
982:
980:
979:
970:
968:
966:
957:
955:
954:
952:Sedigh Kamangar
946:
944:
943:
935:
933:
932:
924:
922:
920:
909:
908:
900:
898:
897:
889:
887:
886:
884:Mustafa Barzani
878:
876:
875:
861:
859:
857:
842:
838:Qasem Soleimani
830:
812:
811:
804:
792:
781:
780:
769:
768:
757:
756:
745:
744:
737:
725:
724:
713:
712:
698:
696:
678:
677:
666:
664:
654:
652:
641:
628:
615:
603:
590:
581:
571:
569:
559:
557:
547:
545:
535:
533:
523:
521:
514:
513:
503:
501:
491:
489:
479:
477:
467:
465:
455:
453:
443:
441:
431:
429:
422:
421:
412:
410:
404:
403:
392:
390:
377:
364:
355:
345:
343:
333:
331:
322:
309:
300:
288:
285:
274:
265:
263:
249:
247:
246:
242:
241:
228:
226:
216:
214:
198:
185:
183:
182:
178:
171:
161:
159:
92:
88:For a map, see
87:
84:Iraqi Kurdistan
61:
59:
50:
48:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6760:
6750:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6697:
6696:
6694:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6667:
6665:
6664:Related topics
6661:
6660:
6658:
6657:
6651:
6649:
6643:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6633:
6628:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6597:
6595:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6566:
6564:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6556:
6555:
6554:
6543:
6541:
6537:
6536:
6534:
6533:
6532:
6531:
6528:
6526:Qatif conflict
6517:
6515:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6506:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6484:
6482:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6453:
6451:
6447:
6446:
6444:
6443:
6442:
6441:
6431:
6430:
6429:
6424:
6413:
6411:
6407:
6406:
6404:
6403:
6402:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6374:Iraqi conflict
6371:
6370:
6369:
6358:
6356:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6348:
6343:
6342:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6321:
6320:
6319:
6317:Qatif conflict
6309:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6281:
6279:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6271:
6265:
6263:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6255:
6254:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6232:
6230:
6223:
6219:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6211:
6206:
6200:
6198:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6190:
6185:
6179:
6177:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6153:
6151:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6143:
6137:
6135:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6126:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6090:
6084:
6082:
6075:
6071:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6058:
6057:
6056:
6049:
6037:
6032:
6026:
6024:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6000:
5998:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5990:
5985:
5979:
5977:
5973:
5972:
5970:
5969:
5968:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5950:Karen conflict
5941:
5939:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5915:
5913:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5905:
5899:
5897:
5890:
5889:Southeast Asia
5886:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5878:
5872:
5870:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5862:
5861:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5839:
5837:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5808:
5806:
5799:
5795:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5771:
5769:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5745:
5743:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5719:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5688:
5682:
5680:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5651:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5619:
5617:
5610:
5606:
5605:
5594:
5593:
5586:
5579:
5571:
5562:
5561:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5543:
5541:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5531:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5505:
5503:
5496:
5492:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5484:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5411:
5401:
5400:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5379:
5378:
5377:
5372:
5371:
5370:
5360:
5358:Qatif conflict
5350:
5349:
5348:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5322:
5320:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5307:
5305:Papua conflict
5302:
5301:
5300:
5295:
5285:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5266:Karen conflict
5263:
5258:
5253:
5242:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5192:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5175:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5161:
5160:
5159:
5158:
5153:
5142:
5140:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5116:
5110:
5108:
5101:
5097:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5063:
5061:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5027:
5025:
5018:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5006:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4951:
4949:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4929:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4880:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4862:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4835:
4833:Oromo conflict
4830:
4828:OLA insurgency
4825:
4815:
4813:ADF insurgency
4809:
4807:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4773:Ituri conflict
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4739:
4737:
4730:
4726:
4725:
4718:
4717:
4710:
4703:
4695:
4686:
4685:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4664:Red Sea crisis
4660:
4653:
4646:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4563:
4551:
4545:
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4506:
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4494:
4486:
4484:
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4479:
4477:
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4466:
4461:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4409:Mecca massacre
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4372:
4367:
4359:
4357:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4245:First Intifada
4242:
4230:
4228:1964 Hama riot
4225:
4223:Aden Emergency
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4198:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4174:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4105:
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4102:
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4100:
4095:
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4068:
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4039:
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4032:
4027:
4022:
4009:
4007:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
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3951:
3947:
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3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3907:
3905:
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3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3790:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3777:
3770:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3734:
3718:
3717:External links
3715:
3713:
3712:
3686:
3660:
3634:
3623:on 10 May 2016
3604:
3573:
3555:
3525:
3499:
3473:
3447:
3416:
3390:
3364:
3349:
3324:
3309:
3303:. p. 32.
3282:
3256:
3241:
3215:
3200:
3175:
3160:
3138:
3123:
3092:
3077:
3052:
3037:
3013:
2998:
2976:
2952:
2939:
2922:
2907:
2880:
2865:
2828:
2813:
2792:
2765:
2750:
2717:
2702:
2696:. p. 17.
2671:
2632:
2606:
2591:
2568:
2552:
2535:
2508:
2502:. p. 46.
2475:
2449:
2419:
2390:
2371:
2332:
2306:
2283:
2247:
2221:
2210:. 27 July 2022
2195:
2185:978-1317257370
2184:
2166:
2136:
2129:
2111:
2096:
2090:. p. 48.
2074:
2067:
2046:
2031:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1957:Kurdish people
1954:
1949:
1942:
1939:
1880:Main article:
1877:
1874:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1756:Main article:
1753:
1750:
1724:Main article:
1721:
1718:
1702:
1701:1979 rebellion
1699:
1691:Kurdish tribal
1683:Main article:
1680:
1677:
1572:
1571:Mahabad crisis
1569:
1567:
1564:
1540:
1537:
1517:Main article:
1514:
1511:
1502:Main article:
1499:
1496:
1423:Main article:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1399:
1396:
1377:1979 rebellion
1308:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1261:1979 rebellion
1252:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1109:Siamand Moeini
1020:Siamand Moeini
849:
828:) (1980−1981)
753:Hassan Rouhani
723:(1981−present)
648:
647:
643:
642:
640:
639:
626:
613:
601:
587:
580:
579:
567:
555:
543:
531:
518:
512:
511:
499:
487:
475:
463:
451:
439:
426:
408:
402:
401:
388:
375:
361:
354:
353:
341:
328:
323:
321:
320:
319:(Against PJAK)
306:
286:
259:
258:
240:
239:
238:
237:
211:
209:
195:
194:
192:Ottoman Empire
180:Supported by:
172:
157:
154:
153:
149:
148:
145:
144:
143:
142:
131:
124:
117:
114:
108:
98:
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93:
74:
72:
68:
67:
45:
37:
36:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6759:
6748:
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6713:
6710:
6709:
6707:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6671:War on terror
6669:
6668:
6666:
6662:
6656:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6644:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
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6609:
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6397:
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6380:
6377:
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6372:
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6365:
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6363:
6360:
6359:
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6353:
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6340:
6337:
6335:
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6327:
6326:
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6310:
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6305:
6301:
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6291:
6288:
6287:
6286:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6276:
6270:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6260:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6246:2016 conflict
6244:
6242:
6239:
6238:
6237:
6234:
6233:
6231:
6227:
6224:
6220:
6210:
6207:
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6155:
6154:
6152:
6148:
6142:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6132:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6118:2001–2021 War
6116:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6091:
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5859:
5856:
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5810:
5809:
5807:
5803:
5800:
5796:
5786:
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5778:
5776:
5773:
5772:
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5766:
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5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
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5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5677:
5671:
5668:
5666:
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5661:
5658:
5656:
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5646:
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5641:
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5625:
5624:
5621:
5620:
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5611:
5607:
5603:
5600:
5592:
5587:
5585:
5580:
5578:
5573:
5572:
5569:
5553:
5552:Loyalist feud
5550:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5538:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
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5507:
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5504:
5500:
5497:
5493:
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5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
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5456:
5453:
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5443:
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5427:
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5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5383:
5380:
5376:
5373:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5363:Yemeni crisis
5361:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5351:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5342:
5341:Iraq conflict
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5317:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5261:Kalay clashes
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5235:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5197:
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5193:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5137:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5105:
5102:
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5078:
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5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4946:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4927:War in Darfur
4925:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4905:Libyan Crisis
4903:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4869:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4839:
4838:War in Amhara
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4798:
4795:
4791:
4790:M23 offensive
4788:
4787:
4786:
4785:Kivu conflict
4783:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4734:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4716:
4711:
4709:
4704:
4702:
4697:
4696:
4693:
4681:
4679:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4617:Yemeni crisis
4615:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4481:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4421:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4382:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4364:Iran–Iraq War
4361:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4315:NDF Rebellion
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4258:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4107:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4047:Alwaziri coup
4045:
4043:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3893:
3889:
3888:United States
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3828:
3825:
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3798:
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3768:
3763:
3761:
3756:
3754:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3739:28 June 2006.
3738:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3701:
3697:
3690:
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3487:
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3477:
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3404:
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3329:
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3149:
3142:
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3112:
3108:
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3096:
3088:
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3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
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3026:
3025:
3017:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2961:Communism ii.
2956:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2904:
2900:
2896:
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2835:
2833:
2824:
2820:
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2810:
2806:
2799:
2797:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2777:. Cambridge:
2776:
2769:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2747:
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2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2713:
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2337:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2236:. 14 May 2023
2235:
2231:
2225:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2132:
2130:9780313381942
2126:
2122:
2115:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2097:9780739140390
2093:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2070:
2068:9780190250904
2064:
2060:
2053:
2051:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2032:9781860649646
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1998:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1947:Kurds in Iran
1945:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1907:Kurdish cause
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1831:
1827:
1826:Mahabad riots
1819:
1815:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1783:Iranian media
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1727:
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1639:
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1620:
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1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1550:, during the
1549:
1545:
1536:
1534:
1531:and north of
1530:
1526:
1520:
1510:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1439:Qajar dynasty
1436:
1433:was an armed
1432:
1426:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1281:Mahabad riots
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1183:
1178:
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1171:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1132:
1121:
1110:
1099:
1088:
1077:
1066:
1055:
1054:Mustafa Hijri
1044:
1043:
1032:
1021:
1010:
1009:Mustafa Hijri
998:
997:
995:
989:
977:
965:
964:
953:
942:
931:
919:
918:
913:
907:
906:Ahmed Barzani
896:
885:
873:
868:
867:Qazi Muhammad
856:
854:
850:
847:
845:
839:
834:
829:
827:
821:
816:
809:
807:
801:
796:
790:
785:
778:
773:
766:
761:
754:
749:
742:
740:
734:
733:Ebrahim Raisi
729:
722:
717:
710:
707:
702:
695:
693:
687:
682:
675:
670:
663:
661:
650:
649:
644:
637:
632:
627:
624:
619:
614:
612:
611:United States
607:
602:
599:
594:
589:
588:
586:
585:
584:Supported by:
578:
568:
566:
556:
554:
544:
542:
532:
530:
520:
519:
517:
510:
500:
498:
488:
486:
476:
474:
464:
462:
452:
450:
440:
438:
428:
427:
425:
420:
419:
407:
400:
389:
386:
381:
376:
373:
368:
363:
362:
360:
359:
358:Supported by:
352:
342:
340:
330:
329:
327:
324:
318:
313:
308:
307:
305:
304:
303:Supported by:
299:
297:
292:
284:
282:
278:
272:
261:
260:
257:
245:
244:Supported by:
235:
225:
224:
223:
213:
212:
210:
207:
202:
197:
196:
193:
181:
176:
173:
170:
168:
156:
155:
150:
140:
136:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
113:
109:
106:
105:
104:
103:
99:
96:
95:
91:
86:border areas
85:
81:
77:
73:
70:
69:
65:
58:
46:
43:
42:
38:
32:
27:
22:
19:
6514:Saudi Arabia
6284:
6222:Western Asia
6074:Central Asia
5426:2015–present
5403:
4675:
4662:
4655:
4648:
4622:
4621:
4609:
4602:
4583:
4575:
4574:
4565:
4558:
4513:
4496:
4489:
4457:
4429:
4379:
4362:
4292:
4232:
4200:
4176:
4070:
4057:
4056:
4014:World War II
4012:
3848:
3792:
3733:and English)
3723:PJAK website
3703:. Retrieved
3700:The New Arab
3699:
3689:
3677:. Retrieved
3673:
3663:
3651:. Retrieved
3646:
3637:
3625:. Retrieved
3621:the original
3607:
3595:. Retrieved
3576:
3558:
3546:. Retrieved
3542:the original
3537:
3528:
3516:. Retrieved
3512:the original
3502:
3490:. Retrieved
3476:
3464:. Retrieved
3450:
3438:. Retrieved
3429:
3419:
3407:. Retrieved
3403:the original
3393:
3381:. Retrieved
3367:
3336:
3299:. New York:
3296:
3273:. Retrieved
3259:
3231:. New York:
3226:
3218:
3187:
3178:
3147:
3141:
3109:. Berkeley:
3105:
3095:
3064:
3055:
3023:
3016:
2985:
2979:
2955:
2947:
2946:Jwaideh, W.
2942:
2933:
2892:
2883:
2847:
2804:
2774:
2768:
2737:
2720:
2689:
2665:
2658:, retrieved
2642:
2635:
2624:the original
2615:
2609:
2582:
2561:
2555:
2545:
2538:
2526:. Retrieved
2494:
2466:. Retrieved
2452:
2441:the original
2432:
2410:. Retrieved
2374:
2323:. Retrieved
2319:the original
2309:
2291:
2286:
2275:the original
2270:
2238:. Retrieved
2224:
2212:. Retrieved
2198:
2189:
2175:
2169:
2159:29 September
2157:. Retrieved
2139:
2120:
2114:
2083:
2077:
2058:
2018:
2001:
1920:
1912:
1885:
1871:
1843:
1840:
1832:
1829:
1787:
1761:
1737:Insurrection
1735:
1704:
1695:Western Iran
1688:
1647:
1599:Soviet Union
1592:
1548:Pahlavi Iran
1542:
1522:
1507:
1455:Simko Shikak
1428:
1389:
1349:Simko Shikak
1334:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1255:1979–present
1254:
1253:
1230:
1229:
1220:Jafar Sultan
1204:
1190:
1065:Khalid Azizi
1000:
993:
988:Majid Kavian
967:
921:
895:Jafar Sultan
858:
855:(1918–1930)
853:Simko Shikak
851:
843:
805:
791:(1989−1997)
738:
721:Ali Khamenei
697:
694:) (1941−79)
665:
651:
598:Saudi Arabia
583:
582:
515:
423:
409:
405:
399:Soviet Union
357:
356:
325:
302:
301:
287:
262:
256:Soviet Union
243:
179:
158:
152:Belligerents
100:
63:
56:
18:
6686:Arab Winter
6681:Arab Spring
6081:Afghanistan
6014:2006 crisis
6009:1999 crisis
4753:Cabinda War
4678:World War I
4136:Suez Crisis
4083:Suez Crisis
3812:Arab Revolt
3794:World War I
3518:14 February
3492:14 February
3409:30 December
3113:. pp.
2855:. pp.
2742:I.B. Tauris
2412:14 February
2023:I.B. Tauris
1562:in 1945–6.
1363:during the
1353:Hama Rashid
1249:1967 revolt
1242:1946 crisis
1225:Hama Rashid
1120:Zilan Vejin
1031:Zilan Vejin
978:(2004–2011)
976:Haji Ahmadi
810:(1981−1981)
779:(1997−2005)
767:(2005−2013)
755:(2013−2021)
743:(2021−2024)
169:(1918–25)
6706:Categories
6251:Second War
6229:Azerbaijan
6197:Uzbekistan
6176:Tajikistan
6150:Kyrgyzstan
6134:Kazakhstan
6097:Civil War
5997:East Timor
5835:and South)
5609:South Asia
3705:22 October
3679:22 October
3653:22 October
3627:29 January
3597:29 January
3430:Yeni Şafak
3275:23 January
3115:39–41, 178
2528:15 October
2468:23 January
2325:26 January
2086:. Lanham:
1994:References
1901:(PAK) and
1480:Government
1453:chieftain
1398:Background
1345:World Wars
662:(1918−25)
553:Komala–CPI
541:Komala–PIK
485:Komala–KTP
473:Komala–CPI
461:Komala–PIK
6481:Palestine
6241:First War
6111:1996–2001
6106:1992–1996
6101:1989–1992
5912:Indonesia
5798:East Asia
5742:Sri Lanka
5293:Communist
3359:693185463
3319:756496931
2932:Smith B.
2853:Routledge
2823:430736528
2694:Routledge
2601:714725127
2518:753913763
2404:. Rudaw.
2106:430736528
1820:fighters.
1798:offensive
1748:in 2015.
1615:communist
1373:uprisings
1330:Reza Shah
1231:1945–1979
1215:2nd Simko
1210:1st Simko
1205:1918–1945
711:(1979−89)
674:Reza Shah
387:(1993–95)
374:(1980–88)
236:(1945–46)
208:(1925–79)
177:tribesmen
6648:conflict
5976:Thailand
5896:Cambodia
5679:Pakistan
5599:Cold War
5298:Drug war
5017:Americas
4992:Mali War
4491:Iraq War
3617:ARA News
3591:Archived
3565:Archived
3538:ARA News
3486:Archived
3460:Archived
3434:Archived
3377:Archived
3269:Archived
3186:(1982).
3170:61425259
3063:(1982).
3047:16923212
3008:61425259
2964:Archived
2891:(1982).
2875:24247652
2760:56455579
2728:(2006).
2712:24247652
2667:therein.
2651:archived
2522:Archived
2462:Archived
2406:Archived
2383:Archived
2364:Archived
2299:Archived
2153:Archived
2149:Stratfor
2041:56455579
2009:(2006).
1941:See also
1935:New Arab
1865:and the
1854:Sardasht
1603:occupied
1525:Hewraman
424:2016–22
406:2004–11
326:1979–96
298:(1979−)
71:Location
6450:Lebanon
6262:Bahrain
5938:Myanmar
5123:Central
4736:Central
3883:Revolts
3727:Persian
3674:Reuters
3251:9282694
3210:7975938
3133:1219525
3087:7975938
2950::p.245.
2917:7975938
2857:138–141
2787:1102813
2736:(ed.).
2660:5 March
2649:, MIT,
2017:(ed.).
1903:Komalah
1846:Mahabad
1657:Marxist
1642:Mahabad
1533:Halabja
1529:Marivan
1476:plunder
1451:Kurdish
1435:Ottoman
1409:History
1392:Kurdish
1339:of the
1322:Kurdish
1316:or the
994:†
844:†
822: (
806:†
739:†
688: (
283:(1979)
139:bombing
102:Ongoing
64:present
57:present
49: (
6563:Turkey
6410:Israel
6023:Others
5869:Taiwan
5833:(North
5831:Korea
5768:Others
5495:Europe
5237:South-
4729:Africa
3731:Sorani
3466:12 May
3357:
3347:
3317:
3307:
3249:
3239:
3208:
3198:
3168:
3158:
3131:
3121:
3085:
3075:
3045:
3035:
3006:
2996:
2915:
2905:
2873:
2863:
2821:
2811:
2785:
2758:
2748:
2710:
2700:
2599:
2589:
2565:, 1994
2516:
2506:
2240:17 May
2214:17 May
2182:
2127:
2104:
2094:
2065:
2039:
2029:
1779:Turkey
1745:leader
1710:Komala
1673:Turkey
1665:Komala
1619:Soviet
1467:region
1463:Persia
1443:Persia
1367:. The
990:
869:
848:(2020)
840:
802:
735:
623:Israel
516:2022–
396:
385:Turkey
351:Komala
317:Turkey
253:
189:
175:Shekak
97:Status
6594:Yemen
6540:Syria
5805:China
5616:India
5597:Post–
5170:Drugs
5139:South
5060:South
5024:North
4871:North
4637:2020s
4542:2010s
4483:2000s
4423:1990s
4356:1980s
4266:1970s
4165:1960s
4109:1950s
4006:1940s
3950:1930s
3904:1920s
3781:1910s
3548:1 May
3440:1 May
3383:1 May
2970:. in
2732:. In
2654:(PDF)
2647:(PDF)
2627:(PDF)
2620:(PDF)
2444:(PDF)
2437:(PDF)
2278:(PDF)
2267:(PDF)
2013:. In
1931:Mosul
1777:from
1661:KDP-I
1611:KDP-I
1597:when
6355:Iraq
6278:Iran
6053:Moro
5540:West
5502:East
5319:West
5239:east
5107:East
5100:Asia
4948:West
4806:East
3725:(in
3707:2023
3681:2023
3655:2023
3629:2017
3599:2017
3550:2016
3520:2017
3494:2017
3468:2016
3442:2016
3411:2015
3385:2016
3355:OCLC
3345:ISBN
3315:OCLC
3305:ISBN
3277:2016
3247:OCLC
3237:ISBN
3206:OCLC
3196:ISBN
3166:OCLC
3156:ISBN
3129:OCLC
3119:ISBN
3083:OCLC
3073:ISBN
3043:OCLC
3033:ISBN
3004:OCLC
2994:ISBN
2913:OCLC
2903:ISBN
2871:OCLC
2861:ISBN
2819:OCLC
2809:ISBN
2783:OCLC
2756:OCLC
2746:ISBN
2708:OCLC
2698:ISBN
2662:2014
2597:OCLC
2587:ISBN
2530:2016
2514:OCLC
2504:ISBN
2470:2016
2414:2017
2327:2014
2242:2023
2216:2023
2180:ISBN
2161:2016
2125:ISBN
2102:OCLC
2092:ISBN
2063:ISBN
2037:OCLC
2027:ISBN
1867:PDKI
1858:PJAK
1850:Iran
1818:PDKI
1767:PJAK
1663:and
1613:and
1579:and
1447:Iran
1429:The
1369:USSR
1326:Iran
565:PJAK
529:KDPI
497:PJAK
437:KDPI
418:PJAK
372:Iraq
339:KDPI
222:KDPI
128:KDPI
121:PJAK
90:here
80:Iran
76:Iran
51:1918
47:1918
44:Date
6046:NPA
3647:VOA
3029:399
1775:PKK
1671:in
1669:PKK
1628:in
1461:in
1441:of
825:MIA
691:MIA
577:PAK
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