Konstantin Päts - Knowledge

1729: 1870: 2115: 5408: 4995: 2776: 1816:) and in the Assembly of Municipal Representatives, where Päts received 36 from a total of 40 and 113 from a total of 120 votes, respectively. As both chambers of parliament and the Assembly of Municipal Representatives had elected and nominated the same candidate, in accordance with the constitution, a collective electoral body convened on 24 April 1938 and voted with 219 in favor of the candidate, Päts, and 19 ballots left empty. From a total of 240, the 219 votes were more than the required 3/5 majority (144 votes). Päts gave the presidential 2347:, has suggested that Soviet Russia sought since the 1920s to literally buy off some of the top-level Estonian politicians. He suggests that the Soviets saw Päts and his conservative Farmers' Assemblies party to be the most suitable. The easiest way to influence Päts and his party is said to have been the Estonian-Russian Chamber of Commerce. Päts was secretly very Russian-minded, as he grew up in a Russian-speaking home. Ilmjärv even claims that Päts had suggested federation between Estonia and the Soviet Union to the Soviet embassy in Tallinn. 2431: 3432: 3108: 661: 2577: 2263: 1137: 4784: 4579: 4305: 3847: 1205: 8820: 8419: 1850: 870: 9235: 1970:, Russia, where they arrived on 9 August. There they lived under surveillance in a large apartment for a year. In Ufa, Päts wrote his memoirs of his time in office and pleaded that his grandsons, their mother, and nanny would be sent to either Switzerland or Italy, since his grandson Henn was already in a bad health. After receiving no answer, he pleaded for them to be sent back to Estonia. In his naivety, he pleaded to be exchanged with 1350: 1994: 9280: 1536:

devaluation, left the coalition and the Union of Settlers and Smallholders had lost many of its members to the reactivated Settlers' party. The succeeding Tõnisson's National Centre Party cabinet devalued the Estonian kroon by 35% on 27 June 1933. Although the devaluation proved to be successful and had a good impact to the economy later under his own rule, Päts never recognized his mistake by opposing the devaluation.

1759: 2152: 33: 2136:. The contemporary leaders of independent Finland were not sufficiently interested in the union and the idea was effectively ignored and forgotten. Päts still bore the idea in his mind, as testified by his so-called "political testament", written in July 1940. In 1922, during his first term as State Elder, he made the first Estonian official state visit, to Finland. Päts championed "kindred friendship" with other 1362: 9263: 1389:. By January 1919, Estonians had forced the Bolsheviks to retreat; and by 24 February 1919, the entire Estonian territory was under the control of the provisional government. In his speech at the 1919 Independence Day parade, Päts said: "We have to secure our economy so we could become less dependent on our allies. In order to avoid bankruptcy, our new state needs a solid foundation of agriculture." 1648:. Päts had promoted the idea of corporate chambers already in 1918, but the idea did not gain support from strong left-wing parties at the time. Päts was the main proponent of the formation of the chambers and the first two were founded while his government cabinets were in office in 1924 and 1931. Fifteen more chambers were established between 1934 and 1936, bringing the total number to 17. 1590: 1637:) was formed to replace political parties, while all other political organizations were suspended in March 1935. Päts stated in his opinions at the time that political organizations should unite the society, not fragment it. The initial state of emergency was declared for six months in March 1934, but after September 1934, Päts extended it for a year in a total of six times. 2446:'s and August Rei's cabinets and Jaan Tõnisson's fourth cabinet. This makes it 4,017 days (89%) in the government (of 4,497 in 1921–1933). Päts was himself the State Elder four times, a total of 1,476 days (33%). He never filled any other position in the government besides the head of government (except for the additional minister portfolios in the provisional government). 9223: 975:. According to locals' memories, he was born on a neighbouring roadside farm, since his mother could not reach a doctor in time and was unable to make the last few kilometers back home. He was baptized in the Tahkuranna Orthodox Church. Konstantin started his education in the Orthodox parish school of Tahkuranna. In Pärnu, Konstantin attended the 2227:

claimed that the Bank of Estonia gave out several loans to enterprises that were related to Päts's activities and almost all other loans were given to enterprises related to the members of the bank's own council and other top-level politicians. Having big loans was also the reason why Päts, Westel and other top-level politicians did not fight the

1473:, Farmers' Assemblies took again 23 seats and Jaan Teemant continued as State Elder. Already in 1927, Päts criticized members of the Riigikogu, saying that they had been causing the instability of government coalitions, rather than ideological differences. At the 6th Congress of Farmers' Assemblies in 1929, the party was in opposition to 5432: 1228:, Estonians were pursuing for an autonomy within the Russian Empire. In local debates on whether to form one or two autonomous governorates in Estonia, Konstantin Päts, who supported a single autonomous governorate, took yet another victory from Jaan Tõnisson, who supported two autonomous governorates. After Estonian mass protests in 7688: 1841:" ended in 1938 with the adoption of the new constitution, or in 1940 with the Soviet occupation. The era of 1934–1940 is generally also called the "Päts Era". Also in 1938 a general amnesty was granted for those political prisoners of the Vaps Movement and the Communist Party, who had not directly killed anyone. 5419:), where Päts had been a patient in the hospital. They met his last doctor Ksenya Gusseva, who described Päts's funeral in 1956. She said that Päts was buried like a president – in a coffin, unlike other deceased patients of the time. On 22 June 1990, his grave was dug up and the remains were reburied in Tallinn 6168: 5283:, he was considered a socialist, as he advocated progressive ideas that were considered socialist at the time. During his exile years, he became more of a social liberal, trying to use the best of both ideologies. By the time Estonia became independent, he had become a conservative, and showed influences of 1962:

1940, making Päts formally the president of the new Estonian "Soviet Socialist Republic" for two days. Regardless of the exact chronology, the then pro-Soviet prime minister Vares, took over the president's powers as "Prime Minister in duties of the President" as a mere formality and for only a few weeks.

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While it is true that everyone's actions must be evaluated in the context of their time, I, too, am among those who believe that the Era of Silence had its role in things going as wrong for us as they did. When the circle of decision-makers becomes narrow, the politician no longer has a strong enough

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criticized the Minister of Finance Georg Vestel in the parliament for incorrect spending of state treasury. Westel was divested of office and Strandman's criticism led to the eventual resignation of Päts's 2nd cabinet in 1924 and led Päts to distance himself from public politics for seven years. Otto

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and was only looking for a way for Estonia to survive the short period in between. It is suggested that Päts knew of the difficulty of the situation and tried to keep Estonians as safe as possible by avoiding war with the Soviets and buying time. While trying not to give the Soviet Union a chance to

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An Estonian oil syndicate became a joint Estonian-Soviet enterprise in 1928 and Päts was hired by it as a legal consultant in 1930. His annual salary was $ 4,000, which was twice as much as the State Elder earned and more than eight times as much as Päts earned as a member of parliament. The purpose

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gave permission for issuing diplomatic visas to the entire Päts family already on the next day. Many Soviet-era sources claim that Päts had resigned from office on 21 July 1940. According to some other sources, he signed the resignation document on 22 July and the resignation was approved on 23 July

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between all three major parties. His cabinet took office on 1 November 1932. On 25 November 1932, Päts's government was given more powers by the disunited Riigikogu to deal with the economic crisis. His government was forced to resign on 18 May 1933, after the National Centre Party, still favouring

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After Päts arrived in Tallinn and the Maapäev had gathered, Päts's 3rd cabinet of the provisional government was formed on 27 November 1918, with Päts as Prime Minister of the provisional government and also the Minister of War, leaving it up to him to organize national defence. However, due to his

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and declare Estonia's independence. On 21 February 1918, a delegation with Päts was sent to Haapsalu, which was chosen to be the site of the initial declaration, but they were forced to head back to Tallinn, since the German forces had captured Haapsalu on the very same day. Attempts to reach Tartu

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Päts was seen as a kind person, who was able to give good speeches and who had grown up in a rural area and therefore had a heart for the land. He took a special interest in issues related to children. He often donated money to large families and schools and organized events for students, which he

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Even more, it was the Harju Bank that belonged among others to Päts and Westel that transacted many of the gold sales. Päts, Westel and other big businessmen, mostly members of Päts's Farmers' Unions party, have thus been accused of using this transaction money for their own good. It has also been

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of 23 June 1940, Päts declared: "the greatest thing we have accomplished is the creation of the Estonian state. To her we have given our strongest love, our loyalty, our work, and our life." From 29 June 1940, Päts remained under permanent house arrest. Even in early July, Päts reportedly informed

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as Minister of Internal Affairs, making him the third leading figure of the era next to Päts and Laidoner. In September, the Agitation and Propaganda Department was created, in October, all parliamentary work was suspended after the opposition criticized the political restrictions and in December,

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The weak government response only gained support for the Vaps Movement and in early January 1934, the movement won municipal elections in several urban municipalities. On 27 February 1934, Päts himself imposed a law, prohibiting members of the military to take part in politics. This action forced

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still controlled the municipal governments. Päts served as a municipal adviser in Tallinn from 1904; and together with Jaan Poska, he organized an electoral block between Estonians and liberal Russians, which managed to win at the 1904 Tallinn municipal elections. Päts became a member of the city

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Päts' actions prior to, and around the time of, the 1940 Soviet invasion and occupation of Estonia have been questioned. Apparently, in 1918, Päts refused to compromise with the Soviet communists, but in 1940, he "handed over" Estonia to the same Soviet communists without many objections — this

1551:. Until 24 January 1934, he served as State Elder, but after the new constitution came into force, he became Prime Minister. The new constitution was a drift from democracy, giving a lot of power to the head of state (still named "State Elder") and leaving the Riigikogu only an advisory role. 2297:

for their own personal gains and not to keep the Vaps Movement from taking power. Several members of the Päts family gained important positions ranging from clerical to cultural fields. Others have criticized the long time it took to adopt a new constitution, which was more than three years.

913:. It has also been claimed that she grew up with the Krüdener family, where the adoptive father, Baron Krüdener, was her uncle; however, it is more likely that she served the Krüdener family later as a governess. Jakob and Olga met while they were both in the service of the Krüdener family. 5443:

High School. They had two sons, Leo and Viktor. Konstantin left his family for exile in 1905; and his second son was born while he still resided in Switzerland. They were united when Konstantin moved to Ollila, Finland. His wife died of lung disease in 1910 while he was imprisoned in Saint

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mysteriously died in Finland, Jaan Poska led the underground republic. After Germany surrendered, Konstantin Päts's 2nd cabinet of the provisional government took office on 12 November 1918, making Päts the Prime Minister of the provisional government and the Minister of Internal Affairs.

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Päts served as the chairman of the Farmers' Assemblies party only unofficially and he was considered to be a bad partisan and often formed the opposition within the party. Therefore, he seldom took part of their official meetings. Only in 1933, he was made honorary chairman of the party.

1659:) by the Vaps Movement was exposed. More than 750 people were arrested throughout the state, crushing the movement conclusively. Leaders of the movement were soon given court sentences as hard as 20 years of forced labour, however they were all pardoned two years later, in December 1937. 2255:) of economic redevelopment, which stabilized the Estonian mark and detached the Estonian economy from dependence of trade with Russia. Dependence on Russia and hyperinflation could have affected the social situation in Estonia crucially, especially in the light of 1 December 1924 959:, near Pärnu, where they initially lived in a roadside tavern, but built a new house after the tavern burned down. Jakob divided his land into smaller lots and built half a dozen new houses on the site, which eventually grew into a borough, and later became a district of Pärnu. 893:

and is thought to derive from his patrilineal ancestors from the beginning of the 18th century, who distributed free bread from their mill during a famine. The mill was initially named the Päts Mill; and "Päts" (originally "Paets") was later adopted as an official surname.

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had openly criticized Päts for his role in corruption within the Bank of Estonia and economic policies that depended on trade with Russia. Päts kept away from office politics for seven years. Support for his party did not decline. From 15 December 1925 to 9 December 1927,

5302:), as required by the constitution. The National Council was dissolved soon after the occupation and was never reconvened. According to testimony from Rei, under the Estonian constitution, the Chamber of Deputies "had no legislative power" without the National Council. 1457:, Farmers' Assemblies took 23 seats. On 2 August 1923, Päts became State Elder for the second time. A similar centre-right coalition with three centrist parties lasted again until the Estonian Labour Party left the coalition, forcing Päts to step down on 26 March 1924. 1981:

The family "randomly" met an Estonian couple, both NKVD agents, in an Ufa market on 29 May 1941. They received an invitation to the family's home the next day. After the visit, it was claimed that both Konstantin and Viktor demonstrated particular viciousness against

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Speaking in the parliament on 15 March 1934, Päts stated that the Estonian people were "blinded by the propaganda of the Vaps Movement and ill-minded because of it, and the power could therefore not be in the hands of the people". On 15–16 March 1934, the parliament

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on 15 September 1936 as the second university in Estonia. Losing the Supreme Court and some faculties in the university definitely reduced the importance of Tartu in Southern Estonia - the town that had historically been supportive to Päts's opponent Jaan Tõnisson.

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A month-long government crisis started. Since there were only three major parties in the parliament, the third being the Estonian Socialist Workers' Party, no functioning coalition could be found until special authority was given to Konstantin Päts to form a

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as prime minister. Päts became effectively a puppet himself, and over the following month he signed nearly 200 decrees issued by the new Stalinist regime. Amongst others, he signed a decree to change the electoral law, allowing the new regime to organize

1618:) approved Päts' actions in hopes of saving Estonian democracy. Päts postponed the presidential elections for the duration of the emergency, expressing concern about "emotions being too high because of anti-government agitation by the Vaps Movement". 2173:

between Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania was signed in 1934. This agreement apparently was also another unsuccessful attempt to draw Finland closer to Estonia. During the 1930s, Estonian and Polish officials made several state visits to both countries.

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in 1901 and also its first deputy chairman. Päts was the chairman of Estonian-Finnish-Hungarian Association from 1925 to 1936 and continued as honorary chairman from 1936. From 1927 to 1937, he was the chairman of the "Fenno-Ugria" foundation.

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All living descendants of Konstantin Päts are the children and grandchildren of Matti Päts, who returned from Russia with his mother Helgi-Alice in 1946. Helgi-Alice, however, was arrested again in 1950 and sentenced to 10 years in prison in

5298:. Estonia's official position since the end of the Soviet era has been that the laws passed by the Vares cabinet and promulgated by Päts were void in any case as they were not ratified by the parliament's upper chamber, the National Council ( 2374:

of the joint enterprise for the Soviets was not supposed to be business-related, but only to attract Päts. This official salary by the Soviet Union has thus been seen as the salary for his long-term cooperation with the Soviets. After Päts's

1774:, that was based on Päts's draft. A bicameral parliament was to be elected and the president was to be elected by the parliament, not by the people. On 3 September 1937, a 120-day period of transition began, during which Päts ruled as 1064:

Päts was assumed by the authorities to have had established a newspaper that was loyal to the Empire and would "unite all Orthodox Estonians"; however, in reality his newspaper had a radical political content. The first issue of the

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It is also suggested that Päts's bad health and loneliness did not let him realistically analyze the situation. Furthermore, it is suggested that Päts and his cabinet lacked the necessary knowledge in international affairs and the

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Several aspects of Päts's career are still under critical public debate and various theories have been created, although many of them have also seen broad criticism. For example Päts economic activities and business contacts with

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was reappointed Commander in Chief of the Army. The period following the self-coup in 1934-1938 has been called by some politicians and historians the "Era of silence" which was marked by some degree of authoritarianism by Päts.

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could have caused to democracy and internal and external security. Furthermore, the "coup" was initially recommended by Päts' political opponent Jaan Tõnisson himself, and was supported by the democratically elected parliament

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in Switzerland, where Päts had sent her for treatment. During his imprisonment, he was able to study foreign languages and write articles, to be published in newspapers. Päts was released on 25 March 1911. The governor of the

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Either the American visas came too late or the Päts family remained under house arrest, but on 30 July 1940, together with his son Viktor and Viktor's wife Helgi-Alice and sons Matti and Henn, Konstantin Päts was deported to

1410:, which ended in the Estonian-Latvian victory. After the war with Soviet Russia had also ended with Estonian victory on 2 February 1920, the majority left-wing Constituent Assembly adopted a radical land reform law and the 1163:

After his wife had become seriously ill, Päts found out that he was no longer condemned to death in the Russian Empire. He moved back to Estonia in 1909, to face only minor charges. From February 1910, he served time in

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with Soviet Russia than with other European countries. The Russian embassy in Tallinn was at the center of Russian gold sales to the West, which constituted about 4% of global gold sales in that period. Estonia and the

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party that had to be kept away from power. In August 1933, State Elder Jaan Tõnisson had declared a state of emergency and temporary censorship, that was lifted only when Päts's transitional government took office.

1900:. In case of such war, "Estonia would be saved". However, on 16 June 1940, the Soviet Union delivered an ultimatum to the Estonian government. The Estonian government was forced to accept the ultimatum and a full 5459:

In 1919, Päts rented, organized, and later bought a farmstead on the land detached from Väo Manor, just outside Tallinn. He was later awarded a farmstead, like many other participants of and contributors to the

7655: 1414:, which brought about a proportionally representative and very fractured parliament, rapidly changing government cabinets, and a nominal head of state whose office had little more than ceremonial powers only. 2365:

It is also claimed that Päts purposefully gave up valuable information to the Soviets, when he negotiated the Estonian-Russian commerce treaty for Estonia. Päts also supported giving concession rights of the

1148:, Finland, where he continued his literary and journalist career. Much of his work was published anonymously in Estonia. He also advised local municipalities on land reform questions. In 1908, Päts moved to 2385:

controlled Päts's health or the information that reached him. Finnish historian Martti Turtola claims that Päts's actions were in accordance with the Soviet Union's demands already since the signing of the

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council; and in April 1905, he became the deputy mayor, chairing the city council. His active work at the town government left him little time for his newspaper. Because of the lack of Päts’ supervision of

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was named after him in 1936–1940. Konstantin Päts Boarding School of Tallinn was opened after Päts's own initiative for children with respiratory disorders. During Päts's presidency, he had the creamy

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On 26 June 1941, they were arrested and imprisoned in Ufa, the children were sent to an orphanage. Päts was interrogated for hours, but did not take the blame. Even in March 1942, he believed that the

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From February 1916, Päts served as an officer in Tallinn. In July 1917, he was elected as Chairman of the Supreme Committee of Estonian Soldiers, where he actively worked to form Estonian units in the

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Konstantin's eldest son, Leo Päts (1902–1988), managed to escape to Finland in 1939. He eventually moved on to Sweden, where he died in 1988. Konstantin's second son, Viktor Päts (1906–1952), died in

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emphasized the importance of education and commerce for the nationalist cause. The work was made difficult by the strict censorship policies imposed by the Russian Empire's governmental authorities.

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15 November] 1917 that the assembly was the only legally elected and constituted authority in Estonia. Since even the Council of Elders was too big to work underground, the three-membered

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A number of places and institutions in Estonia have been named after Konstantin Päts. Kentmanni street in Tallinn was named after Konstantin Päts in 1939–1940 and 1941–1944 and Lossi street in

1271:, Bolsheviks took control in Estonia and the Provincial Assembly was disbanded. After failing to give over official documents, Päts was arrested three times, until he finally went underground. 861:

Soviet Union invaded and occupied Estonia in June 1940. As president, he was forced to sign decrees for over a month, until being arrested and deported to Soviet Russia, where he died in 1956.

4994: 1251:, which took 13 of the 55 seats. Left- and right-wing politicians gained an equal number of seats in the Provincial Assembly, which made it difficult to appoint a speaker for the assembly. 1978:, who was imprisoned in Germany. After that, Päts remained quiet, while his son Viktor was certain that Nazi Germany would invade the Soviet Union and that he would soon be living abroad. 2340:

controversy has led to theories, that Päts was either a Soviet agent, a collaborator, took the Soviet invasion as inevitable or was just ill-minded and failed to deal with the situation.

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Päts was generally considered to be a rather "modest man" for a politician. He has been criticised for undue self-promotion: For example, during his own rule, he was awarded with several

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Soviet Union took a more aggressive interest in the Baltic countries, Estonia attempted to move closer to Germany in its foreign policy. This change was marked by the 1936 appointment of

1083:, but also between Jaan Tõnisson and Konstantin Päts personally for the position of leadership in the Estonian nationalist movement. Unlike the more nationalist and radically ideological 5444:

Petersburg, and Päts never remarried. His children were raised by his wife's unmarried sister Johana (Johanna) Wilhelmine Alexsandra Peedi. Konstantin Päts also had at least one godson.

2358:. Päts is even documented to have said to the Soviet ambassador that he was against politicians like Pusta and he desired to create a new constitution that would reduce the power of the 2309:

began the day before, on Päts's birthday. Päts was also the first and only person in interwar Estonia, who had postage stamps with his picture made and circulated, starting from 1936.

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that is placed in the cellar of a governmental building together with other former presidents. Periods of Päts's life as a side character were also portrayed in the television series

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of the centre-right nominated the candidacy of Konstantin Päts, who, however, lost by only one vote to the almost unknown Artur Vallner. At first, Päts chose not to join any of the

920:(1878–1958), and Peeter (1880–1942) – and a younger sister, Marianne (1888–1947). Since their mother Olga was raised in a wealthy Russian family, their father Jakob converted from 1574:

were both clearly more popular candidates than Päts in the public opinion. The campaign was accompanied by threats by the Vaps Movement to take power and rumours of a forthcoming

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as Prime Minister. On 5 May 1938, all political prisoners, mostly communists and members of the Vaps Movement, were given amnesty. There is no consensus, whether the so-called "

1160:("The St Petersburg Gazette"), although he still resided in Finland. In Ollila, he was reunited with his family, with whom he had parted when he escaped to Switzerland in 1905. 6993: 6409: 2775: 9440: 1484:, Farmers' Assemblies took 24 seats and Päts served his third term as State Elder from 12 February 1931 to 19 February 1932. It was an ideologically wide coalition with the 6187: 2099:

in 1939. In 1938, he became honorary member of the Estonian Naturalists' Society and the Estonian Institute of Natural Resources. He was also named honorary alumnus of the

2044:. His forced psychiatric hospitalization was justified by his "persistent claiming of being the President of Estonia". On 29 April 1952, Päts was found guilty according to 9460: 4913: 6943: 6923: 5290:

According to international law and the Estonian constitution, Päts's actions were of no effect from the beginning of the occupation, or at least from 21 June 1940, when

2305:. He was nominated honorary citizen of some larger Estonian towns and some parishes. During the years of his presidency, the official state celebrations of the Estonian 1515:, became the State Elder. On 3 October 1932, the coalition between the Union of Settlers and Smallholders and National Centre Party broke up, with the latter wanting to 955:. As Päts' father was unable to find a job in Tahkuranna, the family moved to a rental apartment in Pärnu in 1882. Three years later, Jakob bought himself some land in 7652: 5415:

In 1988, Estonians Henn Latt and Valdur Timusk decided to search for Konstantin Päts's remains in Russia. They reached Burashevo village, 15 km from Kalinin (now

1477:'s leftist government and Päts, among others, demanded changes in the constitution, a smaller parliament, a separate presidential office and fight against corruption. 1177:

complained about Päts's activity in Estonia in 1905 and pleaded for the government not to let him return. He was banned from living in the Governorates of Estonia and

1314:, the Minister of Internal Affairs, and the Minister of Commerce and Industry. The position of Minister of Commerce and Industry probably remained vacant in reality. 6564: 6297: 1786: 3384: 1771: 5501: 3066: 2072:

and continued as its honorary councillor from 1935. He also served as the chairman of the board of the Harju Bank and chairman of the Tallinn Exchange Committee.

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Päts with his family (from left): brother Nikolai, sister Marianna, father Jakob, brother Voldemar, mother Olga, brother Peeter, and Konstantin Päts (far right).

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in Estonia's radically parliamentarian system (1921–1922, 1923–1924, 1931–1932, 1932–1933, and 1933–1934). During his last term as State Elder, he organized a

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and led the first constitutional government cabinet. It was a centre-right coalition with three centrist parties. The cabinet fell soon after the centre-left

1129:. In the escalation of the revolution, his newspaper was closed and its staff members arrested. Päts found out about this in advance and managed to escape to 9430: 9365: 1743:

Regarding the 1934 constitution as too authoritarian, Päts organised the passing of a new constitution through a referendum and a constituent assembly. The

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of personal names was supported, the most prominent example being Minister of Internal Affairs Karl August Einbund, who changed his name to Kaarel Eenpalu.

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transaction fees. The transactions were kept secret and mostly only the Director of the Bank of Estonia in 1920–1921 and Minister of Finance in 1921–1922,

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and Jaan Tõnisson, sent a joint letter to Päts, demanding civil freedoms and restoration of democratic regime. Reluctance to restore democracy also caused

5492:(b. 1933) were sent to an orphanage in 1941 but were soon separated. They were united once a week, until Henn died of starvation in Matti's arms in 1944. 2535: 2442:

Konstantin Päts was relatively successful in internal politics. After adopting the constitution, his party was in all the government cabinets, except for

1720:, the Supreme Court lost many of its powers and was not able to observe the implementation of democratic principles in the country. Päts also founded the 3431: 3107: 9445: 7487: 9325: 2029: 1937:

the German ambassador that he did not believe Estonia would be Sovietized. On 21 July 1940, the new pro-Stalinist "parliament" proclaimed Estonia a "

1812:). Of its 80 members, 65 voted for Päts and 14 for Tõnisson. There were no opposition candidates, and no elections necessary, in the upper chamber ( 9390: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9370: 2362:. Through Päts, the Soviet Union is said to have gotten Pusta out of government cabinet and with him, also end the ideas of a united Baltic state. 1785:

were held. Opposition candidates were allowed to take part, however they were given little or no attention in the media. Päts's supporters in the

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in neighboring Latvia, but as he was in opposition and supported only by a small parliamentary minority, the then government decided to start the

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Päts was one of the first Estonians to become active in politics, and he then started a famous, nearly four-decade long, political rivalry with

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Between 1919 and 1933, Päts was chairman of the insurance company "Estonian Lloyd". From 1925 to 1929, Päts was chairman of the council of the

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Päts believed that a nation should be organized not by political views into parties, but by vocation into respective chambers, and a series of

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hydroelectric power plant to the German enterprise Siemens-Schuckert Werke that already had many projects in Russia and was influenced by it.

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was elected, but the Estonian Country People's Union won only 8 of the 120 seats, leaving the majority to centre-left parties. On 9 May 1919,

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On 25 February 1918, the German forces captured Tallinn. Konstantin Päts was arrested on 16 June 1918. He was sent to several prison camps in

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A state of emergency was declared and the Vaps Movement was disbanded, with about 400 members arrested, including the presidential candidate

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Other theories maintain that Päts trusted the Soviet officials and had befriended some of the Soviet leaders. It is also possible, that the

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Both Päts and Tõnisson, his predecessor as head of state, tried to control the Vaps Movement that was seen by democratic parties as a local

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took over as the first Prime Minister. In the summer of 1919, Päts opposed the Estonian intervention into the war against the Baltic German

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President until his death in 1956. From 1940 onward, his active duties went to the last pre-occupation Prime Minister Jüri Uluots, who let

2387: 1878: 1705:, because the Riigikogu was needed to pass real laws. The economy grew and the infrastructure, industry, and education were developed. The 1298:

When the Soviet Russian forces had finally evacuated from Tallinn and the German forces were advancing, the Salvation Committee issued the

1285: 9330: 4742: 4263: 3059: 2513: 2438:. Erected in 1939, it was removed by the Soviets in 1940. The statue was restored in 1989, exactly fifty years after it was first erected. 1566:

Päts was one of the candidates in the presidential elections that were supposed to be held in April 1934, but the Vaps Movement candidate

5132: 5113: 4852: 4659: 4357: 3942: 3478: 3191: 2853: 2700: 1548: 4935: 3799: 2715: 1411: 6147: 6093: 6058: 5376:, where Päts is portrayed as a true people's person, who was beloved by the entire nation and who was a thoroughly good person. In the 5344: 1748: 7321: 1793:. The president, who was yet to be elected, was also able to directly appoint into office 10 of the 40 members of the higher chamber, 1701:

The lack of organized opposition during the emergency made it easier for Päts to pass reforms. Päts ruled mostly through presidential

1407: 7438: 6990: 5767: 5582: 841:", many reforms were made and the economy grew, while he postponed the return of constitutional order. Largely supported by General 9405: 7030: 2234:

The gold exchange and big loans also boosted money circulation in Estonia, which created an illusion for the wider public that the

1752: 3370: 2528: 6239: 6184: 7396: 7354: 3052: 2256: 1274:

Since the Bolshevik rule in Estonia was relatively weak, the Council of Elders of the Maapäev declared on 28 November [

8781: 7202: 2419: 2114: 1539:

Lack of government stability led to several new constitution proposals, but only the third proposal by the right-wing populist

776: 129: 2708: 1114:, had managed to take control in the newspaper’s staff and publish anti-government articles, calling people for a revolution. 9355: 8772: 7839: 6211: 5809: 5185: 5050: 4795: 4590: 4420: 4005: 3572: 3248: 2910: 2186: 2144:

that was ratified on March 24, 1927. He also made unofficial visits to Finland in 1931, 1935 and 1937. President of Finland,

2141: 1950: 1181:

for six years. However, strong connections with Jaan Poska helped him return to Estonia, where he founded another newspaper,

6813: 4783: 4578: 2056:, Estonia. Recognition by the locals and too much attention resulted in him being sent to Burashevo psychiatric hospital in 8314: 8232: 7907: 7874: 7295: 5160: 4874: 4681: 4401: 4304: 3980: 3846: 3522: 3229: 2891: 1782: 1508: 1485: 1481: 1470: 1454: 1427: 1354: 1299: 1209: 764: 162: 6580: 1907:

The Soviet invaders allowed Päts to stay in office, but he was forced already on 21 June 1940 to appoint a new pro-Soviet

9410: 9345: 9251: 6946:. In "Foreign relations of the United States diplomatic papers, 1940. General". United States Department of State (1940). 6022: 5423:

cemetery on 21 October 1990. In 2011, a commemorative cross was placed in Burashevo village, where Päts was once buried.

5362:, where Päts's farmstead remains. The museum still exists, but the farmstead was returned to Päts's descendants in 1995. 5235: 5135: 4855: 4662: 4439: 4203: 4067: 4024: 3591: 3273: 2929: 2410:

punish the Estonians, he also continuously postponed the mobilization, which eventually never even took place, unlike in

1800:

On 23 April 1938, Konstantin Päts was elected and nominated a presidential candidate by both chambers of the parliament (

660: 3362: 2521: 9395: 5594: 1990:, sympathized with Germany, and announced that they were impatiently waiting for a German assault on the Soviet Union. 1938: 1497: 803: 591: 579: 2189:) as the Estonian ambassador to Germany On 3 December 1938, the Estonian government officially declared the country's 1869: 1666:

had criticized Päts's inability to bring the new constitution into effect. In July 1935, Tõnisson was ousted from the

9465: 9415: 9400: 9320: 8298: 7549: 7469: 6730: 6574: 5926: 5636: 5617: 2545: 2076: 1233: 749: 7799: 5910: 4524: 2106:

and honorary citizen of the cities of Tallinn, Narva, Pärnu, and Tartu, as well as of his native Tahkuranna Parish.

9335: 8364: 7861: 3044: 1954: 1728: 1721: 553: 9269: 7773: 4735: 4256: 1547:

on 14–16 October 1933. Päts was elected on 21 October 1933 to head the non-aligned transitional government to the

7047: 5711: 5688: 5568: 5561: 5540: 5509: 1901: 1501: 1307: 768: 701: 137: 119: 7707: 4928: 3792: 983:

Clerical Seminar in 1887–1892, but after deciding not to become a priest, he left for the high school in Pärnu.

9340: 1225: 6706: 2422:. As a lawyer, he also had to understand that his decisions were not valid when forced by an occupying power. 1511:

the newly formed Union of Settlers and Smallholders won 42 seats in Riigikogu and one of the party's leaders,

6563:

Karjahärm, Toomas (2002). ""Konstantin Pätsi poliitilised ideed"". In Arjakas, Küllo; Velliste, Anne (eds.).

2465: 2045: 1582:

and advised the government to take necessary action against the movement. Konstantin Päts then carried out a

1393: 1366: 1338: 1275: 1264: 1237: 1149: 1072: 968: 925: 857:

was adopted in 1938, after which Päts was elected the first President of Estonia. During his presidency, the

677: 7629: 7507: 1578:. In early March 1934, Päts's political opponent Jaan Tõnisson compared the Vaps Movement with the Nazis in 947:. After the petition, Jakob came into conflict with the local nobility and in 1873 he was forced to move to 9062: 8736: 8633: 8266: 7484: 6689: 5727: 5653: 5461: 5325: 5075: 5047: 5022: 4814: 4792: 4615: 4587: 4483: 4332: 4293: 4184: 4166: 4125: 3923: 3863: 3699: 3666: 3459: 3323: 3172: 2967: 2822: 2543: 2458: 2207: 2096: 2084: 2069: 1744: 1641: 1386: 1279: 1244: 795: 784: 760: 5058: 5036: 4517: 2730: 2398:

of non-aggression between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany may have come as a shock to the Päts cabinet.

704:, Päts remained formally in office for over a month, until he was forced to resign, imprisoned by the new 8357: 7870: 6366: 5658: 4720: 4509: 4241: 3950: 3777: 2395: 936: 6780: 6126: 4728: 4249: 1920:. This decree to change the law was unconstitutional, since the upper house of the Estonian parliament ( 1892:

In May 1940, Päts believed that the best option for Estonia would be to follow the Soviet leadership's (

9213: 6850: 5533: 5526: 2306: 1975: 1854: 1630: 1597:

was used as the head of state's summer residence by Päts. The buildings were destroyed in World War II.

1489: 1220:

forces were advancing on Estonia, Päts was able to avoid the mobilization. Since the control after the

1118: 730: 6906: 6797: 6298:"Eesti krooni devalveerimise vaevaline teekond, Kui kukkus maailma majandustala, inglise naelsterling" 4921: 3785: 9117: 9020: 8973: 8830: 8789: 8765: 8572: 8429: 8388: 8121: 7951: 7914: 7789:

Walter, Hannes. Eesti teenetemärgid. Estonian Orders and Decorations. Tallinn: SE&JS, 1998, p 236

7178: 5359: 4965: 4949: 4901: 3394: 2732: 1311: 780: 409: 7269: 5452:

around the Presidential Palace and to get into conversations with park workers. Konstantin Päts had

8880: 8380: 7079: 5554: 5439:

In 1901, Konstantin Päts married Wilhelma ("Helma") Ida Emilie Peedi (b. 1878), whom he had met in

5407: 2092: 1877:

After the beginning of World War II Estonia declared its neutrality, but was compelled to sign the

1747:

were to be the basis of forming the assembly. Its formation was approved (with 76% in favour) in a

1713: 3199: 2861: 684:

from 1938 to 1940. Päts was one of the most influential politicians of the independent democratic

5825: 5588: 1763: 1370: 1058: 916:

Konstantin had an older brother, Nikolai (1871–1940), three younger brothers – Paul (1876–1881),

846: 1716:

from Tartu to Tallinn in 1935, although all but one of the justices voted against it. After the

1442:

left the coalition because of Päts's right-wing policies and criticism of corruption within the

1041:

in 1891; Päts was planning to found his own in Tallinn. The first inspiration came from writers

8331: 8088: 8061: 8034: 8007: 7980: 7675: 5547: 5469: 4945: 4752: 4541: 4273: 3821: 3809: 1953:, and to appeal for protection and asylum in the United States for himself and his family. The 1447: 1423: 1248: 1178: 1174: 944: 940: 886: 807: 799: 734: 693: 585: 535: 231: 7459: 4822: 2005:

would pressure the Soviet Union to send him abroad. Eventually, Päts and his son were sent to

8239: 7239: 7034: 6155: 6101: 5715: 5210: 5094: 5003: 4893: 4833: 4764: 4700: 4634: 4553: 4458: 4382: 4365: 4313: 4285: 4141: 4110: 3961: 3874: 3855: 3757: 3732: 3710: 3685: 3647: 3622: 3541: 3503: 3440: 3406: 3342: 3304: 3210: 3141: 3116: 3088: 3024: 3005: 2986: 2948: 2872: 2803: 2784: 2744: 2680: 2661: 2642: 2623: 2604: 2585: 2557: 2247: 2145: 2137: 2121: 2049: 1645: 1458: 1439: 1189: 995: 6144: 6090: 6055: 1933: 1504:

by four centrist parties. Päts's cabinet resigned, making Jaan Teemant the new State Elder.

909:

reportedly by the Razumovsky family, where her adoptive father at one time was the mayor of

9310: 9305: 8758: 8710: 8692: 8619: 8199: 2118: 2100: 1897: 1827: 1402: 1111: 1057:

views. Instead, they used the help of Päts as an unknown lawyer with an affiliation in the

681: 48: 7578: 1941:" and it is claimed that only then did Päts realize the essence of the Soviet occupation. 1932:), with voters being presented with a single list of Communists and fellow travellers. On 680:

11 February] 1874 – 18 January 1956) was an Estonian statesman and the country's

8: 8054: 8017: 5801:

Toward an Understanding of Europe: A Political Economic Précis of Continental Integration

5771: 5199: 5174: 4979: 4447: 4428: 4409: 4218: 4082: 4013: 3392: 2500: 2443: 2355: 2277:

While Päts has been seen by some as a politician who "destroyed democracy" with the 1934

2262: 2156: 1695: 1622: 1512: 1256: 1221: 1126: 956: 827: 745: 685: 641: 356: 300: 2140:

nations, namely Finland and Hungary, and was on the board that wrote the statute of the

2052:. Forced treatment was ended in 1954 and Päts was sent to a psychoneurology hospital in 8705: 7724: 7613: 5385: 5333: 5121: 3312: 2956: 2235: 2103: 1987: 1873:

Destruction of Konstantin Päts' statue in Tahkuranna after the Soviet invasion in 1940.

1493: 1268: 1136: 798:, Päts led one of the more prominent right-wing parties of the time – the conservative 756: 7052: 7002: 6131: 5870: 5373: 3549: 3156: 2251:

Strandman became Minister of Finance in 1924. He implemented his New Economic Policy (

2160: 775:

regime for several months in 1918. In the provisional government, Päts also served as

7835: 7465: 6726: 6570: 6207: 5805: 5742: 5632: 5613: 2430: 2390:

on 28 September 1939 and he did not even once try to find more suitable compromises.

2088: 1908: 1122: 890: 726: 531: 7566: 5683: 3074: 2344: 1971: 9227: 9085: 8715: 8667: 8156: 5513: 5390: 5380: 4953: 4863: 4708: 4099: 2631: 2327: 2302: 1775: 1690:

in the autumn of 1936, which led to clashes with the police and disbandment of the

1524: 1153: 1054: 991: 987: 976: 906: 897:

The father of Konstantin, Jakob (Jaagup) Päts (1842–1909), was a housebuilder from

850: 705: 455: 8958: 8923: 8865: 8855: 8557: 8522: 8464: 8454: 8341: 8081: 8071: 4841: 4689: 4648: 4598: 4567: 4561: 3765: 3350: 2242:

were in a good situation. It was only in December 1923 when former Prime Minister

1805: 1663: 1252: 1192:. During the war, he also organized the cooperation between Estonians and liberal 1032: 1023:

In Tallinn, Konstantin Päts started his career as an assistant at the advocacy of

917: 716: 368: 9078: 8750: 8660: 8276: 8027: 7961: 7866: 7659: 7633: 7511: 7491: 7445: 6997: 6967: 6722: 6191: 6151: 6097: 6062: 6026: 5914: 5799: 5678: 5431: 5395: 5352: 5280: 5168: 3492: 3288: 2688: 2223:, and the State Elder in 1921–1922, Konstantin Päts, knew of these transactions. 2212: 2190: 1706: 1691: 1656: 1532: 1443: 1046: 737:, where he continued his literary work. He returned to Estonia (then part of the 9179: 8913: 8512: 3467: 1422:

In September 1919, Päts formed a new political party, the agrarian-conservative

1369:

left Konstantin Päts with little power in composing the land reform law and the

1247:(Maapäev) was elected; Päts joined and became one of the leading figures of the 9239: 9194: 9126: 9035: 9029: 8948: 8933: 8908: 8850: 8547: 8532: 8507: 8449: 8178: 7746: 6972: 6677: 6019: 5668: 5663: 5481: 5295: 5291: 5224: 5218: 4604: 4346: 3931: 3448: 3237: 3076: 2837: 2351: 2323: 2243: 2228: 2182: 2169: 2133: 2057: 2022: 2006: 2002: 1912: 1882: 1858: 1838: 1834: 1817: 1762:

Päts giving a speech on the 20th anniversary of the Republic of Estonia at the

1606: 1571: 1520: 1397: 1282:

was formed on 19 February 1918; and Konstantin Päts became one of its members.

1204: 1100: 842: 838: 783:(1918–1919) that left him in charge of organizing the Estonian military in the 738: 220: 88: 74: 9040: 8646: 8209: 5448:

also took part in. He was also known to take long walks in the morning in the

5365:

Päts has been portrayed in literature, one of the best known is the satirical

3655: 2612: 2322:

In 2017, a memorial to Päts was planned for the park on the south side of the

2293:

According to some historians however, Päts and his close allies used the 1934

2025:

was prisoner No. 11, Konstantin Päts No. 12 and Viktor No. 13.

1886: 1862: 1133:, only to find out that he had been condemned to death in the Russian Empire. 102: 9299: 9144: 9099: 8681: 6939: 6203: 5575: 5465: 5420: 5329: 5011: 4803: 4491: 3561: 3554: 3124: 2937: 2650: 2378:, the Soviet Union increased economic cooperation with Estonian enterprises. 2282: 2239: 2203: 1983: 1958: 1925: 1917: 1736: 1540: 1217: 1193: 1165: 1121:, Päts was already an activist on self-government reform, where he supported 1003: 910: 869: 830: 788: 208:

Himself as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Provisional Government

118:

Johannes Vares as Prime Minister in duties of the President (during the

9184: 9092: 8674: 8349: 7879: 7653:"FOTOD: Venemaal asetati Konstantin Pätsi kunagise haua juurde mälestusrist" 7391: 7389: 7387: 5714:

and has therefore not been recognized as a prime minister of Estonia by the

5508:

and Tallinn city council. He was even seen as a potential candidate for the

5489: 2830: 2752: 1329: 1259:, but eventually joined the most right-wing Democratic group. Päts replaced 849:, Päts ruled as Prime Minister in duties of the State Elder (1934–1937) and 9174: 9154: 8943: 8918: 8700: 8542: 8517: 8259: 8044: 7800:"Triju Zvaigžņu ordenim 90: apbalvojuma dzimšana, nebūšanas un pārvērtības" 5673: 5411:

Konstantin and Helma Päts' graves in Tallinn Metsakalmistu cemetery (2019).

5249: 5143: 4772: 4670: 4623: 4466: 4390: 4321: 4173: 3969: 3907: 3835: 3331: 2975: 2406: 2402: 2335:

base and this is definitely a problem — it was a problem back then as well.

2220: 1683: 1679: 1602: 1586:

on 12 March 1934. He was supported by general Johan Laidoner and the army.

1579: 1567: 1463: 1169: 1042: 943:

to remove the (what they considered oppressive) aristocratic privileges of

689: 557: 333: 109: 9149: 9133: 8819: 8418: 7741: 7608: 7322:"President Kaljulaid not in favor of building monument to Konstantin Päts" 5867:

Pimeduse katte all leidis teenekas mees viimase puhkepaiga abikaasa kõrval

5340: 5320:

in 1945, presidential duties went to the oldest member of Tief's cabinet,

4750: 4539: 4271: 3807: 3746: 2206:

have drawn significant criticism. In 1920–1922 Estonia had more extensive

1853:

Estonia's leaders before the Soviet occupation, celebrating the country's

9189: 9169: 9164: 9002: 8601: 8479: 8291: 8249: 7384: 5907: 5468:, in a prime location just outside Tallinn. Currently located within the 5279:

Päts's ideology went through major changes during his career. During the

5102: 4642: 3636: 3630: 3580: 2792: 2593: 2367: 1849: 1516: 1435: 1290: 1260: 1130: 921: 815: 463: 440: 7595: 7582: 6776: 6774: 6522: 6520: 6495: 6493: 6480: 6478: 6393: 6391: 2053: 1644:

were thus introduced, following in big part the example of contemporary

9106: 9071: 8928: 8898: 8843: 8806: 8720: 8653: 8527: 8497: 8442: 8405: 8324: 8000: 7990: 6928:

Foreign relations of the United States diplomatic papers, 1940. General

5979: 5977: 5975: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5497: 5321: 5255: 4882: 4192: 4039: 3882: 3599: 3530: 3511: 3414: 3261: 3218: 3180: 3096: 2899: 2880: 2759: 2669: 2435: 2418:

in 1939–1940. Under international law a war would have invalidated the

2401:

Another theory suggests, that Päts knew of the outbreaking war between

2041: 1671: 1563:

several thousand members of the army to secede from the Vaps Movement.

1474: 1024: 972: 948: 636: 267: 32: 9286: 1844: 1434:

and from 25 January 1921 to 21 November 1922, Konstantin Päts was the

9159: 9139: 9051: 8888: 8870: 8487: 8469: 7973: 7693: 6771: 6517: 6490: 6475: 6388: 5505: 5368: 5351:

rose cultivar named after him and the flowers are being grown in the

5317: 5310: 5083: 4156: 4049: 3988: 3895: 3486: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2471: 2415: 2359: 2278: 2037: 1822: 1808:

was the only opposition candidate in the parliament's lower chamber (

1675: 1583: 1492:. On 26 January 1932, Farmers' Assemblies and the left wing-agrarian 1431: 1325:, Poland. He was released at the end of the war on 17 November 1918. 1229: 1037: 858: 834: 823: 753: 697: 255: 5972: 5836: 905:

Tumanova; 1847–1914), was an orphan who had been raised as a native

696:(equivalent to both president and prime minister). He carried out a 9436:

Recipients of the Military Order of the Cross of the Eagle, Class I

8860: 8459: 7663: 5453: 5449: 5377: 3606: 1993: 1378: 1349: 1145: 932: 898: 882: 759:. On 19 February 1918, Päts became one of the three members of the 748:

in 1917, Päts headed the provincial government of the newly formed

7439:"VIDEO: Ennetähtaegsed Riigivolikogu valimised 14–15. juulil 1940" 7026: 7024: 6944:"The Acting Secretary of State to the Chargé in Estonia (Leonard)" 5440: 2354:" that was propagated by the Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs 2167:

In 1933, Päts also made a state visit to Latvia and the treaty of

2048:

of the Penal Code, which meant counter-revolutionary sabotage and

1303: 1099:

Päts's first political goal was to take power in the towns, where

952: 928:. The children were all brought up in strong Orthodox traditions. 7638: 7626: 7504: 6206:& Stöver, P. (2010). "Elections in Europe: A data handbook", 5945: 5943: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5284: 2290:). as well as the moderate wing of the Estonian Socialist Party. 2151: 2083:

Päts received honorary doctorates from Tartu University in 1928,

2018: 1924:) had been dissolved and never reconvened. The new Soviet-styled 1885:

and 25,000 troops in Estonia. On 12 October 1939, Päts appointed

1758: 1263:

as chairman of the provincial government on 25 October [

1106: 1067: 1007: 878: 721: 2132:

In 1918, Päts made an informal proposal for an Estonian-Finnish

2060:(now Tver Oblast), where he eventually died on 18 January 1956. 1944: 1781:

On 1 January 1938, the new constitution came into force and the

1361: 1302:

on 24 February 1918 (the declaration had also been delivered to

1156:. There he became one of the editors for the Estonian newspaper 725:, later through politics. Although Päts was sentenced to death ( 9451:

Recipients of the Protection of Natural Amenities Medal, Rank I

7355:"Ajaloolase väitel müüs Päts end 4000 dollari eest venelastele" 7296:"Kaljulaid's disagreement with Päts memorial supported by EKRE" 7021: 5485: 2411: 2178: 2010: 1893: 1702: 1555: 1337:

multiple portfolios in the government, much of the work in the

1322: 1318: 1075:

10 October] 1901, starting a rivalry not only between

7609:"Esimese presidendi viimne teekond kodumulda algas uskumatult" 7203:"Pätsi ringkond laenas tühjaks Vabadussõja-järgse Eesti Panga" 5932: 5500:

and returned in 1955. Matti Päts has been the director of the

5316:

in 1944, before the Soviet reoccupation. After Uluots died in

5268: 2050:

anti-Soviet and counter-revolutionary propaganda and agitation

1755:

were boycotted by the opposition in most electoral districts.

9245: 7461:

Identity and Continuity of States in Public International Law

7234: 7232: 6961:"Moskva salatoimikud: President Konstantin Päts ja tema pere" 6234: 6232: 5328:

in 1953. The last Prime Minister in duties of the President,

2313: 2216: 2125: 2033: 2014: 1904:

of the entire territory of Estonia followed on 17 June 1940.

1687: 1594: 1417: 1382: 1288:

forces evacuating, the Salvation Committee wanted to use the

1028: 999: 7857:

Konstantin Päts on official site of the President of Estonia

7397:"Soome ajaloolane: President Päts oli kaastöötaja ja pettur" 6828:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. pp. 468–470. 1527:. Päts himself was one of the key opponents of devaluation. 1446:. After stepping down as head of government, Päts served as 1199: 733:, he was able to flee abroad, first to Switzerland, then to 177:

Himself as Prime Minister of the Provisional Government

7760: 7197: 7195: 7193: 7191: 6924:"The Chargé in Estonia (Leonard) to the Secretary of State" 6901: 6899: 6244: 5416: 2382: 1804:) as well as by the Assembly of Municipal Representatives. 1006:. After rejecting an academic career in Tartu, he moved to 980: 709: 487:

Himself as Prime Minister in duties of the State Elder

402:

Himself as Prime Minister in duties of the State Elder

7229: 6229: 2505: 2091:(in India) in 1938, along with honorary membership of the 1857:

for the last time, on 24 February 1940. From left General

1826:) on the same day, 24 April 1938, thus becoming the first 1589: 1306:, where it was proclaimed on 23 February). Instantly, the 7373: 7371: 7369: 7367: 7349: 7347: 7345: 7343: 5770:. MTÜ Konstantin Pätsi Muuseum. p. 3. Archived from 5488:

on 4 March 1952. Viktor's sons Henn (Enn; 1936–1944) and

5472:, the farmstead has been returned to Päts's descendants. 1967: 1787:

National Front for the Implementation of the Constitution

7188: 6896: 6362: 6360: 6358: 6056:"23. ja 24. veebruar 1918: kuidas iseseisvust kuulutati" 5332:, handed over his credentials to the incoming President 7952:

Prime Minister of the Provisional Government of Estonia

7166:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 453. 7154:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 417. 7142:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 378. 7130:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 418. 7118:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 389. 7106:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 349. 7068:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 240. 6840:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 483. 6768:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 440. 6756:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 432. 6744:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 423. 6652:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 421. 6640:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 405. 6628:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 437. 6616:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 416. 6604:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 410. 6553:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 465. 6541:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 449. 6514:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 420. 6502:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 406. 6487:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 390. 6472:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 401. 6460:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 399. 6448:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 394. 6436:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 392. 6424:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 391. 6400:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 283. 6385:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 381. 6352:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 377. 6340:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 375. 6328:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 380. 6316:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 364. 6284:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 354. 6272:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 319. 6260:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 298. 6226:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 246. 6116:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 175. 6081:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 168. 6045:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 158. 5962: 5960: 5958: 5862: 5860: 5858: 5856: 5850:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 383. 2558:

Chairman and Executive of the Administrative Department

1949:

On 21 July 1940, Päts sent his son Viktor to visit the

7364: 7340: 7018:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2004. P. 62. 6991:"Kohus kuulutas Konstantin Pätsi poja Viktori surnuks" 6956: 6954: 6952: 6893:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2004. P. 16. 6881:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2004. P. 15. 6869:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2004. P. 28. 6529:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 434 6010:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 95. 5998:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 54. 5986:. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. P. 27. 5358:

A museum of Konstantin Päts was set up in 1991 in the

1328:

After the Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers

9211: 7494:. Estonica. Entsüklopeedia Eestist, 14 December 2015. 7448:. Estonica. Entsüklopeedia Eestist, 14 December 2015. 6410:"Pätsi ja Laidoneri riigipööre, Vaikiva Ajastu algus" 6355: 6013: 5927:

Tahkuranna Jumalaema Uinumise apostliku-õigeusu kirik

986:

From 1894 to 1898, he attended the Faculty of Law of

9441:

Recipients of the Order of the National Coat of Arms

6680:. Meie parlament ja aeg, retrieved 14 December 2015. 6566:

Konstantin Pätsi tegevusest : artiklite kogumik

5955: 5853: 2148:

visited Päts in Estonia twice, in 1934 and in 1936.

1426:, which was based on the Country People's Union. In 771:(1918–1919), although he was also imprisoned by the 741:), and had to serve a prison sentence in 1910–1911. 9461:

Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)

6949: 5818: 2215:received about 2/3 of the at least 30 million gold 2063: 1845:

1939–1940: World War II, Soviet invasion of Estonia

8780: 6240:"Otto Strandman manitseb tänaseid eelarvetegijaid" 2343:One of the more prominent modern critics of Päts, 2193:in the event of any military conflicts in Europe. 1670:board. In October 1936, four former State Elders, 967:Konstantin Päts was born on 23 February [ 802:, which eventually merged into another party, the 7774:"Konservatiivid näeksid presidendina Matti Pätsi" 6292: 6290: 2281:, many Estonians today understand the threat the 1789:won 64 of the 80 seats in the lower chamber, the 1381:invaded Estonia and conquered the border city of 1344: 1071:("The Gazette") came out on 23 October [ 901:, near Viljandi. Konstantin's mother, Olga Päts ( 105:as Prime Minister in duties of the President 9297: 1466:of the Farmers' Assemblies was the State Elder. 1027:, but the job was not satisfactory for Päts. In 7708:"Valitsus pole arutanud Meri laenu kustutamist" 7174: 7172: 6986: 6984: 6982: 1861:, President Konstantin Päts and Prime Minister 1365:Weak representation in the left wing dominated 1152:, which was located at the Russian border near 979:Orthodox parish school. Later, he attended the 752:, which was forced to go underground after the 7832:President Konstantin Päts: Eesti ja Soome teed 7525:Kilde Põltsamaast ja tema lähiümbruse ajaloost 7485:"Katse taastada Eesti iseseisvus 1944. aastal" 7255:Hurt, Vambola. "Eesti postmarkide kavandeid". 6287: 5967:Eesti ajalugu elulugudes: 101 tähtsat eestlast 5294:forced him to appoint a puppet cabinet led by 2643:Executive of the Labour and Welfare Department 1500:, only to be followed by the formation of the 1353:Päts gave the first traditional speech at the 1295:before the German occupation had also failed. 1208:Konstantin Päts was one of the authors of the 1035:had already founded his nationalist newspaper 719:— first through journalism with his newspaper 112:as President after restoration of independence 9421:Heads of government who were later imprisoned 8766: 8379: 8365: 7884: 7505:A Rambling Dictionary of Tallinn Street Names 6816:. Histrodamus.ee, retrieved 14 December 2015. 6194:. Histrodamus.ee, retrieved 14 December 2015. 5626: 5607: 5504:since 1991; he has also been a member of the 4929: 4736: 4525: 4257: 3793: 3378: 3060: 2716: 2529: 2434:Statue for Konstantin Päts in his birthplace 1945:Deportation to Soviet Russia and imprisonment 1655:attempt (the "Estonia plot", named after the 935:. Päts' father Jakob was one of the Estonian 9431:Recipients of the Cross of Liberty (Estonia) 9366:Members of the Estonian Constituent Assembly 7169: 6979: 6412:. Histrodamus.ee, retrieved 1 December 2014. 5627:Päts, Konstantin; Karjahärm, Toomas (2001). 5608:Päts, Konstantin; Karjahärm, Toomas (1999). 2662:Executive of the Monetary Affairs Department 2030:forced treatment in psychoneurotic hospitals 1168:in Saint Petersburg, while his wife died of 700:on 12 March 1934. After the 16–17 June 1940 313:12 February 1931 – 19 February 1932 151:24 February 1918 – 12 November 1918 16:Estonian statesman and president (1874–1956) 9456:Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of Vasa 9426:Prisoners and detainees of the Soviet Union 9361:Members of the Estonian Provincial Assembly 7550:Presidendililled kuldavad Rüütli roosiaeda" 7427:Tundmatu Konstantin Päts. // Eesti riik II. 6930:, United States Department of State (1940). 6707:"Noored, raputage endilt hirm tehnika ees!" 6169:"3. jaanuari hommikul 1920 lõppes ..." 5710:Vares was prime minister under the illegal 4950:Prime Minister in Duties of the State Elder 2745:Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers 2326:, but the country's president at the time, 1430:, the party won 21 seats in the 100-member 1321:, until he was finally placed in a camp in 1310:was formed; and Konstantin Päts became the 939:farmers, who in 1865 petitioned to Emperor 889:. The family name "Päts" means a "loaf" in 692:he also served five times as the country's 428:24 January 1934 – 3 September 1937 245:25 January 1921 – 21 November 1922 8773: 8759: 8372: 8358: 7689:"Seaduse täitmisel ja ees peavad ..." 7567:"MTÜ Konstantin Pätsi Muuseumi arengulugu" 7379:Tundmatu Konstantin Päts. // Eesti riik II 6690:"Päts viis Riigikohtu vägisi ära Tallinna" 6663:"Mis seal salata, olen rahul, et ..." 5765: 5355:in Tallinn, near the presidential palace. 4936: 4922: 4743: 4729: 4532: 4518: 4264: 4250: 3800: 3786: 3385: 3371: 3067: 3053: 2723: 2709: 2536: 2522: 2350:Ilmjärv claims that Päts was against any " 2316:for homeless people and other "asocials". 1770:On 28 July 1937, the assembly adopted the 1418:1918–1940: Independent Republic of Estonia 381:21 October 1933 – 24 January 1934 31: 9446:Recipients of the Order of the White Star 7867:Newspaper clippings about Konstantin Päts 6562: 5908:"Eesti esimene president Konstantin Päts" 5902: 5900: 1200:1917–1918: Autonomy and German occupation 1094: 702:Soviet invasion and occupation of Estonia 9326:Eastern Orthodox Christians from Estonia 7917:of the Provisional Government of Estonia 7539:. Tallinna Konstantin Pätsi Vabaõhukool. 7414:Konstantin Päts. Poliitika- ja riigimees 6367:"Vapsid alahindasid Pätsi meelekindlust" 5898: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5886: 5884: 5882: 5880: 5430: 5406: 2429: 2388:Soviet–Estonian Mutual Assistance Treaty 2261: 2150: 2113: 1992: 1879:Soviet–Estonian Mutual Assistance Treaty 1868: 1848: 1757: 1727: 1588: 1377:On 28 November 1918, the Soviet Russian 1360: 1348: 1232:, the provisional government formed the 1203: 1135: 868: 8240:Minister of Internal Affairs of Estonia 7829: 6781:"Presidendi valimine läbi Eesti ajaloo" 2586:Executive of the Agriculture Department 1712:Päts also signed a decree to bring the 1049:, who could not get a licence from the 833:. He was supported by the army and the 814:) (1922–1923) and served five times as 620: 1901; died 1910) 415:in duties of the State Elder of Estonia 9298: 7416:. Noor-Eesti kirjastus, Tartu. P. 176. 6907:"Etendus riigipöördest: kulminatsioon" 6678:"V Riigikogu 15.06.1932 – 02.10.1934." 6569:. Tallinn: Museum of Konstantin Päts. 6185:"Konstantin Päts Eesti peaministrina." 5793: 5791: 5789: 2873:Minister of Finance and State Treasury 2624:Executive of the Healthcare Department 2506:Government cabinets of Konstantin Päts 2312:In 1938, Päts created a labor camp in 1928:were held only for the lower chamber ( 1450:from 20 November 1922 to 7 June 1923. 1267:12 October] 1917. During the 1140:Ensign officer Konstantin Päts in 1917 1010:in 1900, to start a political career. 996:Russian 96th Infantry Regiment of Omsk 688:, and during the two decades prior to 476:3 September 1937 – 9 May 1938 346:1 November 1932 – 18 May 1933 280:2 August 1923 – 26 March 1924 197:12 November 1918 – 8 May 1919 8754: 8353: 8299:Chairman of the Provincial Government 7883: 7457: 7429:; Ilmamaa, Tartu, 2001. P. 11, 13–14. 6798:"Päts sai presidendiks paari päevaga" 5877: 5804:. Universal-Publishers. p. 393. 5741: 5706: 5704: 4917: 4724: 4513: 4245: 3781: 3366: 3117:Minister of Agriculture and Nutrition 3048: 2785:Minister of Agriculture and Nutrition 2704: 2681:Executive of the Nutrition Department 2605:Executive of the Education Department 2546:Chairman of the Provincial Government 2517: 2504: 2142:World Congress of Finno-Ugric Peoples 1997:Konstantin Päts as a Soviet prisoner. 1881:on 28 September 1939 to allow Soviet 1110:, a group of revolutionaries, led by 994:After graduation, Päts served in the 503:Kaarel Eenpalu as Prime Minister 61:24 April 1938 – 23 July 1940 9351:Ministers of the interior of Estonia 9252: 7944:Chairman of the Council of Ministers 7915:Chairman of the Council of Ministers 5969:. Olion. Tallinn, 1997. pp. 112–113. 5797: 5759: 5726:1940–1944 in Estonia; since 1944 as 5200:Karl August Einbund / Kaarel Eenpalu 4980:Karl August Einbund / Kaarel Eenpalu 3733:Minister of Swedish-minority Affairs 3711:Minister of Russian-minority Affairs 3025:Minister of Swedish-minority Affairs 3006:Minister of Russian-minority Affairs 2733:Chairman of the Council of Ministers 2109: 1448:President (speaker) of the Riigikogu 1312:Chairman of the Council of Ministers 1300:Estonian Declaration of Independence 1210:Estonian Declaration of Independence 765:Estonian Declaration of Independence 9391:Members of the Riigikogu, 1932–1934 9386:Members of the Riigikogu, 1929–1932 9381:Members of the Riigikogu, 1926–1929 9376:Members of the Riigikogu, 1923–1926 9371:Members of the Riigikogu, 1920–1923 5786: 5631:. Eesti mõttelugu. Tartu: Ilmamaa. 5612:. Eesti mõttelugu. Tartu: Ilmamaa. 5435:Konstantin Päts and his wife Helma. 3686:Minister of German-minority Affairs 2987:Minister of German-minority Affairs 2155:President Konstantin Päts visiting 2028:On 24 March 1943, Päts was sent to 1889:as a new, moderate Prime Minister. 767:on 24 February 1918. He headed the 607:Wilhelma ("Helma") Ida Emilie Peedi 13: 7822: 7381:; Ilmamaa, Tartu, 2001. pp. 27–28. 7270:"Päts saatis kodutud töölaagrisse" 7077: 7071: 6851:"Poliitiline eliit ja need teised" 6715: 6197: 5701: 5595:Order of the National Coat of Arms 5583:Order of the National Coat of Arms 2330:, criticised the decision, saying: 1498:Union of Settlers and Smallholders 1341:was delegated to higher officers. 804:Union of Settlers and Smallholders 592:Union of Settlers and Smallholders 14: 9477: 7850: 5464:. His farmstead, however, was in 4286:Minister of Commerce and Industry 3875:Minister of Commerce and Industry 3542:Minister of Industry and Commerce 2804:Minister of Commerce and Industry 2077:Estonian Sports Association Kalev 1951:United States' embassy in Tallinn 1486:Estonian Socialist Workers' Party 1234:autonomous Governorate of Estonia 750:Autonomous Governorate of Estonia 185:Provisional Government of Estonia 138:Provisional Government of Estonia 9278: 9261: 9233: 9221: 8818: 8417: 7792: 7783: 7766: 7753: 7734: 7717: 7700: 7681: 7676:Wilhelma Ida Emilie Päts (Peedi) 7669: 7645: 7620: 7601: 7589: 7572: 7559: 7542: 7530: 7517: 7497: 7478: 7451: 7432: 7419: 7406: 7179:"Sünge raamat 1930ndate Eestist" 7048:"Matti Päts Tallinna linnapeaks" 6145:Valitsus 12.11.1918 - 27.11.1918 6091:Valitsus 24.02.1918 - 12.11.1918 5512:by the conservative wing of the 5426: 5287:during his authoritarian years. 4993: 4782: 4577: 4303: 3845: 3430: 3106: 2774: 2575: 2070:Chamber of Commerce and Industry 2064:Commercial and social activities 1753:1936 National Assembly elections 971:11 February] 1874 near 659: 9406:Estonian independence activists 9331:Farmers' Assemblies politicians 7569:. MTÜ Konstantin Pätsi Muuseum. 7464:. Librairie Droz. p. 386. 7314: 7288: 7276:(in Estonian). 22 November 2004 7262: 7259:, no. 32, 1988. pp. 41–49. 7249: 7212: 7157: 7145: 7133: 7121: 7109: 7097: 7059: 7040: 7009: 6933: 6916: 6884: 6872: 6860: 6843: 6831: 6819: 6807: 6790: 6759: 6747: 6735: 6723:A History of Fascism, 1914–1945 6699: 6683: 6671: 6655: 6643: 6631: 6619: 6607: 6595: 6556: 6544: 6532: 6505: 6463: 6451: 6439: 6427: 6415: 6403: 6376: 6343: 6331: 6319: 6307: 6275: 6263: 6251: 6217: 6178: 6161: 6138: 6119: 6107: 6084: 6072: 6048: 6036: 6001: 5989: 5920: 5689:European interwar dictatorships 5600: 5569:Order of the Cross of the Eagle 5562:Order of the Estonian Red Cross 5541:Order of the Estonian Red Cross 5389:Päts is portrayed as a talking 3758:Minister Plenipotentiary Abroad 2075:Päts was among the founders of 1621:In August 1934, Päts appointed 1385:, marking the beginning of the 1308:Estonian Provisional Government 1249:Estonian Country People's Union 990:, from which he graduated as a 820:equivalent to that of president 769:Estonian Provisional Government 617: 9316:People from Häädemeeste Parish 8782:Heads of government of Estonia 6814:"Uue põhiseaduse vastuvõtmine" 6721:Payne, Stanley George (1995). 5743:[ˈkons.tɑnʲ.tinˈpætʲs] 5732: 5720: 5475: 4440:Minister of Labour and Welfare 4068:Minister of Labour and Welfare 3592:Minister of Labour and Welfare 3274:Minister of Labour and Welfare 2930:Minister of Labour and Welfare 2453:Membership in the parliament: 1902:Soviet invasion and occupation 1833:On 9 May 1938, Päts appointed 1642:state corporative institutions 1345:1918–1920: War of Independence 1226:Russian Provisional Government 931:The family initially lived in 877:Päts' parents originated from 651:Lawyer, journalist, politician 229:2nd, 4th, 11th, 14th and 16th 1: 8301:of the Governorate of Estonia 8124:of the State Elder of Estonia 7946:of the Provisional Government 7932:of the Provisional Government 7742:"Sugupuu kui süüdistuse alus" 5752: 2466:Estonian Constituent Assembly 2267: 2257:communist coup d'état attempt 1394:Estonian Constituent Assembly 1018: 962: 926:Eastern Orthodox Christianity 9356:Defence ministers of Estonia 8977:in Duties of the State Elder 8576:in Duties of the State Elder 8151:in duties of the State Elder 8104:in duties of the State Elder 7627:"Kuidas leiti K. Pätsi põrm" 7240:"Härra presidendi sünnipäev" 6127:"Konstantin Pätsi vanglaelu" 5654:Estonian War of Independence 5462:Estonian War of Independence 5326:Estonian Government in Exile 5186:Minister of Internal Affairs 4421:Minister of Internal Affairs 4294:Bernhard Aleksander Rostfeld 4167:Bernhard Aleksander Rostfeld 4126:Bernhard Aleksander Rostfeld 4006:Minister of Internal Affairs 3864:Bernhard Aleksander Rostfeld 3700:Hermann Georg Willibald Koch 3573:Minister of Internal Affairs 3249:Minister of Internal Affairs 2911:Minister of Internal Affairs 2459:Estonian Provincial Assembly 2266:Päts in diplomatic uniform ( 2196: 2097:Estonian Academy of Sciences 2085:Tallinn Technical University 1955:Acting US Secretary of State 1820:in front of the parliament ( 1783:1938 parliamentary elections 1646:corporatism in Fascist Italy 1570:and even lieutenant general 1387:Estonian War of Independence 1280:Estonian Salvation Committee 1245:Estonian Provincial Assembly 1051:Ministry of Internal Affairs 777:Minister of Internal Affairs 761:Estonian Salvation Committee 7: 8793:of the Council of Ministers 8392:of the Council of Ministers 8157:President-Regent of Estonia 7871:20th Century Press Archives 7763:. Kool.ee, 29 October 2007. 7016:XX sajandi kroonika, II osa 6922:Leonard, Walter A. (1940). 6891:XX sajandi kroonika, II osa 6879:XX sajandi kroonika, II osa 6867:XX sajandi kroonika, II osa 5659:Occupation of Baltic states 5647: 5581:1938 – Special sash of the 5305:Legally, Päts remained the 5161:Minister of Foreign Affairs 4875:Minister of Foreign Affairs 4682:Minister of Foreign Affairs 4402:Minister of Foreign Affairs 3981:Minister of Foreign Affairs 3523:Minister of Foreign Affairs 3393:3rd Provisional Cabinet of 3230:Minister of Foreign Affairs 3075:2nd Provisional Cabinet of 2892:Minister of Foreign Affairs 2731:1st Provisional Cabinet of 1722:Tallinn Technical Institute 1626:censorship was introduced. 1357:parade on 24 February 1919. 464:President-Regent of Estonia 10: 9482: 9411:University of Tartu alumni 9346:Prime ministers of Estonia 8637:in Duties of the President 8332:President of the Riigikogu 8267:Minister of War of Estonia 8215:in duties of the President 7579:Kes on pehmed ja karvased? 7164:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 7152:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 7140:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 7128:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 7116:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 7104:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 7066:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6838:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6826:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6766:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6754:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6742:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6650:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6638:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6626:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6614:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6602:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6551:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6539:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6527:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6512:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6500:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6485:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6470:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6458:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6446:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6434:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6422:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6398:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6383:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6350:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6338:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6326:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6314:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6282:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6270:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6258:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6224:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6114:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6079:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6043:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 6008:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 5996:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 5984:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 5848:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa 5510:2001 Presidential election 5402: 5236:Minister of Social Affairs 4991: 4301: 3843: 3428: 3343:Minister without portfolio 3104: 2772: 1976:Communist Party of Germany 731:Russian Revolution of 1905 9396:Speakers of the Riigikogu 9116: 9061: 9019: 9001: 8972: 8879: 8829: 8815: 8788: 8729: 8691: 8632: 8618: 8600: 8571: 8478: 8428: 8414: 8387: 8381:Heads of State of Estonia 8338: 8329: 8321: 8307: 8296: 8288: 8283: 8273: 8264: 8256: 8246: 8237: 8225: 8220: 8206: 8197: 8187: 8175: 8163: 8154: 8142: 8130: 8119: 8109: 8095: 8086: 8078: 8068: 8059: 8051: 8041: 8032: 8024: 8014: 8005: 7997: 7987: 7978: 7970: 7958: 7949: 7937: 7923: 7912: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885:Links to related articles 7761:"Eesti esimene president" 7220:President Konstantin Päts 5519: 5360:Tallinn Botanical Gardens 5234: 5209: 5184: 5159: 5131: 5112: 5093: 5074: 5046: 5021: 5002: 4964: 4902:Leopold Johannes Johanson 4892: 4873: 4851: 4832: 4813: 4791: 4780: 4763: 4699: 4680: 4658: 4633: 4614: 4586: 4575: 4552: 4482: 4457: 4438: 4419: 4400: 4381: 4356: 4331: 4312: 4284: 4202: 4183: 4140: 4109: 4066: 4023: 4004: 3979: 3960: 3941: 3922: 3873: 3854: 3820: 3756: 3731: 3709: 3684: 3665: 3646: 3621: 3590: 3571: 3540: 3521: 3502: 3477: 3458: 3439: 3405: 3341: 3322: 3303: 3272: 3247: 3228: 3209: 3190: 3171: 3140: 3115: 3087: 3023: 3004: 2985: 2966: 2947: 2928: 2909: 2890: 2871: 2852: 2821: 2802: 2783: 2743: 2679: 2660: 2641: 2622: 2603: 2584: 2573: 2556: 2511: 2425: 1939:Soviet Socialist Republic 1896:'s) guidelines until the 1240:30 March] 1917. 1185:("The Tallinn Gazette"). 1013: 864: 808:Speaker of the Parliament 712:, where he died in 1956. 667: 655: 647: 635: 627: 601: 572: 564: 542: 518: 513: 509: 492: 480: 469: 462: 447: 432: 421: 410:Prime Minister of Estonia 407: 395: 385: 374: 362: 350: 339: 327: 317: 306: 294: 284: 273: 261: 249: 238: 228: 213: 201: 190: 182: 170: 155: 144: 128: 94: 65: 54: 46: 42: 30: 23: 9466:Burials at Metsakalmistu 9416:Inmates of Kresty Prison 9401:Estonian anti-communists 9321:People from Kreis Pernau 9063:Prime ministers in exile 8122:Prime Minister in duties 7830:Turtola, Martti (2003). 7658:24 December 2013 at the 7596:Tuulepealne maa (2008– ) 7490:22 December 2015 at the 7458:Marek, Krystyna (1968). 6996:13 December 2013 at the 6966:24 December 2013 at the 5694: 5555:Order of the Three Stars 2093:Learned Estonian Society 1224:was in the hands of the 945:Baltic German landowners 837:. During the 1934–1938 " 9336:State Elders of Estonia 7412:Laaman, Eduard (1940). 6190:7 November 2017 at the 6025:17 October 2013 at the 5739:Estonian pronunciation: 5589:Order of the White Star 5004:Minister of Agriculture 4765:Minister of Agriculture 4554:Minister of Agriculture 4314:Minister of Agriculture 3856:Minister of Agriculture 3441:Minister of Agriculture 2396:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 2124:and Konstantin Päts in 1974:, former leader of the 1764:Freedom Square, Tallinn 1490:Estonian People's Party 847:Estonian Defence Forces 676:(23 February [ 8277:Otto August Strandmann 8089:State Elder of Estonia 8062:State Elder of Estonia 8035:State Elder of Estonia 8028:Otto August Strandmann 8008:State Elder of Estonia 7981:State Elder of Estonia 7962:Otto August Strandmann 6150:11 August 2014 at the 6096:11 August 2014 at the 5798:Ertl, Alan W. (2008). 5578:, Grand Cross (Sweden) 5548:Order of Bishop Platon 5502:Estonian Patent Office 5470:Tallinn Botanic Garden 5436: 5412: 3724:Aleksei Sorokin (1919) 2544:Provincial Cabinet of 2439: 2337: 2274: 2177:In late 1930s, as the 2164: 2129: 1998: 1874: 1866: 1767: 1740: 1735:. Portrait of Päts by 1651:On 7 December 1935, a 1629:In February 1935, the 1598: 1374: 1358: 1236:on 12 April [ 1213: 1175:Governorate of Estonia 1141: 1095:Early political career 941:Alexander II of Russia 887:Governorate of Livonia 874: 806:in 1932. Päts was the 708:, and deported to the 580:Country People's Union 536:Governorate of Livonia 232:State Elder of Estonia 223:as Prime Minister 183:Prime Minister of the 165:, position established 9341:Presidents of Estonia 8733:later Soviet prisoner 8315:Independence declared 8233:Independence declared 8182:Deputy Prime Minister 7908:Independence declared 7834:. Tallinn: Tänapäev. 7035:Museum of Occupations 6156:Government of Estonia 6102:Government of Estonia 6031:Meie parlament ja aeg 5716:Government of Estonia 5593:1938 – Collar of the 5587:1938 – Collar of the 5434: 5410: 5133:Minister of Education 5114:Minister of Education 4986:Prime Minister; 1938) 4966:Deputy Prime Minister 4853:Minister of Education 4660:Minister of Education 4366:Aleksander Veidermann 4358:Minister of Education 4111:Minister of Nutrition 3943:Minister of Education 3623:Minister of Nutrition 3479:Minister of Education 3449:Otto August Strandman 3407:Deputy Prime Minister 3238:Otto August Strandman 3200:Peeter Siegfried Põld 3192:Minister of Education 3089:Deputy Prime Minister 2862:Peeter Siegfried Põld 2854:Minister of Education 2838:Otto August Strandman 2433: 2332: 2265: 2253:uus majanduspoliitika 2248:Estonian Labour Party 2154: 2146:Pehr Evind Svinhufvud 2122:Pehr Evind Svinhufvud 2117: 2021:. In Butyrka prison, 1996: 1872: 1852: 1761: 1731: 1592: 1502:National Centre Party 1488:and the centre-right 1459:Otto August Strandman 1440:Estonian Labour Party 1398:Otto August Strandman 1364: 1352: 1207: 1144:In 1906, he moved to 1139: 872: 796:1920s and early 1930s 757:coup in November 1917 538:, Russian Empire 500:Himself as President; 163:Independence declared 8200:President of Estonia 7632:20 July 2011 at the 7523:Kull, Helle (1993). 7510:26 June 2011 at the 6787:, 22 September 2001. 6248:, 12 September 2008. 6135:, 18 September 1999. 5768:"Eesti Riigivanemad" 5557:, 1st Class (Latvia) 5051:and Internal Affairs 4796:and Internal Affairs 4591:and Internal Affairs 3552:(1918–1919) (deputy 3142:Minister of Commerce 2119:President of Finland 1828:President of Estonia 1733:Man with Decorations 1367:Constituent Assembly 1257:parliamentary groups 1002:and was promoted an 853:(1937–1938) until a 132:Council of Ministers 49:President of Estonia 8737:Government in exile 8221:Government offices 8055:Karl August Einbund 8018:Friedrich Karl Akel 7896:Government offices 7706:Roosväli, Küllike. 7697:, 23 December 1995. 7642:, 11 November 2010. 7586:, 14 February 2008. 7444:23 May 2017 at the 7246:, 21 February 2003. 7185:, 20 February 2003. 7080:"History 1927-1940" 6069:, 23 February 2008. 6061:1 July 2011 at the 5913:15 May 2011 at the 5826:"Riigikogu juhatus" 5774:on 24 December 2013 5766:Lees, Elle (2006). 5336:on 8 October 1992. 5175:Friedrich Karl Akel 5095:Minister of Economy 5076:Minister of Defence 4834:Minister of Economy 4823:Aleksander Tõnisson 4815:Minister of Defence 4635:Minister of Economy 4616:Minister of Defence 4448:Friedrich Karl Akel 4429:Karl August Einbund 4410:Friedrich Karl Akel 4383:Minister of Finance 4219:Karl August Einbund 4204:Minister of Welfare 4083:Karl August Einbund 4014:Karl August Einbund 3962:Minister of Finance 3504:Minister of Finance 3211:Minister of Finance 2444:Friedrich Karl Akel 2356:Kaarel Robert Pusta 2046:§ 58-14 and § 58-10 2013:and Helgi-Alice to 1696:University of Tartu 1623:Karl August Einbund 1549:second constitution 1513:Karl August Einbund 1496:merged to form the 1424:Farmers' Assemblies 1392:In April 1919, the 1222:February Revolution 1127:Baltic governorates 845:, Commander of the 828:right-wing populist 800:Farmers' Assemblies 785:War of Independence 746:February Revolution 686:Republic of Estonia 642:University of Tartu 586:Farmers' Assemblies 560:, Soviet Union 554:Kalininsky District 357:Karl August Einbund 301:Friedrich Karl Akel 8284:Political offices 7731:, 15 October 2001. 7725:"Tarbetu kingitus" 7723:Pullerits, Priit. 7714:, 11 October 2001. 7617:, 18 January 2011. 7403:, 10 October 2002. 6696:, 14 January 2005. 6668:, 29 October 1996. 6583:on 13 January 2014 6175:, 18 January 1996. 5728:president in exile 5437: 5413: 5386:Pehmed ja karvased 5334:Lennart Georg Meri 5244:office nonexistant 5194:office nonexistant 5136:and Social Affairs 5122:Aleksander Jaakson 5031:office nonexistant 4856:and Social Affairs 4663:and Social Affairs 4212:office nonexistant 4033:office nonexistant 4025:Minister of Labour 3822:Deputy State Elder 3313:Ferdinand Peterson 2957:Ferdinand Peterson 2440: 2420:Tartu Peace Treaty 2275: 2236:economy of Estonia 2165: 2130: 2104:Fraternitas Estica 2015:Gulag prison camps 1999: 1988:Vyacheslav Molotov 1875: 1867: 1772:third constitution 1768: 1745:corporate chambers 1741: 1599: 1556:National Socialist 1543:was accepted in a 1412:first constitution 1375: 1359: 1269:October Revolution 1214: 1142: 875: 826:to neutralise the 556:, Kalinin Oblast, 9209: 9208: 9203: 9202: 8978: 8794: 8748: 8747: 8348: 8347: 8339:Succeeded by 8308:Succeeded by 8274:Succeeded by 8247:Succeeded by 8207:Succeeded by 8176:Succeeded by 8164:Succeeded by 8131:Succeeded by 8096:Succeeded by 8069:Succeeded by 8042:Succeeded by 8015:Succeeded by 7988:Succeeded by 7959:Succeeded by 7924:Succeeded by 7841:978-9985-62-117-2 7780:, 5 January 2001. 7556:, 18 August 2003. 7503:Hamilton, Simon. 7328:. 20 January 2017 7302:. 21 January 2017 7218:Turtola, Martti; 6976:, 9 October 2011. 6804:, 9 October 2001. 6661:Alatalu, Toomas. 6212:978-3-8329-5609-7 5929:. Puhkaeestis.ee. 5811:978-1-59942-983-0 5712:Soviet occupation 5324:, who formed the 5314:form a government 5276: 5275: 5265: 5264: 5211:Minister of Roads 5048:Minister of Court 5023:Minister of Court 4911: 4910: 4894:Minister of Roads 4793:Minister of Court 4718: 4717: 4701:Minister of Roads 4588:Minister of Court 4507: 4506: 4459:Minister of Roads 4333:Minister of Court 4239: 4238: 4142:Minister of Roads 3924:Minister of Court 3775: 3774: 3648:Minister of Roads 3460:Minister of Court 3360: 3359: 3305:Minister of Roads 3173:Minister of Court 3042: 3041: 2949:Minister of Roads 2823:Minister of Court 2698: 2697: 2303:state decorations 2110:Foreign relations 2089:Andhra University 1909:puppet government 1898:German-Soviet war 1371:1920 constitution 1212:in February 1918. 1158:Peterburi Teataja 1123:national autonomy 1055:social democratic 1053:because of their 773:German occupation 671: 670: 558:Russian SFSR 532:Tahkuranna Parish 120:Soviet occupation 9473: 9291: 9283: 9282: 9281: 9274: 9266: 9265: 9264: 9254: 9238: 9237: 9236: 9226: 9225: 9224: 9217: 9003:President-Regent 8976: 8823: 8822: 8792: 8775: 8768: 8761: 8752: 8751: 8638: 8602:President-Regent 8577: 8422: 8421: 8393: 8374: 8367: 8360: 8351: 8350: 8322:Preceded by 8289:Preceded by 8257:Preceded by 8226:Preceded by 8194:President-Regent 8188:Preceded by 8143:Preceded by 8137:President-Regent 8110:Preceded by 8079:Preceded by 8052:Preceded by 8025:Preceded by 7998:Preceded by 7971:Preceded by 7938:Preceded by 7901:Preceded by 7893: 7892: 7881: 7880: 7845: 7816: 7815: 7813: 7811: 7796: 7790: 7787: 7781: 7770: 7764: 7757: 7751: 7738: 7732: 7721: 7715: 7704: 7698: 7685: 7679: 7673: 7667: 7651:Kapov, Jevgeni. 7649: 7643: 7624: 7618: 7605: 7599: 7593: 7587: 7576: 7570: 7563: 7557: 7548:Aasmäe, Anneli. 7546: 7540: 7534: 7528: 7521: 7515: 7501: 7495: 7482: 7476: 7475: 7455: 7449: 7436: 7430: 7423: 7417: 7410: 7404: 7393: 7382: 7375: 7362: 7351: 7338: 7337: 7335: 7333: 7318: 7312: 7311: 7309: 7307: 7292: 7286: 7285: 7283: 7281: 7266: 7260: 7257:Eesti Filatelist 7253: 7247: 7236: 7227: 7216: 7210: 7199: 7186: 7176: 7167: 7161: 7155: 7149: 7143: 7137: 7131: 7125: 7119: 7113: 7107: 7101: 7095: 7094: 7092: 7090: 7075: 7069: 7063: 7057: 7056:, 23 March 2001. 7044: 7038: 7028: 7019: 7013: 7007: 7006:, 13 March 2001. 6988: 6977: 6958: 6947: 6937: 6931: 6920: 6914: 6903: 6894: 6888: 6882: 6876: 6870: 6864: 6858: 6847: 6841: 6835: 6829: 6823: 6817: 6811: 6805: 6794: 6788: 6778: 6769: 6763: 6757: 6751: 6745: 6739: 6733: 6719: 6713: 6703: 6697: 6687: 6681: 6675: 6669: 6659: 6653: 6647: 6641: 6635: 6629: 6623: 6617: 6611: 6605: 6599: 6593: 6592: 6590: 6588: 6579:. Archived from 6560: 6554: 6548: 6542: 6536: 6530: 6524: 6515: 6509: 6503: 6497: 6488: 6482: 6473: 6467: 6461: 6455: 6449: 6443: 6437: 6431: 6425: 6419: 6413: 6407: 6401: 6395: 6386: 6380: 6374: 6373:, 12 March 2004. 6364: 6353: 6347: 6341: 6335: 6329: 6323: 6317: 6311: 6305: 6296:Pruuli, Jaanus. 6294: 6285: 6279: 6273: 6267: 6261: 6255: 6249: 6236: 6227: 6221: 6215: 6201: 6195: 6182: 6176: 6165: 6159: 6142: 6136: 6125:Arjakas, Küllo. 6123: 6117: 6111: 6105: 6088: 6082: 6076: 6070: 6054:Arjakas, Küllo. 6052: 6046: 6040: 6034: 6017: 6011: 6005: 5999: 5993: 5987: 5981: 5970: 5964: 5953: 5947: 5930: 5924: 5918: 5904: 5875: 5864: 5851: 5845: 5834: 5833: 5822: 5816: 5815: 5795: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5763: 5746: 5745: 5740: 5736: 5730: 5724: 5718: 5708: 5642: 5623: 5534:Cross of Liberty 5527:Cross of Liberty 5514:Pro Patria Union 5381:political satire 4997: 4954:President-Regent 4938: 4931: 4924: 4915: 4914: 4864:Hugo Villi Kukke 4786: 4745: 4738: 4731: 4722: 4721: 4709:Aleksander Oinas 4581: 4534: 4527: 4520: 4511: 4510: 4307: 4266: 4259: 4252: 4243: 4242: 4230:office abolished 4164:; 1921) (deputy 4100:Christjan Kaarna 4057:office abolished 4047:; 1921) (deputy 3849: 3802: 3795: 3788: 3779: 3778: 3434: 3387: 3380: 3373: 3364: 3363: 3110: 3069: 3062: 3055: 3046: 3045: 2778: 2725: 2718: 2711: 2702: 2701: 2632:Konstantin Konik 2579: 2538: 2531: 2524: 2515: 2514: 2502: 2501: 2328:Kersti Kaljulaid 2307:Independence Day 2272: 2269: 2187:foreign minister 2157:Polish president 2095:in 1938 and the 1855:Independence Day 1776:President-Regent 1631:Patriotic League 1525:Great Depression 1355:Independence Day 1183:Tallinna Teataja 1154:Saint Petersburg 988:Tartu University 977:Russian language 855:new constitution 851:President-Regent 763:that issued the 706:Stalinist regime 663: 621: 619: 549: 529:23 February 1874 528: 526: 514:Personal details 495: 483: 474: 456:President-Regent 450: 435: 426: 417: 416: 398: 388: 379: 365: 353: 344: 330: 320: 311: 297: 287: 278: 264: 252: 243: 234: 216: 204: 195: 186: 173: 158: 149: 140: 133: 130:Chairman of the 97: 68: 59: 35: 21: 20: 9481: 9480: 9476: 9475: 9474: 9472: 9471: 9470: 9296: 9295: 9294: 9284: 9279: 9277: 9267: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9253:sister projects 9250:at Knowledge's 9248:Konstantin Päts 9244: 9234: 9232: 9222: 9220: 9212: 9210: 9205: 9204: 9199: 9118:Prime ministers 9112: 9057: 9021:Prime ministers 9015: 8997: 8975: 8968: 8875: 8831:Prime ministers 8825: 8824: 8817: 8813: 8791: 8784: 8779: 8749: 8744: 8741:President-elect 8725: 8687: 8636: 8635: 8634:Prime Ministers 8628: 8614: 8596: 8575: 8574: 8567: 8474: 8430:Prime Ministers 8424: 8423: 8416: 8412: 8391: 8390: 8383: 8378: 8344: 8335: 8327: 8317: 8313: 8304: 8300: 8294: 8279: 8270: 8262: 8252: 8243: 8235: 8231: 8216: 8214: 8212: 8203: 8195: 8193: 8183: 8181: 8171: 8169: 8160: 8152: 8150: 8148: 8138: 8136: 8127: 8123: 8117: 8115: 8105: 8103: 8101: 8092: 8084: 8074: 8065: 8057: 8047: 8038: 8030: 8020: 8011: 8003: 7993: 7984: 7976: 7966: 7964: 7955: 7947: 7945: 7943: 7933: 7931: 7929: 7920: 7916: 7910: 7906: 7886: 7853: 7848: 7842: 7825: 7823:Further reading 7820: 7819: 7809: 7807: 7798: 7797: 7793: 7788: 7784: 7771: 7767: 7759:Kallas, Vaino. 7758: 7754: 7740:Joosep, Elmar. 7739: 7735: 7722: 7718: 7705: 7701: 7687:Saare, Herold. 7686: 7682: 7674: 7670: 7666:, 10 June 2011. 7660:Wayback Machine 7650: 7646: 7634:Wayback Machine 7625: 7621: 7606: 7602: 7594: 7590: 7577: 7573: 7564: 7560: 7547: 7543: 7535: 7531: 7522: 7518: 7512:Wayback Machine 7502: 7498: 7492:Wayback Machine 7483: 7479: 7472: 7456: 7452: 7446:Wayback Machine 7437: 7433: 7424: 7420: 7411: 7407: 7394: 7385: 7376: 7365: 7361:, 6 April 2003. 7352: 7341: 7331: 7329: 7320: 7319: 7315: 7305: 7303: 7294: 7293: 7289: 7279: 7277: 7268: 7267: 7263: 7254: 7250: 7237: 7230: 7226:, 2003. P. 187. 7217: 7213: 7200: 7189: 7177: 7170: 7162: 7158: 7150: 7146: 7138: 7134: 7126: 7122: 7114: 7110: 7102: 7098: 7088: 7086: 7076: 7072: 7064: 7060: 7053:Eesti Päevaleht 7045: 7041: 7029: 7022: 7014: 7010: 7003:Eesti Päevaleht 6998:Wayback Machine 6989: 6980: 6968:Wayback Machine 6959: 6950: 6938: 6934: 6921: 6917: 6913:, 21 July 2005. 6905:Vahtre, Lauri. 6904: 6897: 6889: 6885: 6877: 6873: 6865: 6861: 6848: 6844: 6836: 6832: 6824: 6820: 6812: 6808: 6795: 6791: 6779: 6772: 6764: 6760: 6752: 6748: 6740: 6736: 6720: 6716: 6712:, 14 June 2001. 6704: 6700: 6688: 6684: 6676: 6672: 6660: 6656: 6648: 6644: 6636: 6632: 6624: 6620: 6612: 6608: 6600: 6596: 6586: 6584: 6577: 6561: 6557: 6549: 6545: 6537: 6533: 6525: 6518: 6510: 6506: 6498: 6491: 6483: 6476: 6468: 6464: 6456: 6452: 6444: 6440: 6432: 6428: 6420: 6416: 6408: 6404: 6396: 6389: 6381: 6377: 6365: 6356: 6348: 6344: 6336: 6332: 6324: 6320: 6312: 6308: 6304:, 26 June 1997. 6295: 6288: 6280: 6276: 6268: 6264: 6256: 6252: 6237: 6230: 6222: 6218: 6202: 6198: 6192:Wayback Machine 6183: 6179: 6167:Parming, Tõnu. 6166: 6162: 6152:Wayback Machine 6143: 6139: 6132:Eesti Päevaleht 6124: 6120: 6112: 6108: 6098:Wayback Machine 6089: 6085: 6077: 6073: 6063:Wayback Machine 6053: 6049: 6041: 6037: 6027:Wayback Machine 6018: 6014: 6006: 6002: 5994: 5990: 5982: 5973: 5965: 5956: 5952:. President.ee. 5950:Konstantin Päts 5948: 5933: 5925: 5921: 5915:Wayback Machine 5906:Kallas, Vaino. 5905: 5878: 5874:, 4 March 2005. 5871:Pärnu Postimees 5865: 5854: 5846: 5837: 5824: 5823: 5819: 5812: 5796: 5787: 5777: 5775: 5764: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5749: 5738: 5737: 5733: 5725: 5721: 5709: 5702: 5697: 5679:Antanas Smetona 5650: 5645: 5639: 5620: 5603: 5522: 5478: 5429: 5405: 5396:Tuulepealne maa 5374:Andrus Kivirähk 5347:Staatspräsident 5281:1905 Revolution 5277: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5261: 5230: 5205: 5180: 5169:Julius Seljamaa 5155: 5127: 5108: 5089: 5070: 5042: 5017: 4998: 4989: 4960: 4957:Konstantin Päts 4944:5th Cabinet of 4942: 4912: 4907: 4888: 4869: 4847: 4828: 4809: 4787: 4778: 4759: 4756:Konstantin Päts 4751:4th Cabinet of 4749: 4719: 4714: 4695: 4676: 4654: 4629: 4610: 4582: 4573: 4548: 4545:Konstantin Päts 4540:3rd Cabinet of 4538: 4508: 4503: 4484:Minister of War 4478: 4453: 4434: 4415: 4396: 4377: 4352: 4327: 4308: 4299: 4280: 4277:Konstantin Päts 4272:2nd Cabinet of 4270: 4240: 4235: 4198: 4185:Minister of War 4179: 4136: 4105: 4062: 4019: 4000: 3975: 3956: 3937: 3918: 3869: 3850: 3841: 3816: 3813:Konstantin Päts 3808:1st Cabinet of 3806: 3776: 3771: 3752: 3727: 3705: 3680: 3675:Konstantin Päts 3667:Minister of War 3661: 3642: 3617: 3586: 3567: 3550:Nikolai Köstner 3536: 3517: 3498: 3493:Harald Laksberg 3473: 3454: 3435: 3426: 3401: 3398:Konstantin Päts 3391: 3361: 3356: 3337: 3324:Minister of War 3318: 3299: 3289:Aleksander Tulp 3268: 3259:(1918) (deputy 3257:Konstantin Päts 3243: 3224: 3205: 3186: 3167: 3157:Nikolai Köstner 3136: 3111: 3102: 3083: 3080:Konstantin Päts 3073: 3043: 3038: 3019: 3000: 2981: 2968:Minister of War 2962: 2943: 2924: 2919:Konstantin Päts 2905: 2886: 2867: 2848: 2817: 2798: 2779: 2770: 2739: 2736:Konstantin Päts 2729: 2699: 2694: 2689:Gustav Linkvist 2675: 2656: 2637: 2618: 2599: 2580: 2571: 2566:Konstantin Päts 2552: 2549:Konstantin Päts 2542: 2507: 2494:1932–1934/1937 2428: 2319: 2270: 2213:Bank of Estonia 2199: 2161:Ignacy Mościcki 2112: 2066: 1947: 1847: 1707:Estonianization 1692:student council 1657:Estonia Theatre 1533:grand coalition 1494:Settlers' Party 1444:Bank of Estonia 1420: 1347: 1339:Ministry of War 1202: 1196:estate owners. 1119:1905 Revolution 1112:Hans Pöögelmann 1097: 1059:Orthodox Church 1047:A. H. Tammsaare 1021: 1016: 965: 907:Russian-speaker 867: 781:Minister of War 674:Konstantin Päts 623: 615: 611: 608: 597: 573:Political party 551: 547: 546:18 January 1956 530: 524: 522: 504: 501: 493: 481: 475: 470: 448: 433: 427: 422: 414: 412: 396: 386: 380: 375: 363: 351: 345: 340: 328: 318: 312: 307: 295: 285: 279: 274: 262: 250: 244: 239: 230: 214: 202: 196: 191: 184: 171: 156: 150: 145: 136: 131: 123: 115: 113: 106: 95: 87: 86: 66: 60: 55: 38: 26: 25:Konstantin Päts 17: 12: 11: 5: 9479: 9469: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9293: 9292: 9275: 9246: 9243: 9242: 9230: 9207: 9206: 9201: 9200: 9198: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9130: 9122: 9120: 9114: 9113: 9111: 9110: 9103: 9096: 9089: 9082: 9075: 9067: 9065: 9059: 9058: 9056: 9055: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9025: 9023: 9017: 9016: 9014: 9013: 9007: 9005: 8999: 8998: 8996: 8995: 8988: 8982: 8980: 8974:Prime Minister 8970: 8969: 8967: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8941: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8885: 8883: 8877: 8876: 8874: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8835: 8833: 8827: 8826: 8816: 8814: 8812: 8811: 8798: 8796: 8786: 8785: 8778: 8777: 8770: 8763: 8755: 8746: 8745: 8743: 8742: 8739: 8734: 8730: 8727: 8726: 8724: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8697: 8695: 8689: 8688: 8686: 8685: 8678: 8671: 8664: 8657: 8650: 8642: 8640: 8630: 8629: 8624: 8622: 8616: 8615: 8613: 8612: 8606: 8604: 8598: 8597: 8595: 8594: 8587: 8581: 8579: 8573:Prime Minister 8569: 8568: 8566: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8484: 8482: 8476: 8475: 8473: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8434: 8432: 8426: 8425: 8415: 8413: 8411: 8410: 8397: 8395: 8385: 8384: 8377: 8376: 8369: 8362: 8354: 8346: 8345: 8340: 8337: 8328: 8323: 8319: 8318: 8309: 8306: 8295: 8290: 8286: 8285: 8281: 8280: 8275: 8272: 8263: 8258: 8254: 8253: 8248: 8245: 8236: 8227: 8223: 8222: 8218: 8217: 8213:Prime Minister 8208: 8205: 8196: 8189: 8185: 8184: 8179:Kaarel Eenpalu 8177: 8173: 8172: 8165: 8162: 8153: 8149:Prime Minister 8144: 8140: 8139: 8132: 8129: 8118: 8111: 8107: 8106: 8102:Prime Minister 8097: 8094: 8085: 8080: 8076: 8075: 8070: 8067: 8058: 8053: 8049: 8048: 8043: 8040: 8031: 8026: 8022: 8021: 8016: 8013: 8004: 7999: 7995: 7994: 7989: 7986: 7977: 7972: 7968: 7967: 7965:Prime Minister 7960: 7957: 7948: 7939: 7935: 7934: 7930:Prime Minister 7925: 7922: 7911: 7902: 7898: 7897: 7891: 7888: 7887: 7878: 7877: 7864: 7859: 7852: 7851:External links 7849: 7847: 7846: 7840: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7818: 7817: 7791: 7782: 7765: 7752: 7747:Kultuur ja Elu 7733: 7716: 7699: 7680: 7668: 7644: 7619: 7607:Haav, Margus. 7600: 7588: 7571: 7558: 7541: 7529: 7516: 7496: 7477: 7470: 7450: 7431: 7418: 7405: 7395:Virki, Tarmo. 7383: 7363: 7339: 7313: 7287: 7261: 7248: 7228: 7211: 7209:, 16 May 2003. 7187: 7168: 7156: 7144: 7132: 7120: 7108: 7096: 7078:Prozes, Jaak. 7070: 7058: 7046:Udam, Valter. 7039: 7020: 7008: 6978: 6973:Eesti Ekspress 6948: 6940:Welles, Sumner 6932: 6915: 6895: 6883: 6871: 6859: 6857:, 22 May 2001. 6849:Tiitma, Mikk. 6842: 6830: 6818: 6806: 6789: 6770: 6758: 6746: 6734: 6714: 6698: 6682: 6670: 6654: 6642: 6630: 6618: 6606: 6594: 6575: 6555: 6543: 6531: 6516: 6504: 6489: 6474: 6462: 6450: 6438: 6426: 6414: 6402: 6387: 6375: 6354: 6342: 6330: 6318: 6306: 6286: 6274: 6262: 6250: 6228: 6216: 6196: 6177: 6160: 6137: 6118: 6106: 6083: 6071: 6047: 6035: 6012: 6000: 5988: 5971: 5954: 5931: 5919: 5876: 5852: 5835: 5817: 5810: 5785: 5757: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5748: 5747: 5731: 5719: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5691: 5686: 5684:Kārlis Ulmanis 5681: 5676: 5671: 5669:Johan Laidoner 5666: 5664:Kaarel Eenpalu 5661: 5656: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5643: 5637: 5624: 5618: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5597: 5591: 5585: 5579: 5572: 5565: 5558: 5551: 5544: 5537: 5530: 5521: 5518: 5482:Butyrka prison 5477: 5474: 5428: 5425: 5404: 5401: 5391:bust sculpture 5296:Johannes Vares 5292:Andrei Zhdanov 5274: 5273: 5267: 5263: 5262: 5260: 5259: 5253: 5247: 5240: 5238: 5232: 5231: 5229: 5228: 5225:Nikolai Viitak 5222: 5219:Otto Sternbeck 5215: 5213: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5203: 5197: 5190: 5188: 5182: 5181: 5179: 5178: 5172: 5165: 5163: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5153: 5150:office divided 5147: 5140: 5138: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5125: 5118: 5116: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5106: 5099: 5097: 5091: 5090: 5088: 5087: 5080: 5078: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5068: 5065:office divided 5062: 5055: 5053: 5044: 5043: 5041: 5040: 5034: 5027: 5025: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5015: 5008: 5006: 5000: 4999: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4987: 4977: 4970: 4968: 4962: 4961: 4941: 4940: 4933: 4926: 4918: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4905: 4898: 4896: 4890: 4889: 4887: 4886: 4879: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4867: 4860: 4858: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4845: 4838: 4836: 4830: 4829: 4827: 4826: 4819: 4817: 4811: 4810: 4808: 4807: 4800: 4798: 4789: 4788: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4776: 4769: 4767: 4761: 4760: 4748: 4747: 4740: 4733: 4725: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4712: 4705: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4693: 4686: 4684: 4678: 4677: 4675: 4674: 4667: 4665: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4652: 4646: 4639: 4637: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4627: 4620: 4618: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4608: 4605:Johan Reinhold 4602: 4595: 4593: 4584: 4583: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4571: 4565: 4558: 4556: 4550: 4549: 4537: 4536: 4529: 4522: 4514: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4501: 4495: 4488: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4476: 4470: 4463: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4452: 4451: 4444: 4442: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4432: 4425: 4423: 4417: 4416: 4414: 4413: 4406: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4395: 4394: 4387: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4375: 4369: 4362: 4360: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4350: 4347:Rudolf Gabriel 4344: 4337: 4335: 4329: 4328: 4326: 4325: 4318: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4297: 4290: 4288: 4282: 4281: 4269: 4268: 4261: 4254: 4246: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4233: 4227: 4215: 4208: 4206: 4200: 4199: 4197: 4196: 4189: 4187: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4177: 4171: 4153: 4146: 4144: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4134: 4122: 4115: 4113: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4103: 4097: 4094:office divided 4091: 4079: 4072: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4060: 4054: 4036: 4029: 4027: 4021: 4020: 4018: 4017: 4010: 4008: 4002: 4001: 3999: 3998: 3992: 3985: 3983: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3973: 3966: 3964: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3954: 3951:Heinrich Bauer 3947: 3945: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3935: 3932:Jaak Reichmann 3928: 3926: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3916: 3904: 3892: 3886: 3879: 3877: 3871: 3870: 3868: 3867: 3860: 3858: 3852: 3851: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3839: 3833: 3826: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3805: 3804: 3797: 3790: 3782: 3773: 3772: 3770: 3769: 3762: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3750: 3744: 3737: 3735: 3729: 3728: 3726: 3725: 3722: 3715: 3713: 3707: 3706: 3704: 3703: 3697: 3690: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3678: 3671: 3669: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3659: 3652: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3641: 3640: 3634: 3627: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3615: 3603: 3596: 3594: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3584: 3577: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3566: 3565: 3559: 3546: 3544: 3538: 3537: 3535: 3534: 3527: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3515: 3508: 3506: 3500: 3499: 3497: 3496: 3490: 3483: 3481: 3475: 3474: 3472: 3471: 3464: 3462: 3456: 3455: 3453: 3452: 3445: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3424: 3418: 3411: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3395:Prime Minister 3390: 3389: 3382: 3375: 3367: 3358: 3357: 3355: 3354: 3347: 3345: 3339: 3338: 3336: 3335: 3328: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3316: 3309: 3307: 3301: 3300: 3298: 3297: 3285: 3278: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3267: 3266: 3253: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3241: 3234: 3232: 3226: 3225: 3223: 3222: 3215: 3213: 3207: 3206: 3204: 3203: 3196: 3194: 3188: 3187: 3185: 3184: 3177: 3175: 3169: 3168: 3166: 3165: 3153: 3146: 3144: 3138: 3137: 3135: 3134: 3128: 3121: 3119: 3113: 3112: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3100: 3093: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3077:Prime Minister 3072: 3071: 3064: 3057: 3049: 3040: 3039: 3037: 3036: 3029: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3018: 3017: 3010: 3008: 3002: 3001: 2999: 2998: 2991: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2979: 2972: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2960: 2953: 2951: 2945: 2944: 2942: 2941: 2934: 2932: 2926: 2925: 2923: 2922: 2915: 2913: 2907: 2906: 2904: 2903: 2896: 2894: 2888: 2887: 2885: 2884: 2877: 2875: 2869: 2868: 2866: 2865: 2858: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2847: 2846: 2834: 2827: 2825: 2819: 2818: 2816: 2815: 2808: 2806: 2800: 2799: 2797: 2796: 2789: 2787: 2781: 2780: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2768: 2756: 2749: 2747: 2741: 2740: 2728: 2727: 2720: 2713: 2705: 2696: 2695: 2693: 2692: 2685: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2673: 2666: 2664: 2658: 2657: 2655: 2654: 2647: 2645: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2635: 2628: 2626: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2616: 2609: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2598: 2597: 2590: 2588: 2582: 2581: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2569: 2562: 2560: 2554: 2553: 2541: 2540: 2533: 2526: 2518: 2512: 2509: 2508: 2499: 2498: 2492: 2486: 2480: 2474: 2468: 2462: 2427: 2424: 2345:Magnus Ilmjärv 2324:Toompea Castle 2244:Otto Strandman 2229:hyperinflation 2198: 2195: 2183:Friedrich Akel 2170:Baltic Entente 2134:personal union 2111: 2108: 2065: 2062: 2058:Kalinin Oblast 2023:Johan Laidoner 2007:Butyrka prison 2003:Western powers 1972:Ernst Thälmann 1946: 1943: 1926:sham elections 1918:snap elections 1913:Johannes Vares 1883:military bases 1859:Johan Laidoner 1846: 1843: 1839:Era of Silence 1835:Kaarel Eenpalu 1818:oath of office 1607:Johan Laidoner 1593:Oru palace in 1572:Johan Laidoner 1521:Estonian kroon 1509:1932 elections 1482:1929 elections 1471:1926 elections 1455:1923 elections 1428:1920 elections 1419: 1416: 1408:Landeswehr War 1346: 1343: 1286:Soviet Russian 1216:In 1917, when 1201: 1198: 1101:Baltic Germans 1096: 1093: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 964: 961: 866: 863: 843:Johan Laidoner 839:Era of Silence 789:Soviet Russian 739:Russian Empire 669: 668: 665: 664: 657: 653: 652: 649: 645: 644: 639: 633: 632: 629: 625: 624: 613: 609: 606: 605: 603: 599: 598: 596: 595: 589: 583: 576: 574: 570: 569: 566: 562: 561: 550:(aged 81) 544: 540: 539: 520: 516: 515: 511: 510: 507: 506: 502: 499: 496: 490: 489: 484: 478: 477: 467: 466: 460: 459: 451: 445: 444: 436: 430: 429: 419: 418: 405: 404: 399: 393: 392: 389: 383: 382: 372: 371: 366: 360: 359: 354: 348: 347: 337: 336: 331: 325: 324: 323:Otto Strandman 321: 315: 314: 304: 303: 298: 292: 291: 288: 282: 281: 271: 270: 265: 259: 258: 253: 247: 246: 236: 235: 226: 225: 221:Otto Strandman 217: 211: 210: 205: 199: 198: 188: 187: 180: 179: 174: 168: 167: 159: 153: 152: 142: 141: 126: 125: 117: 108: 101: 98: 92: 91: 89:Johannes Vares 85: 84: 81: 80:Kaarel Eenpalu 78: 75:Kaarel Eenpalu 71: 69: 67:Prime Minister 63: 62: 52: 51: 44: 43: 40: 39: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9478: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9303: 9301: 9290:from Wikidata 9289: 9288: 9276: 9272: 9271: 9259: 9258: 9255: 9249: 9241: 9231: 9229: 9219: 9218: 9215: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9135: 9131: 9129: 9128: 9124: 9123: 9121: 9119: 9115: 9109: 9108: 9104: 9102: 9101: 9097: 9095: 9094: 9090: 9088: 9087: 9083: 9081: 9080: 9076: 9074: 9073: 9069: 9068: 9066: 9064: 9060: 9054: 9053: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9031: 9027: 9026: 9024: 9022: 9018: 9012: 9009: 9008: 9006: 9004: 9000: 8994: 8993: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8983: 8981: 8979: 8971: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8886: 8884: 8882: 8878: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8846: 8845: 8840: 8837: 8836: 8834: 8832: 8828: 8821: 8809: 8808: 8803: 8800: 8799: 8797: 8795: 8787: 8783: 8776: 8771: 8769: 8764: 8762: 8757: 8756: 8753: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8732: 8731: 8728: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8698: 8696: 8694: 8690: 8684: 8683: 8679: 8677: 8676: 8672: 8670: 8669: 8665: 8663: 8662: 8658: 8656: 8655: 8651: 8649: 8648: 8644: 8643: 8641: 8639: 8631: 8627: 8623: 8621: 8617: 8611: 8608: 8607: 8605: 8603: 8599: 8593: 8592: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8582: 8580: 8578: 8570: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8485: 8483: 8481: 8477: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8445: 8444: 8439: 8436: 8435: 8433: 8431: 8427: 8420: 8408: 8407: 8402: 8399: 8398: 8396: 8394: 8386: 8382: 8375: 8370: 8368: 8363: 8361: 8356: 8355: 8352: 8343: 8342:Jaan Tõnisson 8334: 8333: 8326: 8320: 8316: 8312: 8303: 8302: 8293: 8287: 8282: 8278: 8269: 8268: 8261: 8255: 8251: 8242: 8241: 8234: 8230: 8224: 8219: 8211: 8202: 8201: 8192: 8186: 8180: 8174: 8168: 8159: 8158: 8147: 8141: 8135: 8126: 8125: 8114: 8108: 8100: 8091: 8090: 8083: 8082:Jaan Tõnisson 8077: 8073: 8072:Jaan Tõnisson 8064: 8063: 8056: 8050: 8046: 8037: 8036: 8029: 8023: 8019: 8010: 8009: 8002: 7996: 7992: 7983: 7982: 7975: 7969: 7963: 7954: 7953: 7942: 7936: 7928: 7919: 7918: 7909: 7905: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7882: 7876: 7872: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7854: 7843: 7837: 7833: 7828: 7827: 7805: 7801: 7795: 7786: 7779: 7775: 7772:Ideon, Argo. 7769: 7762: 7756: 7749: 7748: 7743: 7737: 7730: 7726: 7720: 7713: 7709: 7703: 7696: 7695: 7690: 7684: 7677: 7672: 7665: 7661: 7657: 7654: 7648: 7641: 7640: 7635: 7631: 7628: 7623: 7616: 7615: 7610: 7604: 7597: 7592: 7585: 7584: 7580: 7575: 7568: 7562: 7555: 7551: 7545: 7538: 7537:Kooli ajalugu 7533: 7526: 7520: 7513: 7509: 7506: 7500: 7493: 7489: 7486: 7481: 7473: 7471:9782600040440 7467: 7463: 7462: 7454: 7447: 7443: 7440: 7435: 7428: 7425:Adams, Jüri. 7422: 7415: 7409: 7402: 7398: 7392: 7390: 7388: 7380: 7377:Adams, Jüri; 7374: 7372: 7370: 7368: 7360: 7356: 7353:Lõhmus, Alo. 7350: 7348: 7346: 7344: 7327: 7323: 7317: 7301: 7297: 7291: 7275: 7271: 7265: 7258: 7252: 7245: 7241: 7238:Lõhmus, Alo. 7235: 7233: 7225: 7221: 7215: 7208: 7204: 7201:Lõhmus, Alo. 7198: 7196: 7194: 7192: 7184: 7180: 7175: 7173: 7165: 7160: 7153: 7148: 7141: 7136: 7129: 7124: 7117: 7112: 7105: 7100: 7085: 7084:fennougria.ee 7081: 7074: 7067: 7062: 7055: 7054: 7049: 7043: 7036: 7032: 7027: 7025: 7017: 7012: 7005: 7004: 6999: 6995: 6992: 6987: 6985: 6983: 6975: 6974: 6969: 6965: 6962: 6957: 6955: 6953: 6945: 6941: 6936: 6929: 6925: 6919: 6912: 6908: 6902: 6900: 6892: 6887: 6880: 6875: 6868: 6863: 6856: 6852: 6846: 6839: 6834: 6827: 6822: 6815: 6810: 6803: 6799: 6796:Lõhmus, Alo. 6793: 6786: 6782: 6777: 6775: 6767: 6762: 6755: 6750: 6743: 6738: 6732: 6731:1-85728-595-6 6728: 6724: 6718: 6711: 6708: 6705:Tamm, Boris. 6702: 6695: 6691: 6686: 6679: 6674: 6667: 6664: 6658: 6651: 6646: 6639: 6634: 6627: 6622: 6615: 6610: 6603: 6598: 6582: 6578: 6576:9985-78-341-7 6572: 6568: 6567: 6559: 6552: 6547: 6540: 6535: 6528: 6523: 6521: 6513: 6508: 6501: 6496: 6494: 6486: 6481: 6479: 6471: 6466: 6459: 6454: 6447: 6442: 6435: 6430: 6423: 6418: 6411: 6406: 6399: 6394: 6392: 6384: 6379: 6372: 6368: 6363: 6361: 6359: 6351: 6346: 6339: 6334: 6327: 6322: 6315: 6310: 6303: 6299: 6293: 6291: 6283: 6278: 6271: 6266: 6259: 6254: 6247: 6246: 6241: 6238:Kukk, Kalev. 6235: 6233: 6225: 6220: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6200: 6193: 6189: 6186: 6181: 6174: 6170: 6164: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6146: 6141: 6134: 6133: 6128: 6122: 6115: 6110: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6092: 6087: 6080: 6075: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6057: 6051: 6044: 6039: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6021: 6016: 6009: 6004: 5997: 5992: 5985: 5980: 5978: 5976: 5968: 5963: 5961: 5959: 5951: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5928: 5923: 5916: 5912: 5909: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5897: 5895: 5893: 5891: 5889: 5887: 5885: 5883: 5881: 5873: 5872: 5868: 5863: 5861: 5859: 5857: 5849: 5844: 5842: 5840: 5831: 5827: 5821: 5813: 5807: 5803: 5802: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5773: 5769: 5762: 5758: 5744: 5735: 5729: 5723: 5717: 5713: 5707: 5705: 5700: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5640: 5638:9985-77-009-9 5634: 5630: 5629:Eesti riik II 5625: 5621: 5619:9985-878-26-4 5615: 5611: 5606: 5605: 5596: 5592: 5590: 5586: 5584: 5580: 5577: 5576:Order of Vasa 5573: 5570: 5566: 5563: 5559: 5556: 5552: 5549: 5545: 5542: 5538: 5535: 5531: 5528: 5524: 5523: 5517: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5493: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5473: 5471: 5467: 5466:Kloostrimetsa 5463: 5457: 5455: 5451: 5450:Kadriorg park 5445: 5442: 5433: 5427:Personal life 5424: 5422: 5421:Metsakalmistu 5418: 5409: 5400: 5398: 5397: 5392: 5388: 5387: 5382: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5370: 5363: 5361: 5356: 5354: 5353:Kadriorg Park 5350: 5348: 5342: 5337: 5335: 5331: 5330:Heinrich Mark 5327: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5312: 5308: 5303: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5288: 5286: 5282: 5257: 5254: 5251: 5248: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5233: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5208: 5201: 5198: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5187: 5183: 5176: 5173: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5158: 5151: 5148: 5145: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5130: 5123: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5111: 5104: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5092: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5073: 5066: 5063: 5060: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5045: 5038: 5035: 5032: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5020: 5013: 5012:Nikolai Talts 5010: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5001: 4996: 4985: 4982:(1934–1938) ( 4981: 4978: 4975: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4963: 4958: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4939: 4934: 4932: 4927: 4925: 4920: 4919: 4916: 4903: 4900: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4891: 4884: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4872: 4865: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4850: 4843: 4842:August Jürman 4840: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4831: 4824: 4821: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4812: 4805: 4804:Ado Anderkopp 4802: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4790: 4785: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4762: 4757: 4754: 4746: 4741: 4739: 4734: 4732: 4727: 4726: 4723: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4698: 4691: 4690:Jaan Tõnisson 4688: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4679: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4657: 4650: 4649:August Jürman 4647: 4644: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4632: 4625: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4613: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4599:Jaan Hünerson 4597: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4585: 4580: 4569: 4568:Jaan Hünerson 4566: 4563: 4562:August Jürman 4560: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4551: 4546: 4543: 4535: 4530: 4528: 4523: 4521: 4516: 4515: 4512: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4492:Ado Anderkopp 4490: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4481: 4474: 4471: 4468: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4456: 4449: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4437: 4430: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4418: 4411: 4408: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4399: 4392: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4380: 4373: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4355: 4348: 4345: 4342: 4339: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4330: 4323: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4311: 4306: 4295: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4283: 4278: 4275: 4267: 4262: 4260: 4255: 4253: 4248: 4247: 4244: 4231: 4228: 4225: 4221: 4220: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4201: 4194: 4191: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4182: 4175: 4172: 4169: 4168: 4163: 4159: 4158: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4139: 4132: 4128: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4108: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4092: 4089: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4077: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4065: 4058: 4055: 4052: 4051: 4046: 4042: 4041: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4022: 4015: 4012: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4003: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3978: 3971: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3952: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3940: 3933: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3921: 3914: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3902: 3898: 3897: 3893: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3872: 3865: 3862: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3853: 3848: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3819: 3814: 3811: 3803: 3798: 3796: 3791: 3789: 3784: 3783: 3780: 3767: 3766:Jaan Tõnisson 3764: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3755: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3730: 3723: 3720: 3717: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3708: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3683: 3676: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3664: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3638: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3620: 3613: 3609: 3608: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3589: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3563: 3562:August Janson 3560: 3557: 3556: 3555:Voldemar Puhk 3551: 3548: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3539: 3532: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3520: 3513: 3510: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3501: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3476: 3469: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3457: 3450: 3447: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3438: 3433: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3404: 3399: 3396: 3388: 3383: 3381: 3376: 3374: 3369: 3368: 3365: 3352: 3351:Jaan Tõnisson 3349: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3340: 3333: 3330: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3321: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3302: 3295: 3291: 3290: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3271: 3264: 3263: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3246: 3239: 3236: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3227: 3220: 3217: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3208: 3201: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3189: 3182: 3179: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3170: 3163: 3159: 3158: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3139: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3125:Villem Maasik 3123: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3098: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3081: 3078: 3070: 3065: 3063: 3058: 3056: 3051: 3050: 3047: 3034: 3031: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3022: 3015: 3012: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3003: 2996: 2993: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2984: 2977: 2974: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2965: 2958: 2955: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2946: 2939: 2938:Villem Maasik 2936: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2927: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2908: 2901: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2889: 2882: 2879: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2870: 2863: 2860: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2851: 2844: 2840: 2839: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2813: 2810: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2782: 2777: 2766: 2762: 2761: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2742: 2737: 2734: 2726: 2721: 2719: 2714: 2712: 2707: 2706: 2703: 2690: 2687: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2678: 2671: 2668: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2659: 2652: 2651:Villem Maasik 2649: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2633: 2630: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2621: 2614: 2611: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2602: 2595: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2583: 2578: 2567: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2550: 2547: 2539: 2534: 2532: 2527: 2525: 2520: 2519: 2516: 2510: 2503: 2497: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2485: 2484:III Riigikogu 2481: 2479: 2475: 2473: 2469: 2467: 2463: 2460: 2456: 2455: 2454: 2451: 2447: 2445: 2437: 2432: 2423: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2397: 2391: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2377: 2371: 2369: 2363: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2348: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2329: 2325: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2310: 2308: 2304: 2299: 2296: 2291: 2289: 2284: 2283:Vaps Movement 2280: 2264: 2260: 2258: 2254: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2240:Estonian mark 2237: 2232: 2231:at the time. 2230: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2209: 2205: 2204:Soviet Russia 2194: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2162: 2158: 2153: 2149: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2127: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2101:student corps 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2081: 2078: 2073: 2071: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2026: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 1995: 1991: 1989: 1985: 1984:Joseph Stalin 1979: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1963: 1960: 1959:Sumner Welles 1956: 1952: 1942: 1940: 1935: 1931: 1930:Riigivolikogu 1927: 1923: 1919: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1871: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1851: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1824: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1810:Riigivolikogu 1807: 1806:Jaan Tõnisson 1803: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1791:Riigivolikogu 1788: 1784: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1765: 1760: 1756: 1754: 1751:in 1936. The 1750: 1746: 1738: 1737:Andrus Johani 1734: 1730: 1726: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1714:Supreme Court 1710: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1684:student riots 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1664:Jaan Tõnisson 1660: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1636: 1632: 1627: 1624: 1619: 1617: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1596: 1591: 1587: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1564: 1560: 1557: 1552: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1541:Vaps Movement 1537: 1534: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1467: 1465: 1460: 1456: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1404: 1399: 1395: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1356: 1351: 1342: 1340: 1334: 1331: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1287: 1283: 1281: 1277: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1253:Jaan Tõnisson 1250: 1246: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1211: 1206: 1197: 1195: 1194:Baltic German 1191: 1190:Imperial Army 1186: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1171: 1167: 1166:Kresty Prison 1161: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1138: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1108: 1102: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1069: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1033:Jaan Tõnisson 1030: 1026: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 984: 982: 978: 974: 970: 960: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 929: 927: 923: 919: 914: 912: 908: 904: 900: 895: 892: 888: 884: 880: 871: 862: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 831:Vaps Movement 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 792: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 755: 751: 747: 742: 740: 736: 732: 729:) during the 728: 724: 723: 718: 717:Jaan Tõnisson 713: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 643: 640: 638: 634: 630: 626: 604: 600: 593: 590: 587: 584: 581: 578: 577: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 545: 541: 537: 533: 521: 517: 512: 508: 505: 497: 491: 488: 485: 479: 473: 468: 465: 461: 458: 457: 452: 446: 443: 442: 437: 431: 425: 420: 411: 406: 403: 400: 394: 391:Jaan Tõnisson 390: 384: 378: 373: 370: 369:Jaan Tõnisson 367: 361: 358: 355: 349: 343: 338: 335: 332: 326: 322: 316: 310: 305: 302: 299: 293: 289: 283: 277: 272: 269: 266: 260: 257: 254: 248: 242: 237: 233: 227: 224: 222: 218: 212: 209: 206: 200: 194: 189: 181: 178: 175: 169: 166: 164: 160: 154: 148: 143: 139: 134: 127: 124: 121: 114: 111: 104: 99: 93: 90: 82: 79: 76: 73: 72: 70: 64: 58: 53: 50: 45: 41: 34: 29: 22: 19: 9285: 9273:from Commons 9268: 9247: 9132: 9125: 9105: 9098: 9091: 9084: 9077: 9070: 9050: 9045: 9028: 9010: 8991: 8990: 8985: 8963: 8953: 8938: 8903: 8893: 8881:State Elders 8842: 8838: 8805: 8801: 8680: 8673: 8666: 8659: 8652: 8645: 8625: 8609: 8590: 8589: 8584: 8562: 8552: 8537: 8502: 8492: 8480:State Elders 8441: 8437: 8404: 8400: 8330: 8310: 8297: 8265: 8260:Andres Larka 8238: 8228: 8198: 8190: 8166: 8155: 8145: 8133: 8120: 8112: 8098: 8087: 8060: 8045:Jaan Teemant 8033: 8006: 7979: 7950: 7940: 7926: 7913: 7903: 7831: 7808:. 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Imdb.com. 7280:16 November 7089:19 December 5476:Descendants 5367:Memoirs of 5258:(1936–1938) 5246:(1933–1936) 5227:(1937–1938) 5221:(1933–1937) 5202:(1934–1938) 5196:(1933–1934) 5177:(1936–1938) 5171:(1933–1936) 5152:(1936–1938) 5146:(1933–1936) 5124:(1936–1938) 5105:(1933–1938) 5103:Karl Selter 5086:(1933–1938) 5067:(1934–1938) 5061:(1933–1934) 5039:(1934–1938) 5033:(1933–1934) 5014:(1933–1938) 4976:(1933–1934) 4959:(1933–1938) 4946:State Elder 4904:(1932–1933) 4885:(1933–1933) 4866:(1932–1933) 4844:(1932–1933) 4825:(1932–1933) 4806:(1932–1933) 4775:(1932–1933) 4758:(1932–1933) 4753:State Elder 4711:(1931–1932) 4692:(1931–1932) 4673:(1931–1932) 4651:(1931–1932) 4643:Mihkel Pung 4626:(1931–1932) 4607:(1931–1932) 4570:(1931–1932) 4547:(1931–1932) 4542:State Elder 4494:(1923–1924) 4475:(1923–1924) 4450:(1923–1924) 4431:(1923–1924) 4412:(1923–1924) 4393:(1923–1924) 4368:(1923–1924) 4349:(1923–1924) 4324:(1923–1924) 4296:(1923–1924) 4279:(1923–1924) 4274:State Elder 4232:(1921–1922) 4195:(1921–1922) 4176:(1921–1922) 4102:(1921–1922) 4059:(1921–1922) 4016:(1921–1922) 3991:(1921–1922) 3972:(1921–1922) 3953:(1921–1922) 3934:(1921–1922) 3866:(1921–1922) 3838:(1921–1922) 3815:(1921–1922) 3810:State Elder 3768:(1918–1919) 3749:(1918–1919) 3721:(1918–1919) 3702:(1918–1919) 3677:(1918–1919) 3658:(1918–1919) 3656:Eduard Säkk 3637:Eduard Aule 3633:(1918–1919) 3631:Jaan Raamot 3583:(1918–1919) 3581:August Peet 3533:(1918–1919) 3514:(1918–1919) 3489:(1918–1919) 3470:(1918–1919) 3451:(1918–1919) 3417:(1918–1919) 3400:(1918–1919) 2793:Jaan Raamot 2691:(1917–1918) 2672:(1917–1918) 2653:(1917–1918) 2634:(1917–1918) 2615:(1917–1918) 2613:Peeter Põld 2596:(1917–1918) 2594:Jaan Raamot 2568:(1917–1918) 2551:(1917–1918) 2496:V Riigikogu 2472:I Riigikogu 2376:coup d'état 2368:Narva River 2271: 1936 2138:Finno-Ugric 1934:Victory Day 1887:Jüri Uluots 1863:Jüri Uluots 1662:Meanwhile, 1653:coup d'état 1523:during the 1436:State Elder 1291:interregnum 1261:Jaan Raamot 1131:Switzerland 1117:During the 937:nationalist 922:Lutheranism 816:State Elder 794:During the 779:(1918) and 727:in absentia 694:State Elder 594:(1932–1935) 588:(1920–1932) 582:(1917–1920) 565:Nationality 552:Burashevo, 482:Preceded by 454:Himself as 441:State Elder 439:Himself as 434:Preceded by 387:Preceded by 352:Preceded by 319:Preceded by 286:Preceded by 251:Preceded by 203:Preceded by 157:Preceded by 103:Jüri Uluots 83:Jüri Uluots 9300:Categories 8693:Presidents 8336:1922–1923 8325:Juhan Kukk 8305:1917–1918 8271:1918–1919 8204:1938–1940 8161:1937–1938 8128:1934–1937 8093:1933–1934 8066:1932–1933 8039:1931–1932 8012:1923–1924 8001:Juhan Kukk 7991:Juhan Kukk 7985:1921–1922 7956:1918–1919 7037:(archived) 6204:Nohlen, D. 5753:References 5498:Kazakh SSR 5322:August Rei 5256:Oskar Kask 4883:August Rei 4193:Jaan Soots 4040:Juhan Kukk 3883:Juhan Kukk 3600:August Rei 3531:Jaan Poska 3512:Juhan Kukk 3415:August Rei 3262:Juhan Kukk 3219:Juhan Kukk 3181:Jaan Poska 3097:Jaan Poska 2900:Jaan Poska 2881:Juhan Kukk 2831:Jüri Vilms 2760:Jaan Poska 2753:Jüri Vilms 2670:Juhan Kukk 2488:1929–1932 2482:1926–1929 2476:1923–1926 2470:1920–1923 2464:1919–1920 2457:1917–1919 2436:Tahkuranna 2191:neutrality 2163:, in 1935. 2042:Tatar ASSR 2036:, then in 1749:referendum 1672:Juhan Kukk 1635:Isamaaliit 1545:referendum 1475:August Rei 1403:Landeswehr 1330:Jüri Vilms 1025:Jaan Poska 1019:Journalism 992:cand. jur. 973:Tahkuranna 963:Early life 949:Tahkuranna 835:parliament 791:invasion. 744:After the 648:Profession 637:Alma mater 525:1874-02-23 290:Juhan Kukk 268:Juhan Kukk 47:(1st) 9228:Biography 9190:K. Kallas 9165:S. Kallas 8934:Strandman 8851:Strandman 8716:Kaljulaid 8620:President 8533:Strandman 8450:Strandman 8170:President 7974:Ants Piip 7778:Postimees 7750:, 3/2007. 7729:Postimees 7712:Postimees 7694:Postimees 7554:Postimees 7401:Postimees 7359:Postimees 7332:4 October 7306:4 October 7244:Postimees 7207:Postimees 7183:Postimees 7031:"PIK-PÜÜ" 6911:Postimees 6855:Postimees 6802:Postimees 6785:Postimees 6710:Postimees 6694:Postimees 6666:Postimees 6371:Postimees 6302:Postimees 6214:. P. 579. 6173:Postimees 6067:Postimees 5830:Riigikogu 5506:Riigikogu 5369:Ivan Orav 5341:Põltsamaa 5318:Stockholm 5311:Otto Tief 5084:Paul Lill 4157:Ants Piip 4050:Ants Piip 3989:Ants Piip 3896:Ants Piip 3747:Hans Pöhl 3487:Karl Luts 2461:(Maapäev) 2416:Lithuania 2360:Riigikogu 2288:Riigikogu 2279:self-coup 2208:relations 2197:Criticism 2179:Stalinist 2038:Chistopol 2032:first in 1922:Riigikogu 1823:Riigikogu 1802:Riigikogu 1676:Ants Piip 1668:Postimees 1616:Riigikogu 1584:self-coup 1432:Riigikogu 1230:Petrograd 1085:Postimees 1077:Postimees 1038:Postimees 859:Stalinist 824:self-coup 818:, a post 812:Riigikogu 754:Bolshevik 698:self-coup 682:president 656:Signature 472:In office 424:In office 377:In office 342:In office 309:In office 276:In office 256:Ants Piip 241:In office 193:In office 147:In office 57:In office 9127:Savisaar 8959:Tõnisson 8924:Tõnisson 8866:Tõnisson 8856:Tõnisson 8790:Chairman 8558:Tõnisson 8523:Tõnisson 8465:Tõnisson 8455:Tõnisson 8389:Chairman 7664:Delfi.ee 7656:Archived 7630:Archived 7583:Õhtuleht 7508:Archived 7488:Archived 7442:Archived 7224:Tänapäev 6994:Archived 6964:Archived 6942:(1940). 6188:Archived 6148:Archived 6094:Archived 6059:Archived 6023:Archived 5911:Archived 5648:See also 5454:diabetes 3607:Karl Ast 2405:and the 2238:and the 2185:(former 2128:in 1936. 2054:Jämejala 1379:Red Army 1146:Helsinki 933:Viljandi 918:Voldemar 899:Heimtali 891:Estonian 883:Viljandi 628:Children 568:Estonian 77:(acting) 9240:Estonia 9214:Portals 9155:Siimann 9036:Eenpalu 9030:Eenpalu 8949:Einbund 8944:Teemant 8919:Teemant 8914:Jaakson 8548:Einbund 8543:Teemant 8518:Teemant 8513:Jaakson 8191:Himself 8167:Himself 8146:Himself 8134:Himself 8113:Himself 8099:Himself 7941:Himself 7927:Himself 7873:of the 7869:in the 7639:Videvik 5574:1936 - 5567:1929 – 5560:1926 – 5553:1935 – 5546:1925 – 5539:1921 – 5532:1920 – 5525:1920 – 5403:Remains 5307:de jure 5285:statism 4226:; 1921) 4170:(1921)) 4090:; 1921) 4053:(1921)) 3903:; 1921) 3296:; 1918) 3265:(1918)) 3164:; 1918) 2845:; 1918) 2767:; 1918) 2246:of the 2019:Siberia 1766:(1938). 1703:decrees 1694:of the 1580:Germany 1517:devalue 1179:Livonia 1125:in the 1107:Teataja 1089:Teataja 1081:Teataja 1068:Teataja 1008:Tallinn 957:Raeküla 951:, near 879:Holstre 735:Finland 722:Teataja 622: 614: 610: 135:of the 9195:Michal 9180:Rõivas 9145:Tarand 9079:Sikkar 9046:vacant 9041:Uluots 8706:Rüütel 8661:Sikkar 8647:Uluots 7838: 7614:Sakala 7468: 7274:Arhiiv 6729: 6587:7 June 6573: 6210: 5808: 5778:8 June 5635: 5616: 5520:Awards 5486:Moscow 5378:puppet 5252:(1936) 4984:acting 4974:vacant 4645:(1931) 4601:(1931) 4564:(1931) 4500:(1924) 4498:vacant 4473:vacant 4469:(1923) 4374:(1924) 4372:vacant 4343:(1923) 4341:vacant 4224:acting 4214:(1921) 4162:acting 4152:(1921) 4150:vacant 4131:acting 4121:(1921) 4119:vacant 4096:(1921) 4088:acting 4078:(1921) 4076:vacant 4045:acting 4035:(1921) 3997:(1922) 3995:vacant 3913:acting 3901:acting 3891:(1921) 3889:vacant 3885:(1921) 3832:(1921) 3830:vacant 3743:(1918) 3741:vacant 3719:vacant 3696:(1918) 3694:vacant 3639:(1919) 3612:acting 3602:(1918) 3564:(1919) 3495:(1919) 3423:(1919) 3421:vacant 3353:(1918) 3334:(1918) 3315:(1918) 3294:acting 3284:(1918) 3282:vacant 3240:(1918) 3221:(1918) 3202:(1918) 3183:(1918) 3162:acting 3152:(1918) 3150:vacant 3133:(1918) 3131:vacant 3127:(1918) 3099:(1918) 3082:(1918) 3035:(1918) 3033:vacant 3016:(1918) 3014:vacant 2997:(1918) 2995:vacant 2978:(1918) 2959:(1918) 2940:(1918) 2921:(1918) 2902:(1918) 2883:(1918) 2864:(1918) 2843:acting 2833:(1918) 2814:(1918) 2812:vacant 2795:(1918) 2765:acting 2755:(1918) 2738:(1918) 2426:Legacy 2412:Latvia 2217:rubles 2011:Moscow 1894:Stalin 1739:(1936) 1323:Grodno 1319:Latvia 1218:German 1150:Ollila 1014:Career 1004:ensign 865:Family 602:Spouse 9270:Media 9185:Ratas 9175:Ansip 9170:Parts 9107:Penno 9086:Warma 8844:Poska 8807:Poska 8721:Karis 8711:Ilves 8668:Warma 8443:Poska 8406:Poska 8244:1918 7921:1918 7862:Video 7804:LA.LV 6926:. 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